TEDGlobal 2010
Sheryl WuDunn: Our century's greatest injustice
ሼሪል ዉዶን (Sheryl WuDunn): የ ዘመናችን ትልቁ ግፍ::
Filmed:
Readability: 3.4
1,194,863 views
የ ሼሪል ዉዶን (Sheryl WuDunn) መጽሐፍ "Half the Sky" ያዓለም ሴቶችን እንግልት የ ሚመረምር ነው:: ታሪኮቿ አስደንጋጭ ናቸው:: ታዳጊ አገሮች ያሉ ሴቶች የትምህርት ና የ ሀብት እኩልነት ሲያገኙ ብቻ ነው ሙሉ የ ሰብአዊ ሀብት የሚኖረን::
Sheryl WuDunn - Author, journalist
As a journalist reporting on China, Sheryl WuDunn saw the everyday oppression of women around the world. She and Nick Kristof wrote "Half the Sky," chronicling women's stories of horror and, especially, hope. Full bio
As a journalist reporting on China, Sheryl WuDunn saw the everyday oppression of women around the world. She and Nick Kristof wrote "Half the Sky," chronicling women's stories of horror and, especially, hope. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
The global challenge that I want to talk to you about today
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ዛሬ ላወራላቹ የምፈልገው ስለ አንድ የ ዓለም አቀፍ ፍልሚያ ሆኖ
00:19
rarely makes the front pages.
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ዜና ላይ አልፎ አልፎ የሚቀርበ ብቻ ነው::
00:21
It, however, is enormous
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ነገር ግን በጣም ትልቅ
00:24
in both scale and importance.
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አስፈላጊነት የ ያዘ ቁም ነገር ነው::
00:27
Look, you all are very well traveled;
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እንግዲህ እዚህ ያላቹ ሁሉ የ ዓለም መንገደኛ ናቹ::
00:30
this is TEDGlobal after all.
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ምንም ቢሆን ይህ Ted Global ነው::
00:32
But I do hope to take you to some places
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ግን ልወስዳቹ የምፈልገው ቦታዎች
00:34
you've never been to before.
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እስከ ዛሬ ያልሄዳቹባቸው ናቸው::
00:36
So, let's start off in China.
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እስቲ በቻይና እንጀምር::
00:38
This photo was taken two weeks ago.
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ይህ ፎቶ የዛሬ ሁለት ሣምንት የተነሳ ነው::
00:41
Actually, one indication is that little boy on my husband's shoulders
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እንደውም ለምልክት ባለቤቴ ላይ ያለው ትንሹ ልጅ
00:44
has just graduated from high school.
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ከ ሁለተኛ ደረጃ ትምህርት ቤት በቅችቡ ተመርቋል::
00:46
(Laughter)
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...ሳቅታ...
00:48
But this is Tiananmen Square.
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ይሄ ትያናመን Square ነው::
00:50
Many of you have been there. It's not the real China.
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ብዙዎቻቹ ታቁታላቹ:: እውነተኛው ቻይና አይደለም::
00:53
Let me take you to the real China.
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እውነተኛው ቻይና ልውሰዳቹ::
00:55
This is in the Dabian Mountains
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ይሀ ዳብያን ተራራ ውስጥ ነው::
00:57
in the remote part of Hubei province in central China.
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ሁቤይ ክፍለ ሀገር ምዓከላዊ ቻይና ውስጥ::
01:01
Dai Manju is 13 years old at the time the story starts.
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ዳይማንጁ (Dai Manju) 13 ዓመትዋ ነው ይሄ ታሪኩ ሲጀምር::
01:04
She lives with her parents,
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ምትኖረው ከቤተሰቦቿ:
01:06
her two brothers and her great-aunt.
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ከሁለቱ ወንድሞቿ ና ከአክስቷ ጋር ነው::
01:09
They have a hut that has no electricity,
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መብራት የሌለው ጎጆ ቤት አላቸው::
01:11
no running water,
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ውኃም የለውም
01:13
no wristwatch, no bicycle.
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የ እጅ ሰዓት የለም ቢስክሌትም የለም
01:15
And they share this great splendor
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ይሄንን ታላቅ ሞገስ የሚካፈሉት
01:17
with a very large pig.
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ከ አንድ ጠብደል ያለ አሳማ ጋር ነው
01:20
Dai Manju was in sixth grade when her parents said,
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ዳይማንጁ ስድስተኛ ክፍል ነበረች ቤተሰቦቿ
01:23
"We're going to pull you out of school
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"ከትምሕርት ቤት ልናስወጣሽ ነው:
01:25
because the 13-dollar school fees are too much for us.
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ምክንያቱም የትምሕርት ቤቱ 13 ዶላር ዋጋ በጣም በዝቶብናል" ሲልዋት
01:28
You're going to be spending the rest of your life in the rice paddies.
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"እድሜ ልክሽን የሩዝ ሜዳ ውስጥ ነው ምታሳልፊው
01:30
Why would we waste this money on you?"
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ያኑሉ ገንዘብ አንቺ ላይ ለምን እንጨርሰዋለን?"
01:32
This is what happens to girls in remote areas.
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ይሄ ነው ክፍለ ሀገር ያሉት ሴቶች የሚከናወንባቸው::
01:35
Turns out that Dai Manju was
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ዳይማንጁ ግን
01:37
the best pupil in her grade.
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የክፍሏ አንደኛ ተማሪ ነበረች::
01:39
She still made the two-hour trek to the schoolhouse
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ወደ ትምሕርት ቤት የሁለት ሰዓት ከባድ መንገዷን መ ጓዝ ቀጥላ
01:42
and tried to catch every little bit of information
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የምትችለውን ሁሉ እውቀት እየ ቀሰመች
01:45
that seeped out of the doors.
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ከበሩ ወጣ ሲል መያዝ ቀጠለች::
01:47
We wrote about her in The New York Times.
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ይሄንን New York Times ላይ ጻፍናው::
01:49
We got a flood of donations --
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ከዛ መዓት እርዳታ ደረሰን
01:52
mostly 13-dollar checks
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ባብዛኛው የ13 ዶላር ቼኮች ነበሩ
01:55
because New York Times readers are very generous
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ምክንያቱም የ New York Times አንባቢዎች በጣም ቸር ናቸው
01:57
in tiny amounts
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ጥቂት እርዳታ ለመላክ
01:59
(Laughter)
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...ሳቅታ...
