TED2012
Don Levy: A cinematic journey through visual effects
唐·利维(Don Levy)：畅游视觉特效的历史
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110年前，乔治·梅里爱(Georges Méliès)把一艘宇宙飞船砸到了月球人的眼睛上。视觉特效最早从什么时候开始的？通过与美国学院电影艺术与科学学院合作，唐·利维带我们畅游了视觉特效的前世今生，从早期特效到现代电影中的特效奇迹。
Don Levy - Film executive
Don Levy has served on the frontlines of the digital transformation of entertainment. For 17 years, he led the communications efforts for top visual effects and digital animation studio, Sony Pictures Imageworks. He is fascinated by the magic of movies. Full bio
Don Levy has served on the frontlines of the digital transformation of entertainment. For 17 years, he led the communications efforts for top visual effects and digital animation studio, Sony Pictures Imageworks. He is fascinated by the magic of movies. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
The filmmaker Georges Méliès was first a magician.
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乔治·梅里爱（Georges Méliès）在从事电影事业之前是一个魔术师。
00:22
Now movies proved to be the ultimate medium for magic.
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现在大荧幕已经是魔术的终极舞台。
00:29
With complete control of everything the audience can see,
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电影导演能够完全掌控观众看到的内容，
00:35
moviemakers had developed an arsenal of techniques
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而他们已经摸索出一系列技术手段
00:39
to further their deceptions.
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来增强画面的欺骗性。
00:43
Motion pictures are themselves an illusion of life,
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电影本身就是一种生活的错觉，
00:48
produced by the sequential projection of still frames,
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由连续静态的图片帧投射出运动的效果，
00:52
and they astonished the Lumière brothers' early audiences.
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这种效果让看卢米埃（Lumière）兄弟电影的早期观众惊叹不已。
00:57
Even today's sophisticated moviegoers
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即使是观影无数的现代人，
00:59
still lose themselves to the screen,
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也依然会在大荧幕中流连忘返，
01:02
and filmmakers leverage this separation from reality
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电影制作人继续推动着
01:06
to great effect.
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超越现实的特效。
01:09
Now imaginative people have been having fun with this
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400年前充满想象力的人们就开始
01:13
for over 400 years.
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尝试这样的视觉游戏。
01:15
Giambattista della Porta, a Neapolitan scholar
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詹巴蒂斯塔·德拉·帕塔尔（Giambattista della Porta），
01:19
in the 16th century, examined and studied the natural world
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一位生活在16世纪的那不勒斯学者，
01:24
and saw how it could be manipulated.
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研究各种自然现象并尝试了伪造的可能性。
01:28
Playing with the world, and our perception of it,
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视觉特技的原理就是操纵我们看到的世界
01:31
really is the essence of visual effects.
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并欺骗我们的感官。
01:35
So digging deeper into this
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让我们跟随
01:37
with the Science and Technology Council
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美国电影艺术与科学学院的
01:39
of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
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科学和技术委员会（的历届获奖作品）
01:42
reveals some truth behind the trickery.
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来揭示这些特技背后的真相。
01:47
Visual effects are based on the principles of all illusions:
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视觉特技使用了所有的错觉原理：
01:52
assumption, things are as we know them;
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假设，我们所知道的事物的样子；
01:56
presumption, things will behave as we expect;
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推测，我们预期的事情的发展；
02:00
and context in reality,
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现实环境，
02:02
our knowledge of the world as we know it,
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我们对世界的认知，
02:05
such as scale.
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例如比例等。
02:07
Now a fourth factor really becomes an obsession,
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第四个因素是真正的要点：
02:11
which is, never betray the illusion.
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不要违反错觉。
02:15
And that last point has made visual effects
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这一条决定了视觉特效不断的
02:18
a constant quest for perfection.
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追求完美的特点。
02:21
So from the hand-cranked jump cut early days of cinema
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接下来展示的是一些视觉特技演化过程中的
02:26
to last Sunday's Oscar winner, what follows are some steps
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一些剪辑，从早期的手摇式跳接特效
02:31
and a few repeats in the evolution of visual effects.
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到上个周日的奥斯卡获奖电影。
02:36
I hope you will enjoy.
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希望你喜欢。
02:40
Isabelle: "The filmmaker Georges Méliès
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伊莎贝尔：“导演乔治·梅里爱
02:45
was one of the first to realize that
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是第一批意识到
02:49
films had the power
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电影可以俘获
02:52
to capture dreams."
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人们的幻想的人。”
02:54
(Music) ["'A Trip to the Moon' (1902)"]
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（音乐）月球之旅（1902）
02:58
["2011 Restoration of the Original Hand-Tinted Color"]
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2011 原始手工填色的修复版
03:10
["'2001: A Space Odyssey' (1968)"]
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2001：太空漫游（1968）
03:14
["Academy Award Winner for Visual Effects"]
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奥斯卡最佳视觉特效
03:25
["'Avatar' (2009)"] First doctor: How are you feeling, Jake?
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阿凡达（2009）医生甲：感觉怎么样，杰克？
03:27
Jake: Hey guys.
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杰克：嘿，伙计。
03:29
["Academy Award Winner for Visual Effects"]
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[奥斯卡最佳视觉特效]
03:30
Second doctor: Welcome to your new body, Jake.First doctor: Good.
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医生乙：欢迎进入新的躯体，杰克。医生甲：不错。
03:33
Second doctor: We're gonna take this nice and easy, Jake.First doctor: Well, do you want to sit up? That's fine.
