TEDCity2.0
Mohamed Ali: The link between unemployment and terrorism
穆罕默德·阿里: 失业与恐怖主义之间的联系
Filmed:
Readability: 4
1,077,230 views
对那些大城市里年轻的失业者来说，机会和财富的梦想其实是会成真的——但事实常常是他们受到恐怖组织和其他暴力组织的威逼利诱而走上歧途。提倡人权的Mohamed Ali为我们讲述了摩加迪休当地的故事，给那些想为有梦想有抱负的城市年轻人提供创新培养的人们提供了很有说服力的例子。
Mohamed Ali - Human rights advocate
Human rights advocate Mohamed Ali fights terrorism with entrepreneurship. Full bio
Human rights advocate Mohamed Ali fights terrorism with entrepreneurship. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I would like to talk to you about a story
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我想跟大家讲一个故事
00:14
about a small town kid.
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是关于一个小镇孩子的
00:16
I don't know his name, but I do know his story.
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我不知道他的名字，但我知道他的故事
00:20
He lives in a small village in southern Somalia.
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他住在索马里南部的一个小村庄里
00:23
His village is near Mogadishu.
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这个村庄离首都摩加迪休很近
00:27
Drought drives the small village into poverty
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这个小村庄因为干旱所以一直很贫穷
00:29
and to the brink of starvation.
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人民食不果腹
00:31
With nothing left for him there,
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留在那里实在没什么出路
00:33
he leaves for the big city,
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所以他去了大城市
00:35
in this case, Mogadishu, the capital of Somalia.
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在这个故事里，索马里的首都摩加迪休，就是大城市
00:38
When he arrives, there are no opportunities,
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他刚到的时候，没有什么机遇
00:41
no jobs, no way forward.
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没工作，没前途
00:44
He ends up living in a tent city
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最后只能住在帐篷城里
00:46
on the outskirts of Mogadishu.
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就在摩加迪休的郊外
00:49
Maybe a year passes, nothing.
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大概一年过去了，也还是一无所有
00:53
One day, he's approached by a gentleman
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有一天，他遇到一个贵人
00:55
who offers to take him to lunch,
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贵人带他去吃了午餐
00:57
then to dinner, to breakfast.
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还有晚餐和早餐
01:00
He meets this dynamic group of people,
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他接触了一帮很有活力的人
01:03
and they give him a break.
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然后他也得到了休息
01:05
He's given a bit of money
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他还得到一些钱
01:06
to buy himself some new clothes,
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可以给自己买新衣服
01:08
money to send back home to his family.
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可以给自己老家寄钱
01:11
He is introduced to this young woman.
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有人给他介绍了个年轻的姑娘
01:13
He eventually gets married.
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然后他们结婚了
01:14
He starts this new life.
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他开始了新的生活
01:17
He has a purpose in life.
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他的生活也有了目标
01:20
One beautiful day in Mogadishu,
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在摩加迪休的某一天
01:23
under an azure blue sky,
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在碧蓝的天空下
01:26
a car bomb goes off.
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发生了一场汽车炸弹事件
01:28
That small town kid with the big city dreams
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这个有着城市梦的小镇男孩
01:31
was the suicide bomber,
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就是那个人体炸弹
01:34
and that dynamic group of people
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而当初那帮充满活力的人
01:36
were al Shabaab, a terrorist organization
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都是"青年党"，一个和基地组织有联系的
01:38
linked to al Qaeda.
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恐怖组织
01:42
So how does the story of a small town kid
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这个小镇男孩
01:45
just trying to make it big in the city
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只是想去城市闯一闯
01:47
end up with him blowing himself up?
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为什么他的故事是以自杀式袭击为结尾呢？
01:50
He was waiting.
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他其实在等待
01:52
He was waiting for an opportunity,
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他在等待一个机会
01:53
waiting to begin his future,
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等待开启他的未来
01:55
waiting for a way forward,
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等待一条可以往前走的路
01:57
and this was the first thing that came along.
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而这是他一路走来的第一次遭遇
02:00
This was the first thing that pulled him out
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这是将他从等待成年期中解脱出来的
02:02
of what we call waithood.
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第一次遭遇
02:05
And his story repeats itself
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而他的故事还在重复着
02:07
in urban centers around the world.
