TEDGlobal 2010
Sheryl WuDunn: Our century's greatest injustice
Šeril VuDunn: Najveća nepravda našeg veka
Filmed:
Readability: 3.4
1,194,863 views
Knjiga Šeril VuDunn, "Polovina neba", istražuje globalno ugnjetavanje žena. Njene priče šokiraju. Tek kada žene u zemljama u razvoju budu imale ravnopravan pristup obrazovanju i ekonomskim prilikama, mi ćemo koristiti sve naše ljudske resurse.
Sheryl WuDunn - Author, journalist
As a journalist reporting on China, Sheryl WuDunn saw the everyday oppression of women around the world. She and Nick Kristof wrote "Half the Sky," chronicling women's stories of horror and, especially, hope. Full bio
As a journalist reporting on China, Sheryl WuDunn saw the everyday oppression of women around the world. She and Nick Kristof wrote "Half the Sky," chronicling women's stories of horror and, especially, hope. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
The global challenge that I want to talk to you about today
0
1000
3000
Globalni izazov o kojem želim da vam govorim danas
00:19
rarely makes the front pages.
1
4000
2000
retko kada dospeva na naslovnu stranu.
00:21
It, however, is enormous
2
6000
3000
A opet, to je ogromno
00:24
in both scale and importance.
3
9000
3000
u oba smisla, obimu i značaju.
00:27
Look, you all are very well traveled;
4
12000
3000
Vidite, svi ste vi sigurno dosta proputovali,
00:30
this is TEDGlobal after all.
5
15000
2000
ipak je ovo TEDGlobal.
00:32
But I do hope to take you to some places
6
17000
2000
Ali se nadam da ću vas odvesti na neka mesta
00:34
you've never been to before.
7
19000
2000
na kojima nikada ranije niste bili.
00:36
So, let's start off in China.
8
21000
2000
Dakle, hajde da počnemo u Kini.
00:38
This photo was taken two weeks ago.
9
23000
3000
Ova fotografija je napravljena pre dve nedelje.
00:41
Actually, one indication is that little boy on my husband's shoulders
10
26000
3000
Zapravo, jedna pretpostavka u vezi sa dečakom na ramenima moga muža,
00:44
has just graduated from high school.
11
29000
2000
jeste da se radi o dečaku koji je završio srednju školu.
00:46
(Laughter)
12
31000
2000
( smeh )
00:48
But this is Tiananmen Square.
13
33000
2000
Ali ovo na trgu Tjenanmen.
00:50
Many of you have been there. It's not the real China.
14
35000
3000
Mnogi od vas su bili tamo. To nije prava Kina.
00:53
Let me take you to the real China.
15
38000
2000
Dozvolite mi da vas odvedem u pravu Kinu.
00:55
This is in the Dabian Mountains
16
40000
2000
Ovo je u Dabijan planinama,
00:57
in the remote part of Hubei province in central China.
17
42000
3000
u udaljenom delu Hjubej provincije u centralnoj Kini.
01:01
Dai Manju is 13 years old at the time the story starts.
18
46000
3000
Daj Manđu je imala 13 godina u trenutku kada priča počinje.
01:04
She lives with her parents,
19
49000
2000
Živi sa svojim roditeljima,
01:06
her two brothers and her great-aunt.
20
51000
3000
dva brata i baba-tetkom.
01:09
They have a hut that has no electricity,
21
54000
2000
Imaju kolibu bez struje,
01:11
no running water,
22
56000
2000
tekuće vode,
01:13
no wristwatch, no bicycle.
23
58000
2000
bez sata, bicikla.
01:15
And they share this great splendor
24
60000
2000
I dele ovu raskoš
01:17
with a very large pig.
25
62000
3000
sa veoma velikom svinjom.
01:20
Dai Manju was in sixth grade when her parents said,
26
65000
3000
Daj Manđu je bila u šestom razredu kada su joj roditelji rekli:
01:23
"We're going to pull you out of school
27
68000
2000
"Ispisaćemo te iz škole
01:25
because the 13-dollar school fees are too much for us.
28
70000
3000
jer je školarina od 13 dolara previše za nas.
01:28
You're going to be spending the rest of your life in the rice paddies.
29
73000
2000
Ostatak svog života provešćeš na poljima riže.
01:30
Why would we waste this money on you?"
30
75000
2000
Zašto bismo trošili ovaj novac na tebe?"
01:32
This is what happens to girls in remote areas.
31
77000
3000
To se dešava devojčicama u udaljenim područjima.
01:35
Turns out that Dai Manju was
32
80000
2000
Ispostavilo se da je Daj Manđu
01:37
the best pupil in her grade.
33
82000
2000
bila najbolji učenik u svom razredu.
01:39
She still made the two-hour trek to the schoolhouse
34
84000
3000
I dalje je hodala dva sata do škole
01:42
and tried to catch every little bit of information
35
87000
3000
i pokušavala da uhvati svaku informaciju
01:45
that seeped out of the doors.
36
90000
2000
koja je prodirala kroz vrata.
01:47
We wrote about her in The New York Times.
37
92000
2000
Pisali smo o njoj u Njujork Tajmsu.
01:49
We got a flood of donations --
38
94000
3000
Dobili smo pregršt donacija -
01:52
mostly 13-dollar checks
39
97000
3000
uglavnom čekove na 13 dolara,
01:55
because New York Times readers are very generous
40
100000
2000
zato što su čitaoci Njujork Tajmsa vrlo darežljivi
01:57
in tiny amounts
41
102000
2000
u malim iznosima.
01:59
(Laughter)
42
104000
2000
( smeh )
02:01
but then, we got a money transfer
43
106000
3000
Ali onda smo dobili donaciju
02:04
for $10,000 --
44
109000
2000
od 10 000 dolara -
02:06
really nice guy.
45
111000
2000
stvarno fin momak.
02:08
We turned the money over to that man there, the principal of the school.