02:01
but then, we got a money transfer
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ከዛ ግን ገንዘብ ደረሰን
02:04
for $10,000 --
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10 000 ዶላር ላከልን
02:06
really nice guy.
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አንድ ጥሩ ስው::
02:08
We turned the money over to that man there, the principal of the school.
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ገንዘቡን ለ ዚህ ሰውዬ ሰጠነው:: የትምሕርትቤቱ ሃላፊ::
02:11
He was delighted.
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ተደሰተ::
02:13
He thought, "Oh, I can renovate the school.
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"ትምሕርትቤቱን ማደስ እችላለው" ብሎ አሰበ::
02:15
I can give scholarships to all the girls,
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"ለ ሴቶች የመመርያ ገንዘብ መስጠት እችላለው::"
02:17
you know, if they work hard and stay in school.
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በደምብ ካጠኑና ትምሕርት ቤት መሄድ ከቀጠሉ ማለት ነው::
02:19
So Dai Manju basically
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ስለዚህ ዳይማንጁ እንዲህ እያለች
02:21
finished out middle school.
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የ አንደኛ ደረጃ ትምህርቷን አጠቃለለች::
02:23
She went to high school.
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ወደ ሁለተኛ ደረጃ ትምህርት ቤት ቀጠለች::
02:25
She went to vocational school for accounting.
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አካውንቲንግ (accounting) ለመማር አነስተኛ ኮሌጅ ሄደች::
02:27
She scouted for jobs down in Guangdong province in the south.
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ስራ ፍለጋ ደቡብ ያለው ጓንዶንግ ክፍለ ሀገር ሄደች::
02:30
She found a job, she scouted for jobs
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ስራ ስታገኝ ለ ክፍል ባልደረቦችዋ ና ለጓደኞችዋ
02:32
for her classmates and her friends.
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ስራ መፈለግ ጀመረች::
02:34
She sent money back to her family.
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ገንዘብ ለቤተሰቦቿ ትልክ ጀመር::
02:37
They built a new house,
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አዲስ ቤት ገነቡ
02:39
this time with running water,
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አሁን ግን ውኃ ያለው
02:41
electricity, a bicycle,
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መብራት: ቢስክሌት
02:43
no pig.
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አሳማ ግን የለም::
02:45
What we saw was a natural experiment.
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ደንበኛ ምሳሌ ነው ያየነው
02:48
It is rare to get an exogenous investment
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የሴቶች ትምሕርት ላይ እንዲህ አይነት መዋለ ንዋይ
02:50
in girls' education.
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ማየት ብርቅ ነገር ነው::
02:52
And over the years, as we followed Dai Manju, we were able to see
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ዓመት ካመት ዳይማንጁን ስንከተላት ያየነው
02:55
that she was able to move out of a vicious cycle
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እንዴት አርጋ ከ መጥፎ ዑደት
02:58
and into a virtuous cycle.
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ወደ በጎ ዑደት እንደተሸጋገረች ነው::
03:00
She not only changed her own dynamic,
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የራሷን ሁኔታ ብቻ ሳይሆን
03:02
she changed her household, she changed her family, her village.
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የ ቤቷን: የቤተሰቦቿን: የመንደሯን ሁኔታ ነው የቀየረችው::
03:05
The village became a real standout.
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መንደሯ በጣም ተሻሻለ::
03:08
Of course, most of China was flourishing at the time,
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ብ እርግጥ ቻይና ባጠቃላይ እየተሻሻለ ነበር በዛን ግዜ
03:11
but they were able to get a road built
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ነገር ግን መንገድ ገንብተው
03:14
to link them up to the rest of China.
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ከሞላው ቻይና ጋር መገናኘት ቻሉ::
03:16
And that brings me to my first major
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ከዚህ ተነስቼ ነው ከሁለቱ ዋነ መሰረታዊ መመሪያ
03:19
of two tenets of "Half the Sky."
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(ለ Half the Sky) ወደ አንደኛው የምሄደው ::
03:21
And that is that
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እሱም
03:23
the central moral challenge
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የዚህ ምዕተ ዓመት
03:25
of this century
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ዋናው ግብረ ገብ ፍልሚያ
03:27
is gender inequity.
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የጾታ እኩልነት አለመኖሩ ነው::
03:29
In the 19th century, it was slavery.
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በ 19ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን ባርነት ነበር::
03:31
In the 20th century, it was totalitarianism.
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በ 20ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን የጭቆና መንግስት (totalitarianism) ነበር::
03:34
The cause of our time
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የዘመናችን መንስኤ
03:36
is the brutality that so many people
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በ ጾታቸው ምክንያት ዓለማችን ላይ
03:38
face around the world because of their gender.
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ብዙ ሰዎች ከባድ ሕይወት መኖራቸው ነው::
03:41
So some of you may be thinking,
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አንዳንዶቻቹ ይሄኔ በሃሳባቹ
03:43
"Gosh, that's hyperbole.
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"በስመ አብ ግነት!
03:45
She's exaggerating."
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አበዛችው" እያላቹ ነው::
03:47
Well, let me ask you this question.
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እስቲ ጥያቄ ልጠይቃቹ
03:49
How many of you think there are more males or more females in the world?
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ስንቶቻቹ ናቹህ ዓለማችን ላይ ወንድ ከ ሴት በላይ አለ የምትሉ?
03:52
Let me take a poll. How many of you think there are more males in the world?
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እስቲ ይታይ:: ስንቶቻቹ ናቹህ ዓለም ላይ በብዛት ወንድ ይበልጣል የምትሉት?
03:55
Hands up, please.
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እጆቻቹን ከፍ አርጉ እባካቹን::
03:57
How many of you think -- a few -- how many of you there are more females in the world?
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ጥቂት ሰው::እሺ: ስንቶቻቹ ናቹህ ዓለም ላይ በብዛት ሴት ይበልጣል የምትሉት?
04:00
Okay, most of you.
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ባብዛኛዎቻቹ::
04:02
Well, you know this latter group, you're wrong.
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አሁን እጃቹን ያነሳቹ ሰዎች ተሳስታቿል::
04:04
There are, true enough,
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በ እርግጥ ትክክል ነው
04:06
in Europe and the West,
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አውሮፓ ና ሌሎች የምዕራብ ዓለም አገሮች
04:08
when women and men
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ሴቱም ወንዱም
04:10
have equal access to food and health care,
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ለምግብ ና ለ ጤና እኩልነት ያገኛል
04:12
there are more women, we live longer.
