TED2007
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala: Want to help Africa? Do business here
恩戈奇 奥孔约 依维拉谈非洲的商机
Filmed:
Readability: 4
1,351,670 views
我们总是听闻非洲的一些负面新闻，如饥荒，疾病，冲突和贪污。但恩戈奇说，非洲国家也有另外一些事情正在发生，这些事很少被人提及，比如非洲的改革和经济增长，非洲的商机。
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:30
Thank you very much, Chris. Everybody who came up here
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非常感谢克里斯。每位走上讲台的人
00:33
said they were scared. I don't know if I'm scared,
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都说他们很害怕。我也不清楚我是否害怕，
00:37
but this is my first time of addressing an audience like this.
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但我还是第一次像这样面对公众演说。
00:41
And I don't have any smart technology for you to look at.
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我的演讲中没有智能技术辅助供你们参阅。
00:45
There are no slides, so you'll just have to be content with me.
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没有幻灯片，只要你们对我本人感到满意就好。
00:48
(Laughter)
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笑
00:51
What I want to do this morning is share with you a couple of stories
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我想利用这个上午和大家分享几个故事
00:57
and talk about a different Africa.
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并向大家讲述一个不一样的非洲。
01:00
Already this morning there were some allusions to the Africa
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在此之前有一些事情经常被用来暗指非洲，
01:04
that you hear about all the time: the Africa of HIV/AIDS,
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就像你们一直听说的那样：非洲的艾滋病毒，
01:09
the Africa of malaria, the Africa of poverty, the Africa of conflict,
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非洲的疟疾，非洲的贫穷，非洲国家的冲突，
01:15
and the Africa of disasters.
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以及非洲境内的种种灾难。
01:18
While it is true that those things are going on,
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这些事情确有发生
01:22
there's an Africa that you don't hear about very much.
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但我要介绍的是一个大家不常听闻的非洲。
01:26
And sometimes I'm puzzled, and I ask myself why.
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有时我也很困惑，常自问这是为什么。
01:30
This is the Africa that is changing, that Chris alluded to.
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正如克里斯说的，这是一个不断变化着的非洲。
01:34
This is the Africa of opportunity.
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一个充满机遇的非洲。
01:36
This is the Africa where people want to take charge of
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一个人们想要自己掌握
01:39
their own futures and their own destinies.
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未来和命运的非洲
01:41
And this is the Africa where people are looking for partnerships
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一个人们在不断寻求合作，以实现上述目标的非洲。
01:44
to do this. That's what I want to talk about today.
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这正是我今天想要谈的。
01:48
And I want to start by telling you
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我想先给大家讲个故事
01:50
a story about that change in Africa.
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故事有关非洲的转变。
01:53
On 15th of September 2005, Mr. Diepreye Alamieyeseigha,
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2005年9月15日，迪普利亚先生
01:58
a governor of one of the oil-rich states of Nigeria,
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时任尼日利亚一州之长，此州盛产石油
02:02
was arrested by the London Metropolitan Police on a visit to London.
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他在伦敦访问期间被伦敦市警察逮捕。
02:09
He was arrested because there were transfers of eight million dollars
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原因是有800万美元巨款
02:14
that went into some dormant accounts
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转入他和他家人的
02:17
that belonged to him and his family.
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几个休眠账户。
02:21
This arrest occurred because there was cooperation
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这次逮捕行动是
02:23
between the London Metropolitan Police
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由伦敦市警察
02:26
and the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission of Nigeria --
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与尼日利亚经济与金融犯罪委员会合作进行的。
02:29
led by one of our most able and courageous people: Mr. Nuhu Ribadu.
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上述委员会由我们国家最具才干与勇气的人之一-努胡 利巴杜领导。
02:36
Alamieyeseigha was arraigned in London.