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医生乙：慢慢来，杰克。医生甲：想坐起来么？行。
03:36
Second doctor: And good, just take it nice and slow, Jake.
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医生乙：很好，慢慢来，杰克。
03:38
Well, no truncal ataxia, that's good.First doctor: You feeling light-headed or dizzy at all?
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很好，没有躯干性共济失调。医生甲：感觉头晕么？
03:42
Oh, you're wiggling your toes.
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咦，你在动脚趾头。
03:44
["'Alice's Adventures in Wonderland' (1972)"]
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爱丽丝梦游仙境（1972）
03:46
Alice: What's happening to me?
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爱丽丝：我的身体怎么回事？
03:54
["'Alice in Wonderland' (2010)"]
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爱丽丝梦游仙境（2010）
03:58
["Academy Award Nominee for Visual Effects"]
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奥斯卡最佳视觉特效题名
04:04
["'The Lost World' (1925)"]
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失落的世界（1925）
04:07
["Stop Motion Animation"]
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定格动画
04:10
["'Jurassic Park' (1993)"] [Dinosaur roars]
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侏罗纪公园（1993）（恐龙叫声）
04:14
["CG Animation"]
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CG动画
04:17
["Academy Award Winner for Visual Effects"]
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奥斯卡最佳视觉特效
04:30
["'The Smurfs' (2011)"]
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蓝精灵（2011）
04:34
["Autodesk Maya Software - Key Frame Animation"]
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Autodesk Maya 软件 - 关键帧动画
04:38
["'Rise of the Planet of the Apes' (2011)"]
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猩球崛起（2011）
04:41
Chimpanzee: No! ["Academy Award Nominee for Visual Effects"]
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猩猩：不！[奥斯卡最佳视觉特效提名]
04:43
["'Metropolis' (1927)"]
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大都会（1927）
04:47
(Music)
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（音乐）
05:04
["'Blade Runner' (1982)"]
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银翼杀手（1982）
05:08
["Academy Award Nominee for Visual Effects"]
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奥斯卡最佳视觉特效题名
05:16
["'The Rains Came' (1939)"] Rama Safti: Well, it's all over.
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雨季来临（1939）罗摩·萨夫提：好了，结束了。
05:18
Maharaja: Nothing to worry about, not a thing.
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印度王公：没什么好担心的，没什么。
05:20
['Academy Award for Special Effects - (First Year of Category)"]
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奥斯卡最佳特效（首次单独评奖）
05:23
(Explosion)
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（爆炸声）
05:31
["'2012' (2009)"]Governor: It seems to me that the worst is over.
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电影“2012”（2009）州长：对我而言，最坏的时候已经过去了。
05:37
["CG Destruction"]
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电脑特技做出来的破坏场面
05:48
["'Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King' (2003)"]
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指环王：王者归来（2003）
05:51
["Massive Software - Crowd Generation"]
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软件生成的大量的人群
05:55
["Academy Award Winner for Visual Effects"]
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奥斯卡最佳视觉特效
05:58
["'Ben Hur: A Tale of the Christ' (1925)"]
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宾虚传：基督的故事（1925）
06:02
["Miniatures and Puppets Bring the Crowd to Life"]
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微缩模型和木偶制作出的栩栩如生的人群
06:10
["'Gladiator' (2000)"]
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角斗士（2000）
06:13
["CG Coliseum and Digital Crowds"]
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电脑生成的斗兽场和观众。
06:17
["Academy Award Winner for Visual Effects"]
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奥斯卡最佳视觉特效
06:22
["'Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 2' (2011)"]
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哈利波特与死亡圣器·下（2011）
06:27
["Academy Award Nominee for Visual Effects"]
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奥斯卡最佳视觉特效提名
06:39
["Produced in conjunction with the Academy's Science and Technology Council."]
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学院科学技术委员会共同制作
06:42
(Applause)
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（掌声）
06:43
["'It is today possible to realize the most impossible and improbable things.' — Georges Méliès"]
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现如今我们可以去实现看起来最不可能、最不可思议的事情了——乔治·梅里爱
06:46
Don Levy: Thank you.
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唐·利维：谢谢。
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Don Levy - Film executiveDon Levy has served on the frontlines of the digital transformation of entertainment. For 17 years, he led the communications efforts for top visual effects and digital animation studio, Sony Pictures Imageworks. He is fascinated by the magic of movies.
Why you should listen
Don Levy joined Sony Pictures Imageworks when it was “just 40 people and a dream” in 1995. Starting as an awards campaign consultant, he helped the studio grow in both size and reputation, beginning with its first Academy Award for the animated short “The ChubbChubbs” in 2003 and continuing with the 2005 Academy Award for Best Visual Effects for “Spider-Man 2.” As the senior vice president of marketing and communications for Sony Pictures, he directed corporate communications, marketing and public relations for Sony Pictures Imageworks, Sony Pictures Digital Entertainment, as well as for Sony Pictures Animation and Sony Online Entertainment.
Levy left Sony Pictures in June of 2012 to develop a new family entertainment venture and found Smith Brook Farm, a media, entertainement and tech consultancy. At the same time, he is a visiting scholar at the University of Southern California School of Cinematic Arts' Entertainment Technology Center and is teaching entertainment marketing at Boston University's Los Angeles Internship Program.
Levy is also member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, on its feature animation nominating committee. The Academy helped tremendously in crafting the video montage in his talk, an exclusive for TED.
Don Levy | Speaker | TED.com