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ስለዚህ በብዛት ሴት ይበልጣል:: ሴቶች ብዙ ዓመት እንኖራለን::
04:14
But in most of the rest of the world, that's not the case.
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ነገር ግን ባብዛኛው ሌሎች ሀገር ውስጥ እንደዚህ አይደለም::
04:17
In fact, demographers have shown
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እንደውም ሥነ ሕዝብ አጥኚዎች የሚያሳዩት
04:19
that there are anywhere between 60 million
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ከ 60 ምልዮን
04:21
and 100 million
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እስከ 100 ምልዮን
04:23
missing females in the current population.
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ሴቶች መጥፋታቸውን ነው በዚህ ሥነ ሕዝብ አቆጣጠር::
04:26
And, you know, it happens for several reasons.
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ለዚህ ታድያ ብዙ ምክንያቶች አሉ::
04:29
For instance, in the last half-century,
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ለምሳሌ ባለፈው 50 ዓመት
04:31
more girls were discriminated to death
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በመድልኦ ምክንያት የሞቱ ሴቶች
04:34
than all the people killed on all the battlefields
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ከ በ 20ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን በጦርነት ከሞቱ ሰዎች ሁሉ
04:36
in the 20th century.
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ይበልጡ ነበር::
04:39
Sometimes it's also because of the sonogram.
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አንዳንዴ በ ሶኖግራም (sonogram) ምክንያት ነው::
04:41
Girls get aborted before they're even born
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በ ጽንስ ማስወረድ ምክንያት ሴቶች ጭራሽ አይወለዱም
04:44
when there are scarce resources.
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በቂ ሀብት ሳይኖር::
04:46
This girl here, for instance,
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ይች ልጅ ለምሳሌ
04:48
is in a feeding center in Ethiopia.
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ኢትዮጵያ የሚገኝ አመጋቢ ማዕከል ውስጥ ናት::
04:50
The entire center was filled with girls like her.
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ማዕከሉ ውስጥ መዓት እንደሷ አይነት ሴቶች ነበሩ::
04:53
What's remarkable is that her brothers, in the same family,
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የሚገርመው ግን: ቤተሰቧ ውስጥ ያሉት ወንድሞቿ
04:56
were totally fine.
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በታም በጥሩ ሁኔታ ነበር ያሉት::
04:58
In India, in the first year of life,
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ህንድ ሀገር: ልጆች ሕፃን እያሉ
05:00
from zero to one,
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(ከ 0 እስክ 1ዓመት)
05:02
boy and girl babies basically survive at the same rate
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ወንዱም ሴቱም ብእኩልነት ነው የምያድጉት
05:05
because they depend upon the breast,
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ምክንያቱም በ ጡት ነው የሚመገቡት
05:07
and the breast shows no son preference.
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ጡት ደግሞ ለ ወንድ ልጅ አያዳላም::
05:09
From one to five,
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ከ 1 እስከ 5 ዓመት ባለው ግዜ ውስጥ
05:12
girls die at a 50 percent higher mortality rate
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ሴቶች ከ ውንዶች በ 50% በላይ
05:15
than boys, in all of India.
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ነው የሚሞቱት:ጠቅላላ ህንድ ውስጥ::
05:18
The second tenet of "Half the Sky"
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የ "Half the Sky" ሁለተኛው መሰረታዊ መመሪያ
05:21
is that, let's put aside the morality of all the right and wrong of it all,
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(የ ገብነትን እውነት ና ሐሰት ሳናይ :
05:24
and just on a purely practical level,
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ግን በ ተግባራዊ ደረጃ ብቻ ስናየው)
05:27
we think that
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ምናስበው ምንድን ነው?
05:29
one of the best ways to fight poverty and to fight terrorism
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ድኽነትን ና ሽብርተኝነትን ለመከላከል አንዱ መንገድ
05:32
is to educate girls
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ሴቶችን ማስተማር ና
05:34
and to bring women into the formal labor force.
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የ ሥራ ባለሙያ ማራግ ናው::
05:37
Poverty, for instance.
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ድኽነትን ብናይ ለምሳሌ:
05:39
There are three reasons why this is the case.
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ድኽነት የሚኖረው በ ነዚህ 3 ምክንያቶች ነው:
05:41
For one, overpopulation is one of
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1ኛ: ከመጠን በላይ የ ሕዝብ ብዛት
05:43
the persistent causes of poverty.
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የ ድኽነት አንድ ዋናው ችግር ነው::
05:46
And you know, when you educate a boy,
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ውንድን ስታስተምሩ
05:48
his family tends to have fewer kids,
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ቤተሰቦቹ የሚወልዱት ልጆች በቁጥር ይቀንሳሉ
05:50
but only slightly.
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በትንሹ ብቻ ነው ግን::
05:52
When you educate a girl,
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ሴትን ስታስተምሩ ግን
05:54
she tends to have significantly fewer kids.
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የምትወልደው ልጆች በቁጥር በጣም ይቀንሳሉ
05:57
The second reason is
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2ኛው ምክንያት
06:00
it has to do with spending.
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ከ ገንዘብ ማውጣት ጋር የተያያዘ ነገር ነው::
06:02
It's kind of like the dirty, little secret of poverty,
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የድኽነት ዋና ሚስጥር ነው:
06:04
which is that,
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ማለትም
06:06
not only do poor people
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ድሀ ሰዎች ትንሽ ገቢ
06:08
take in very little income,
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ብቻ ሳይሆን የሚያገኙት
06:10
but also, the income that they take in,
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ያንን ገቢ
06:12
they don't spend it very wisely,
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በብልህ መንገድ አይጠቀሙበትም::
06:15
and unfortunately, most of that spending is done by men.
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ያ ገንዘብ ታድያ በሚያሳዝን ሁኔታ በወንድ ነው የሚፈጀው::
06:18
So research has shown,
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ዓውደ ጥናት እንደሚያሳየው
06:20
if you look at people who live under two dollars a day --
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2 ዶላር በቀን ውይም ከዛ በታች የሚያገኙ ሰዎችን ብናይ
06:23
one metric of poverty --
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(ይሄ አንድ የ ድኽነት ማሳያ ነው)
06:25
two percent of that take-home pay
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የገቢያቸው 2%ኡ
06:27
goes to this basket here, in education.
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ለ ትምህርት ይውላል::
06:30
20 percent goes to a basket that is a combination of
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20%ኡ ወደ
06:33
alcohol, tobacco, sugary drinks --
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አስካሪ መጠጦች: ትንባሆ: ስኳራማ መጠጦች
06:35
and prostitution and festivals.