46
113000
3000
Predali smo novac direktoru škole.
02:11
He was delighted.
47
116000
2000
Bio je oduševljen.
02:13
He thought, "Oh, I can renovate the school.
48
118000
2000
Pomislio je: "Oh, mogu da renoviram školu.
02:15
I can give scholarships to all the girls,
49
120000
2000
Mogu da dam stipendije svim devojčicama."
02:17
you know, if they work hard and stay in school.
50
122000
2000
Znate, ako rade naporno i ostanu u školi.
02:19
So Dai Manju basically
51
124000
2000
Dakle Daj Manđu je u stvari
02:21
finished out middle school.
52
126000
2000
završila osnovnu školu.
02:23
She went to high school.
53
128000
2000
Krenula je u srednju školu.
02:25
She went to vocational school for accounting.
54
130000
2000
Pohađala je stručnu školu za računovodstvo.
02:27
She scouted for jobs down in Guangdong province in the south.
55
132000
3000
Tražila je posao na jugu, u Guangdong provinciji.
02:30
She found a job, she scouted for jobs
56
135000
2000
Našla je posao, tražila je poslove
02:32
for her classmates and her friends.
57
137000
2000
za ljude iz razreda i svoje prijatelje.
02:34
She sent money back to her family.
58
139000
3000
Slala je novac svojoj porodici.
02:37
They built a new house,
59
142000
2000
Izgradili su novu kuću,
02:39
this time with running water,
60
144000
2000
ovog puta sa tekućom vodom,
02:41
electricity, a bicycle,
61
146000
2000
strujom, biciklom,
02:43
no pig.
62
148000
2000
bez svinje.
02:45
What we saw was a natural experiment.
63
150000
3000
Ovo što smo videli je bio prirodni eksperiment.
02:48
It is rare to get an exogenous investment
64
153000
2000
Retko se dobija spoljna donacija
02:50
in girls' education.
65
155000
2000
za obrazovanje devojčica.
02:52
And over the years, as we followed Dai Manju, we were able to see
66
157000
3000
I tokom godina, prateći Daj Manđu, mogli smo da vidimo
02:55
that she was able to move out of a vicious cycle
67
160000
3000
kako je bila u stanju da pređe iz mučeničkog kruga
02:58
and into a virtuous cycle.
68
163000
2000
u dobročiniteljski.
03:00
She not only changed her own dynamic,
69
165000
2000
Ona nije promenila samo svoju dinamiku,
03:02
she changed her household, she changed her family, her village.
70
167000
3000
već i svoje domaćinstvo, porodicu, selo.
03:05
The village became a real standout.
71
170000
3000
Selo je postalo prepoznatljivo.
03:08
Of course, most of China was flourishing at the time,
72
173000
3000
Naravno, Kina je u to vreme cvetala,
03:11
but they were able to get a road built
73
176000
3000
ali su oni uspeli da izgrade put
03:14
to link them up to the rest of China.
74
179000
2000
koji ih povezuje sa ostatkom Kine.
03:16
And that brings me to my first major
75
181000
3000
I to me dovodi do mog prvog velikog
03:19
of two tenets of "Half the Sky."
76
184000
2000
od dva principa u "Polovina Neba".
03:21
And that is that
77
186000
2000
A to je da
03:23
the central moral challenge
78
188000
2000
je centralni moralni izazov
03:25
of this century
79
190000
2000
ovog stoleća
03:27
is gender inequity.
80
192000
2000
rodna neravnopravnost.
03:29
In the 19th century, it was slavery.
81
194000
2000
U 19. veku, to je bilo ropstvo.
03:31
In the 20th century, it was totalitarianism.
82
196000
3000
U 20., totalitarizam.
03:34
The cause of our time
83
199000
2000
Problem našeg vremena
03:36
is the brutality that so many people
84
201000
2000
jeste brutalnost sa kojom se toliko ljudi
03:38
face around the world because of their gender.
85
203000
3000
širom sveta susreće, zbog svog roda.
03:41
So some of you may be thinking,
86
206000
2000
Neki od vas mogu pomisliti:
03:43
"Gosh, that's hyperbole.
87
208000
2000
"Bože, to je hiperbola.
03:45
She's exaggerating."
88
210000
2000
Preteruje."
03:47
Well, let me ask you this question.
89
212000
2000
Pa, hajde da vas pitam sledeće.
03:49
How many of you think there are more males or more females in the world?
90
214000
3000
Koliko vas misli da ima više muškaraca nego žena na svetu?
03:52
Let me take a poll. How many of you think there are more males in the world?
91
217000
3000
Hajde da sprovedem anketu. Koliko vas misli da na svetu ima više muškaraca?
03:55
Hands up, please.
92
220000
2000
Podignite ruke, molim.
03:57
How many of you think -- a few -- how many of you there are more females in the world?
93
222000
3000
Koliko vas misli - nekoliko - koliko vas misli da ima više žena na svetu?
04:00
Okay, most of you.
94
225000
2000
Okej, većina vas.
04:02
Well, you know this latter group, you're wrong.
95
227000
2000
Pa, znate, ova druga grupa, niste u pravu.
04:04
There are, true enough,
96
229000
2000
Zapravo, istinu govoreći,
04:06
in Europe and the West,
97
231000
2000
u Evropi i na Zapadu,
04:08
when women and men
98
233000
2000
gde muškarci i žene
04:10
have equal access to food and health care,
99
235000
2000
imaju ravnopravan pristup hrani i zdravstvu,
04:12
there are more women, we live longer.
100
237000
2000
tada ima više žena nego muškaraca, živimo duže.
04:14
But in most of the rest of the world, that's not the case.
101
239000
3000
Ali u većini ostatka sveta, to nije slučaj.
04:17
In fact, demographers have shown
102
242000
2000
U stvari, demografi su pokazali
04:19
that there are anywhere between 60 million
103
244000
2000
da postoji između 60
04:21
and 100 million
104
246000
2000
i 100 miliona
04:23
missing females in the current population.