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对Alamieyeseigha 的传讯在伦敦进行。
02:39
Due to some slip-ups, he managed to escape dressed as a woman
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由于疏忽，他乔装成女人成功逃脱，
02:43
and ran from London back to Nigeria where,
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从伦敦跑回了尼日利亚。在尼日利亚，
02:46
according to our constitution, those in office
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与世界上很多国家一样，我们的宪法规定：
02:50
as governors, president -- as in many countries --
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那些在政府任职的，如地方长官，总统这样的官员
02:52
have immunity and cannot be prosecuted. But what happened:
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拥有豁免权，可以免于被起诉。但接下来发生的事却是这样的：
02:57
people were so outraged by this behavior that it was possible
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当地人民对他的行为很是愤怒，
03:01
for his state legislature to impeach him and get him out of office.
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该州州议会对他进行了弹劾，把他赶下台了
03:08
Today, Alams -- as we call him for short -- is in jail.
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而现在，我们暂且简单的称其为Alams,他正在监狱服刑。
03:11
This is a story about the fact that people in Africa
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这个故事说明，非洲的人民已经不再能够容忍他们领导人的腐败行为了。
03:16
are no longer willing to tolerate corruption from their leaders.
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已经不再能够容忍他们领导人的腐败行为了。
03:22
This is a story about the fact that people want their resources
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这个故事同时也说明，非洲人民希望他们的资源
03:27
managed properly for their good, and not taken out to places
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能够得到合理管理，为他们造福
03:32
where they'll benefit just a few of the elite.
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而不是仅仅让少数精英获利。♪
03:35
And therefore, when you hear about the corrupt Africa --
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因此当你们总在听闻非洲的腐败时，
03:39
corruption all the time -- I want you to know that the people
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我想要你们知道，
03:43
and the governments are trying hard to fight this
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一些国家的人民和政府正在全力打击腐败行为。
03:46
in some of the countries, and that some successes are emerging.
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并且取得了不错的效果。
03:50
Does it mean the problem is over? The answer is no.
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这就意味着问题解决了么。答案是否定的。
03:53
There's still a long way to go, but that there's a will there.
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我们还有很长的路要走，但我们有决心。
03:57
And that successes are being chalked up on this very important fight.
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在这场重要的打击行动中，我们取得的成功会被记下。
04:01
So when you hear about corruption,
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所以，当你们再听说非洲的腐败时，
04:03
don't just feel that nothing is being done about this --
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请不要再认为我们什么都没做，
04:06
that you can't operate in any African country
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不要认为非洲腐败盛行，你们无法在其中任何国家经营事业。
04:09
because of the overwhelming corruption. That is not the case.
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因为事情不是这样的。
04:12
There's a will to fight, and in many countries, that fight is ongoing
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许多国家立志打击腐败，这场打击行动正在进行并且取得了成功。
04:18
and is being won. In others, like mine,
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在别的地方，像是我的家乡，
04:22
where there has been a long history of dictatorship in Nigeria,
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一个在尼日利亚有着很长专政历史的地方，
04:25
the fight is ongoing and we have a long way to go.
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打击行动同样正在进行着，我们今后的路还很长。
04:29
But the truth of the matter is that this is going on.
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但事实是打击行动正在进行。
04:34
The results are showing:
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并且已经初见成效：
04:36
independent monitoring by the World Bank and other organizations
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世界银行和其他组织独立监察报告称：
04:40
show that in many instances the trend is downwards
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腐败现象呈下降趋势，
04:44
in terms of corruption, and governance is improving.
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政府的监管力度有所加强。
04:47
A study by the Economic Commission for Africa showed
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非洲经济委员会的一项研究显示
04:51
a clear trend upwards in governance in 28 African countries.
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非洲28个国家的监管力度呈明显的上升趋势。
04:55
And let me say just one more thing
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在我结束监管这个话题时，
04:57
before I leave this area of governance.
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我想再说一点：
04:59
That is that people talk about corruption, corruption.
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人们爱谈论腐败，
05:02
All the time when they talk about it
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并且每当他们谈论这个话题时，
05:04
you immediately think about Africa.
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你就会立刻想到非洲。
05:06
That's the image: African countries. But let me say this:
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这就是非洲国家的形象。但是请听我说：
05:10
if Alams was able to export eight million dollars into an account in London --
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要是Alams成功地将800万美金存入了伦敦的账户中，
05:18
if the other people who had taken money, estimated at
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要是有其他人也拿了这么大一笔钱
05:22
20 to 40 billion now of developing countries' monies
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那么估计现在就有200至400亿来自发展中国家的钱
05:26
sitting abroad in the developed countries -- if they're able to do this,
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被转移到发达国家了，当然前提是这些人能做到这一点
05:29
what is that? Is that not corruption?