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ዝሙት አዳሪነት ና ድግስ ላይ ይውላል::
06:38
If you just take four percentage points
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4% ብቻ ከዚህ ላይ ቢወሰድና
06:40
and put it into this basket,
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ወደ ትምህርት ቢላክ
06:42
you would have a transformative effect.
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የተለየ ውጤት ይኖራቿል::
06:46
The last reason has to do
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የመጨረሻው ምክንያት
06:48
with women being part of the solution, not the problem.
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ሴቶች ጦስ ሳይሆኑ መፍትሄ መሆናቸውን የሚያስረዳ ነው::
06:51
You need to use scarce resources.
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የጎደለውን ሀብት መጠቀም አለባቹ::
06:53
It's a waste of resources if you don't use someone like Dai Manju.
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እንደ ዳይማንጁን አይነት ሀብት አለመጠቀም ብክነት ነው::
06:56
Bill Gates put it very well
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እንደውም ቢል ጌትስ (Bill Gates) በደንብ ብሎታል
06:58
when he was traveling through Saudi Arabia.
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ሳዑዲ አረቢያ እያለ
07:00
He was speaking to an audience much like yourselves.
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ንግግር እያረገ ነበር ልክ ለንደ እናንተ ያለ ሕዝብ::
07:03
However, two-thirds of the way there was a barrier.
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ነገር ገን አንድ ግንብ ነበር ሰዎቹን የሚለይ::
07:06
On this side was men,
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በዚህ በኩል: ሰፋ ያለው ቦታ ላይ:ወንዶች ነበሩ
07:08
and then the barrier, and this side was women.
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ክዛ ግንቡ: በዚህ በኩል ደሞ ሴቶች ነበሩ::
07:10
And someone from this side of the room got up and said,
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በዚህ በኩል ተቀመጦ የነበረ አንድ ሰውዬ ትነሳና እንዲህ አለ:
07:12
"Mr. Gates, we have here as our goal in Saudi Arabia
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"ሚስተር ጌትስ: ሳዑዲ አረቢያ ውስጥ ዓላማችን
07:15
to be one of the top 10 countries
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በ ሥነ መላ ከ አንደኞቹ
07:17
when it comes to technology.
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ሀገሮች መሀል መሁን እንፈልጋለን::
07:19
Do you think we'll make it?"
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ዓላማችን ሚፈጸም ይመስሎታል?"
07:21
So Bill Gates, as he was staring out at the audience, he said,
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ቢል ጌትስ (Bill Gates) ሕዝቡን ትክ ብሎ አየና እንዲህ ብሎ መለሰ:
07:24
"If you're not fully utilizing half the resources in your country,
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"ሙሉ ለሙሉ ያሀገራቹን ግማሽ ሀብት ካልተጠቀማቹ
07:27
there is no way you will get anywhere near the top 10."
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በምንም ዓይነት መንገድ አንደኞቹ ሀገሮች መሀል አትደርሱም::"
07:30
So here is Bill of Arabia.
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ይኸውላቹ እንግዲህ አረባዊው ቢል (Bill)::
07:33
(Laughter)
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...ሳቅታ...
07:35
So what would some of the specific challenges
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እስቲ አንዳንድ የተወሰኑ ፍልሚያዎች
07:37
look like?
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ምን ሊመስሉ ይችላሉ?
07:40
I would say, on the top of the agenda
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ሲጀመር አንዱ ችግር
07:43
is sex trafficking.
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የ ወሲብ ንግድ ይመስለኛል::
07:45
And I'll just say two things about this.
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ለዚህም ሁለት ነገር መናገር እፈልጋለው::
07:47
The slavery at the peak of the slave trade
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በባርነት ግዜ:
07:50
in the 1780s:
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1780 ዓመተ ምሕረት ውስጥ:
07:53
there were about 80,000 slaves
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ወደ 80 ሺህ ባርያዎች ነበሩ
07:55
transported from Africa to the New World.
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ከ አፍሪካ ወደ አዲሱ ዓለም የተጓዙት::
07:58
Now, modern slavery:
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አሁን ዘመናዊው ባርነት:
08:01
according to State Department rough statistics,
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State Department በሚያሳየው ቁጥር
08:04
there are about 800,000 -- 10 times the number --
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ወደ 800 ሺህ ሰዎች ናችቸው (10 እጅ እጥፍ)
08:07
that are trafficked across international borders.
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ከሀገር ሀገር የሚነገዱት::
08:10
And that does not even include those
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ይሄ ደግሞ ሀገር ውስጥ
08:12
that are trafficked within country borders,
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የሚነገዱት ሳይቆጠሩ ነው
08:14
which is a substantial portion.
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እሱ ራሱ በጣም ሰፉ ህዝብ ነው::
08:17
And if you look at
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ሌላ ነግር ላይ ደግሞ
08:19
another factor, another contrast,
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ብታተኩሩ ውይም ሌላ ልዩነት ብታዩ
08:22
a slave back then is worth
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ብዛን ግዜ የ አንድ ባርያ ዋጋ
08:24
about $40,000
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በዘንድሮ ገንዘብ
08:26
in today's money.
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ወደ 40 ሺህ ዶላር ነበር::
08:28
Today, you can buy a girl trafficked
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ዛሬ ለወሲብ ምትሸጥ ሴት
08:31
for a few hundred dollars,
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አንድ 2 መቶ ዶላር ነው ምታወጣው
08:33
which means she's actually more disposable.
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ማለትም በቀላሉ መጣል ትችላለች::
08:36
But you know, there is progress being made
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ነገር ግን በጎ ለውጥ እየታየ ነው
08:39
in places like Cambodia and Thailand.
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እንደ ካምቦዲአና እንደ ታይላንድ ሀገር ውስጥ ለምሳሌ::
08:41
We don't have to expect a world
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ሴቶች የሚ ገዙና የሚሸጡበት አሊያም የሚሞቱበት
08:43
where girls are bought and sold or killed.
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ዓለም ውስጥ መኖር የለብንም::
08:46
The second item on the agenda
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ሁለተኛው ችግር
08:48
is maternal mortality.
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የወሊድና የ እርግዝና ሞት ነው::
08:51
You know, childbirth in this part of the world
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እንደምታውቁት እኛ ዓለም አካባቢ የልጅ መወለድ
08:54
is a wonderful event.
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እጅግ አስደሳች ሁነት ነው::
08:56
In Niger, one in seven women
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ናይጀር ውስጥ: ከ7 የሚውልዱ ሴቶች
08:59
can expect to die during childbirth.
