TED2014
Moshe Safdie: How to reinvent the apartment building
Moše Safdi (Moshe Safdie): Kako smo preporodili stambene zgrade
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Moše Safdi je 1967. potpuno izmenio pravougaone stambene zgrade stvorivši ,,Stanište '67'', u kojoj je svaki stan bio otvoren u do tada neviđenoj meri. Nakon gotovo 50 godina smatra da nam ovakve zgrade trebaju više nego ikad. U ovom kratkom govoru, Safdi navodi niz projekata koji bi uklonili nebodere i omogućili svetlosti da prodre u gusto naseljene gradove.
Moshe Safdie - Architect
Moshe Safdie's buildings -- from grand libraries to intimate apartment complexes -- explore the qualities of light and the nature of private and public space. Full bio
Moshe Safdie's buildings -- from grand libraries to intimate apartment complexes -- explore the qualities of light and the nature of private and public space. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
When, in 1960, still a student,
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1960. sam, kao student,
00:15
I got a traveling fellowship
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dobio stipendiju za studije
00:18
to study housing in North America.
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urbanizma u Severnoj Americi.
00:21
We traveled the country.
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Proputovali smo državu.
00:23
We saw public housing high-rise buildings
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Videli smo višespratnice
sa socijalnim stanovima
sa socijalnim stanovima
00:26
in all major cities:
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u svim većim gradovima:
00:28
New York, Philadelphia.
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Njujorku, Filadelfiji.
00:31
Those who have no choice lived there.
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Tamo žive oni koji nemaju gde drugde.
00:33
And then we traveled from suburb to suburb,
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Zatim smo išli od predgrađa do predgrađa,
00:36
and I came back thinking,
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i u povratku sam pomislio,
00:38
we've got to reinvent the apartment building.
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moraćemo da preporodimo stambene zgrade.
00:40
There has to be another way of doing this.
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Sigurno može i drugačije.
00:43
We can't sustain suburbs,
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Predgrađa su pretrpana,
00:45
so let's design a building
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hajde onda da osmislimo zgradu
00:48
which gives the qualities of a house
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u kojoj će svaki stan
00:51
to each unit.
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biti poput kuće.
00:52
Habitat would be all about gardens,
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U Staništu bi glavne bile bašte,
00:56
contact with nature,
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dodir sa prirodom,
00:58
streets instead of corridors.
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ulice umesto hodnika.
01:00
We prefabricated it so we would achieve economy,
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Unapred smo proizvedi delove
da bismo uštedeli,
da bismo uštedeli,
01:04
and there it is almost 50 years later.
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i ovako izgleda nakon skoro 50 godina.
01:09
It's a very desirable place to live in.
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Mnogi žele da žive u njoj.
01:13
It's now a heritage building,
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Sada je deo kulturne baštine,
01:15
but it did not proliferate.
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ali ideja nije zaživela.
01:19
In 1973, I made my first trip to China.
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1973. sam prvi put otputovao u Kinu.
01:24
It was the Cultural Revolution.
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Tad je trajala Kulturna revolucija.
01:28
We traveled the country,
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Proputovali smo državu
01:30
met with architects and planners.
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i sreli arhitekte i planere.
01:33
This is Beijing then,
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Ovo je Peking iz tog vremena,
01:35
not a single high rise building
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nije bilo nijedne višespratnice
01:38
in Beijing or Shanghai.
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ni u Pekingu, ni u Šangaju.
01:41
Shenzhen didn't even exist as a city.
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Šenđen tad nije ni postojao.
01:44
There were hardly any cars.
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Skoro da nije bilo automobila.
01:48
Thirty years later,
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Ovako Peking izgleda
01:50
this is Beijing today.
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posle trideset godina.
01:53
This is Hong Kong.
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Ovo je Hong Kong.
01:55
If you're wealthy, you live there,
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Ako ste bogati, živite tu,
01:58
if you're poor, you live there,
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ako niste, onda živite ovde,
02:00
but high density it is, and it's not just Asia.
