TED2015
Elora Hardy: Magical houses, made of bamboo
Elora Hardi (Elora Hardy): Čarobne kuće napravljene od bambusa
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Nikada niste videli ovakve građevine. Zapanjujući domovi od bambusa, koje pravi Elora Hardi sa svojom ekipom na Baliju, uvijaju se, izvijaju i iznenađuju vas svakim zavojem. Prkose konvencijama jer je sam bambus tako enigmatičan. Ne postoje dve šipke bambusa koje su iste, zato je svaki dom, most i kupatilo izuzetno jedinstveno. U ovom divnom, angažovanom govoru, otkriva nam potencijal bambusa, kao održivog resursa i kao iskru mašte. "Morali smo da izmislimo sopstvena pravila", kaže ona.
Elora Hardy - Sustainable designer
Cultivating the power of sustainable materials, Elora Hardy leads Ibuku, creating bespoke bamboo homes in her native Bali. Full bio
Cultivating the power of sustainable materials, Elora Hardy leads Ibuku, creating bespoke bamboo homes in her native Bali. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
When I was nine years old,
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Kada mi je bilo devet godina,
00:14
my mom asked me what I would want
my house to look like,
my house to look like,
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majka me je upitala
kakvu bih kuću želela da imam
kakvu bih kuću želela da imam
00:18
and I drew this fairy mushroom.
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i ja sam nacrtala ovu vilenjačku pečurku.
00:20
And then she actually built it.
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A ona ju je potom stvarno sagradila.
00:23
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
00:25
I don't think I realized
this was so unusual at the time,
this was so unusual at the time,
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Mislim da tada nisam bila svesna
koliko je ovo neobično,
koliko je ovo neobično,
00:28
and maybe I still haven't,
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možda ni danas nisam,
00:29
because I'm still designing houses.
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jer i dalje dizajniram kuće.
00:35
This is a six-story bespoke home
on the island of Bali.
on the island of Bali.
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Ovo je ugovorena šestospratnica
na ostrvu Bali.
na ostrvu Bali.
00:38
It's built almost entirely from bamboo.
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Skoro da je u potpunosti
sagrađena od bambusa.
sagrađena od bambusa.
00:42
The living room overlooks the valley
from the fourth floor.
from the fourth floor.
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Dnevni boravak na četvrtom spratu
ima pogled na dolinu.
ima pogled na dolinu.
00:46
You enter the house by a bridge.
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Ulazite u kuću preko mosta.
00:50
It can get hot in the tropics,
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U tropskim delovima može da bude toplo,
00:52
so we make big curving roofs
to catch the breezes.
to catch the breezes.
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zato pravimo visoke, zakrivljene krovove
koji hvataju povetarce.
koji hvataju povetarce.
00:57
But some rooms have tall windows
to keep the air conditioning in
to keep the air conditioning in
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Ali neke sobe imaju visoke prozore da bi
zadržavali klimatizovan vazduh unutra,
zadržavali klimatizovan vazduh unutra,
01:01
and the bugs out.
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a bube spolja.
01:05
This room we left open.
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Ovu smo sobu ostavili nepokrivenom.
01:07
We made an air-conditioned, tented bed.
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Napravili smo klimatizovan krevet,
ispod šatora.
ispod šatora.
01:10
And one client wanted a TV room
in the corner of her living room.
in the corner of her living room.
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A jedna klijentkinja je želela sobu za TV
u uglu svog dnevnog boravka.
u uglu svog dnevnog boravka.
01:14
Boxing off an area with tall walls
just didn't feel right,
just didn't feel right,
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Ograđivanje prostora visokim zidovima,
prosto se nije činilo pravilnim,
prosto se nije činilo pravilnim,
01:18
so instead, we made this giant woven pod.
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pa smo umesto toga napravili
ovu džinovsku, pletenu ljusku.
ovu džinovsku, pletenu ljusku.
01:24
Now, we do have all the necessary
luxuries, like bathrooms.
luxuries, like bathrooms.
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Sad, imamo sav neophodni luksuz,
poput kupatila.
poput kupatila.
01:28
This one is a basket
in the corner of the living room,
in the corner of the living room,
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Ovaj je u vidu korpe,
u uglu dnevnog boravka
u uglu dnevnog boravka
01:32
and I've got tell you, some people
actually hesitate to use it.
actually hesitate to use it.