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አንዷ ትሞታለች::
09:02
Around the world,
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ዓለም ውስጥ ባጠቃላይ
09:04
one woman dies every minute and a half from childbirth.
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በየደቂቃው ተኩል 1 የምትወልድ ሴት ትሞታለች::
09:08
You know, it's not as though
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የ ሥነ መላ
09:10
we don't have the technological solution,
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መፍትሄ አተን አይደለም
09:13
but these women have three strikes against them:
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ግን እነዚህ ሴቶች 3 ዕክል ያጋጥማቿል:
09:16
they are poor, they are rural
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ድኻ ናቸው: ባላገር ነው የሚኖሩት:
09:18
and they are female.
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እና ጾታቸው ሴት ነው::
09:21
You know, for every woman who does die,
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አንድ ሴት ስትሞት:
09:23
there are 20 who survive
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20 ይተርፋሉ::
09:25
but end up with an injury.
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ነገር ግን ቁስል ይኖራቿል::
09:27
And the most devastating injury
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ዋናው አውዳሚው ቁስል
09:29
is obstetric fistula.
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ፌስቱላ ነው::
09:31
It's a tearing during obstructed labor
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ምጥ ላይ የሚከሠት ቁስል ሆኖ
09:33
that leaves a woman incontinent.
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ሽንትና ሰገራን መቆጣጠር የማያስችል በሽታ ነው::
09:36
Let me tell you about Mahabuba.
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ስለ ማሃቡባ ልንገራቹ::
09:38
She lives in Ethiopia.
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ኢትዮጵያ ነው መትኖራው::
09:40
She was married against her will at age 13.
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ያለፍላጎቷ በ 13 ዓመቷ አገባች::
09:43
She got pregnant, ran to the bush to have the baby,
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አረገዘች: ጫካ ሮጣ ወለደች:
09:46
but you know, her body was very immature,
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ሰውነቷ ግን ገና ያልበሰለ ስለነበረ:
09:49
and she ended up having obstructed labor.
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ከባድና የቆሰለ ወሊድ ደረሰባት::
09:52
The baby died, and she ended up with a fistula.
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ሕፃኑ ሞተ: እርሷ ደግመ ፌስቱላ ያዛት::
09:55
So that meant she was incontinent;
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ማለትም ሽንቷንና ሰገራዋን
09:57
she couldn't control her wastes.
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መቆጣጠር አትችልም ነበር::
10:00
In a word, she stank.
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ማለትም ትገማ ነበር::
10:02
The villagers thought she was cursed; they didn't know what to do with her.
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የመንደሯ ሰዎች ተረግማልች ብለው ምን እንደሚያረጓት ግራ ሲገባቸው
10:05
So finally, they put her at the edge of the village in a hut.
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መንደሩ መውጫ ላይ ያለ ጎጆ ቤት ውስጥ አስገቧት::
10:08
They ripped off the door
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ሲመሽ ጅብ እንዲያገኛት
10:10
so that the hyenas would get her at night.
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በሩን ገነጠሉት::
10:13
That night, there was a stick in the hut.
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ያን ምሽት አንድ ዱላ ነበር ጎጆ ቤቱ ውስጥ::
10:16
She fought off the hyenas with that stick.
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በዛ ዱላ ጅቦቹን ተከላከለች::
10:19
And the next morning,
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በሚቀጥለው ቀን
10:21
she knew if she could get to a nearby village where there was a foreign missionary,
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የ ውጭ ሀገር ምስዮናዊ ያለበት መንደር መሄድ አሰበች
10:24
she would be saved.
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ምክንያቱም እንደሚያድኗት ታቅ ነበር::
10:26
Because she had some damage to her nerves,
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ነርቮቿ (nerves) ተጎድተው ስለነበር
10:28
she crawled all the way -- 30 miles --
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ለ 48 ኪ/ሜ እየተንፏቀቀች
10:31
to that doorstep, half dead.
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ልትሞት ስትል ደረሰች::
10:34
The foreign missionary opened the door,
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የውጭ አገር ምስዮናዊው በሩን ከፈተላት::
10:36
knew exactly what had happened,
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ምን እንደ ደረሰባት ወድያው ተረዳ
10:38
took her to a nearby fistula hospital in Addis Ababa,
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አዲስ አበባ ያለ የፌስቱላ ሆስፒታል ወሰዳትና
10:41
and she was repaired
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350 ዶላር የሚፈጅ ቀዶ ጥገና
10:43
with a 350-dollar operation.
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አዳናት::
10:46
The doctors and nurses there noticed
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እዛ የነበሩት ሐኪሞችና አስታማሚዎቹ (nurses)
10:48
that she was not only a survivor,
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ጥንካሬዋን ባቻ ሳይሆን ብልህነቷን አየተው
10:50
she was really clever, and they made her a nurse.
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አስታማሚ (nurse) አደረጓት::
10:53
So now, Mahabuba,
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ስለዚህ ማሃቡባ አሁን
10:55
she is saving the lives
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በ መቶዎች ና በሺህዎች የሚቆጠር
10:57
of hundreds, thousands, of women.
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የሴቶችን ሕይወት እያዳነች ነው::
10:59
She has become part of the solution, not the problem.
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ማሃቡባ ጦስ ሳይሆኑ መፍትሄ ነው ያመጣችው::
11:01
She's moved out of a vicious cycle
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ከ መጥፎ ዑደት
11:03
and into a virtuous cycle.
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ወደ በጎ ዑደት ተሸጋገረች::
11:05
I've talked about some of the challenges,
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እስካሁን ድረስ ስለ ፍልምያ ነው ያወራሁት
11:08
let me talk about some of the solutions,
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እስቲ አሁን ወደ የተወሰኑ መፍትሄዎች ልሸጋገርል::
11:10
and there are predictable solutions.
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ታዋቂ መፍትሄዎች አሉ::
11:13
I've hinted at them: education
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በፊት እንዳልኩት አንዱ ትምህርት ነው::
11:15
and also economic opportunity.
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የ ሀብት ዕድልም አስፈላጊ ነው::
11:18
So of course, when you educate a girl,
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በእርግጥ ሴትን ስታስተምሩ
11:21
she tends to get married later on in life,
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ቆይታ ነው ምትዳረው
11:24
she tends to have kids later on in life, she tends to have fewer kids,
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ቆይታ ነው ምትወልደው:: የምትወልደውም ጥቂት ልጆች ነው::
11:27
and those kids that she does have,
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እነሱም ልጆች:
11:29
she educates them in a more enlightened fashion.