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那这算什么？这难道不是腐败么
05:33
In this country, if you receive stolen goods, are you not prosecuted?
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在这些国家，如果你收受赃物，难道你不会被判刑吗？
05:38
So when we talk about this kind of corruption, let us also think
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所以当我们再谈论这类腐败事件时，让我们也想一想
05:41
about what is happening on the other side of the globe --
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地球的另一边正在发生的事。
05:44
where the money's going and what can be done to stop it.
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钱正流向哪里，还有我们能做些什么来阻止这些事情发生。
05:48
I'm working on an initiative now, along with the World Bank,
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现在，我正与世界银行合作在资产回收问题上
05:51
on asset recovery, trying to do what we can
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尝试一种新的方案，我们正在尽全力
05:54
to get the monies that have been taken abroad --
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把那些已经带到国外的的钱，
05:57
developing countries' moneys -- to get that sent back.
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也就是发展中国家的钱回收回来。
06:00
Because if we can get the 20 billion dollars sitting out there back,
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因为如果我们能够将流散在外的200亿美元回收回来的话，
06:03
it may be far more for some of these countries
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对某些国家来说，
06:06
than all the aid that is being put together.
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这比他们得到的所有救助的总和还要多。
06:09
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
06:16
The second thing I want to talk about is the will for reform.
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我想要谈的第二点是改革的决心
06:20
Africans, after -- they're tired, we're tired
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非洲人，他们厌倦了，我们已经厌倦了
06:24
of being the subject of everybody's charity and care.
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作为所有人帮扶的对象。
06:29
We are grateful, but we know that
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我们（对给予我们的帮助）心存感激，但我们知道
06:33
we can take charge of our own destinies if we have the will to reform.
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如果我们决心改革的话，我们就能掌控自己的命运。
06:38
And what is happening in many African countries now is a realization
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许多非洲国家已经意识到除了我们自己，
06:42
that no one can do it but us. We have to do it.
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没有人能做成这件事。 我们必须要改革。
06:46
We can invite partners who can support us, but we have to start.
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我们可以邀请合作伙伴来帮助我们，但我们一定要开始改革。
06:50
We have to reform our economies, change our leadership,
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我们必须改革我们的经济体系，变更领导机制，
06:53
become more democratic, be more open to change and to information.
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使我们的国家更民主，更加与时俱进。
06:59
And this is what we started to do
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这正是我们，在非洲大陆的其中一个大国，
07:01
in one of the largest countries on the continent, Nigeria.
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尼日利亚，已经着手进行的。
07:04
In fact, if you're not in Nigeria, you're not in Africa.
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事实上，如果你没到过尼日利亚，你就没到过非洲。
07:07
I want to tell you that.
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我要告诉你们。
07:08
(Laughter)
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笑
07:09
One in four sub-Saharan Africans is Nigerian,
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¼的撒哈拉以南的非洲人是尼日利亚人，
07:13
and it has 140 million dynamic people -- chaotic people --
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尼日利亚拥有140，000，000流动人口-混乱的人群-
07:19
but very interesting people. You'll never be bored.
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但是很有趣的人群。在那里，你永远不会感到无聊。
07:23
(Laughter)
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笑
07:24
What we started to do was to realize
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我们首先意识到
07:26
that we had to take charge and reform ourselves.
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我们要自己主导改革。
07:29
And with the support of a leader
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这一过程需要得到
07:31
who was willing, at the time, to do the reforms,
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一位有改革的决心的领袖的支持
07:34
we put forward a comprehensive reform program,
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我们提出了一个全面的改革方案
07:36
which we developed ourselves.
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这一方案是由我们自己设计的
07:38
Not the International Monetary Fund. Not the World Bank,
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不是国际货币基金组织设计的，也不靠世界银行，
07:41
where I worked for 21 years and rose to be a vice president.
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我曾经在世行工作了21年，做到了副主席职位。
07:45
No one can do it for you. You have to do it for yourself.
