TED2008
Gregory Petsko: The coming neurological epidemic
Gregori Petsko o predstojećoj neurološkoj epidemiji
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Biohemičar Gregori Petsko izlaže ubeđujući argument da ćemo, u sledećih 50 godina, videti epidemiju neuroloških bolesti, kao što je Alchajmerova bolest, kako svetska populacija stari. Njegovo rešenje: više istraživanja o mozgu i njegovim funkcijama.
Gregory Petsko - Bioengineer
Gregory Petsko is a biochemist who studies the proteins of the body and their biochemical function. Working with Dagmar Ringe, he's doing pioneering work in the way we look at proteins and what they do. Full bio
Gregory Petsko is a biochemist who studies the proteins of the body and their biochemical function. Working with Dagmar Ringe, he's doing pioneering work in the way we look at proteins and what they do. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
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Unless we do something to prevent it,
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Ukoliko ne uradimo nešto da je sprečimo,
00:14
over the next 40 years we’re facing an epidemic
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u sledećih 40 godina srešćemo se sa epidemijom
00:17
of neurologic diseases on a global scale.
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neuroloških bolesti na globalnom nivou.
00:20
A cheery thought.
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Živahna misao.
00:24
On this map, every country that’s colored blue
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Na ovoj mapi, svaka zemlja koja je obojena plavo
00:27
has more than 20 percent of its population over the age of 65.
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ima više od 20% svoje populacije starosti preko 65 godina.
00:31
This is the world we live in.
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Ovo je svet u kome živimo.
00:33
And this is the world your children will live in.
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Ovo je svet u kome će vaša deca živeti.
00:37
For 12,000 years, the distribution of ages in the human population
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12 000 godina, distribucija starosti ljudske populacije
00:41
has looked like a pyramid, with the oldest on top.
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je izgledala kao piramida, sa najstarijima na vrhu.
00:44
It’s already flattening out.
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Ona se već ravna.
00:46
By 2050, it’s going to be a column and will start to invert.
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Do 2050., postaće kolona i počeće da se obrće.
00:50
This is why it’s happening.
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Evo zašto se to događa.
00:53
The average lifespan’s more than doubled since 1840,
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Prosečan životni vek se više nego udvostručio od 1840.
00:56
and it’s increasing currently at the rate of about five hours every day.
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i trenutno se povećava po stopi od oko 5 sati svakog dana.
01:01
And this is why that’s not entirely a good thing:
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A evo zašto to nije u potpunosti dobra stvar:
01:04
because over the age of 65, your risk of getting Alzheimer’s
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zato što sa preko 65 godina starosti, vaš rizik da dobijete Alchajmerovu
01:08
or Parkinson’s disease will increase exponentially.
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ili Parkinsonovu bolest će porasti eksponencijalno.
01:12
By 2050, there’ll be about 32 million people in the United States
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Do 2050. biće otprilike 32 miliona ljudi u Sjedinjenim Državama
01:16
over the age of 80, and unless we do something about it,
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preko 80 godina starosti i ako ne uradimo ništa povodom toga
01:19
half of them will have Alzheimer’s disease
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pola njih će imati Alchajmerovu bolest,
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and three million more will have Parkinson’s disease.
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a 3 miliona više će imati Parkinsonovu bolest.
01:24
Right now, those and other neurologic diseases --
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U ovom trenutku, te i ostale neurološke bolesti--
01:27
for which we have no cure or prevention --
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za koje nemamo lek ili preventivu--
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cost about a third of a trillion dollars a year.
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koštaju trećinu triliona dolara godišnje.
01:32
It will be well over a trillion dollars by 2050.
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I biće mnogo preko trilion dolara do 2050.
01:36
Alzheimer’s disease starts when a protein
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Alchajmerova bolest se javlja kada se protein,
01:38
that should be folded up properly
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koji bi tebalo da bude pravilno presavijen,
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misfolds into a kind of demented origami.
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pogrešno presavije u vrstu ludog origamija.
01:44
So one approach we’re taking is to try to design drugs
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Dakle, jedno od pristupa je da probamo da napravimo lekove
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that function like molecular Scotch tape,
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koji funkcionišu kao molekularni selotejp,
01:50
to hold the protein into its proper shape.
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da drže protein u pravom obliku.
01:53
That would keep it from forming the tangles
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To bi trebalo da ga spreči da ne pravi zaplete
01:55
that seem to kill large sections of the brain when they do.
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koji, čini se, ubijaju velike delove mozga kada to rade.
