TED2008
Gregory Petsko: The coming neurological epidemic
Gregory Petsko kelayotgan Neyrologik epidemiya haqida
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Bioximik Gregory Petsko kelayotgan 50 yil ichida odamlar qarigan sari sodir bo'ladigan Alzgeymer kabi nevrologik kasalliklar, epidemiyasi haqida ishonarli ma'ruza qiladi. Uning yechimi: Miya va uning vazifalari haqida ko'proq ilmiy ish qilish.
Gregory Petsko - Bioengineer
Gregory Petsko is a biochemist who studies the proteins of the body and their biochemical function. Working with Dagmar Ringe, he's doing pioneering work in the way we look at proteins and what they do. Full bio
Gregory Petsko is a biochemist who studies the proteins of the body and their biochemical function. Working with Dagmar Ringe, he's doing pioneering work in the way we look at proteins and what they do. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Unless we do something to prevent it,
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Biz buning oldini olish uchun biror chora ko'rmasak
00:14
over the next 40 years we’re facing an epidemic
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kelasi 40 yil ichida biz epidemiyaga yuzma-yuz turamiz
00:17
of neurologic diseases on a global scale.
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ya'ni dunyo miqyosidagi neyrologik epidemiya.
00:20
A cheery thought.
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Kayfiyat ko'taradigan fikr. ( ko'chma ma'noda)
00:24
On this map, every country that’s colored blue
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Bu xaritada, ko'k rangdagi har bir davlat
00:27
has more than 20 percent of its population over the age of 65.
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aholisining 20% dan ortig'i 65 yoshdan katta
00:31
This is the world we live in.
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Bu biz yashayotgan olam.
00:33
And this is the world your children will live in.
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Va bu esa sizning bolalarimiz yashaydigan dunyo.
00:37
For 12,000 years, the distribution of ages in the human population
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12,000 yil ichida, inson aholisi orasida yosh taqsimoti
00:41
has looked like a pyramid, with the oldest on top.
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piramidaga o'xshagan edi, keksalar yuqorida edi.
00:44
It’s already flattening out.
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endi esa u tekislanib kelayapti.
00:46
By 2050, it’s going to be a column and will start to invert.
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2050 chi yilga borib, bu ustun teskari tomonga o'zgara boshlaydi.
00:50
This is why it’s happening.
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Buni sababi quyidagiday.
00:53
The average lifespan’s more than doubled since 1840,
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1840 yildan beri o'rta hisobdagi umr uzoqligi 2 marta uzaydi.
00:56
and it’s increasing currently at the rate of about five hours every day.
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va har kuni bu 5 soat hisobida uzayib bormoqda.
01:01
And this is why that’s not entirely a good thing:
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Va buning yaxshi narsa emasligi sabab:
01:04
because over the age of 65, your risk of getting Alzheimer’s
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65 yoshdan oshgandan so'ng Alzgeymr kasalligiga chalinish kuchayadi
01:08
or Parkinson’s disease will increase exponentially.
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va Parkinson ksalligi ham eksponent bo'yicha oshadi.
01:12
By 2050, there’ll be about 32 million people in the United States
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2050 chi yilga borib AQSHda 32 million kishi
01:16
over the age of 80, and unless we do something about it,
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80 yoshdan oshadi, agar biz biror chora ko'rmasak,
01:19
half of them will have Alzheimer’s disease
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ularning yarimi Alzgeymer kasalligiga chalinadi
01:21
and three million more will have Parkinson’s disease.
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va 3 milliondan ko'pi Parkisons kasalligiga duchor bo'ladi.
01:24
Right now, those and other neurologic diseases --
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Hozirda, bular va boshqa neyrologik kasalliklar-
01:27
for which we have no cure or prevention --
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-bizda oldini olib yoki davolab bo'lmaydigan kassalliklar-
01:30
cost about a third of a trillion dollars a year.
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yiliga trillion dollarning 3 dan bir qismini sarf qiladi.
01:32
It will be well over a trillion dollars by 2050.
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2050 yilga borib bu son trilliondan ham oshadi.
01:36
Alzheimer’s disease starts when a protein
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Alzgeymer kasalligi boshlanishi oqsil
01:38
that should be folded up properly
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kerakligicha shakllanmaydi
01:40
misfolds into a kind of demented origami.
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va u qiyshiq origamiga o'xhshab yig'iladi.
01:44
So one approach we’re taking is to try to design drugs
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Bir chora bu shunday dorilarni ishlab chiqish kerakki
01:47
that function like molecular Scotch tape,
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u xuddi molekulyar darajada skotchga o'xhsab ishlash kerak.
01:50
to hold the protein into its proper shape.
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va oqsilni kerakli shaklda ushlab turadi.
01:53
That would keep it from forming the tangles
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Ular oqsilni chalkashib o'ralib qolishdan saqlaydi
01:55
that seem to kill large sections of the brain when they do.
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bu o'zgarishlar miyaning katta qismlarini nobud qiladigan ko'rinadi.
01:59
Interestingly enough, other neurologic diseases
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Shunisi qiziqki, boshqa neyrologik kasalliklar
02:01
which affect very different parts of the brain
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miyaning boshqa turli qismlariga ta'sir etadi
02:04
also show tangles of misfolded protein,
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va ular ham o'ralib qolgan, noto'gri yig'ilgan oqsillarga ega.