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በብልሃት ታስተምራለች::
11:31
With economic opportunity,
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የ ሀብት ዕድል ሲኖር
11:33
it can be transformative.
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ጥሩ ለውጥ ሊገኝ ይችላል::
11:35
Let me tell you about Saima.
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ስለ ሳይማ (Saima) ልንገራቹ::
11:37
She lives in a small village outside Lahore, Pakistan.
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ፓኪስታን ውስጥ: ላሆር ከተማ ወጣ ያለ ትንሽ መንደር ውስጥ ነው ምትኖረው::
11:41
And at the time, she was miserable.
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በዛን ግዜ የሚያሳዝን ኑሮ ነበራት::
11:43
She was beaten every single day
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በባለቤቷ በየቀኑ ትደበደብ ነበር::
11:45
by her husband, who was unemployed.
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በባለቤቷ ስራ አልነበረውም::
11:47
He was kind of a gambler type -- and unemployable, therefore --
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ቁማርተኛ ነገር ነበር ስለዚህ ደና ስራ አልነበረውም::
11:50
and took his frustrations out on her.
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ስለዚህ ንዴቱን እርሷ ላይ ነበር የሚወጣው::
11:52
Well, when she had her second daughter,
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ሁለተኛ ሴት ልጅ ስትወልድ ግዜ
11:54
her mother in-law told her son,
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የ ባልዋ እናት ለልጇ እንዲህ ብላ አለችው:
11:57
"I think you'd better get a second wife.
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"ሁለተኛ ሚስት ብታገባ ይሻልሃል:
11:59
Saima's not going to produce you a son."
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ሳይማ ውንድ ልጅ አትወልድልህም::"
12:03
This is when she had her second daughter.
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ይሄ ታድየ ገና ሁለተኛዋንት ሴት ልጅ ስትወልድ ነው::
12:05
At the time, there was
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በዛን ግዜ
12:07
a microlending group in the village
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የ ትንሽ ገነዘብ አበዳሪ ንግድ ነበር::
12:09
that gave her a 65-dollar loan.
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65 ዶላር አበደሯት::
12:12
Saima took that money,
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ሳይማ ያንን ገንዘብ ወሰደችና
12:15
and she started an embroidery business.
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የጥልፍ ንግድ ጀመረች::
12:18
The merchants liked her embroidery; it sold very well,
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ጥልፏ በጣም ተወደደ:: ቶሎ ቶሎ ተሸጠ::
12:20
and they kept asking for more.
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ገዢዎቿ ደግሞ ደግሞ ጥልፏን ፈለጉ::
12:22
And when she couldn't produce enough,
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ስራው ሲበዛባት
12:24
she hired other women in the village.
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መንደሯ ውስጥ ያሉትን ሴቶች መቅጠር ጀመረች::
12:26
Pretty soon she had 30 women in the village
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ከጥቂት ግዜ በኋላ 30 ሴቶች አብረዋት መሥራት ጀመሩ
12:29
working for her embroidery business.
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ለዚሁ ጥልፍ ንግድ::
12:31
And then,
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ከዛ:
12:33
when she had to transport all of the embroidery goods
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የተጠለፉትን ጨርቆች ማጓጓዝ ሲኖርባት:
12:36
from the village to the marketplace,
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የሚረዳት ሰው አስፈለጋት
12:38
she needed someone to help her do the transport,
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ከ መንደሯ ወደ ገበያ ቦታ የሚወስድላት::
12:40
so she hired her husband.
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ስለዚህ ባለቤቷን ቀጠረችው::
12:42
So now they're in it together.
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አሁን አብረው መሥራት ጀመሩ::
12:44
He does the transportation and distribution,
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እርሱ ያጓጉዝና ያከፋፍላል:
12:46
and she does the production and sourcing.
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እርሷ ደግሞ ጥልፉን ታመርታለች::
12:48
And now they have a third daughter,
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አሁን ደግሞ 3ኛ ሴት ወለዱ::
12:51
and the daughters, all of them, are being tutored in education
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ሦስቱም ትምህርት ላይ ናቸው
12:54
because Saima knows what's really important.
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መክንያቱም ሳይማ ምን አስፈላጊ እንደሆነ በደንብ ታውቃለች::
12:57
Which brings me to the final element, which is education.
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ይሄ ነው እንገዲህ የመጨረሻው ነጥቤ ላይ የሚወስደኝ: እሱም ትምህርት ነው::
13:01
Larry Summers, when he was chief economist at the World Bank,
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ሌሪ ሳመርስ (Larry Summers) የ ዓለም ባንክ ዋና የምጣኔ ሀብት ባለሞያ እያለ:
13:04
once said that, "It may well be
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እንዲህ ብሎ ተናገረ:
13:07
that the highest return on investment
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"ለ ሦስተኛው ዓለም የ መዋለ ንዋይ
13:09
in the developing world
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ከፍተኛው ገቢ ሚመጣው
13:11
is in girls' education."
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ከ ሴቶች ትምህርት ነው"::
13:14
Let me tell you about Beatrice Biira.
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ስለ ቤአትሪስ ቢራ (Beatrice Biira) ልንገራቹ::
13:16
Beatrice was living in Uganda
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ኡጋንዳ ነበር ምትኖረው:
13:19
near the Congo border,
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ኮንጎ ድንበር አጠገብ::
13:21
and like Dai Manju, she didn't go to school.
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እሷም ልክ እንደ ዳይማንጁ ትምህርት ቤት አትሄድም ነበረ::
13:23
Actually, she had never been to school,
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እንደውም ብሕይወቷ ሄዳም አታቅ::
13:26
not to a lick, one day.
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አንድም ቀን::
13:28
Her parents, again, said,
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ቤተሰቦቿም
13:30
"Why should we spend the money on her?
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"እርሷ ላይ ገንዘባችንን ለምን እንጨርሳለን?
13:32
She's going to spend most of her life lugging water back and forth."
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እድሜ ልኳን ውሃ ስታጓጉዝ ነው ምታሳልፈው::"
13:35
Well, it just so happens, at that time,
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እንገዲህ በዛን ግዜ:
13:38
there was a group in Connecticut
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ኒያንቲክ ኮምዩኒቲ ቸርች ግሩፕ
13:41
called the Niantic Community Church Group in Connecticut.
