TED2009
Brian Cox: What went wrong at the LHC
Brian Cox: Čo sa pokazilo v LHC
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V tomto krátkom príspevku z TED U 2009 hovorí Brian Cox o tom, čo je nové v superurýchľovači CERN . Hovorí o opravách, ktoré práve prebiehajú a čo môže priniesť budúcnosť najväčšieho vedeckého experimentu, aký sa kedy uskutočnil.
Brian Cox - Physicist
Physicist Brian Cox has two jobs: working with the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, and explaining big science to the general public. He's a professor at the University of Manchester. Full bio
Physicist Brian Cox has two jobs: working with the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, and explaining big science to the general public. He's a professor at the University of Manchester. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Last year at TED I gave an introduction to the LHC.
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Minulý rok som na konferencii TED hovoril o tom, čo je LHC.
00:16
And I promised to come back and give you an update
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A sľúbil som, že sa vrátim a poviem novinky
00:18
on how that machine worked.
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o tom, ako prístroj pracuje.
00:20
So this is it. And for those of you that weren't there,
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Toto je ono. A pre tých, ktorí tam neboli,
00:22
the LHC is the largest scientific experiment ever attempted --
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LHC je najvačší vedecký experiment, o ktorý sa ľudstvo pokúsilo --
00:25
27 kilometers in circumference.
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má obvod 27 kilometrov .
00:27
Its job is to recreate the conditions
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Jeho prácou je znovuvytvoriť podmienky prítomné
00:29
that were present less than a billionth of a second after the universe began,
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menej ako bilióntinu sekundy po tom, čo vznikol vesmír --
00:32
up to 600 million times a second.
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viac ako 600 milión krát za sekundu.
00:35
It's nothing if not ambitious.
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Je to obzvlášť ambiciózne.
00:37
This is the machine below Geneva.
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Toto je prístroj pod Ženevou.
00:39
We take the pictures of those mini-Big Bangs inside detectors.
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Fotíme obrázky takýchto mini-Veľkých Treskov vnútri detektorov.
00:42
This is the one I work on. It's called the ATLAS detector --
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Na tomto pracujem ja. Volá sa detektor ATLAS --
00:45
44 meters wide, 22 meters in diameter.
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44 metrov široký, 22 metrov v priemere.
00:48
Spectacular picture here of ATLAS under construction
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Úchvatný obrázok detektoru ATLAS pri výstavbe,
00:51
so you can see the scale.
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takže môžete vidieť tú mierku.
00:53
On the 10th of September last year we turned the machine on for the first time.
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10. Septembra minulý rok sme zapli prístroje po prvýkrát.
00:56
And this picture was taken by ATLAS.
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Tento obrázok odfotil detektor ATLAS.
00:59
It caused immense celebration in the control room.
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Spôsobilo to okamžité oslavy v kontrolnej miestnosti.
01:02
It's a picture of the first beam particle
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Je to obrázok prvého lúču častíc,
01:04
going all the way around the LHC,
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korý prešiel celý okruh v LHC,
01:06
colliding with a piece of the LHC deliberately,
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úmyselne sa zrazil s kúskom LHC,
01:09
and showering particles into the detector.
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a častice dopadli do detektoru.
01:11
In other words, when we saw that picture on September 10th
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Inak povedané, keď sme videli ten obrázok 10. Septembra,
01:13
we knew the machine worked,
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vedeli sme, že prístroj pracuje,
01:15
which is a great triumph.
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čo je obrovský úspech.
01:17
I don't know whether this got the biggest cheer,
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Neviem, či bolo radostnejšie toto,
01:19
or this, when someone went onto Google
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alebo to, keď niekto išiel na Google
01:21
and saw the front page was like that.
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a uvidel takúto úvodnú stránku.
01:23
It means we made cultural impact
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To znamená, že sme urobili ako kultúrny,
01:25
as well as scientific impact.
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tak aj vedecký dopad.
01:27
About a week later we had a problem with the machine,
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Približne o týždeň sme mali problém s prístrojom,
01:30
related actually to these bits of wire here -- these gold wires.
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konkrétne s týmito drôtmi -- toto sú zlaté drôty.
01:34
Those wires carry 13 thousand amps
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Tieto drôty prenášajú 13 tisíc ampérov,
01:37
when the machine is working in full power.
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keď prístroj beží na plný výkon.
01:39
Now the engineers amongst you will look at them and say,
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A inžinieri medzi vami sa na ne pozrú a povedia,
01:41
"No they don't. They're small wires."
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"Nie, neprenášajú. Sú na to príliš malé."
