TEDGlobal 2017
Soyapi Mumba: Medical tech designed to meet Africa's needs
Soyapi Mumba: Medicinska tehnologija zasnovana tako, da ustreza potrebam Afrike
Filmed:
Readability: 6.1
1,046,951 views
V podsaharski Afriki izpadi elektrike, majhen prodor tehnologije, počasen internet in kadrovsko podhranjene bolnišnice pestijo zdravstvene sisteme. Da bi rešil te probleme v Malaviju, je TED Fellow Soyapi Mumba s svojo ekipo ustvaril popolnoma nov sistem - od programske opreme, ki poganja njihove elektronske kartoteke, do infrastrukture, ki to podpira. V tem kratkem govoru, polnem upanja, Mumba z nami deli svoj pogled na svet, kako lahko kot sam svoj mojster spremenimo zdravstvo v okoljih z malo sredstvi.
Soyapi Mumba - Technology innovator
TED Fellow Soyapi Mumba creates technology solutions for low-resource environments. Full bio
TED Fellow Soyapi Mumba creates technology solutions for low-resource environments. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Like every passionate
software engineer out there,
software engineer out there,
0
760
3456
Kot vsak strasten programer,
00:16
I closely follow technology
companies in Silicon Valley,
companies in Silicon Valley,
1
4240
3336
skrbno sledim tehnološkim
podjetjem v Silicijevi dolini,
podjetjem v Silicijevi dolini,
00:19
pretty much the same way soccer fans
follow their teams in Europe.
follow their teams in Europe.
2
7600
3120
tako kot nogometni navdušenci
v Evropi sledijo svojim ekipam.
v Evropi sledijo svojim ekipam.
00:23
I read articles on tech blogs
3
11640
2216
Berem članke na tehnoloških blogih
00:25
and listen to podcasts on my phone.
4
13880
2120
in na telefonu poslušam podcaste.
00:29
But after I finish the article,
5
17080
1816
A ko preberem članek,
00:30
lock my phone and unplug the headphones,
6
18920
3336
zaklenem telefon in izvlečem slušalke,
00:34
I'm back in sub-Saharan Africa,
7
22280
2216
sem nazaj v podsaharski Afriki.
00:36
where the landscape is not quite the same.
8
24520
2440
kjer pokrajina ni čisto ista.
00:40
We have long and frequent power outages,
9
28160
2640
Imamo dolga in pogosta
obdobja brez elektrike,
obdobja brez elektrike,
00:43
low penetration of computers,
10
31720
2056
slabo razširjenost računalnikov,
00:45
slow internet connections
11
33800
1936
počasno internetno povezavo
00:47
and a lot of patients
visiting understaffed hospitals.
visiting understaffed hospitals.
12
35760
4256
in veliko pacientov, ki pridejo
v bolnišnice s premalo osebja.
v bolnišnice s premalo osebja.
00:52
Since the HIV epidemic,
13
40040
2136
Zaradi epidemije HIV-a
00:54
hospitals have been struggling
to manage regular HIV treatment records
to manage regular HIV treatment records
14
42200
5656
so se bolnišnice trudile z obvladovanjem
običajnih kartotek zdravljenja HIV
običajnih kartotek zdravljenja HIV
00:59
for increasing volumes of patients.
15
47880
1840
za naraščajoče število pacientov.
01:02
For such environments,
16
50720
1736
V takih okoljih
01:04
importing technology systems
developed elsewhere has not worked,
developed elsewhere has not worked,
17
52480
3896
uvoz tehnoloških sistemov,
proizvedenih drugje, ni deloval,
proizvedenih drugje, ni deloval,
01:08
but in 2006, I joined Baobab Health,
18
56400
3216
a leta 2006 sem se pridružil
ekipi Baobab zdravje,
ekipi Baobab zdravje,
01:11
a team that uses locally based engineers
19
59640
3536
ki uporablja lokalne programerje
01:15
to develop suitable interventions
20
63200
2616
za razvoj primernih ukrepov,
01:17
that are addressing
health care challenges in Malawi.
health care challenges in Malawi.