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在世界不同的市中心
02:10
It is the story of the disenfranchised,
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这是一个关于被剥夺权利的，
02:12
unemployed urban youth
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失业城市青年的故事。
02:14
who sparks riots in Johannesburg,
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他们在约翰尼斯堡发起暴动
02:18
sparks riots in London,
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在伦敦发起暴动
02:21
who reaches out for something other than waithood.
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他们想得到等待成年期之外的东西
02:25
For young people, the promise of the city,
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对于年轻人，城市带来的希望
02:28
the big city dream is that of opportunity,
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大城市梦，就意味着机遇
02:31
of jobs, of wealth,
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工作，财富
02:33
but young people are not sharing
in the prosperity of their cities.
in the prosperity of their cities.
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但年轻人并没有享受到他们所在城市的繁荣
02:36
Often it's youth who suffer from
the highest unemployment rates.
the highest unemployment rates.
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更多的，是年轻人在忍受着最高的失业率
02:41
By 2030, three out of five people living in cities
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到2030年，五个住在城市里的人，就有三个
02:44
will be under the age of 18.
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是属于18岁以下的人群
02:46
If we do not include young people
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如果我们在城市的发展中
02:48
in the growth of our cities,
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不把年轻人考虑在内的话
02:50
if we do not provide them opportunities,
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如果我们不给他们提供机会的话
02:52
the story of waithood,
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等待成年期的这个故事
02:54
the gateway to terrorism, to violence, to gangs,
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踏入恐怖主义，暴力和帮派这些雷池
02:57
will be the story of cities 2.0.
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将是未来城市的主题
03:01
And in my city of birth, Mogadishu,
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在我出生的城市，摩加迪休
03:05
70 percent of young people
suffer from unemployment.
suffer from unemployment.
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70%的人处于失业状态
03:08
70 percent don't work,
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70%没有工作
03:11
don't go to school.
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没有书读
03:13
They pretty much do nothing.
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基本无所事事
03:15
I went back to Mogadishu last month,
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上个月我回了一趟摩加迪休
03:19
and I went to visit Madina Hospital,
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然后我走访了玛迪娜医院
03:21
the hospital I was born in.
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那家我出生的医院
03:23
I remember standing in front of that
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我记得我站在那个满是弹眼的医院前面
03:25
bullet-ridden hospital thinking,
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我不禁思考
03:28
what if I had never left?
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如果我没有离开的话会是怎样？
03:30
What if I had been forced
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如果我也无奈地处于
03:31
into that same state of waithood?
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同样的等待成年期呢？
03:33
Would I have become a terrorist?
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我会成为一名恐怖分子吗？
03:37
I'm not really sure about the answer.
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这答案我还真说不准
03:40
My reason for being in Mogadishu that month
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上个月我回摩加迪休的原因
03:43
was actually to host
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其实是去举办一场
03:44
a youth leadership and entrepreneurship summit.
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青年领导力和创业学的峰会
03:47
I brought together about 90 young Somali leaders.
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我带了约90名索马里来的领导
03:50
We sat down and brainstormed on solutions
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我们坐下来一起集思广益
03:52
to the biggest challenges facing their city.
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想办法解决城市面临的最大难题
03:55
One of the young men in the room was Aden.
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其中一个在房间里的年轻人叫Aden
03:58
He went to university in Mogadishu, graduated.
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他在摩加迪休上了大学，之后毕业
04:03
There were no jobs, no opportunities.
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当时没有工作也没有什么机会
04:05
I remember him telling me,
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我记得他告诉我
04:06
because he was a college graduate,
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因为他是大学毕业生
04:09
unemployed, frustrated,
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没工作，很沮丧
04:12
that he was the perfect target for al Shabaab
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算是“青年党”的理想人选
04:14
and other terrorist organizations, to be recruited.
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也是其他恐怖组织想招募的人
04:17
They sought people like him out.
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那些人专门寻找像他一样的人
04:21
But his story takes a different route.
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但他的故事，则是另外一个版本
04:24
In Mogadishu, the biggest barrier
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在摩加迪休，从A地到B地
04:26
to getting from point A to point B are the roads.
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最大的障碍就是马路
04:30
Twenty-three years of civil war
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23年的内战
04:31
have completely destroyed the road system,
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已经完全把道路系统给摧毁了
04:34
and a motorbike can be the easiest way
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而此时，摩托车则成了
04:36
to get around.
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最便捷的工具
04:37
Aden saw an opportunity and seized it.