02:07
which suggests that the approach might be a general one,
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Bu degani ular bir umumiy usulda rivojlanishi mumkin deganidir.
02:10
and might be used to cure many neurologic diseases,
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va ko'pgina neyrologik kasalliklarni davolash mumkin degani,
02:12
not just Alzheimer’s disease.
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va nafaqat Alzgeymer's kassaligini.
02:14
There’s also a fascinating connection to cancer here,
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Bu yerda yana, rak ( saraton) ga aloqa bor
02:17
because people with neurologic diseases
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chunki neyrologik kasaliga duchor bo'lgan odamlarda
02:19
have a very low incidence of most cancers.
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rak kam uchraydi.
02:22
And this is a connection that most people aren’t pursuing right now,
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Bu aloqani hozirda ko'pchilik nazarga olmayapti,
02:25
but which we’re fascinated by.
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lekin biz bundan juda ajablanamiz.
02:28
Most of the important and all of the creative work in this area
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bu sohadagi Eng muhim va o'zgacha ish
02:31
is being funded by private philanthropies.
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shaxsiy filantroplar tomonidan moliyaviy jihatdan homiylik qilinadi.
02:34
And there’s tremendous scope for additional private help here,
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Va bu yerda juda katta miqdorda shaxsiy mablag'lar yordam qiladi,
02:37
because the government has dropped the ball on much of this, I’m afraid.
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chunki, davlat bu sohaga yordam qilishda sal susaygan deb qo'rqaman.
02:40
In the meantime, while we’re waiting for all these things to happen,
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Bu paytda, biz bu narsalarning hammasining sodir bo'lishini kutayapmiz,
02:44
here’s what you can do for yourself.
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va siz o'zingiz uchun quyidagicha qilishingiz mumkin.
02:46
If you want to lower your risk of Parkinson’s disease,
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Agar siz Parkinson kasalligining xavfini kamaytirish uchun
02:48
caffeine is protective to some extent; nobody knows why.
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kafein ma'lim bir darajada muhofaza qiladi, nima uchun hech kim bilmaydi.
02:53
Head injuries are bad for you. They lead to Parkinson’s disease.
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Bosh lat yeyishi yomon. Parkinson kasalligi uchun.
02:56
And the Avian Flu is also not a good idea.
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Qush gripi ham yaxhshi emas.
03:01
As far as protecting yourself against Alzheimer’s disease,
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Alzgeymers kasalligidan himoya qilish uchun esa
03:04
well, it turns out that fish oil has the effect
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baliq yog'i yaxhshi ta'sir qiladi
03:07
of reducing your risk for Alzheimer’s disease.
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va Alzgeymer kasalligiga duchor bo'lish xavfini kamaytiradi.
03:10
You should also keep your blood pressure down,
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Yana qon bosimimngizni pastroq qilib turgan yaxhshi
03:12
because chronic high blood pressure
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chunki uzoq muddatga cho'zilgan surunkali qon bosimi
03:14
is the biggest single risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease.
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Alzgeymers kasalligi uchun eng katta xavf hisoblanadi
03:16
It’s also the biggest risk factor for glaucoma,
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Va u yana Galukoma ga olib keluvchi eng katta xavfdir.
03:19
which is just Alzheimer’s disease of the eye.
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Galukoma bu huddi ko'zning Alzgeymer kasalligiday.
03:22
And of course, when it comes to cognitive effects,
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va albatta, ong uchun ta'siri
03:24
"use it or lose it" applies,
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"ishlat yoki yo'qot" deganday
03:26
so you want to stay mentally stimulated.
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va shuning uchun siz ongni ishlab turishini hohlaysiz.
03:28
But hey, you’re listening to me.
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Lekin, siz meni tinglayapsiz
03:30
So you’ve got that covered.
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demak siz qo'rmasangiz ham bo'ladi.
03:32
And one final thing. Wish people like me luck, okay?
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Va oxirgisi, menga o'xshagan odamlarga omad tilang, xo'pmi?
03:36
Because the clock is ticking for all of us.
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chunki hammamiz uchun ham soat, vaqt o'tib borayapti.
03:38
Thank you.
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Rahmat.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Gregory Petsko - BioengineerGregory Petsko is a biochemist who studies the proteins of the body and their biochemical function. Working with Dagmar Ringe, he's doing pioneering work in the way we look at proteins and what they do.
Why you should listen
Gregory Petsko's own biography, on his Brandeis faculty homepage, might seem intimidatingly abstruse to the non-biochemist -- he studies "the structural basis for efficient enzymic catalysis of proton and hydride transfer; the role of the metal ions in bridged bimetalloenzyme active sites; direct visualization of proteins in action by time-resolved protein crystallography; the evolution of new enzyme activities from old ones; and the biology of the quiescent state in eukaryotic cells."
But for someone so deeply in touch with the minutest parts of our bodies, Petsko is also a wide-ranging mind, concerned about larger health policy issues. The effect of mass population shifts -- such as our current trend toward a senior-citizen society -- maps onto his world of tiny proteins to create a compeling new worldview.
Gregory Petsko | Speaker | TED.com