105
248000
3000
nestalih žena u trenutnoj populaciji.
04:26
And, you know, it happens for several reasons.
106
251000
3000
I, znate, to se dogodilo iz nekoliko razloga.
04:29
For instance, in the last half-century,
107
254000
2000
Na primer, u poslednjih pola veka,
04:31
more girls were discriminated to death
108
256000
3000
više je devojaka diskriminisano do smrti
04:34
than all the people killed on all the battlefields
109
259000
2000
nego što je ljudi poginulo na svim ratištima,
04:36
in the 20th century.
110
261000
3000
u 20. veku.
04:39
Sometimes it's also because of the sonogram.
111
264000
2000
Ponekad je i zbog sonograma.
04:41
Girls get aborted before they're even born
112
266000
3000
Devojčice se abortiraju pre nego što su rođene
04:44
when there are scarce resources.
113
269000
2000
u situacijama kada nema dovoljno resursa.
04:46
This girl here, for instance,
114
271000
2000
Ova devojčica, na primer
04:48
is in a feeding center in Ethiopia.
115
273000
2000
je u centru za ishranu u Etiopiji.
04:50
The entire center was filled with girls like her.
116
275000
3000
Čitav centar je bio ispunjen devojčicama poput nje.
04:53
What's remarkable is that her brothers, in the same family,
117
278000
3000
Ono što je zapanjujuće, njena braća, iz iste porodice,
04:56
were totally fine.
118
281000
2000
su bila potpuno u redu.
04:58
In India, in the first year of life,
119
283000
2000
U Indiji, tokom prve godine života,
05:00
from zero to one,
120
285000
2000
dakle od nula do jedan,
05:02
boy and girl babies basically survive at the same rate
121
287000
3000
broj preživelih muških i ženskih beba u suštini je isti
05:05
because they depend upon the breast,
122
290000
2000
jer one zavise od dojenja,
05:07
and the breast shows no son preference.
123
292000
2000
a dojenje ne pokazuje preferencije prema sinovima.
05:09
From one to five,
124
294000
3000
Od prve do pete,
05:12
girls die at a 50 percent higher mortality rate
125
297000
3000
50 posto više devojčica od dečaka
05:15
than boys, in all of India.
126
300000
3000
umre, u čitavoj Indiji.
05:18
The second tenet of "Half the Sky"
127
303000
3000
Druga poruka u "Polovini neba" je,
05:21
is that, let's put aside the morality of all the right and wrong of it all,
128
306000
3000
hajde da stavimo sa strane moralnost svega ispravnog i pogrešnog ovde.
05:24
and just on a purely practical level,
129
309000
3000
I samo na praktičnom nivou,
05:27
we think that
130
312000
2000
da razmislimo o tome
05:29
one of the best ways to fight poverty and to fight terrorism
131
314000
3000
da je jedan od najbojih načina borbe protiv siromaštva i terorizma
05:32
is to educate girls
132
317000
2000
obrazovanje devojčica
05:34
and to bring women into the formal labor force.
133
319000
3000
i formalno zapošljavanje žena.
05:37
Poverty, for instance.
134
322000
2000
Siromaštvo, na primer.
05:39
There are three reasons why this is the case.
135
324000
2000
Postoje tri razloga zbog čega se ovo dešava.
05:41
For one, overpopulation is one of
136
326000
2000
Pod jedan, prevelika populacija je jedan
05:43
the persistent causes of poverty.
137
328000
3000
od stalnih uzroka siromaštva.
05:46
And you know, when you educate a boy,
138
331000
2000
I znate, kada obrazujete dečaka,
05:48
his family tends to have fewer kids,
139
333000
2000
njegova porodica rađa manje dece,
05:50
but only slightly.
140
335000
2000
ali samo neznatno manje.
05:52
When you educate a girl,
141
337000
2000
Kada obrazujete devojčicu,
05:54
she tends to have significantly fewer kids.
142
339000
3000
rađaju značajno manje dece.
05:57
The second reason is
143
342000
3000
Drugi razlog je u
06:00
it has to do with spending.
144
345000
2000
vezi sa trošenjem.
06:02
It's kind of like the dirty, little secret of poverty,
145
347000
2000
To je na neki način prljava, mala tajna siromaštva,
06:04
which is that,
146
349000
2000
a to je da
06:06
not only do poor people
147
351000
2000
ne samo da siromašni ljudi
06:08
take in very little income,
148
353000
2000
zarađuju malo,
06:10
but also, the income that they take in,
149
355000
2000
već i da to što zarade,
06:12
they don't spend it very wisely,
150
357000
3000
ne potroše mudro.
06:15
and unfortunately, most of that spending is done by men.
151
360000
3000
I na nesreću, većinu toga potroše muškarci.
06:18
So research has shown,
152
363000
2000
Istraživanje je pokazalo,
06:20
if you look at people who live under two dollars a day --
153
365000
3000
ako pogledate ljude koji žive sa ispod dva dolara dnevno -
06:23
one metric of poverty --
154
368000
2000
jedno merilo siromaštva -
06:25
two percent of that take-home pay
155
370000
2000
dva posto od ovog dohotka
06:27
goes to this basket here, in education.
156
372000
3000
ode u ovu korpu ovde, obrazovanje.
06:30
20 percent goes to a basket that is a combination of
157
375000
3000
20 posto ode u kategoriju koja je kombinacija
06:33
alcohol, tobacco, sugary drinks --
158
378000
2000
alkohola, duvana, slatkih pića
06:35
and prostitution and festivals.
159
380000
3000
i prostitucije i festivala.
06:38
If you just take four percentage points
160
383000
2000
Ako oduzmete samo četiri odsto
06:40
and put it into this basket,
161
385000
2000
i stavite ih u ovu kategoriju,
06:42
you would have a transformative effect.