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你不可以假手于人。你一定要自己亲自去做。
07:47
We put together a program that would, one: get the state
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在我们提出的方案里，首先要做的是使政府
07:51
out of businesses it had nothing -- it had no business being in.
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权力退出企业，政府完全不应该掺杂到商业运作里
07:55
The state should not be in the business
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政府不应参与到
07:57
of producing goods and services
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生产产品，提供服务的企业里
07:58
because it's inefficient and incompetent.
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因为这样效率低下且不具竞争力。
08:01
So we decided to privatize many of our enterprises.
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因而我们决定将许多企业私有化。
08:05
(Applause)
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（掌声）
08:10
We -- as a result, we decided to liberalize many of our markets.
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我们最终决定开放许多市场。
08:14
Can you believe that prior to this reform --
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你一定不会相信，改革之前
08:17
which started at the end of 2003, when I left Washington
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也就是在2003年底，在我离开华盛顿
08:21
to go and take up the post of Finance Minister --
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担任本国的财政部长之前，
08:25
we had a telecommunications company that was only able to develop
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我们的一个电信公司在其发展的30年间
08:29
4,500 landlines in its entire 30-year history?
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仅接通了4500条地上通讯线。
08:34
(Laughter)
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（笑）
08:36
Having a telephone in my country was a huge luxury.
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在我的家乡拥有一部电话是一件极为奢侈的事。
08:39
You couldn't get it. You had to bribe.
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你很难安上电话，你还要为此行贿，
08:41
You had to do everything to get your phone.
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你得不惜一切才能安上电话。
08:43
When President Obasanjo supported and launched
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当奥巴桑乔总统支持并实行
08:46
the liberalization of the telecommunications sector,
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开放电信市场后，
08:51
we went from 4,500 landlines to 32 million GSM lines, and counting.
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我们的4500条地上通讯线变为了3200万条全球移动通讯线路，而且还在增加，
08:59
Nigeria's telecoms market is the second-fastest growing in the world,
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尼日利亚电信市场的增长速度位居世界第二，
09:04
after China. We are getting investments of about a billion dollars a year
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仅次于中国。我们每年在这一电信业投资大约10亿元
09:09
in telecoms. And nobody knows, except a few smart people.
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而除了少数聪明人外，没人会知道这一事实。
09:15
(Laughter)
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（笑）
09:18
The smartest one, first to come in,
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最明智的一家公司要属
09:22
was the MTN company of South Africa.
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最先进入该市场的南非MTN公司。
09:24
And in the three years that I was Finance Minister,
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在我担任财政部长的三年间，
09:28
they made an average of 360 million dollars profit per year.
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它们年均盈利3亿6千万美元。
09:33
360 million in a market -- in a country that is a poor country,
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3亿6千万，这是在一个
09:39
with an average per capita income just under 500 dollars per capita.
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人均收入不足500美元的贫困国家实现的。
09:44
So the market is there.
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因此，市场是存在的。
09:46
When they kept this under wraps, but soon others got to know.
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即使他们想把这个市场隐藏起来，别人还是很快就会知道。
09:50
Nigerians themselves began to develop
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尼日利亚人自己也开始创立
09:53
some wireless telecommunications companies,
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一些无线电信公司。
09:55
and three or four others have come in.
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另外还有3,4家外国公司进入了市场
09:57
But there's a huge market out there,
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但是广阔的市场空间就摆在那里。
10:00
and people don't know about it, or they don't want to know.
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而人们对此一无所知，或他们根本不想知道。
10:05
So privatization is one of the things we've done.
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私有化是我们完成的其中一件事。
10:08
The other thing we've also done is to manage our finances better.
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我们做的另一件事是将我们的财政管理得更好。
10:15
Because nobody's going to help you and support you
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因为如果你连本国的财政都管理得不好的话，
10:18
if you're not managing your own finances well.
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没人会帮助你，支持你。
10:21
And Nigeria, with the oil sector, had the reputation
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拥有石油业的尼日利亚
10:25
of being corrupt and not managing its own public finances well.