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የሚባል ነበረ ኮነክቲከት (Connecticut) ውስጥ::
13:44
They made a donation to an organization
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ይሄ ድርጅት እርዳታ ሰጠ
13:46
based in Arkansas
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ለ አርካንሳስ (Arkansas) ለሚገኘው
13:48
called Heifer International.
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ሔይፈር ኢንተርናሽናል (Heifer International) ለተባለ ማኅበር::
13:50
Heifer sent two goats to Africa.
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ሔይፈር (Heifer) ሁለት ፍየል ወደ አፍሪካ ላከ::
13:53
One of them ended up with Beatrice's parents,
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ባጋጣሚ አንደኛዋ ፍየል እነ ቤአትሪስ ቤት ተላከች::
13:56
and that goat had twins.
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ፍየሏም መንታ ወለደች::
13:58
The twins started producing milk.
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መንታዎቹ ወተት መስጠት ጀመሩ::
14:00
They sold the milk for cash.
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ወተቱም ተሸጠ::
14:02
The cash started accumulating,
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ገንዘብ ተባዛ: ተጠራቀመ::
14:04
and pretty soon the parents said,
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ከትንሽ ግዜ በኋላ ቤተሰቦቿ እንዲህ አሉ:
14:06
"You know, we've got enough money. Let's send Beatrice to school."
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"አሁን በቂ ገንዘብ አለን:: ቤአትሪስን ትምህርት ቤት እንላካት::"
14:09
So at nine years of age,
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ስለዚህ በ 9 ዓመቷ
14:11
Beatrice started in first grade --
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ቤአትሪስ 1ኛ ክፍል ገባች
14:13
after all, she'd never been to a lick of school --
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(ምንም ቢሆን እስካሁን ትምህርት ቤት ደርሳም አታቅም ነብር)
14:15
with a six year-old.
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ሌሎቹ ተማሪዎች 6 ዓመታቸው ነበር::
14:17
No matter, she was just delighted to be in school.
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ሁኖም ቀረ ደስተኛ ነበረች ትምህርት ቤት በመግባቷ::
14:19
She rocketed to the top of her class.
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በፍጥነት የክፍሏ አንደኛ ተማሪ ሆነች
14:21
She stayed at the top of her class
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በዛው ጉብዝና: አንደኛ ሆና
14:24
through elementary school, middle school,
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የመጀመሪያ ደረጃ ትምህርት ጨረሰች::
14:26
and then in high school,
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እንደዛውም የሁለተኛ ደረጃ ትምህርት ጨረሰች::
14:28
she scored brilliantly on the national examinations
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ብሔራዊ ፈተና ላይ መርጥ ውጤት አመጣች::
14:31
so that she became the first person in her village,
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ከመንደሯ የ መጀመሪያ ሰው ናት
14:34
ever, to come to the United States
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ወደ አሜሪካን ሀገር (USA)
14:36
on scholarship.
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በ ትምህርት ሊቅነት (scholarship) የመጣች
14:38
Two years ago,
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የዛሬ ሁለት ዓመት
14:40
she graduated from Connecticut College.
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ከ ኮነክቲከት ኮሌጅ ተመረቀች::
14:43
On the day of her graduation,
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የምርቃትቷ ዕለት
14:45
she said, "I am the luckiest girl alive
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እንዲህ አለች: "በጣም ዕድለኛ ነኝ
14:48
because of a goat."
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ዕድሜ ለ አንዲት ፍየል::"
14:50
(Laughter)
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...ሳቅታ...
14:52
And that goat was $120.
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ያቺ ፍየል 120 ዶላር ነበረች::
14:54
So you see how transformative
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አያቹ አይደል እንዴት አይነት ለውጥ
14:57
little bits of help can be.
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ሊኖር እንደሚችል ከትንሽ ነገር ተነስተን::
14:59
But I want to give you a reality check.
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ነገር ግን እውነቱን ላውጣው እስቲ::
15:02
Look: U.S. aid, helping people is not easy,
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የ U.S. aid እርዳታ ቀላል አይደለም::
15:05
and there have been books that have criticized U.S. aid.
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ብዙ መጽሐፎች አሉ U.S. aidን የሚተቹ::
15:08
There's Bill Easterly's book.
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የ ቢል ኢስተርሊ (Bill Easterly) መጽሐፍ አለ ለምሳሌ::
15:10
There's a book called "Dead Aid."
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"Dead Aid" ማለትም "የሞተ እርዳታ" የሚባል መጽሐፍ አለ::
15:12
You know, the criticism is fair;
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ትችቱ በመጠኑ ትክክል ነው::
15:14
it isn't easy.
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ቀላል አይደለም::
15:16
You know, people say how
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እንደምታቁትና እንደሚነገረን
15:18
half of all water well projects, a year later, are failed.
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ከሚሰሩት የውሃ ጉድጓድ ግማሾቹ ከ አንድ ዓመት በኋላ ይበላሻሉ::
15:20
When I was in Zimbabwe,
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ዚምባብዌ እያለው
15:22
we were touring a place with the village chief --
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ከመንደሩ መሪ ጋር ሀገሩን እየጎበኘን እያለ
15:24
he wanted to raise money for a secondary school --
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(መሪው ገንዘብ መሰብሰብ ፈልጎ ነበር ለትምህርት ቤት)
15:27
and there was some construction a few yards away,
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የሆነ ግንባታ ነበር ከ ትንሽ ሜትር በኋላ::
15:29
and I said, "What's that?"
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እንዲህ ብዬ ጠየኩኝ "ያ ምንድን ነው?"
15:31
He sort of mumbled.
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መሪው አጉተመተመ::
15:33
Turns out that it's a failed irrigation project.
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ያልተሳካ የ መስኖ ዓላማ ነበር::
15:35
A few yards away was a failed chicken coop.
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ከትንሽ መንገድ በኋላ ያልተሳካ የ ዶሮ ማረቢያ ቤት ነበር::
15:38
One year, all the chickens died, and no one wanted to put the chickens in there.
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አንድ ዓመት ላይ ዶሮዎቹ ሁሉ ሲሞቱ:ሌላም ዶሮ ገብቶበትም አያቅ::
15:41
It's true, but we think that you don't through the baby out with the bathwater;
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እውነት ነው ይሄ ሁሉ::ነገር ግን መጥፎውን ከ ጥሩዉ ጋር መጣል የለብንም::
15:44
you actually improve.
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ማሻሻል ይቻላል::
15:46
You learn from your mistakes, and you continuously improve.