162
387000
3000
imaćete efekat transformacije.
06:46
The last reason has to do
163
391000
2000
Poslednji razlog je u vezi sa tim
06:48
with women being part of the solution, not the problem.
164
393000
3000
da su žene deo rešenja, a ne problem.
06:51
You need to use scarce resources.
165
396000
2000
Morate da koristite retke resurse.
06:53
It's a waste of resources if you don't use someone like Dai Manju.
166
398000
3000
Ako ne iskoristite nekoga poput Daj Manđu, to je gubljenje resursa.
06:56
Bill Gates put it very well
167
401000
2000
Bil Gejts je to odlično postavio
06:58
when he was traveling through Saudi Arabia.
168
403000
2000
na svom putovanju kroz Saudijsku Arabiju.
07:00
He was speaking to an audience much like yourselves.
169
405000
3000
Govorio je pred publikom sličnoj vama.
07:03
However, two-thirds of the way there was a barrier.
170
408000
3000
Međutim, na drugoj trećini puta, naišao je na prepreku.
07:06
On this side was men,
171
411000
2000
Ovde su bili muškarci,
07:08
and then the barrier, and this side was women.
172
413000
2000
onda prepreka, a sa ove strane žene.
07:10
And someone from this side of the room got up and said,
173
415000
2000
I neko sa ove strane sobe je ustao i rekao,
07:12
"Mr. Gates, we have here as our goal in Saudi Arabia
174
417000
3000
"Gospodine Gejts, naš cilj ovde u Saudijskoj Arabiji
07:15
to be one of the top 10 countries
175
420000
2000
je da budemo među prvih 10 zemalja
07:17
when it comes to technology.
176
422000
2000
kada je u pitanju tehnologija.
07:19
Do you think we'll make it?"
177
424000
2000
Hoćemo li uspeti?"
07:21
So Bill Gates, as he was staring out at the audience, he said,
178
426000
3000
I Bil Gejts, gledajući u publiku, reče,
07:24
"If you're not fully utilizing half the resources in your country,
179
429000
3000
"Ako u potpunosti ne koristite polovinu svojih resursa u državi,
07:27
there is no way you will get anywhere near the top 10."
180
432000
3000
nema šanse ni da ćete se približiti prvih 10."
07:30
So here is Bill of Arabia.
181
435000
3000
Dakle, evo ga Bil od Arabije.
07:33
(Laughter)
182
438000
2000
( smeh )
07:35
So what would some of the specific challenges
183
440000
2000
Dakle, kako bi neki od specifičnih izazova
07:37
look like?
184
442000
2000
izgledali?
07:40
I would say, on the top of the agenda
185
445000
3000
Rekla bih, na vrhu liste
07:43
is sex trafficking.
186
448000
2000
je trgovina belim robljem.
07:45
And I'll just say two things about this.
187
450000
2000
I reći ću samo dve stvari u vezi sa ovim.
07:47
The slavery at the peak of the slave trade
188
452000
3000
Ropstvo na vrhuncu trgovine robljem
07:50
in the 1780s:
189
455000
3000
tokom 1780-ih:
07:53
there were about 80,000 slaves
190
458000
2000
postojalo je oko 80 000 robova,
07:55
transported from Africa to the New World.
191
460000
3000
prebačenih iz Afrike u Novi Svet.
07:58
Now, modern slavery:
192
463000
3000
Sada, moderno ropstvo:
08:01
according to State Department rough statistics,
193
466000
3000
prema grubim procenama Stejt Departmenta,
08:04
there are about 800,000 -- 10 times the number --
194
469000
3000
postoji oko 800 000 - 10 puta više -
08:07
that are trafficked across international borders.
195
472000
3000
kojima je trgovano preko internacinalnih granica.
08:10
And that does not even include those
196
475000
2000
A to čak i ne uključuje one
08:12
that are trafficked within country borders,
197
477000
2000
kojiima je trgovano unutar državnih granica,
08:14
which is a substantial portion.
198
479000
3000
što je ključna tačka.
08:17
And if you look at
199
482000
2000
I ako pogledate
08:19
another factor, another contrast,
200
484000
3000
još jedan faktor, još jedan kontrast,
08:22
a slave back then is worth
201
487000
2000
rob iz prošlosti vredi oko
08:24
about $40,000
202
489000
2000
40 000 dolara
08:26
in today's money.
203
491000
2000
u današnjoj vrednosti.
08:28
Today, you can buy a girl trafficked
204
493000
3000
Danas možete da kupite devojčicu
08:31
for a few hundred dollars,
205
496000
2000
za nekoliko stotina dolara,
08:33
which means she's actually more disposable.
206
498000
3000
što znači da je ona više za jednokratnu upotrebu.
08:36
But you know, there is progress being made
207
501000
3000
Ali znate, napredak se dešava
08:39
in places like Cambodia and Thailand.
208
504000
2000
u mestima poput Kambodže i Tajlanda.
08:41
We don't have to expect a world
209
506000
2000
Ne moramo da očekujemo svet
08:43
where girls are bought and sold or killed.
210
508000
3000
u kojem se devojke kupuju, prodaju ili ubijaju.
08:46
The second item on the agenda
211
511000
2000
Druga na listi jeste
08:48
is maternal mortality.
212
513000
3000
smrtnost majki.
08:51
You know, childbirth in this part of the world
213
516000
3000
Znate, rođenje deteta u ovom delu sveta
08:54
is a wonderful event.
214
519000
2000
jeste divan događaj.
08:56
In Niger, one in seven women
215
521000
3000
U Nigeru, jedna od sedam žena
08:59
can expect to die during childbirth.
216
524000
3000
može da očekuje da umre tokom porođaja.
09:02
Around the world,
217
527000
2000
Širom sveta,
09:04
one woman dies every minute and a half from childbirth.
218
529000
4000
jedna žena umre svakog minuta i po tokom porođaja.