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就以腐败多发，财政糟糕著称。
10:30
So what did we try to do? We introduced a fiscal rule
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那么我们作了什么尝试呢？我们采用了一项财政规则
10:35
that de-linked our budget from the oil price.
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即将预算与石油价格脱钩。
10:37
Before we used to just budget on whatever oil we bring in,
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在此之前，我们的做法是根据石油能带来的收入调整预算
10:41
because oil is the biggest, most revenue-earning sector
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因为石油是我国最大，最赚钱的产业-
10:46
in the economy: 70 percent of our revenues come from oil.
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我们70%的收入来自石油。
10:49
We de-linked that, and once we did it, we began to budget
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我们将两者脱钩，开始将预算
10:53
at a price slightly lower than the oil price
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设定在稍低于石油价格的水平
10:56
and save whatever was above that price.
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而高于该价格的收入就是财政盈余
11:01
We didn't know we could pull it off; it was very controversial.
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我们当时并不知道这么做是否会成功，这在当时引起了很大的争议
11:04
But what it immediately did was that the volatility
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但是我们收到了立竿见影的效果。
11:07
that had been present in terms of our economic development --
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曾经在我们的经济发展中所展现的波动性
11:10
where, even if oil prices were high, we would grow very fast.
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也就是说，当石油价格高企的时候，我们会发展得很快
11:14
When they crashed, we crashed.
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当石油价格崩溃的时候，我们也会遭殃
11:16
And we could hardly even pay anything, any salaries, in the economy.
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我们的经济能力甚至可能会无法支付任何东西，任何工资
11:21
That smoothened out. We were able to save, just before I left,
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我们的改革缓和了这种波动性。在我离任前，我们的国家
11:25
27 billion dollars. Whereas -- and this went to our reserves --
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有270亿的盈余，这些盈余都进入了我们的国库。而与之相比
11:31
when I arrived in 2003, we had seven billion dollars in reserves.
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在2003年我上任的时候，我们国家仅有70亿的储备金
11:36
By the time I left, we had gone up to almost 30 billion dollars. And
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到我离开的时候，我们的储备金上升至将近300亿。
11:39
as we speak now, we have about 40 billion dollars in reserves
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而现在来说，由于对我们的财政的合理管理
11:43
due to proper management of our finances.
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我们的国库里有将近400亿的储备金
11:48
And that shores up our economy, makes it stable.
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这使我们的经济快速、稳定地发展。
11:51
Our exchange rate that used to fluctuate all the time
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我们那曾经不断波动的汇率
11:54
is now fairly stable and being managed so that business people
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现在相当稳定并且得到了有效管理，这使商人
11:58
have a predictability of prices in the economy.
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可以预计经济生活中各种物资的价格
12:05
We brought inflation down from 28 percent to about 11 percent.
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我们将通胀率从28%降至大约11%
12:11
And we had GDP grow from an average of 2.3 percent the previous decade
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我们的国内生产总值增长从过去十年的平均2.3%
12:17
to about 6.5 percent now.
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上升至现在的6.5%
12:21
So all the changes and reforms we were able to make
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可以说我们能做到的所有改变和改革
12:24
have shown up in results that are measurable in the economy.
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所带来的成效都通过实质的经济数据显现出来了。
12:27
And what is more important, because we want to get away from oil
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更重要的是，由于我们都希望摆脱对石油的依赖
12:31
and diversify -- and there are so many opportunities
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使我们的经济多元化——正如其他非洲国家一样
12:33
in this one big country, as in many countries in Africa --
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——我们这样的一个大国家充满了机遇
12:38
what was remarkable is that much of this growth came
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值得注意的是这一经济增长中的很大一部分
12:41
not from the oil sector alone, but from non-oil.
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并非单纯来自于石油业，而是来自非石油业。
12:44
Agriculture grew at better than eight percent.
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农业的增长高于8%。
12:47
As telecoms sector grew, housing and construction,
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同样有增长的还有电信业，房屋及建筑业，
12:51
and I could go on and on. And this is to illustrate to you that
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我还可以不断地举例。这就证明了
12:56
once you get the macro-economy straightened out,
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只要把宏观经济理顺
12:58
the opportunities in various other sectors are enormous.
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在各个领域都能发现巨大的商机
13:03
We have opportunities in agriculture, like I said.