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ከ ስሕተት መማርና እየቀጠሉ ማሻሻል አለ::
15:49
We also think that individuals
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እንደሚመስለን ሰው ሁሉ
15:51
can make a difference, and they should,
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ለውጥ ማምጣት ይችላል:: እንደውም ለውጥ ማምጣት የገባዋል
15:54
because individuals, together,
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ምክንያቱም አብረን
15:56
we can all help create a movement.
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በጎ እንቅስቃሴ መፍጠር እንችላለን::
15:59
And a movement of men and women
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የወንድም የሴትም እንቅስቃሴ ደግሞ
16:01
is what's needed to bring about social change,
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ያስፈልጋል ማኅበራዊ ለውጥ እንዲገኝ::
16:03
change that will address
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ይሄ ለውጥ
16:06
this great moral challenge.
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የ ዓለምን ትልቅ ፍልሚያ ለመቆጣጠር ይችላል::
16:08
So then, I ask,
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ስለዚህ ይሄንን ልጠይቃቹ እስቲ:
16:11
what's in it for you?
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ለናንተ ምን ጥቅም አለው ይሄ?
16:13
You're probably asking that. Why should you care?
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ይሄኔ በልባቹ 'እኔ ምን ቸገረኝ?' እያላቹ ነው::
16:16
I will just leave you with two things.
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እነዚህን ሁለት ነጥቦችን ተናግሬ ልተዋቹ::
16:18
One is that research shows
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1ኛ: ዓውደ ጥናት እንደሚያሳየው
16:21
that once you have
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ዋና አስፈላጊ
16:23
all of your material needs taken care of --
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መሰረታዊ ሀብት ካለን በኋላ
16:26
which most of us, all of us, here in this room do --
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(እዚህ ያለነው አብዛኞቻችን : እንደውም ሁላችንም እንዳለን)
16:29
research shows that
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ጥናት እነደሚያሳየው
16:31
there are very few things in life
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ጥቂት ነገሮች ናቸው
16:33
that can actually elevate your level of happiness.
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ከምር ደስታችንን የሚጨምሩት::
16:36
One of those things
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አንዱ
16:38
is contributing to a cause larger than yourself.
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ራሳችንን አለፈን ሌላን መርዳት ነው::
16:43
And the second thing,
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2ኛ:
16:45
it's an anecdote that I'll leave you with.
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አሁን በምነግራቹ አጭር ታሪክ የሚቋጭ ነው::
16:47
And that is the story
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ታሪኩም ስለአንዲት
16:49
of an aid worker in Darfur.
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የ ዳርፉር እርዳታ ሰራተኛ ነው::
16:52
Here was a woman
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እግንዲህ ይች ሴት
16:54
who had worked in Darfur,
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ዳርፉት ብዙ ግዜ የሰራች
16:56
seeing things that no human being should see.
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ማንም ሰው ማየት የሌለበትን ነገር ሁሉ አይታ ኖረች
17:00
Throughout her time there,
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እዛ በተቀመጠችበት ግዜ::
17:02
she was strong, she was steadfast.
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ጠንካራ ነበረች: ታማኝ ነበረች::
17:05
She never broke down.
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አንድም ቀን ሳትደክም: ሳታማርር
17:08
And then she came back to the United States
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አሜሪካን ሀገር (USA) ተመለሰች::
17:10
and was on break, Christmas break.
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የ ገና ረፍቷ ላይ ነበረች::
17:12
She was in her grandmother's backyard,
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አያቷ ጓሮ ተቅምጣ
17:15
and she saw something that made her break down in tears.
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ያየችው ነገር ለቅሶ በ ለቅሶ አረጋት::
17:19
What that was
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ያየችው ምን መሰላቹ?
17:21
was a bird feeder.
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የ ወፍ መመገቢያ ሠሌዳ::
17:24
And she realized that she had the great fortune
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ያኔ ምን ዓይነት ዕድል እንዳላት ተረዳች
17:27
to be born in a country
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እንደዚህ ዓይነት ሀገር ውስጥ በመወለዷ::
17:29
where we take security for granted,
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ደኅንነት እንደ ቀላል ነገር የምናይ:
17:32
where we not only can feed, clothe
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ራሳችንን ማብላት: ማልበስ: ማኖር
17:34
and house ourselves,
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የምንችልበት ብቻ ሳይሆን:
17:37
but also provide for wild birds
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ክረምት ላይ እንዳይርባቸው
17:40
so they don't go hungry in the winter.
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ወፎችን የመንከባከብ::
17:44
And she realized that with that great fortune
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በዛ ታላቅ ሀብት ታድያ
17:47
comes great responsibility.
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ትልቅ ኀላፊነት እንዳለ ተረዳች::
17:50
And so, like her,
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ስለዚህ ልክ እንደ እርሷ:
17:53
you, me,
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እናንተም: እኔም
17:55
we have all won the lottery of life.
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ሁላችንም: የ ሕይወትን ሽልማት አሸንፈናል::
17:58
And so the question becomes:
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አሁን ታድያ የቀረን አንድ ጥያቄ ነው:
18:00
how do we discharge that responsibility?
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ያንን ኀላፊነት እንዴት አርገን ነው ምንከፍለው?
18:03
So, here's the cause.
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ስለዚህ ጉዳዩ ይኸውና
18:05
Join the movement.
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እንቅስቃሴውን ተከተሉ::
18:07
Feel happier and help save the world.
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ተደሰቱ:: እናም ዓለምን አድኗት::
18:10
Thank you very much.
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በጣም አመሰግናለው::
18:12
(Applause)
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... ጭብጨባ...
Translated by Mariam Sambe
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sheryl WuDunn - Author, journalistAs a journalist reporting on China, Sheryl WuDunn saw the everyday oppression of women around the world. She and Nick Kristof wrote "Half the Sky," chronicling women's stories of horror and, especially, hope.
Why you should listen
Sheryl WuDunn and her husband, Nick Kristof, won a Pulitzer for their New York Times coverage of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests. Their joint reporting work in China and other developing nations convinced them both that, just as slavery was the moral issue of the 19th century, sex trafficking, gender-based violence and other abuses make women's rights the moral issue of the 21st.
In their book Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide, WuDunn and Kristof make the case for empowering women as a means of development. Women tend to spend more on education, nutrition and business, the economic engines of growth in a community. And if we can find ways to develop the untapped potential of the millions of women who are now left uneducated, denied basic rights, oppressed and threatened -- we'll turn on a firehose of economic power that could transform the developing world.
Sheryl WuDunn | Speaker | TED.com