09:08
You know, it's not as though
219
533000
2000
Znate, nije teško
09:10
we don't have the technological solution,
220
535000
3000
zbog toga što nemamo tehnološko rešenje,
09:13
but these women have three strikes against them:
221
538000
3000
već ove žene imaju tri udara:
09:16
they are poor, they are rural
222
541000
2000
siromašne su, nerazvijene
09:18
and they are female.
223
543000
3000
i žene su.
09:21
You know, for every woman who does die,
224
546000
2000
Znate, za svaku ženu koja zaista umre,
09:23
there are 20 who survive
225
548000
2000
20 žena preživi
09:25
but end up with an injury.
226
550000
2000
ali završe sa povredom.
09:27
And the most devastating injury
227
552000
2000
A najrazornija povreda
09:29
is obstetric fistula.
228
554000
2000
je akušerska fistula.
09:31
It's a tearing during obstructed labor
229
556000
2000
To je cepanje prilikom porođaja
09:33
that leaves a woman incontinent.
230
558000
3000
koje ostavlja ženu nesposobnom da se kontroliše.
09:36
Let me tell you about Mahabuba.
231
561000
2000
Dozvolite mi da vam predstavim Mahabubu.
09:38
She lives in Ethiopia.
232
563000
2000
Ona živi u Etijopiji.
09:40
She was married against her will at age 13.
233
565000
3000
Udali su je protiv njene volje u 13. godini.
09:43
She got pregnant, ran to the bush to have the baby,
234
568000
3000
Zatrudnela je, porodila se u žbunju,
09:46
but you know, her body was very immature,
235
571000
3000
ali znate, njeno telo je bilo vrlo nezrelo,
09:49
and she ended up having obstructed labor.
236
574000
3000
i završila je sa neprirodnim porođajem.
09:52
The baby died, and she ended up with a fistula.
237
577000
3000
Beba je umrla, a ona je završila sa fistulom.
09:55
So that meant she was incontinent;
238
580000
2000
Dakle to znači da je ona inkontinentna,
09:57
she couldn't control her wastes.
239
582000
3000
nije mogla da kontroliše svoje funkcije izlučivanja.
10:00
In a word, she stank.
240
585000
2000
Jednom rečju, smrdela je.
10:02
The villagers thought she was cursed; they didn't know what to do with her.
241
587000
3000
Stanovnici sela su mislili da je ukleta, nisu znali šta da rade sa njom.
10:05
So finally, they put her at the edge of the village in a hut.
242
590000
3000
Naposletku, stavili su je na kraj sela u straćaru.
10:08
They ripped off the door
243
593000
2000
Strgli su vrata
10:10
so that the hyenas would get her at night.
244
595000
3000
kako bi je hijene pojele tokom noći.
10:13
That night, there was a stick in the hut.
245
598000
3000
Te noći, bio je štap u straćari.
10:16
She fought off the hyenas with that stick.
246
601000
3000
Borila se sa hijenama tim štapom.
10:19
And the next morning,
247
604000
2000
I sledećeg jutra,
10:21
she knew if she could get to a nearby village where there was a foreign missionary,
248
606000
3000
znala je da ukoliko stigne do sledećeg sela gde postoje strani misionari,
10:24
she would be saved.
249
609000
2000
biće spašena.
10:26
Because she had some damage to her nerves,
250
611000
2000
Pošto je imala oštećenje nerava,
10:28
she crawled all the way -- 30 miles --
251
613000
3000
puzala je čitavim putem - 30 milja -
10:31
to that doorstep, half dead.
252
616000
3000
do tog praga, polu mrtva.
10:34
The foreign missionary opened the door,
253
619000
2000
Strani misionari su otvorili vrata,
10:36
knew exactly what had happened,
254
621000
2000
znajući šta se dogodilo,
10:38
took her to a nearby fistula hospital in Addis Ababa,
255
623000
3000
odveli je u obližnju bolnicu za fistule u Adis Abebi,
10:41
and she was repaired
256
626000
2000
gde su je operisali
10:43
with a 350-dollar operation.
257
628000
3000
operacijom od 350 dolara.
10:46
The doctors and nurses there noticed
258
631000
2000
Doktori i sestre su primetili
10:48
that she was not only a survivor,
259
633000
2000
da ona nije samo osoba sposobna da preživi,
10:50
she was really clever, and they made her a nurse.
260
635000
3000
bila je vrlo pametna i postala je medicinska sestra.
10:53
So now, Mahabuba,
261
638000
2000
Dakle, sada, Mahabuba,
10:55
she is saving the lives
262
640000
2000
spašava živote
10:57
of hundreds, thousands, of women.
263
642000
2000
stotinama, hiljadama žena.
10:59
She has become part of the solution, not the problem.
264
644000
2000
Postala je deo rešenja, ne problem.
11:01
She's moved out of a vicious cycle
265
646000
2000
Pomerila se iz mučeničkog kruga,
11:03
and into a virtuous cycle.
266
648000
2000
u dobročiniteljski.
11:05
I've talked about some of the challenges,
267
650000
3000
Govorila sam o nekim izazovima,
11:08
let me talk about some of the solutions,
268
653000
2000
hajde da govorim o nekim rešenjima,
11:10
and there are predictable solutions.
269
655000
3000
a to su predvidljiva rešenja.
11:13
I've hinted at them: education
270
658000
2000
Ukazala sam na njih: obrazovanje
11:15
and also economic opportunity.
271
660000
3000
i ekonomske prilike.
11:18
So of course, when you educate a girl,
272
663000
3000
Naravno, kada obrazujete devojčicu,
11:21
she tends to get married later on in life,
273
666000
3000
ona ima tendenciju da se kasnije uda,
11:24
she tends to have kids later on in life, she tends to have fewer kids,
274
669000
3000
da ima decu kasnije, da ima manje dece,
11:27
and those kids that she does have,
275
672000
2000
ali da one koje rodi,
11:29
she educates them in a more enlightened fashion.