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正如我所说的，我们的农业有很多的发展机会
13:06
We have opportunities in solid minerals. We have a lot of minerals
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我们的固体矿产也存在商机。我们的矿产资源丰富
13:10
that no one has even invested in or explored. And we realized
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但没有人投资或者开采。我们已经意识到
13:13
that without the proper legislation to make that possible,
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如果没有相应的立法
13:16
that wouldn't happen. So we've now got a mining code
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资源是得不到开发的。所以现在我们有一部
13:19
that is comparable with some of the best in the world.
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可与世界上一些最好的法律相媲美的矿业法
13:23
We have opportunities in housing and real estate.
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我们的住房和房地产业也充满商机
13:25
There was nothing in a country of 140 million people --
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在这个有1400万人口的国家里，什么都没有
13:29
no shopping malls as you know them here.
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正如你所知道的，以前这里没有购物中心
13:35
This was an investment opportunity for someone
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这对于被人们的想象力所激发的人来说
13:38
that excited the imagination of people.
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是一个投资的机会
13:41
And now, we have a situation in which the businesses in this mall
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现在，在这个购物中心的商家们
13:44
are doing four times the turnover that they had projected.
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都取得了他们预期的四倍的营业额
13:48
So, huge things in construction, real estate,
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因此可以说，建筑业，房地产
13:51
mortgage markets. Financial services:
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和抵押贷款行业都发生了巨大的变化。现在我们来看看金融服务业：
13:54
we had 89 banks. Too many not doing their real business.
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我们以前有89家银行。很多银行并没有在真正开展业务
13:58
We consolidated them from 89 to 25 banks by requiring
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我们将89家银行整合至25家。
14:02
that they increase their capital -- share capital.
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这是通过要求它们增加资本——股票资本实现的。
14:07
And it went from about 25 million dollars to 150 million dollars.
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我们对银行的资本要求从原来的2500万上升至1亿5000万
14:12
The banks -- these banks are now consolidated, and that strengthening
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这些银行现在已经整合，而银行系统的加强
14:16
of the banking system has attracted a lot of investment from outside.
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吸引了很多来自国外的投资。
14:20
Barclays Bank of the U.K. is bringing in 500 million.
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英国的巴克莱银行准备投资5亿。
14:24
Standard Chartered has brought in 140 million.
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渣打银行已经投资了1亿4000万。
14:28
And I can go on. Dollars, on and on, into the system.
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我还可以举很多例子。在这里说的都是美元，这些资金都注入到我们的银行系统
14:31
We are doing the same with the insurance sector.
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我们在保险业也实施了同样的策略
14:33
So in financial services, a great deal of opportunity.
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因此，金融服务业也是充满商机的。
14:36
In tourism, in many African countries, a great opportunity.
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在很多非洲国家，旅游业也有很多的发展机会。
14:42
And that's what many people know East Africa for:
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东非的野生动物，大象等等
14:46
the wildlife, the elephants, and so on.
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为很多人所知。
14:49
But managing the tourism market in a way
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但是用一个可以真正使人们获益的方式
14:51
that can really benefit the people is very important.
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来管理旅游业是非常重要的。
14:55
So what am I trying to say? I'm trying to tell you
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那么我到底想要表达的是什么呢？我想要告诉大家
14:58
that there's a new wave on the continent.
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在这个大陆上，出现了一股新的风潮。
15:01
A new wave of openness and democratization in which, since 2000,
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自2000年以来，在这股新的民主开放风潮的影响下
15:06
more than two-thirds of African countries have had
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超过三分之二的非洲国家举行了
15:08
multi-party democratic elections.
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多党派的民主选举。
15:11
Not all of them have been perfect, or will be,
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并不是所有的这些选举都是，或将是完美的
15:14
but the trend is very clear.
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但这一趋势很明显。
15:16
I'm trying to tell you that since the past three years,
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我想告诉大家的是，从三年前开始
15:20
the average rate of growth on the continent has moved
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这个大洲的平均增长率已经从每年
15:23
from about 2.5 percent to about five percent per annum.
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2.5%升至约5%
15:27
This is better than the performance of many OECD countries.