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Aden发现了机遇并牢牢抓住它
04:41
He started a motorbike company.
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他开了一家摩托车公司
04:43
He began renting out motorbikes
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开始出租摩托车
04:45
to local residents who couldn't normally afford them.
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租给当地那些买不起摩托车的人
04:48
He bought 10 bikes, with the help
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在亲朋好友的帮助下
04:50
of family and friends,
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他买了10辆
04:52
and his dream is to eventually expand
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他最终的梦想
04:54
to several hundred within the next three years.
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是在接下来的三年内扩展到数百辆
04:57
How is this story different?
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他的故事是如何不同的呢？
04:59
What makes his story different?
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是什么使之不同？
05:02
I believe it is his ability to identify
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我相信是他的发现机遇
05:04
and seize a new opportunity.
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并善于把握机遇的能力
05:08
It's entrepreneurship,
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这就是企业家精神
05:10
and I believe entrepreneurship can be
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并且我相信企业家精神
05:12
the most powerful tool against waithood.
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是对付等待成年期最有效的工具
05:15
It empowers young people
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他激励着年轻人
05:16
to be the creators of the very economic opportunities
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成为他们一直拼命在寻找的
05:20
they are so desperately seeking.
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经济机遇的创造者
05:22
And you can train young people to be entrepreneurs.
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你也能把年轻人训练成企业家
05:26
I want to talk to you about a young man
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我想跟大家介绍一个年轻人
05:28
who attended one of my meetings,
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他曾参加我我举办的一个会议
05:30
Mohamed Mohamoud, a florist.
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他叫Mohamed Mohamoud，是一名花商
05:33
He was helping me train some of the young people
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他在帮我培训在创业峰会上
05:35
at the summit in entrepreneurship
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的一部分年轻人
05:36
and how to be innovative
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培养他们如何创新
05:38
and how to create a culture of entrepreneurship.
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如何营造创业文化
05:41
He's actually the first florist Mogadishu has seen
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他其实是摩加迪休在过去22年里
05:43
in over 22 years,
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的第一位花商
05:46
and until recently, until Mohamed came along,
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直到Mohamed来了，他是直到最近才有的花商
05:49
if you wanted flowers at your wedding,
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在过去如果你想在你的婚礼上摆上鲜花
05:51
you used plastic bouquets
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你得用塑料花束
05:52
shipped from abroad.
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而且还得从海外进口
05:54
If you asked someone,
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如果你问别人
05:56
"When was the last time you saw fresh flowers?"
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“你上次见到鲜花是什么时候？”
05:58
for many who grew up under civil war,
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对于很多出生在内战时期的人
06:01
the answer would be, "Never."
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他们的答案将会是，“从没见过。”
06:03
So Mohamed saw an opportunity.
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所以Mohamed从中发现了机遇
06:05
He started a landscaping and design floral company.
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他创立了一个园林绿化和花卉设计的公司
06:10
He created a farm right outside of Mogadishu,
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他在摩加迪休外开辟了一片农田
06:13
and started growing tulips and lilies,
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他开始种植郁金香和百合花
06:15
which he said could survive
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据他说这些花
06:17
the harsh Mogadishu climate.
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能熬过摩加迪休恶劣的气候
06:20
And he began delivering flowers to weddings,
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然后他开始往婚礼上送花
06:23
creating gardens at homes
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建立家庭式花园
06:25
and businesses around the city,
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在城里的生意也忙碌起来
06:28
and he's now working on creating
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现在他正忙于建立
06:30
Mogadishu's first public park in 22 years.
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摩加迪休22年来的首个市民公园
06:33
There's no public park in Mogadishu.
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目前在摩加迪休是没有市民公园的
06:35
He wants to create a space where families,
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他想创立一个空间给家庭
06:38
young people, can come together,
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年轻人，能一起到这儿来
06:39
and, as he says, smell the proverbial roses.
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就像他说的，来感受玫瑰的花香和启迪
06:44
And he doesn't grow roses because
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顺便说下，他之所以不种植玫瑰
06:46
they use too much water, by the way.
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是因为它们需要很多水分
06:50
So the first step is to inspire young people,
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所以第一步就是要鼓舞年轻人
06:54
and in that room, Mohamed's presence
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所以在那个房间里，Mohamed的出席
06:57
had a really profound impact
on the youth in that room.
on the youth in that room.