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i moram da vam kažem
da ga neki ljudi nerado koriste.
da ga neki ljudi nerado koriste.
01:36
We have not quite figured out
our acoustic insulation.
our acoustic insulation.
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Nismo još do kraja razradili
problem zvučne izolacije.
problem zvučne izolacije.
01:39
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
01:41
So there are lots of things
that we're still working on,
that we're still working on,
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Dakle, ima još mnogo stvari
na kojima još uvek radimo,
na kojima još uvek radimo,
01:44
but one thing I have learned
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ali nešto sam naučila
01:46
is that bamboo will treat you well
if you use it right.
if you use it right.
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da je bambus zahvalan materijal,
ako ga pravilno koristite.
ako ga pravilno koristite.
01:50
It's actually a wild grass.
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To je zapravo divlja trava.
01:52
It grows on otherwise unproductive land --
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Raste na inače jalovoj zemlji -
01:55
deep ravines, mountainsides.
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u dubokim jarugama,
na planinskim padinama.
na planinskim padinama.
01:59
It lives off of rainwater,
spring water, sunlight,
spring water, sunlight,
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Hrani se kišnicom, izvorskom vodom,
sunčevom svetlošću
sunčevom svetlošću
02:03
and of the 1,450 species of bamboo
that grow across the world,
that grow across the world,
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i od 1450 vrsta bambusa
koje rastu širom sveta,
koje rastu širom sveta,
02:08
we use just seven of them.
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koristimo samo njih sedam.
02:10
That's my dad.
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Ovo je moj otac.
02:12
He's the one who got me
building with bamboo,
building with bamboo,
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Zbog njega se bavim izgradnjom od bambusa,
02:14
and he is standing in a clump
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a on stoji okružen stablima
02:16
of Dendrocalamus asper niger
that he planted just seven years ago.
that he planted just seven years ago.
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dendrokalamus asper nigera,
koga je posadio pre samo sedam godina.
koga je posadio pre samo sedam godina.
02:20
Each year, it sends up
a new generation of shoots.
a new generation of shoots.
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Svake godine iz njega izraste
nova generacija izdanaka.
nova generacija izdanaka.
02:23
That shoot, we watched it grow a meter
in three days just last week,
in three days just last week,
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Videli smo baš prošle nedelje, izdanak
koji je izrastao metar za tri dana,
koji je izrastao metar za tri dana,
02:28
so we're talking about sustainable
timber in three years.
timber in three years.
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dakle, govorimo o održivoj građi
za tri godine.
za tri godine.
02:35
Now, we harvest from hundreds
of family-owned clumps.
of family-owned clumps.
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Otkupljujemo građu
iz stotina porodičnih gajeva.
iz stotina porodičnih gajeva.
02:38
Betung, as we call it, it's really long,
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Betung, kako ga zovemo,
veoma je dug,
veoma je dug,
02:41
up to 18 meters of usable length.
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do 18 metara upotrebljive dužine.
02:42
Try getting that truck down the mountain.
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Pokušajte da spustite
taj kamion niz planinu.
taj kamion niz planinu.
02:45
And it's strong: it has
the tensile strength of steel,
the tensile strength of steel,
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I jak je: ima snagu istegljivosti,
poput čelika,
poput čelika,
02:49
the compressive strength of concrete.
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kompresivnu snagu betona.
02:51
Slam four tons straight down on a pole,
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Izvršite udar od četiri tone
direktno na stubac
direktno na stubac
02:54
and it can take it.
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i on će odoleti.
02:57
Because it's hollow, it's lightweight,
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Jer je šupalj, jer je lak,
03:00
light enough to be lifted
by just a few men,
by just a few men,
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dovoljno lak da ga može podići
svega nekoliko ljudi,
svega nekoliko ljudi,
03:03
or, apparently, one woman.
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ili, očito, jedna žena.
03:06
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(Smeh) (Aplauz)
03:14
And when my father
built Green School in Bali,
built Green School in Bali,
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A kada je moj otac sagradio
Zelenu školu na Baliju,
Zelenu školu na Baliju,
03:18
he chose bamboo for all
of the buildings on campus,
of the buildings on campus,
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izabrao je bambus za sve
zgrade na kampusu
zgrade na kampusu
03:21
because he saw it as a promise.