01:43
They can do that because
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Tieto káble to môžu prenášať,
01:45
when they are very cold they are what's called superconducting wire.
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pretože keď sú extrémne studené, sú to supravodiče.
01:47
So at minus 271 degrees,
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Takže pri mínus 271 stupňoch,
01:50
colder than the space between the stars,
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chladnejšie ako vesmír medzi hviezdami,
01:52
those wires can take that current.
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tieto káble dokážu vydržat tak obrovský prúd.
01:54
In one of the joints between over 9,000 magnets in LHC,
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V jednom zo spojov medzi viac ako 9 tisícami magnetov v LHC,
01:58
there was a manufacturing defect.
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bola výrobná vada.
02:00
So the wire heated up slightly,
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Kábel sa mierne zahrial,
02:02
and its 13,000 amps suddenly encountered electrical resistance.
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a tých 13 tisíc ampérov sa náhle stretlo s elektrickým odporom.
02:06
This was the result.
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Toto bol výsledok.
02:08
Now that's more impressive
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Čo je ešte pôsobivejšie,
02:11
when you consider those magnets weigh over 20 tons,
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keď uvažujete o hmotnosti týchto magnetov, ktoré vážia cez 20 ton,
02:13
and they moved about a foot.
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je to že sa posunuli zhruba o 30 centimetrov.
02:15
So we damaged about 50 of the magnets.
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Poškodili sme okolo 50 takýchto magnetov.
02:18
We had to take them out, which we did.
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Museli sme ich vybrať, čo sme spravili.
02:21
We reconditioned them all, fixed them.
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Všetky sme ich dôkladne opravili.
02:23
They're all on their way back underground now.
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Práve su na ceste späť do podzemia.
02:25
By the end of March the LHC will be intact again.
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Koncom marca by mal LHC opäť fungovať.
02:27
We will switch it on,
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Zapneme ho,
02:29
and we expect to take data in June or July,
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očakávame dáta niekedy v júni alebo júli,
02:32
and continue with our quest to find out
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a pokračujeme v našej úlohe nájsť
02:35
what the building blocks of the universe are.
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základné kamene tohto vesmíru.
02:37
Now of course, in a way
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Momentálne sa vo svetle tejto nehody
02:40
those accidents reignite the debate
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objavujú debaty o hodnote vedy
02:42
about the value of science and engineering at the edge. It's easy to refute.
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a inžinierstva na hranici možností. Je ľahké povedať, že je to zbytočné.
02:48
I think that the fact that it's so difficult,
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Myslím si, že fakt, že je to tak zložité,
02:50
the fact that we're overreaching, is the value of things like the LHC.
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fakt, že prekračujeme naše možnosti, je hodnota vecí ako LHC.
02:54
I will leave the final word to an English scientist, Humphrey Davy,
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Prenechám posledné slová anglickému vedcovi, Humpreyovi Davymu,
02:58
who, I suspect,
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ktorý myslím povedal,
03:00
when defending his protege's useless experiments --
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keď obraňoval neužitočné experimenty svojho žiaka,
03:03
his protege was Michael Faraday --
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Michaela Faradaya,
03:05
said this, "Nothing is so dangerous
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toto : "Nič nie je nebezpečnejšie
03:08
to the progress of the human mind
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pre rozlet ľudskej mysle,
03:10
than to assume that our views of science are ultimate,
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než predpokladať to, že naše vnímanie vedy je nekonečné,
03:14
that there are no mysteries in nature,
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že nie sú žiadné záhady v prírode,
03:16
that our triumphs are complete, and that
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že naše triumfy sú kompletné a
03:18
there are no new worlds to conquer."
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že neexistujú žiadné nové svety na podmanenie."
03:20
Thank you.
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Ďakujem.
03:22
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Brian Cox - PhysicistPhysicist Brian Cox has two jobs: working with the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, and explaining big science to the general public. He's a professor at the University of Manchester.
Why you should listen
Based at the University of Manchester, Brian Cox works at CERN in Geneva on the ATLAS experiment, studying the forward proton detectors for the Large Hadron Collider there. He's a professor at the University of Manchester, working in the High Energy Physics group, and is a research fellow of the Royal Society.
He's also become a vital voice in the UK media for explaining physics to the public. With his rockstar hair and accessible charm, he's the go-to physicist for explaining heady concepts on British TV and radio. (If you're in the UK, watch him on The Big Bang Machine.) He was the science advisor for the 2007 film Sunshine. He answers science questions every Friday on BBC6 radio's Breakfast Show.
Brian Cox | Speaker | TED.com