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对在座的年轻人影响非常深
07:00
They had never really thought
about starting up a business.
about starting up a business.
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他们从没想过能创业
07:03
They've thought about working for an NGO,
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他们想过为民间组织工作
07:04
working for the government,
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为政府工作
07:06
but his story, his innovation,
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但在这个故事里，他的创新
07:10
really had a strong impact on them.
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对那些年轻人的影响非常大
07:12
He forced them to look at their city
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他使得那些年轻人用机遇之地
07:15
as a place of opportunity.
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重新看待这座城市
07:16
He empowered them to believe
that they could be entrepreneurs,
that they could be entrepreneurs,
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他使得他们相信他们也能成为企业家
07:20
that they could be change makers.
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也能成为改变世界的人
07:22
By the end of the day, they were coming up
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那一天结束之前，他们想出了
07:24
with innovative solutions
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新颖的解决办法
07:26
to some of the biggest challenges facing their city.
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解决这个城市目前一些最为棘手的问题
07:29
They came up with entrepreneurial solutions
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他们想出了企业式的解决方法
07:31
to local problems.
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对付当地的问题
07:34
So inspiring young people
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所以激励年轻人
07:37
and creating a culture of entrepreneurship
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创造企业文化
07:39
is a really great step,
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是很大的一步跨越
07:41
but young people need capital
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但年轻人需要资金
07:43
to make their ideas a reality.
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来实现他们的想法
07:44
They need expertise and mentorship
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他们需要专业知识和导师指导
07:47
to guide them in developing
and launching their businesses.
and launching their businesses.
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带领他们发展和启动他们的商业
07:50
Connect young people with the resources they need,
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为年轻人提供他们需要的资源
07:53
provide them the support they need
to go from ideation to creation,
to go from ideation to creation,
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为他们提供需要的支持，帮助他们从构思转变到创造
07:56
and you will create catalysts for urban growth.
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你就等同于为城市发展创造催化剂
08:00
For me, entrepreneurship is more than just
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对我来说，企业家精神不仅仅是
08:03
starting up a business.
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开启商业
08:05
It's about creating a social impact.
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它还包括创造社会影响
08:07
Mohamed is not simply selling flowers.
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Mohamed不单是在卖花
08:09
I believe he is selling hope.
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我相信他也是在销售希望
08:12
His Peace Park, and that's what he calls it,
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他的和平公园，名字是他取的
08:14
when it's created, will actually transform
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当它建立之时，将会真正意义上
08:16
the way people see their city.
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改变人们对这座城市的看法
08:18
Aden hired street kids to help rent out
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Aden雇佣街边的孩童帮他出租
08:21
and maintain those bikes for him.
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也帮他维护那些摩托车
08:22
He gave them the opportunity to escape
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他给了他们机会去挣脱
08:25
the paralysis of waithood.
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去挣脱等待成年期的无奈
08:27
These young entrepreneurs are having
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这些年轻的企业家
08:30
a tremendous impact in their cities.
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都对他们的城市有着深远的影响
08:33
So my suggestion is,
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所以我的建议是
08:36
turn youth into entrepreneurs,
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带动更多年轻人成为企业家
08:38
incubate and nurture their inherent innovation,
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培养发展他们内在的创新精神
08:41
and you will have more stories
of flowers and Peace Parks
of flowers and Peace Parks
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那么就会有更多花和和平公园的故事出现
08:45
than of car bombs and waithood.
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而不是那些汽车炸弹和等待成年期的故事
08:48
Thank you.
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谢谢
08:51
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mohamed Ali - Human rights advocateHuman rights advocate Mohamed Ali fights terrorism with entrepreneurship.
Why you should listen
In urban hubs like Mogadishu, says Mohamed Ali, we're losing our brightest minds to terrorism and violence. Why not channel the energy of ambitious and eager young people toward innovation instead of destruction? Ali is doing his part to make this dream a reality. He is the Executive Director of the Iftiin Foundation, an organization that builds and supports young entrepreneurs to encourage a culture of change and innovation in Somalia and other post-conflict countries. Ali believes these untapped youths can become figures of hope for their communities and ultimately promote peace and stability in the region.
Ali is a founding member of End Famine, a campaign founded in 2011 aimed at promoting food security and eradicating famine worldwide, starting with the Horn of Africa. Ali has a law degree from Boston College Law School.
Mohamed Ali | Speaker | TED.com