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jer mu je delovao obećavajuće.
03:23
It's a promise to the kids.
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To je obećanje deci.
03:25
It's one sustainable material
that they will not run out of.
that they will not run out of.
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To je održiv materijal
koga im neće ponestati.
koga im neće ponestati.
03:30
And when I first saw these structures
under construction about six years ago,
under construction about six years ago,
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I kada sam prvi put videla ove građevine
u izgradnji, pre otprilike šest godina,
u izgradnji, pre otprilike šest godina,
03:34
I just thought, this makes perfect sense.
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samo sam pomislila
kako je ovo potpuno smisleno.
kako je ovo potpuno smisleno.
03:38
It is growing all around us.
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On raste svuda oko nas.
03:40
It's strong. It's elegant.
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Jak je, elegantan.
03:43
It's earthquake-resistant.
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Otporan je na zemljotrese.
03:45
Why hasn't this happened sooner,
and what can we do with it next?
and what can we do with it next?
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Zašto se ovo tek sad dešava
i šta možemo dalje da uradimo s njim?
i šta možemo dalje da uradimo s njim?
03:49
So along with some of
the original builders of Green School,
the original builders of Green School,
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Pa sam sa još nekim
od prvobitnih graditelja Zelene škole
od prvobitnih graditelja Zelene škole
03:54
I founded Ibuku.
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osnovala Ibuku.
03:56
Ibu means "mother," and ku means "mine,"
so it represents my Mother Earth,
so it represents my Mother Earth,
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Ibu znači "majka", a ku znači "moja",
pa to znači moja majka Zemlja,
pa to znači moja majka Zemlja,
04:02
and at Ibuku, we are a team
of artisans, architects and designers,
of artisans, architects and designers,
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a mi u Ibukuu smo ekipa
zanatlija, arhitekata i dizajnera,
zanatlija, arhitekata i dizajnera,
04:07
and what we're doing together
is creating a new way of building.
is creating a new way of building.
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i zajedno stvaramo novi način izgradnje.
04:12
Over the past five years together,
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U proteklih pet godina zajedničkog rada
04:14
we have built over 50 unique structures,
most of them in Bali.
most of them in Bali.
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sagradili smo preko 50
unikatnih građevina, uglavnom na Baliju.
unikatnih građevina, uglavnom na Baliju.
04:20
Nine of them are at Green Village --
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Devet je u Zelenom selu -
04:23
you've just seen inside
some of these homes --
some of these homes --
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upravo ste videli unutrašnjost
nekih od ovih domova -
nekih od ovih domova -
04:26
and we fill them with bespoke furniture,
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i popunjavamo ih nameštajem po narudžbi,
04:30
we surround them with veggie gardens,
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okružujemo ih baštama s povrćem.
04:32
we would love to invite you all
to come visit someday.
to come visit someday.
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Voleli bi da vas sve pozovemo
da nas posetite nekada.
da nas posetite nekada.
04:35
And while you're there,
you can also see Green School --
you can also see Green School --
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I dok ste tamo, možete da posetite
Zelenu školu -
Zelenu školu -
04:38
we keep building
classrooms there each year --
classrooms there each year --
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nastavljamo sa izgradnjom učionica
svake godine -
svake godine -
04:41
as well as an updated
fairy mushroom house.
fairy mushroom house.
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kao i dom u unapređenoj vilinskoj pečurci.
04:46
We're also working on
a little house for export.
a little house for export.
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Takođe radimo na kućici za izvoz.
04:49
This is a traditional Sumbanese home
that we replicated,
that we replicated,
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Ovo je tradicionalni sumbanijski dom,
koji smo kopirali,
koji smo kopirali,
04:53
right down to the details and textiles.
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skoro do detalja i materijala.
04:57
A restaurant
with an open-air kitchen.
with an open-air kitchen.
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Restoran sa kuhinjom na otvorenom.
05:01
It looks a lot like a kitchen, right?
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Poprilično liči na kuhinju, zar ne?
05:04
And a bridge that spans
22 meters across a river.
22 meters across a river.