21
65840
3856
ki bi obravnavali izzive
zdravstvene oskrbe v Malaviju.
zdravstvene oskrbe v Malaviju.
01:21
We designed an electronic
health record system
health record system
22
69720
3416
Zasnovali smo elektronski
sistem zdravstvenih kartotek,
sistem zdravstvenih kartotek,
01:25
that is used by health care workers
while seeing patients.
while seeing patients.
23
73160
3336
ki ga uporabljajo zdravstveni delavci
med obravnavo pacientov.
med obravnavo pacientov.
01:28
And in the process we realized that we
not only had to design the software,
not only had to design the software,
24
76520
4576
In med tem procesom smo spoznali,
da ne potrebujemo le programske opreme,
da ne potrebujemo le programske opreme,
01:33
we had to implement
the infrastructure as well.
the infrastructure as well.
25
81120
2360
ampak tudi postavitev infrastrukture.
01:36
We don't have enough medical staff
26
84640
2216
Nimamo dovolj zdravstvenega osebja,
01:38
to comprehensively examine every patient,
27
86880
2856
da bi podrobno pregledali
vsakega pacienta,
vsakega pacienta,
01:41
so we embedded clinical guidelines
within the software
within the software
28
89760
3056
zato smo v programsko opremo
vdelali klinične smernice
vdelali klinične smernice
01:44
to guide nurses and clerks
29
92840
2176
v pomoč medicinskim sestram in delavcem,
01:47
who assist with handling
some of the workload.
some of the workload.
30
95040
2160
ki prevzamejo nekaj delovnih obremenitev.
01:50
Everyone has a birthday,
31
98000
1656
Vsak ima rojstni dan,
01:51
but not everyone knows their birthday,
32
99680
2496
a ne ve vsak, kdaj je rojen,
01:54
so we wrote algorithms
to handle estimated birthdates
to handle estimated birthdates
33
102200
3816
zato smo napisali algoritme,
ki obravnavajo okvirne rojstne dneve
ki obravnavajo okvirne rojstne dneve
01:58
as complete dates.
34
106040
1280
kot celotne.
02:00
How do we follow up
patients living in slums
patients living in slums
35
108200
3936
Kako sledimo pacientom iz slumov,
02:04
with no street and house numbers?
36
112160
2200
brez imen ulic in hišnih številk.
02:07
We used landmarks to approximate
their physical addresses.
their physical addresses.
37
115200
3880
Uporabili smo razpoznavne znake
za približno določitev njihovega naslova.
za približno določitev njihovega naslova.
02:12
Malawi had no IDs
to uniquely identify patients,
to uniquely identify patients,
38
120040
3440
Malavi nima osebnih izkaznic za unikatno
prepoznavanje pacientov,
prepoznavanje pacientov,
02:16
so we had to implement unique patient IDs
39
124480
3136
zato smo morali vpeljati
unikatno pacientovo identiteto (ID),
unikatno pacientovo identiteto (ID),
02:19
to link patient records across clinics.
40
127640
2240
da smo povezali
kartoteke v različnih klinikah.
kartoteke v različnih klinikah.
02:22
The IDs are printed as barcodes
41
130919
2441
Te ID so natisnjene kot črtne kode
02:26
on labels that are stuck
on personal health booklets
on personal health booklets
42
134200
2856
na nalepkah, ki so na
osebnih zdravstvenih knjižicah,
osebnih zdravstvenih knjižicah,
02:29
kept by each patient.
43
137080
1200
ki jih ima pacient.
02:31
With this barcoded ID,
44
139000
1976
ID v obliki črtne kode
02:33
a simple scan with a barcode reader
45
141000
2416
enostavno preberemo s čitalcem
02:35
quickly pulls up the patient's records.
46
143440
2240
in hitro dobimo pacientovo kartoteko.
02:38
No need to rewrite their personal details
47
146440
2296
Prepisovanje osebnih podatkov v register
02:40
on paper registers at every visit.
48
148760
2416
ob vsakem obisku ni več potrebno.
02:43
And suddenly, queues became shorter.
49
151200
2656
In nenadoma so se vrste zmanjšale.