01:59
Interestingly enough, other neurologic diseases
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Zanimljivo je da, druge neurološke bolesti
02:01
which affect very different parts of the brain
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koje imaju uticaj na različite delove mozga,
02:04
also show tangles of misfolded protein,
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takođe pokazuju te zaplete pogrešno presavijenog proteina,
02:07
which suggests that the approach might be a general one,
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što sugerira da bi ovaj pristup možda bio generalan
02:10
and might be used to cure many neurologic diseases,
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i da bi se mogao koristiti u izlečenju mnogih neuroloških oboljenja,
02:12
not just Alzheimer’s disease.
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a ne samo Alchajmerove bolesti.
02:14
There’s also a fascinating connection to cancer here,
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Takođe postoji fascinantna veza sa rakom,
02:17
because people with neurologic diseases
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zato što ljudi sa neurološkim bolestima
02:19
have a very low incidence of most cancers.
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imaju veoma nisku učestalost većine rakova.
02:22
And this is a connection that most people aren’t pursuing right now,
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Ovo je veza koju većina ljudi trenutno ne sledi,
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but which we’re fascinated by.
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ali kojom smo fascinirani.
02:28
Most of the important and all of the creative work in this area
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Većinu značajnih i sve kreativne radove u ovoj oblasti
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is being funded by private philanthropies.
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finansiraju privatni filantropi.
02:34
And there’s tremendous scope for additional private help here,
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Postoji ogroman obim dodatne privatne pomoći ovde,
02:37
because the government has dropped the ball on much of this, I’m afraid.
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zato što je vlada, bojim se, odustala od mnogo ovakvih stvari.
02:40
In the meantime, while we’re waiting for all these things to happen,
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U međuvremenu, dok čekamo na sve ove stvari da se dese,
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here’s what you can do for yourself.
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evo šta možete da uradite za sebe.
02:46
If you want to lower your risk of Parkinson’s disease,
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Ako želite da smanjite svoj rizik od dobijanja Parkinsonove bolesti,
02:48
caffeine is protective to some extent; nobody knows why.
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kofein je donekle zaštićujući, niko ne zna zašto.
02:53
Head injuries are bad for you. They lead to Parkinson’s disease.
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Povrede glave su loše za vas. One vode Parkinsonovoj bolesti.
02:56
And the Avian Flu is also not a good idea.
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A ni ptičiji grip nije dobra ideja.
03:01
As far as protecting yourself against Alzheimer’s disease,
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A što se tiče zaštite od Alhcajmerove bolesti,
03:04
well, it turns out that fish oil has the effect
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pa, ispostavlja se da riblje ulje ima efekat
03:07
of reducing your risk for Alzheimer’s disease.
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smanjenja vašeg rizika da obolite od Alchajmerove bolesti.
03:10
You should also keep your blood pressure down,
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Takođe bi trebalo da držite svoj krvni pritisak nisko,
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because chronic high blood pressure
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zato što hronični visok krvni pritisak
03:14
is the biggest single risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease.
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predstavlja najveći pojedinačan faktor rizika za Alchajmerovu bolest.
03:16
It’s also the biggest risk factor for glaucoma,
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Takođe je najveći rizik za glaukom,
03:19
which is just Alzheimer’s disease of the eye.
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Što je Alchajmerova bolest oka.
03:22
And of course, when it comes to cognitive effects,
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I naravno, kada se radi o kognitivnim efektima,
03:24
"use it or lose it" applies,
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"koristite ga ili ćete ga uzgubiti" se može primeniti,
03:26
so you want to stay mentally stimulated.
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dakle želite da ostanete mentalno stimulirani.
03:28
But hey, you’re listening to me.
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Ali evo, slušate me.
03:30
So you’ve got that covered.
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Tako da ste to pokrili.
03:32
And one final thing. Wish people like me luck, okay?
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Još jedna stvar za kraj. Poželite ljudima kao što sam ja sreću, važi?
03:36
Because the clock is ticking for all of us.
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Zato što sat kuca za sve nas.
03:38
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Gregory Petsko - BioengineerGregory Petsko is a biochemist who studies the proteins of the body and their biochemical function. Working with Dagmar Ringe, he's doing pioneering work in the way we look at proteins and what they do.
Why you should listen
Gregory Petsko's own biography, on his Brandeis faculty homepage, might seem intimidatingly abstruse to the non-biochemist -- he studies "the structural basis for efficient enzymic catalysis of proton and hydride transfer; the role of the metal ions in bridged bimetalloenzyme active sites; direct visualization of proteins in action by time-resolved protein crystallography; the evolution of new enzyme activities from old ones; and the biology of the quiescent state in eukaryotic cells."
But for someone so deeply in touch with the minutest parts of our bodies, Petsko is also a wide-ranging mind, concerned about larger health policy issues. The effect of mass population shifts -- such as our current trend toward a senior-citizen society -- maps onto his world of tiny proteins to create a compeling new worldview.
Gregory Petsko | Speaker | TED.com