276
674000
2000
obrazuje na više prosvetljeni način.
11:31
With economic opportunity,
277
676000
2000
Sa ekonomskim prilikama,
11:33
it can be transformative.
278
678000
2000
stvari mogu da se menjaju.
11:35
Let me tell you about Saima.
279
680000
2000
Da vam predstavim Saimu.
11:37
She lives in a small village outside Lahore, Pakistan.
280
682000
3000
Živi u malom selu izvan Lahore, Pakistan.
11:41
And at the time, she was miserable.
281
686000
2000
I u to vreme, bila je očajna.
11:43
She was beaten every single day
282
688000
2000
Svakog dana ju je tukao muž
11:45
by her husband, who was unemployed.
283
690000
2000
koji nije radio.
11:47
He was kind of a gambler type -- and unemployable, therefore --
284
692000
3000
Bio je kockarski tip - i nesposoban za rad, samim tim -
11:50
and took his frustrations out on her.
285
695000
2000
i svoju frustraciju je iskaljivao na njoj.
11:52
Well, when she had her second daughter,
286
697000
2000
Pa, kada je rodila drugu ćerku,
11:54
her mother in-law told her son,
287
699000
3000
njena svekrva je rekla njenom sinu,
11:57
"I think you'd better get a second wife.
288
702000
2000
"Mislim da je bolje da nađeš drugu ženu,
11:59
Saima's not going to produce you a son."
289
704000
3000
Saima ti neće roditi sina."
12:03
This is when she had her second daughter.
290
708000
2000
To se desilo kada je rodila drugu ćerku.
12:05
At the time, there was
291
710000
2000
U to vreme, postojala je
12:07
a microlending group in the village
292
712000
2000
grupa u selu za mikropozajmice
12:09
that gave her a 65-dollar loan.
293
714000
3000
koja joj je dala zajam od 65 dolara.
12:12
Saima took that money,
294
717000
3000
Saima je uzela taj novac,
12:15
and she started an embroidery business.
295
720000
3000
i počela posao sa vezom.
12:18
The merchants liked her embroidery; it sold very well,
296
723000
2000
Trgovcima se njen vez dopadao, lako se prodavao,
12:20
and they kept asking for more.
297
725000
2000
i stalno su tražili još.
12:22
And when she couldn't produce enough,
298
727000
2000
A kada nije mogla da proizvede dovoljno,
12:24
she hired other women in the village.
299
729000
2000
zaposlila je žene iz sela.
12:26
Pretty soon she had 30 women in the village
300
731000
3000
Ubrzo je imala 30 žena u selu
12:29
working for her embroidery business.
301
734000
2000
koje su radile vez.
12:31
And then,
302
736000
2000
I onda,
12:33
when she had to transport all of the embroidery goods
303
738000
3000
kada je morala da preveze sve proizvode
12:36
from the village to the marketplace,
304
741000
2000
od sela do pijace,
12:38
she needed someone to help her do the transport,
305
743000
2000
bila joj je potrebna pomoć oko transporta,
12:40
so she hired her husband.
306
745000
2000
pa je zaposlila svog muža.
12:42
So now they're in it together.
307
747000
2000
I sada su u tom poslu zajedno.
12:44
He does the transportation and distribution,
308
749000
2000
On radi prevoz i distribuciju,
12:46
and she does the production and sourcing.
309
751000
2000
a ona proizvodnju i nabavku.
12:48
And now they have a third daughter,
310
753000
3000
I sada imaju treću ćerku,
12:51
and the daughters, all of them, are being tutored in education
311
756000
3000
i ćerke, sve tri, idu u školu
12:54
because Saima knows what's really important.
312
759000
3000
jer Saima zna šta je stvarno važno.
12:57
Which brings me to the final element, which is education.
313
762000
3000
Što me dovodi do poslednjeg elementa, a to je obrazovanje.
13:01
Larry Summers, when he was chief economist at the World Bank,
314
766000
3000
Leri Samers, dok je bio glavni ekonomista u Svetskoj Banci,
13:04
once said that, "It may well be
315
769000
3000
jednom prilikom je rekao: "Može biti
13:07
that the highest return on investment
316
772000
2000
da najveći povraćaj uloženog novca
13:09
in the developing world
317
774000
2000
u zemljama u razvoju
13:11
is in girls' education."
318
776000
3000
dolazi od obrazovanja devojčica."
13:14
Let me tell you about Beatrice Biira.
319
779000
2000
Dozvolite mi da vam pričam o Beatris Bira.
13:16
Beatrice was living in Uganda
320
781000
3000
Beatris je živela u Ugandi
13:19
near the Congo border,
321
784000
2000
blizu granice sa Kongom,
13:21
and like Dai Manju, she didn't go to school.
322
786000
2000
i poput Daj Manđu, nije išla u školu,
13:23
Actually, she had never been to school,
323
788000
3000
Zapravo, ona nikada nije išla u školu,
13:26
not to a lick, one day.
324
791000
2000
ni na tren, ni na dan.
13:28
Her parents, again, said,
325
793000
2000
Njeni roditelji su rekli, opet:
13:30
"Why should we spend the money on her?
326
795000
2000
"Zašto bismo trošili novac na nju?
13:32
She's going to spend most of her life lugging water back and forth."
327
797000
3000
Veći deo svog života provešće noseći vodu."
13:35
Well, it just so happens, at that time,
328
800000
3000
Pa, igrom slučaja je u to vreme
13:38
there was a group in Connecticut
329
803000
3000
postojala grupa u Konektikatu
13:41
called the Niantic Community Church Group in Connecticut.
330
806000
3000
zvana Najantik Komjuniti Čurč Grup u Konektitaku.
13:44
They made a donation to an organization
331
809000
2000
Donirali su novac organizaciji
13:46
based in Arkansas
332
811000
2000
lociranoj u Arkanzasu
13:48
called Heifer International.