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ali svuda je gusto naseljeno,
i to ne samo u Aziji.
i to ne samo u Aziji.
02:03
São Paulo, you can travel
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U Sao Paolu možete 45 minuta
02:05
in a helicopter 45 minutes
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da letite helikopterom
02:07
seeing those high-rise buildings consume
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i gledate kako višespratnice zamenjuju
02:09
the 19th-century low-rise environment.
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prizemne kuće iz XIX veka.
02:12
And with it, comes congestion,
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A uz njih dolazi gust saobraćaj,
02:14
and we lose mobility, and so on and so forth.
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slaba pokretljivost i tako dalje.
02:18
So a few years ago, we decided to go back
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Tako da smo pre nekoliko godina odlučili
02:21
and rethink Habitat.
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da razvijemo Stanište iz početka.
02:23
Could we make it more affordable?
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Može li da bude pristupačnije?
02:25
Could we actually achieve this quality of life
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Može li se takav kvalitet života postići
02:28
in the densities that are prevailing today?
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u gusto naseljenim oblastima današnjice?
02:33
And we realized, it's basically about light,
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Shvatili smo da je u pitaju svetlost,
02:36
it's about sun, it's about nature,
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sunce, priroda,
02:39
it's about fractalization.
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fraktalizacija.
02:41
Can we open up the surface of the building
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Može li površina zgrade da se otvori
02:44
so that it has more contact with the exterior?
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kako bi se postigao
veći kontakt sa spoljašnosti?
veći kontakt sa spoljašnosti?
02:47
We came up with a number of models:
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Razvili smo razne modele:
02:49
economy models, cheaper to build and more compact;
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štedljive modele, jeftinije i kompaktnije;
02:53
membranes of housing
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okvire stanova,
02:55
where people could design their own house
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kod kojih ljudi sami dizajniraju kuću
02:57
and create their own gardens.
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i stvaraju baštu.
03:00
And then we decided to take New York as a test case,
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Odlučili smo da probu obavimo u Njujorku
03:03
and we looked at Lower Manhattan.
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i okrenuli smo se ka južnom Menhetnu.
03:06
And we mapped all the building area in Manhattan.
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Napravili smo mapu
građevinskih zona u Menhetnu.
građevinskih zona u Menhetnu.
03:09
On the left is Manhattan today:
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Levo je Menhetn sada:
03:13
blue for housing, red for office buildings, retail.
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plavo su stanovi,
crveno poslovne zgrade, prodavnice.
crveno poslovne zgrade, prodavnice.
03:17
On the right, we reconfigured it:
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Desno smo ga preuredili:
03:20
the office buildings form the base,
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poslovne zgrade čine osnovu,
03:22
and then rising 75 stories above,
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dok su stanovi
03:25
are apartments.
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75 spratova iznad.
03:27
There's a street in the air on the 25th level,
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Na 25. spratu se nalazi viseća ulica,
03:30
a community street.
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javna ulica.
03:32
It's permeable.
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Otvorena je.
03:33
There are gardens and open spaces
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Tu su vrtovi
03:35
for the community,
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i javne površine,
03:37
almost every unit with its own private garden,
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skoro svaki stan ima sopstvenu baštu
03:40
and community space all around.
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i svuda je javni prostor.
03:43
And most important, permeable, open.
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I najvažnije je da je sve otvoreno.
03:46
It does not form a wall or an obstruction in the city,
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Nema zidova koji bi zaklanjali pogled
03:49
and light permeates everywhere.
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i svetlost može svuda da prodire.
03:52
And in the last two or three years,
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Poslednje dve ili tri godine
03:54
we've actually been, for the first time,
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smo čak prvi put uspeli
03:56
realizing the quality of life of Habitat
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da u projektima širom Azije
04:00
in real-life projects across Asia.
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ostvarimo kvalitet života kao u Staništu.