02:45
This meant patients, typically mothers
with little children on their backs,
with little children on their backs,
50
153880
4896
To pomeni, da so pacienti, ponavadi mame
z majhnimi otroki na hrbtu,
z majhnimi otroki na hrbtu,
02:50
had to spend less time
waiting to be assisted.
waiting to be assisted.
51
158800
3136
manj časa čakale na obravnavo.
02:53
And if they lose their booklets,
52
161960
1936
In če knjižico izgubijo,
02:55
their records can still be pulled
by searching with their names.
by searching with their names.
53
163920
3176
lahko z njihovim imenom
še vedno najdemo kartoteke.
še vedno najdemo kartoteke.
02:59
Now, the way we pronounce
and spell names varies tremendously.
and spell names varies tremendously.
54
167120
4720
Način izgovorjave in črkovanja
imen izredno variira.
imen izredno variira.
03:04
We freely mix R's and L's,
55
172360
2280
Prosto menjamo L in R,
03:07
English and vernacular
versions of their names.
versions of their names.
56
175080
2840
angleško in izvorno obliko imena.
03:10
Even soundex,
57
178680
1416
Celo soundex,
03:12
a standard method for grouping words
by how similar they sound,
by how similar they sound,
58
180120
4416
standardna metoda za združevanje
besed glede na to, kako podobno zvenijo,
besed glede na to, kako podobno zvenijo,
03:16
was not good enough.
59
184560
1576
ni bila dovolj.
03:18
So we had to modify it
60
186160
1696
Zato smo ga morali prilagoditi,
03:19
to help us link and match
existing records.
existing records.
61
187880
3800
da nam je pomagal z ujemanjem
in povezovanjem že obstoječih kartotek.
in povezovanjem že obstoječih kartotek.
03:26
Before the iPhone,
62
194160
1200
Pred iPhonom
03:28
software engineers
developed for personal computers,
developed for personal computers,
63
196040
3816
so programerji razvijali programe
za osebne računalnike,
za osebne računalnike,
03:31
but from our experience,
64
199880
1256
a iz naših izkušenj vemo,
03:33
we knew our power system
is not reliable enough
is not reliable enough
65
201160
3376
da naš energetski sistem
ni dovolj zanesljiv
ni dovolj zanesljiv
03:36
for personal computers.
66
204560
1280
za osebne računalnike.
03:38
So we repurposed touch screen
point-of-sale terminals
point-of-sale terminals
67
206480
4656
Zato smo na novo uporabili
zaslone na dotik,
zaslone na dotik,
03:43
that are meant for retail shops
68
211160
1696
ki so namenjeni prodajalnam,
03:44
to become clinical workstations.
69
212880
1760
da so postali delovne postaje na klinikah.
03:47
At the time, we imported
internet appliances called i-Openers
internet appliances called i-Openers
70
215920
4160
Takrat smo uvozili i-Openers,
internetne naprave,
internetne naprave,
03:52
that were manufactured
during the dot-com era
during the dot-com era
71
220960
3016
ki jih je v obdobju "dot-com" proizvedlo
03:56
by a failed US company.
72
224000
1840
propadlo ameriško podjetje.
03:59
We modified their screens
73
227080
2296
Prilagodili smo ekrane
04:01
to add touch sensors
74
229400
1376
in dodali senzorje na dotik
04:02
and their power system
to run from rechargeable batteries.
to run from rechargeable batteries.
75
230800
3320
ter njihovo napajanje, da ga je lahko
poganjala baterija za polnjenje.
poganjala baterija za polnjenje.
04:06
When we started, we didn't find
a reliable network to transmit data,
a reliable network to transmit data,
76
234680
5136
Ko smo začeli, nismo našli zanesljivega
omrežja za prenos podatkov,
omrežja za prenos podatkov,
04:11
especially from rural hospitals.
77
239840
1640
še posebej iz ruralnih bolnišnic.
04:14
So we built our own towers,
78
242240
2720
Zato smo zgradili lastne stolpe,
04:17
created a wireless network
79
245720
1896
ustvarili brezžično omrežje
04:19
and linked clinics in Lilongwe,
80
247640
2416
in povezali klinike v Lilongweju,
04:22
Malawi's capital.