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I most koji se pruža 22 metra preko reke.
05:09
Now, what we're doing,
it's not entirely new.
it's not entirely new.
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Sad, ono što mi radimo
nije u potpunosti novina.
nije u potpunosti novina.
05:13
From little huts to elaborate bridges
like this one in Java,
like this one in Java,
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Od kolibica do kompleksnih mostova,
poput ovoga na Javi,
poput ovoga na Javi,
05:18
bamboo has been in use across
the tropical regions of the world
the tropical regions of the world
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bambus je u upotrebi
u ovim tropskim delovima sveta
u ovim tropskim delovima sveta
05:21
for literally tens of thousands of years.
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već 10 000 godina, bukvalno.
05:24
There are islands and even continents
that were first reached by bamboo rafts.
that were first reached by bamboo rafts.
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Postoje ostrva, čak i kontinenti na koje
su prvo stigli splavovi od bambusa.
su prvo stigli splavovi od bambusa.
05:30
But until recently,
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No sve do nedavno,
05:32
it was almost impossible to reliably
protect bamboo from insects,
protect bamboo from insects,
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skoro da je bilo nemoguće
pouzdano zaštititi bambus od insekata
pouzdano zaštititi bambus od insekata
05:37
and so, just about everything
that was ever built out of bamboo is gone.
that was ever built out of bamboo is gone.
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i stoga, skoro da sve što je ikada
napravljeno od bambusa, nestalo je.
napravljeno od bambusa, nestalo je.
05:42
Unprotected bamboo weathers.
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Nezaštićen bambus vene.
05:44
Untreated bamboo gets eaten to dust.
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Netretiran bambus će biti u prah pojeden.
05:48
And so that's why most people,
especially in Asia,
especially in Asia,
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Zato ljudi većinom, naročito u Aziji,
05:51
think that you couldn't be poor enough
or rural enough to actually want
or rural enough to actually want
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misle da ne možete da budete dovoljno
siromašni ili ruralni da biste želeli
siromašni ili ruralni da biste želeli
05:55
to live in a bamboo house.
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da živite u kući od bambusa.
05:58
And so we thought,
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Pa smo pomislili,
05:59
what will it take to change their minds,
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kako da im promenimo mišljenje,
06:02
to convince people
that bamboo is worth building with,
that bamboo is worth building with,
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da ubedimo ljude
da vredi graditi od bambusa,
da vredi graditi od bambusa,
06:05
much less worth aspiring to?
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a kamoli da vredi težiti tome?
06:08
First, we needed safe treatment solutions.
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Prvo su nam bili potrebni
bezbedni rastvori za tretman.
bezbedni rastvori za tretman.
06:11
Borax is a natural salt.
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Boraks je prirodna so.
06:13
It turns bamboo into
a viable building material.
a viable building material.
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Od nje bambus postaje
pouzdan materijal za gradnju.
pouzdan materijal za gradnju.
06:15
Treat it properly, design it carefully,
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Tretirajte je kako treba,
dizajnirajte je oprezno
dizajnirajte je oprezno
06:18
and a bamboo structure
can last a lifetime.
can last a lifetime.
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i građevina od bambusa
će da vam traje doživotno.
će da vam traje doživotno.
06:22
Second, build something
extraordinary out of it.
extraordinary out of it.
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Zatim, napravite
nešto izvanredno od njega.
nešto izvanredno od njega.
06:26
Inspire people.
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Inspirišite ljude.
06:28
Fortunately,
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Srećom,
06:29
Balinese culture fosters craftsmanship.
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kultura na Baliju gaji umešnost.
06:31
It values the artisan.
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Ceni majstore.
06:33
So combine those
with the adventurous outliers
with the adventurous outliers
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Zato ih kombinujte sa
avanturistima izvanjcima
avanturistima izvanjcima
06:35
from new generations
of locally trained architects
of locally trained architects
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iz novih generacija arhitekata
koje su obučavali lokalci
koje su obučavali lokalci
06:39
and designers and engineers,
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i dizajnerima i inženjerima,
06:42
and always remember that you are designing
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i uvek imajte na umu da dizajnirate
06:45
for curving, tapering, hollow poles.
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za krivudave, šiljaste, šuplje stupce.