333
813000
2000
zvanoj Hejfer Internacional.
13:50
Heifer sent two goats to Africa.
334
815000
3000
Hejfer je poslala dve koze u Afriku.
13:53
One of them ended up with Beatrice's parents,
335
818000
3000
Jedna od njih je završila kod Beatrisinih roditelja.
13:56
and that goat had twins.
336
821000
2000
I koza je dobila bliznakinje.
13:58
The twins started producing milk.
337
823000
2000
One su proizvodile mleko.
14:00
They sold the milk for cash.
338
825000
2000
Prodavali su mleko za novac.
14:02
The cash started accumulating,
339
827000
2000
Novac je počeo da se nagomilava,
14:04
and pretty soon the parents said,
340
829000
2000
i vrlo brzo roditelji su rekli:
14:06
"You know, we've got enough money. Let's send Beatrice to school."
341
831000
3000
"Znate, imamo dovoljno novca. Hajde da pošaljemo Beatris u školu."
14:09
So at nine years of age,
342
834000
2000
I tako je u devetoj godini,
14:11
Beatrice started in first grade --
343
836000
2000
Beatris krenula u prvi razred -
14:13
after all, she'd never been to a lick of school --
344
838000
2000
ipak nikada nije bila ni blizu školi -
14:15
with a six year-old.
345
840000
2000
zajedno sa šestogodišnjacima.
14:17
No matter, she was just delighted to be in school.
346
842000
2000
Nije bilo bitno, bila je jednostavno oduševljena što je u školi.
14:19
She rocketed to the top of her class.
347
844000
2000
Popela se na vrh svog razreda.
14:21
She stayed at the top of her class
348
846000
3000
Ostala je na vrhu
14:24
through elementary school, middle school,
349
849000
2000
kroz osnovnu,
14:26
and then in high school,
350
851000
2000
a kasnije i srednju školu,
14:28
she scored brilliantly on the national examinations
351
853000
3000
briljirala je na državnim ispitima,
14:31
so that she became the first person in her village,
352
856000
3000
i postala je prva osoba iz njenog sela,
14:34
ever, to come to the United States
353
859000
2000
ikada, koja je došla u Sjedinjene Države,
14:36
on scholarship.
354
861000
2000
zahvaljujući stipendiji.
14:38
Two years ago,
355
863000
2000
Pre dve godine,
14:40
she graduated from Connecticut College.
356
865000
3000
dilpomirala je na Konektikat Koledžu,
14:43
On the day of her graduation,
357
868000
2000
Na dan diplomiranja,
14:45
she said, "I am the luckiest girl alive
358
870000
3000
rekla je: "Ja sam najsrećnija devojka na svetu,
14:48
because of a goat."
359
873000
2000
zbog koze."
14:50
(Laughter)
360
875000
2000
( smeh )
14:52
And that goat was $120.
361
877000
2000
A koza je koštala 120 dolara.
14:54
So you see how transformative
362
879000
3000
Dakle vidite kako mali koraci
14:57
little bits of help can be.
363
882000
2000
pomoći mogu da promene stvari.
14:59
But I want to give you a reality check.
364
884000
2000
Ali želim da vas podsetim na realnost.
15:02
Look: U.S. aid, helping people is not easy,
365
887000
3000
Pogledajte: USAID, "Pomoć SAD-a" , pomaganje ljudima nije lako.
15:05
and there have been books that have criticized U.S. aid.
366
890000
3000
I izdate su knjige koje su kritikovale USAID.
15:08
There's Bill Easterly's book.
367
893000
2000
Postoji knjiga Bil Isterlija.
15:10
There's a book called "Dead Aid."
368
895000
2000
Knjiga se zove "Mrtva pomoć".
15:12
You know, the criticism is fair;
369
897000
2000
Znate, kritika je ispravna,
15:14
it isn't easy.
370
899000
2000
nije lako.
15:16
You know, people say how
371
901000
2000
Znate, ljudi su videli kako
15:18
half of all water well projects, a year later, are failed.
372
903000
2000
polovina svih projekata za čistu vodu godinu dana kasnije propada.
15:20
When I was in Zimbabwe,
373
905000
2000
Kada sam bila u Zimbabveu,
15:22
we were touring a place with the village chief --
374
907000
2000
obilazili smo mesto sa poglavicom -
15:24
he wanted to raise money for a secondary school --
375
909000
3000
hteo je da sakupi novac za srednju školu -
15:27
and there was some construction a few yards away,
376
912000
2000
postojala je neka konstrukcija nedaleko,
15:29
and I said, "What's that?"
377
914000
2000
i ja sam pitala: "Šta je ovo?"
15:31
He sort of mumbled.
378
916000
2000
Promrmljao je nešto.
15:33
Turns out that it's a failed irrigation project.
379
918000
2000
Ispostavilo se da je to neuspeli projekat navodnjavanja.
15:35
A few yards away was a failed chicken coop.
380
920000
3000
Nekoliko metara dalje bio je neuspeli kokošinjac.
15:38
One year, all the chickens died, and no one wanted to put the chickens in there.
381
923000
3000
Godina je prošla, sve su kokoške uginule, a niko nije hteo da stavi kokoške unutra.
15:41
It's true, but we think that you don't through the baby out with the bathwater;
382
926000
3000
Isitna je, ali mislimo da se prvi mačići u vodu bacaju
15:44
you actually improve.
383
929000
2000
i da će to popraviti stvari.
15:46
You learn from your mistakes, and you continuously improve.
384
931000
3000
Učite iz svojih grešaka, i nastavljate da napredujete.
15:49
We also think that individuals
385
934000
2000
Takođe mislimo da individue
15:51
can make a difference, and they should,
386
936000
3000
mogu promeniti stvari, i trebalo bi,
15:54
because individuals, together,
387
939000
2000
jer pojedinci, zajedno,
15:56
we can all help create a movement.