81
250080
1200
prestolnici Malavija.
04:24
(Applause)
82
252600
2880
(Aplavz)
04:29
With a team of engineers
83
257600
1600
S skupino programerjev,
04:32
working within a hospital campus,
84
260200
2296
ki delajo v bolnišnici,
smo opazovali, kako zdravstveni delavci
uporabljajo sistem
uporabljajo sistem
04:34
we observed health care workers
use the system
use the system
85
262520
2656
04:37
and iteratively
build an information system
build an information system
86
265200
3216
in iterativno zgradili
informacijski sistem,
informacijski sistem,
04:40
that is now managing HIV records
87
268440
3816
ki sedaj upravlja HIV kartoteke
04:44
in all major public hospitals in Malawi.
88
272280
3616
v vseh glavnih javnih
bolnišnicah v Malaviju.
bolnišnicah v Malaviju.
04:47
These are hospitals serving
over 2,000 HIV patients, each clinic.
over 2,000 HIV patients, each clinic.
89
275920
5200
Vsaka od teh bolnišnic skrbi
za okrog 2000 pacientov.
za okrog 2000 pacientov.
04:54
Now, health care workers
who used to spend days
who used to spend days
90
282680
2856
Sedaj lahko delavci,
ki so prej porabili dneve
ki so prej porabili dneve
04:57
to tally and prepare quarterly reports
91
285560
2136
za pripravo četrtletnih poročil,
04:59
are producing the same reports
within minutes,
within minutes,
92
287720
2240
to storijo v nekaj minutah,
05:02
and health care experts
from all over the world
from all over the world
93
290960
3856
in strokovnjaki s celega sveta,
05:06
are now coming to Malawi
to learn how we did it.
to learn how we did it.
94
294840
3040
sedaj prihajajo v Malavi, da vidijo,
kako nam je to uspelo.
kako nam je to uspelo.
05:10
(Applause)
95
298880
3456
(Aplavz)
05:14
It is inspiring and fun
96
302360
2576
Navdihujoče in zabavno
05:16
to follow technology trends
across the globe,
across the globe,
97
304960
2816
je slediti tehnološkim trendom po svetu,
05:19
but to make them work
98
307800
2096
a da delujejo
05:21
in low-resourced environments
99
309920
2176
v okoljih z malo viri,
05:24
like public hospitals
in sub-Saharan Africa,
in sub-Saharan Africa,
100
312120
3176
kot so javne bolnišnice
v podsaharski Afriki,
v podsaharski Afriki,
05:27
we have had to become jacks-of-all-trades
101
315320
3776
moraš biti sam svoj mojster
05:31
and build whole systems,
including the infrastructure,
including the infrastructure,
102
319120
3536
in zgraditi celoten sistem,
vključno z infrastrukturo,
vključno z infrastrukturo,
05:34
from the ground up.
103
322680
1240
od samega začetka.
05:36
Thank you.
104
324560
1216
Hvala.
05:37
(Applause)
105
325800
5000
(Aplavz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Soyapi Mumba - Technology innovatorTED Fellow Soyapi Mumba creates technology solutions for low-resource environments.
Why you should listen
As Director of Public Health Informatics at Baobab Health Trust, Soyapi Mumba oversees development of electronic health surveillance and reporting systems for public hospitals in Malawi. Previously, he led the software development of Malawi's national electronic health record system which empowers low-resourced public clinics to serve large volumes of patients while following treatment guidelines and meeting reporting requirements.
Mumba is a TED Fellow and a prize winner of "Share an Idea, Save a Life" national competition for innovations in maternal, newborn and child health. His work has been featured in the book The Bright Continent: Breaking Rules and Making Change in Modern Africa.
Mumba lives in Lilongwe, Malawi, with his wife Miriam and their twin boys. He holds a Master of Science degree in Biomedical Informatics from University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and a Bachelor of Science degree in Computer Science from University of Hertfordshire, England.
Soyapi Mumba | Speaker | TED.com