06:49
No two poles alike, no straight lines,
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Ne postoje dva ista stupca,
nema pravih linija,
nema pravih linija,
06:52
no two-by-fours here.
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zaboravite na grede.
06:55
The tried-and-true, well-crafted formulas
and vocabulary of architecture
and vocabulary of architecture
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Oprobane, dobro osmišljene formule
i rečnik arhitekture
i rečnik arhitekture
07:00
do not apply here.
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je ovde neprimenljiv.
07:01
We have had to invent our own rules.
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Morali smo da izmislimo sopstvena pravila.
07:03
We ask the bamboo what it's good at,
what it wants to become,
what it wants to become,
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Pitamo bambus za šta je dobar,
šta želi da bude,
šta želi da bude,
07:08
and what it says is: respect it,
design for its strengths,
design for its strengths,
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a on nam kaže: da ga poštujemo,
da dizajniramo za njegove kvalitete,
da dizajniramo za njegove kvalitete,
07:12
protect it from water,
and to make the most of its curves.
and to make the most of its curves.
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da ga zaštitimo od vode
i da iskoristimo njegove zavoje.
i da iskoristimo njegove zavoje.
07:16
So we design in real 3D,
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Zato dizajniramo u realnom 3D-u,
07:18
making scale structural models
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pravimo srazmernu maketu građevine
07:20
out of the same material
that we'll later use to build the house.
that we'll later use to build the house.
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od istog materijala koga ćemo kasnije
koristiti da gradimo kuću.
koristiti da gradimo kuću.
07:23
And bamboo model-making, it's an art,
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A pravljenje maketa
od bambusa je umetnost,
od bambusa je umetnost,
07:25
as well as some hardcore engineering.
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kao što je i tvrdokorni inženjering.
07:34
So that's the blueprint of the house.
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Dakle, ovo je nacrt kuće.
07:36
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
07:39
And we bring it to site,
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Donesemo ga na mesto gradnje,
07:40
and with tiny rulers,
we measure each pole,
we measure each pole,
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malim lenjirima merimo svaki stubac,
07:43
and consider each curve, and we choose
a piece of bamboo from the pile
a piece of bamboo from the pile
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uzimamo u obzir svaki zavoj,
i izaberemo komad bambusa s hrpe
i izaberemo komad bambusa s hrpe
07:48
to replicate that house on site.
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kako bismo iskopirali tu kuću.
07:52
When it comes down to the details,
we consider everything.
we consider everything.
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Kada su u pitanju detalji, na sve mislimo.
07:55
Why are doors so often rectangular?
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Zašto su vrata najčešće pravougaona?
07:57
Why not round?
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Zašto ne okrugla?
07:58
How could you make a door better?
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Kako da unapredite vrata?
08:00
Well, its hinges battle with gravity,
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Pa, njihove šarke se bore s gravitacijom,
08:02
and gravity will always win in the end,
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a gravitacija na kraju uvek pobeđuje,
08:04
so why not have it pivot on the center
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zašto ih ne bismo učvrstili u središtu
08:07
where it can stay balanced?
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kako bi održavala ravnotežu?
08:09
And while you're at it,
why not doors shaped like teardrops?
why not doors shaped like teardrops?
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A kad smo stigli dotle,
zašto ne bismo imali vrata u obliku suza?
zašto ne bismo imali vrata u obliku suza?
08:14
To reap the selective benefits
and work within the constraints
and work within the constraints
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Da bismo imali selektivnu korist,
radeći u okviru ograničenja
radeći u okviru ograničenja
08:17
of this material,
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ovog materijala,
08:19
we have really had to push ourselves,
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morali smo da se zaista potrudimo,
08:21
and within that constraint,
we have found space for something new.
we have found space for something new.
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a u okviru tih ograničenja
pronašli smo prostor za nešto novo.
pronašli smo prostor za nešto novo.
08:27
It's a challenge: how
do you make a ceiling
do you make a ceiling
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To je izazov: kako da napravite plafon,
08:29
if you don't have any
flat boards to work with?
flat boards to work with?
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ako nemate nikakve ravne daske
koje biste upotrebili?
koje biste upotrebili?
08:32
Let me tell you, sometimes I dream
of sheet rock and plywood.
of sheet rock and plywood.