388
941000
3000
svi možemo da pomognemo u stvaranju inicijative.
15:59
And a movement of men and women
389
944000
2000
A inicijativa muškaraca i žena
16:01
is what's needed to bring about social change,
390
946000
2000
je ono što nam treba za socijalnu promenu,
16:03
change that will address
391
948000
3000
promenu koja će ukazati
16:06
this great moral challenge.
392
951000
2000
na ovaj veliki moralni izazov.
16:08
So then, I ask,
393
953000
3000
I onda, pitam vas,
16:11
what's in it for you?
394
956000
2000
šta vi imate od toga?
16:13
You're probably asking that. Why should you care?
395
958000
3000
Verovatno se to pitate. Zašto bi vam bilo bitno?
16:16
I will just leave you with two things.
396
961000
2000
Ostaviću vas sa dve stvari.
16:18
One is that research shows
397
963000
3000
Jedna je da istraživanje pokazuje
16:21
that once you have
398
966000
2000
da jednom kada su
16:23
all of your material needs taken care of --
399
968000
3000
vaše materijalne potrebe zadovoljene -
16:26
which most of us, all of us, here in this room do --
400
971000
3000
a većini nas ovde jesu -
16:29
research shows that
401
974000
2000
istraživanje pokazuje da
16:31
there are very few things in life
402
976000
2000
postoji par stvari u životu
16:33
that can actually elevate your level of happiness.
403
978000
3000
koje mogu da podignu nivo vaše sreće.
16:36
One of those things
404
981000
2000
Jedna od tih stvari
16:38
is contributing to a cause larger than yourself.
405
983000
3000
jeste doprinos uzroku većem od vas samih.
16:43
And the second thing,
406
988000
2000
A druga stvar.
16:45
it's an anecdote that I'll leave you with.
407
990000
2000
To je anegdota sa kojom ću vas ostaviti.
16:47
And that is the story
408
992000
2000
A to je priča o
16:49
of an aid worker in Darfur.
409
994000
3000
medicinskom radniku u Darfuru.
16:52
Here was a woman
410
997000
2000
radi se o ženi
16:54
who had worked in Darfur,
411
999000
2000
koja je radila u Darfuru
16:56
seeing things that no human being should see.
412
1001000
3000
gledajući stvari koje ni jedno ljudsko biće ne treba da vidi.
17:00
Throughout her time there,
413
1005000
2000
Tokom tog vremena,
17:02
she was strong, she was steadfast.
414
1007000
3000
bila je jaka, nepokolebljiva.
17:05
She never broke down.
415
1010000
3000
Nikada se nije slomila.
17:08
And then she came back to the United States
416
1013000
2000
A onda se vratila u Ameriku
17:10
and was on break, Christmas break.
417
1015000
2000
na odmor, Božićni praznici.
17:12
She was in her grandmother's backyard,
418
1017000
3000
Bila je u dvorištu svoje bake.
17:15
and she saw something that made her break down in tears.
419
1020000
3000
i videla nešto što ju je slomilo do suza.
17:19
What that was
420
1024000
2000
Videla je
17:21
was a bird feeder.
421
1026000
3000
hranilicu za ptice.
17:24
And she realized that she had the great fortune
422
1029000
3000
I shvatila je kako je imala veliku sreću
17:27
to be born in a country
423
1032000
2000
da se rodi u zemlji
17:29
where we take security for granted,
424
1034000
3000
gde uzimamo sigurnost zdravo za gotovo,
17:32
where we not only can feed, clothe
425
1037000
2000
gde ne samo da možemo da hranimo, oblačimo
17:34
and house ourselves,
426
1039000
3000
i skućimo se,
17:37
but also provide for wild birds
427
1042000
3000
već i da obezbedimo to divljim pticama
17:40
so they don't go hungry in the winter.
428
1045000
3000
kako ne bi ogladnele tokom zime.
17:44
And she realized that with that great fortune
429
1049000
3000
I shvatila je da sa toliko velikom srećom
17:47
comes great responsibility.
430
1052000
3000
dolazi i velika odgovornost.
17:50
And so, like her,
431
1055000
3000
I tako, poput nje,
17:53
you, me,
432
1058000
2000
vi, ja,
17:55
we have all won the lottery of life.
433
1060000
3000
svi smo dobitnici životnog lotoa.
17:58
And so the question becomes:
434
1063000
2000
I tako se javlja pitanje:
18:00
how do we discharge that responsibility?
435
1065000
3000
kako da se oslobodimo odgovornosti?
18:03
So, here's the cause.
436
1068000
2000
Dakle, imamo uzrok.
18:05
Join the movement.
437
1070000
2000
Pridružite se pokretu.
18:07
Feel happier and help save the world.
438
1072000
3000
Budite srećniji i pomozite da se spasi svet.
18:10
Thank you very much.
439
1075000
2000
Mnogo vam hvala.
18:12
(Applause)
440
1077000
3000
( aplauz )
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sheryl WuDunn - Author, journalistAs a journalist reporting on China, Sheryl WuDunn saw the everyday oppression of women around the world. She and Nick Kristof wrote "Half the Sky," chronicling women's stories of horror and, especially, hope.
Why you should listen
Sheryl WuDunn and her husband, Nick Kristof, won a Pulitzer for their New York Times coverage of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests. Their joint reporting work in China and other developing nations convinced them both that, just as slavery was the moral issue of the 19th century, sex trafficking, gender-based violence and other abuses make women's rights the moral issue of the 21st.
In their book Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide, WuDunn and Kristof make the case for empowering women as a means of development. Women tend to spend more on education, nutrition and business, the economic engines of growth in a community. And if we can find ways to develop the untapped potential of the millions of women who are now left uneducated, denied basic rights, oppressed and threatened -- we'll turn on a firehose of economic power that could transform the developing world.
Sheryl WuDunn | Speaker | TED.com