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这样的表现比很多经济合作与发展组织的成员国要好
15:32
So it's clear that things are changing.
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所以说，这些改变是很明显的。
15:36
Conflicts are down on the continent;
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区内的冲突在减少
15:39
from about 12 conflicts a decade ago,
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从10年前的12起冲突
15:41
we are down to three or four conflicts --
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下降到现在的3,4起。
15:43
one of the most terrible, of course, of which is Darfur.
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当然，其中最严重的是发生在达尔富尔的冲突。
15:46
And, you know, you have the neighborhood effect where
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而且，大家知道，会有邻里效应，也就是说
15:49
if something is going on in one part of the continent,
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如果洲内的某一地区发生了什么事情
15:51
it looks like the entire continent is affected.
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似乎整个大洲都会受到影响。
15:54
But you should know that this continent is not --
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但大家要知道，这是一个大洲
15:57
is a continent of many countries, not one country.
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一个包含了众多国家的大洲，而不是一个国家。
16:03
And if we are down to three or four conflicts,
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如果区内的冲突减少至3,4起
16:05
it means that there are plenty of opportunities to invest
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那就意味着在那些充满机会的
16:08
in stable, growing, exciting economies
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稳定的，成长中的，令人兴奋的经济领域里
16:15
where there's plenty of opportunity.
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有很多投资的机会。
16:19
And I want to just make one point about this investment.
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对于这样的投资，我只想说明一点。
16:24
The best way to help Africans today
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现在，帮助非洲人的最好的方法
16:27
is to help them to stand on their own feet.
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就是帮助他们自己站起来。
16:30
And the best way to do that is by helping create jobs.
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而要做到这一点，最好的方法就是创造工作岗位。
16:35
There's no issue with fighting malaria and putting money in that
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这并不是说在对抗疟疾和拯救儿童的性命投入是不必的。
16:39
and saving children's lives. That's not what I'm saying. That is fine.
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这并不是我要说的。这没有任何问题。
16:44
But imagine the impact on a family: if the parents can be employed
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但想象一下这对一个家庭的影响：如果父母能够有工作
16:48
and make sure that their children go to school,
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保证他们的孩子能够上学
16:50
that they can buy the drugs to fight the disease themselves.
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他们可以自行购买药物以对抗疾病。♫
16:53
If we can invest in places where you yourselves make money
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如果你的投资能够在让你自己赚钱的同时
16:57
whilst creating jobs and helping people stand on their own feet,
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还能创造工作岗位，帮助人们能够自力更生
17:02
isn't that a wonderful opportunity? Isn't that the way to go?
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难道这不是一个了不起的机会吗？难道不应该这么做吗？
17:07
And I want to say that some of the best people to invest in
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同时我还想说的是，在这个大陆上
17:10
on the continent are the women.
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一些最值得投资的人就是当地的女性。
17:13
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
17:20
I have a CD here. I'm sorry that I didn't say anything on time.
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我这里有一张光盘。很抱歉我没有按时完成我的演说。
17:25
Otherwise, I would have liked you to have seen this.
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否则，我很希望大家能够看一下这里面的内容。
17:27
It says, "Africa: Open for Business."
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光盘的题目是：“敞开商业大门的非洲”。
17:31
And this is a video that has actually won an award
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这是今年赢得了一项
17:34
as the best documentary of the year.
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最佳纪录片奖项的录像。
17:36
Understand that the woman who made it
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大家要知道拍这个片子的女士
17:38
is going to be in Tanzania, where they're having the session in June.
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即将前往坦桑尼亚，他们六月份会在那里开展活动。
17:44
But it shows you Africans, and particularly African women, who
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但这个片子向大家展现了非洲人，尤其是非洲的女性，
17:49
against all odds have developed businesses, some of them world-class.
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他们冲破重重困难建立起自己的事业，其中一些还是世界级的企业。
17:54
One of the women in this video, Adenike Ogunlesi,
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片子里的其中一位女性，Adenike Ogunlesi，
17:57
making children's clothes --
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她将制作童装——刚开始只当作兴趣的一件事
17:59
which she started as a hobby and grew into a business.