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Da vam kažem, ponekad sanjam
o kamenoj ploči i iverici.
o kamenoj ploči i iverici.
08:37
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
08:39
But if what you've got
is skilled craftsmen
is skilled craftsmen
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Ali kada imate spretne majstore
08:43
and itsy bitsy little splits,
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i sićušno, majušno raskoljeno šiblje,
08:46
weave that ceiling together,
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ispletite taj plafon,
08:48
stretch a canvas over it, lacquer it.
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razvucite kanafas preko njega,
lakirajte ga.
lakirajte ga.
08:51
How do you design durable
kitchen countertops
kitchen countertops
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Kako da dizajnirate izdržljive
kuhinjske radne površine
kuhinjske radne površine
08:54
that do justice to this curving
structure you've just built?
structure you've just built?
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koje će da idu uz ovu zakrivljenu
građevinu koju ste upravo sagradili?
građevinu koju ste upravo sagradili?
08:57
Slice up a boulder like a loaf of bread,
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Rasecite oblutak kao parče hleba,
09:00
hand-carve each to fit the other,
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ručno oblikujte svaki,
kako bi se uklopili,
kako bi se uklopili,
09:03
leave the crusts on,
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ostavite koru,
09:05
and what we're doing,
it is almost entirely handmade.
it is almost entirely handmade.
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a ono što mi radimo je
skoro u potpunosti ručni rad.
skoro u potpunosti ručni rad.
09:09
The structural connections
of our buildings
of our buildings
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Sastavne veze naših zgrada
su pojačane čeličnim zglavcima,
09:11
are reinforced by steel joints, but we use
a lot of hand-whittled bamboo pins.
a lot of hand-whittled bamboo pins.
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ali koristimo mnogo
ručno brušenih bambusovih čivija.
ručno brušenih bambusovih čivija.
09:16
There are thousands of pins in each floor.
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Ima na hiljade čivija u svakom podu.
09:20
This floor is made of glossy
and durable bamboo skin.
and durable bamboo skin.
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Ovaj pod je napravljen od glatke
i izdržljive bambusove kore.
i izdržljive bambusove kore.
09:25
You can feel the texture under bare feet.
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Možete da osetite teksturu
pod bosim nogama.
pod bosim nogama.
09:28
And the floor that you walk on,
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A može li pod po kojem hodate
09:31
can it affect the way that you walk?
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da utiče na to kako hodate?
09:33
Can it change the footprint
that you'll ultimately leave on the world?
that you'll ultimately leave on the world?
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Može li da promeni tragove
koje ćete konačno ostaviti na svetu?
koje ćete konačno ostaviti na svetu?
09:38
I remember being nine years old
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Sećam se kada sam imala devet godina
09:40
and feeling wonder,
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i osećala sam divljenje
09:42
and possibility,
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i mogućnost
09:44
and a little bit of idealism.
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i bila sam pomalo idealista.
09:46
And we've got a really long way to go,
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I zaista je dug put pred nama,
09:49
there's a lot left to learn,
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ima mnogo toga da se nauči,
09:51
but one thing I know is that
with creativity and commitment,
with creativity and commitment,
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ali jedno znam, a to je da
uz kreativnost i posvećenost
uz kreativnost i posvećenost
09:56
you can create beauty and comfort
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možete da stvorite lepotu i udobnost
10:01
and safety and even luxury
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i sigurnost, pa čak i luksuz
10:04
out of a material that will grow back.
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od materijala koji će ponovo da naraste.
10:07
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
10:09
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Elora Hardy - Sustainable designerCultivating the power of sustainable materials, Elora Hardy leads Ibuku, creating bespoke bamboo homes in her native Bali.
Why you should listen
Growing up in Bali with two artist parents, Elora Hardy’s creativity led her to design prints for one of New York's biggest fashion houses. Then, in a dramatic shift, she moved back home and founded Ibuku, a team that builds bespoke homes made and furnished almost entirely of bamboo.
The strength of this abundant local grass allows for towering, curvilinear structures with a notable sense of luminosity and comfort. Ibuku builds on a design process and an engineering system that were first established at the nearby Green School. Five years ago, Elora and her team chose one humble material, and with it they are building a whole new world.
Elora Hardy | Speaker | TED.com