04:04
This in Qinhuangdao in China:
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Ovo je Čingvandao u Kini:
04:07
middle-income housing, where there is a bylaw
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stanovi za srednju klasu,
ali postoji pravilo
ali postoji pravilo
04:09
that every apartment must receive
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da svaki stan mora dnevno da primi
04:12
three hours of sunlight.
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tri sata sunčeve svetlosti.
04:15
That's measured in the winter solstice.
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Meri se tokom zimske kratkodnevnice.
04:18
And under construction in Singapore,
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A i u Singapuru se grade
04:21
again middle-income housing, gardens,
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stanovi za srednju klasu, bašte,
04:24
community streets and parks and so on and so forth.
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javne ulice i parkovi i tako dalje.
04:28
And Colombo.
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Kao i u Kolambu.
04:31
And I want to touch on one more issue,
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Hteo bih još samo da se osvrnem
04:33
which is the design of the public realm.
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na dizajn javnih površina.
04:37
A hundred years after we've begun building
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Već stotinu godina
gradimo višespratnice
04:40
with tall buildings,
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04:42
we are yet to understand
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i još nismo shvatili
04:44
how the tall high-rise building
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kako da neboder učinimo
04:47
becomes a building block in making a city,
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osnovnim elementom pri stvaranju grada,
04:50
in creating the public realm.
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stvaranju javnog prostora.
04:53
In Singapore, we had an opportunity:
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U Singapuru smo imali priliku:
04:55
10 million square feet, extremely high density.
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929.000 kvadratnih metara
izuzetno gusto naseljenog prostora.
izuzetno gusto naseljenog prostora.
04:58
Taking the concept of outdoor and indoor,
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Iskoristili smo koncept
spoljnog i unutrašnjeg prostora,
spoljnog i unutrašnjeg prostora,
05:03
promenades and parks integrated
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šetališta i parkova spojenih
05:05
with intense urban life.
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sa urbanom sredinom.
05:07
So they are outdoor spaces and indoor spaces,
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Spoljni i unutrašnji prostor su spojeni,
05:11
and you move from one to the other,
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prelazi se iz jednog u drugi,
05:13
and there is contact with nature,
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postoji i dodir sa prirodom,
05:15
and most relevantly, at every level of the structure,
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i što je najvažnije, na svakom nivou
05:19
public gardens and open space:
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postoje bašte i javne površine.
05:21
on the roof of the podium,
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Na vrhu osnove,
05:23
climbing up the towers,
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čitavom visinom nebodera
05:25
and finally on the roof, the sky park,
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i na krovu su viseći vrtovi,
05:29
two and a half acres, jogging paths, restaurants,
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10.000 kvadratnih metara;
staze za trčanje, restorani
staze za trčanje, restorani
05:32
and the world's longest swimming pool.
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i najduži bazen na svetu.
05:38
And that's all I can tell you in five minutes.
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To je sve što mogu
da vam ispričam za pet minuta.
da vam ispričam za pet minuta.
05:40
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
05:42
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Moshe Safdie - ArchitectMoshe Safdie's buildings -- from grand libraries to intimate apartment complexes -- explore the qualities of light and the nature of private and public space.
Why you should listen
Moshe Safdie's master's thesis quickly became a cult building: his modular "Habitat '67" apartments for Montreal Expo '67. Within a dizzying pile of concrete, each apartment was carefully sited to have natural light and a tiny, private outdoor space for gardening. These themes have carried forward throughout Safdie's career -- his buildings tend to soak in the light, and to hold cozy, user-friendly spaces inside larger gestures.
He's a triple citizen of Canada, Israel and the United States, three places where the bulk of his buildings can be found: in Canada, the National Gallery in Ottawa, the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, the Vancouver public library. For Yad Vashem, the Holocaust museum in Jerusalem, he designed the Children's Memorial and the Memorial to the Deportees; he's also built airport terminals in Tel Aviv. In the US, he designed the elegant and understated Peabody Essex Museum in Salem, Masachusetts, and the Crystal Bridges Museum in Arkansas.
Moshe Safdie | Speaker | TED.com