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发展成为一门生意。
18:04
Mixing African materials, such as we have,
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她将我们大家都有的一些非洲的原料
18:08
with materials from elsewhere.
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与来自其他地方的原料混合在一起。
18:09
So, she'll make a little pair of dungarees with corduroys,
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也就是说，她会用灯芯绒做一条工作裤
18:14
with African material mixed in. Very creative designs,
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并将非洲的原料融入其中。非常有创意的设计
18:20
has reached a stage where she even had an order from Wal-Mart.
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她的生意还一度发展到接到沃尔玛的订单
18:24
(Laughter)
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（笑）
18:26
For 10,000 pieces.
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订单数量是1万条
18:29
So that shows you that we have people who are capable of doing.
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这向大家证明了，我们也有拥有实干能力的人。
18:33
And the women are diligent. They are focused; they work hard.
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而这里的女性都是勤劳，专注，努力工作的。
18:38
I could go on giving examples:
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我可以接着举例：
18:40
Beatrice Gakuba of Rwanda, who opened up a flower business
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在卢旺达的Beatrice Gakuba做起了鲜花生意
18:44
and is now exporting to the Dutch auction in Amsterdam each morning
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现在，她的鲜花被出口到荷兰，每天早上在阿姆斯特丹的鲜花市场上被拍卖
18:49
and is employing 200 other women and men to work with her.
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她还雇用了200个人跟她一起工作。
18:54
However, many of these are starved for capital to expand,
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然而，很多这样的人缺乏资金去扩充他们的生意，
18:59
because nobody believes outside of our countries
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因为在我们的国家外，没有人会相信
19:02
that we can do what is necessary. Nobody thinks in terms of a market.
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我们可以做到这些。没有人会从市场的角度来思考。
19:07
Nobody thinks there's opportunity.
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没有人会想到这里会有机会。
19:10
But I'm standing here saying that those who miss the boat now,
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但我站在这里，就是要告诉那些错过了现在这班船的人
19:13
will miss it forever.
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他们以后再也没有这样的机会了。
19:15
So if you want to be in Africa, think about investing.
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如果你想要到非洲，就考虑一下在这里投资吧。
19:22
Think about the Beatrices, think about the Adenikes of this world,
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想想这个世界上像Beatrice,像Adenike的这些人
19:28
who are doing incredible things, that are bringing them
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他们在做着一些不可思议的事情，这些事情将他们
19:31
into the global economy, whilst at the same time making sure
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带入到全球经济，与此同时又能保证
19:34
that their fellow men and women are employed,
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他们的同胞有工作；
19:37
and that the children in those households get educated
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而这些受雇佣的人家里的孩子就能接受教育，
19:39
because their parents are earning adequate income.
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因为他们的父母有足够的收入。
19:43
So I invite you to explore the opportunities.
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所以，我邀请大家来发掘这些机会。
19:48
When you go to Tanzania, listen carefully,
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当你去坦桑尼亚的时候，请认真聆听
19:52
because I'm sure you will hear of the various openings that there will be
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我肯定你会听说那里有各种各样的机会
19:56
for you to get involved in something that will do good
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让你参与到对这个大洲
20:01
for the continent, for the people and for yourselves.
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对这里的人们，对你自己有利的事情中。
20:06
Thank you very much.
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非常感谢大家。
20:07
(Applause)
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掌声
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala - EconomistNgozi Okonjo-Iweala is a respected global economist.
Why you should listen
Okonjo-Iweala was the Finance Minister of Nigeria, Africa’s largest economy, from 2003 to 2006, and then briefly the country’s Foreign Affairs Minister, the first woman to hold either position. From 2011 to 2015 she was again named Minister of Finance and Coordinating Minister for the Economy of Nigeria. Between those terms, from 2007 to 2011, she was one of the managing director of the World Bank and a candidate to the organization’s presidency. She is now a senior advisor at financial advisory and asset management firm Lazard, and she chairs the Board of the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization. At the World Bank, she worked for change in Africa and assistance for low-income countries. As Finance Minister, she attacked corruption to make Nigeria more transparent and desirable for investment and jobs, an activism that attracted criticism from circles opposed to reform.
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala | Speaker | TED.com