TED2018
Dina Katabi: A new way to monitor vital signs (that can see through walls)
迪娜 · 卡塔比: 一种（可穿透墙壁）监测生命体征的全新方式
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Readability: 4.2
1,513,020 views
在麻省理工学院，迪娜 · 卡塔比和她的团队正在研发一种不需要使用笨重的仪器就可监测病人生命体征的新方式，无论是在家中还是在医院，甚至隔着墙壁也可以使用。通过这次开阔眼界的演讲和演示，卡塔碧展示了一项早期研究成果，可以捕捉像Wi-Fi一样被人体反射的无线信号，为病人和医护人员提供一个稳定的生命体征监控记录。在之后与TED策展人——海伦 · 沃尔特斯的提问环节中，卡塔比还讨论了已经被研发出来，可以防止任何人滥用此项科技的保护措施。
Dina Katabi - Technologist
Dina Katabi investigates how AI can make wireless devices sense human motion and vital signs. Full bio
Dina Katabi investigates how AI can make wireless devices sense human motion and vital signs. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
When I was a kid,
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当我还是个孩子的时候，
00:14
I was, like many of you in this room,
very much fascinated by Star Wars,
very much fascinated by Star Wars,
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同房间里的很多人一样，
很喜欢星球大战，
很喜欢星球大战，
00:19
and what fascinated me the most
is this notion of the Force,
is this notion of the Force,
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其中最令我着迷的，
是这个原力的概念，
是这个原力的概念，
00:23
this energy that connects
all people and all objects
all people and all objects
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这股能量可以将所有
人和物体联系起来，
人和物体联系起来，
00:26
and allows you to feel people
that you can't even see.
that you can't even see.
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并且可以让你感受到
那些你看不见的人。
那些你看不见的人。
00:30
And I remember many nights,
I would be sitting at home,
I would be sitting at home,
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记得很多个深夜里，
我坐在家中，
我坐在家中，
00:33
just, like, concentrating and focusing,
trying to feel the Force,
trying to feel the Force,
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尝试集中精力去感受这股原力，
00:38
and I didn't feel anything, don't worry.
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不过你们放心，
我没感受到任何东西。
我没感受到任何东西。
00:41
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
00:43
And later in life, I became a scientist.
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在我长大之后，
我成为了一名科学家。
我成为了一名科学家。
00:45
I joined the MIT faculty
and started working on wireless signals.
and started working on wireless signals.
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我进入了麻省理工学院，
开始无线信号方面的研究。
开始无线信号方面的研究。
00:51
These are things like Wi-Fi
or cellular systems,
or cellular systems,
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我在像 Wi-Fi，蜂窝网络
这样的领域投入了很多精力。
00:54
and I did a lot of work in that domain.
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00:57
But then, again, this Force thing
kept nagging me,
kept nagging me,
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但对于“原力”的念想
仍然徘徊在我的脑海中，
仍然徘徊在我的脑海中，
某一天，我突然想到，
01:02
and at some point, I was just like,
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"对了，这些无线电信号，
不就像是电影中的原力吗？”
不就像是电影中的原力吗？”
01:04
"Wait a minute, these wireless signals --
they are like the Force."
they are like the Force."
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如果你思考一下，
01:08
So if you think about it,
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这些无线信号穿梭在空间里，
01:09
wireless signals,
they travel through space,
they travel through space,
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它们中的一部分穿过障碍物，
墙壁和闭塞的区域，
墙壁和闭塞的区域，
01:12
they go through obstacles
and walls and occlusions,
and walls and occlusions,
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另一部分
01:16
and some of them,
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则从我们身上反射，
因为我们身体中充满了水，
因为我们身体中充满了水，
01:17
they reflect off our bodies,
because our bodies are full of water,
because our bodies are full of water,
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有些信号在反射之后，
01:21
and some of these minute reflections,
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又反射回来。
01:23
they come back.
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如果，我能有一个仪器
可以捕捉到这些反射，
可以捕捉到这些反射，
01:25
And if, just if, I had a device that can
just sense these minute reflections,
just sense these minute reflections,
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那么我就能够感知到
那些我看不见的人了。
那些我看不见的人了。
01:32
then I would be able to feel people
that I cannot see.
that I cannot see.
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01:36
So I started working with my students
on building such a device,
on building such a device,
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于是，我和我的学生们就开始
研发这样的一个仪器，
研发这样的一个仪器，
我想给你们展示一些早期的成果。
01:40
and I want to show you
some of our early results.
some of our early results.
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01:44
So here, you see my student standing,
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在这里，你们可以看到
我的学生站在白线圈中心，
我的学生站在白线圈中心，
这是我们的仪器。
01:46
and here is our device.
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我们把仪器放在了
一墙之隔的另一间办公室里，
一墙之隔的另一间办公室里，
01:48
And we are going to put the device
in the other office, behind the wall,
in the other office, behind the wall,
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我们将用仪器
来检测他的移动轨迹。
来检测他的移动轨迹。
01:54
and we are going
to monitor him as he moves.
to monitor him as he moves.
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这个红点代表无线信号
追踪到的他的位置。
追踪到的他的位置。
01:57
This red dot is tracking him
using wireless signals.
using wireless signals.
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02:02
And as you can see, the red dot
is tracking his movements very accurately,
is tracking his movements very accurately,
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你们可以从屏幕上看到，
红点可以准确地展示他的运动轨迹，
红点可以准确地展示他的运动轨迹，
而这种监测完全依赖身边的
无线信号和他身体接触的情况。
无线信号和他身体接触的情况。
02:07
purely based on how his body interacts
with the surrounding wireless signals.
with the surrounding wireless signals.
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02:13
Pretty accurate, isn't it?
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相当准确，不是吗？
02:16
He has no wearables, nothing.
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而且他的身上没有任何穿戴式设备。
02:18
(Applause)
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（掌声）
你可能会感到好奇，
02:21
Now you might be wondering,
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为什么我们可以完全不用
穿戴式设备，并且隔着墙
穿戴式设备，并且隔着墙
02:23
how is it possible
that we can sense people
that we can sense people
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来感知和追踪人体呢，
02:26
and track them, without
any wearables, through walls,
any wearables, through walls,
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最简单的类比就是雷达。
02:30
and the easiest analogy
to think about is radar.
to think about is radar.
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我相信很多人都
看过这样的图片。
看过这样的图片。
02:33
I'm sure many of you
have seen this picture.
have seen this picture.
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当你发射无线信号到空中，
02:35
You transmit a wireless signal to the sky,
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它被飞机反射回来，
02:37
it reflects off some airplane,
comes back to you,
comes back to you,
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你就可以检测到飞机了。
02:40
and you start detecting these airplanes.
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02:44
But if it were just radar,
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但如果仅仅是利用了雷达的工作原理，
我们50年前就应该有这种技术了。
02:46
then we would have this 50 years ago.
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02:49
So it's not just radar.
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所以我们研发的
仪器不仅仅是雷达。
仪器不仅仅是雷达。
它和雷达有两个关键的不同点。
02:51
There are two key differences.
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02:54
So the first difference, of course --
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第一个不同点，毋庸置疑，
你不能像雷达一样，随便就
向人体发射高强度的无线电波。
向人体发射高强度的无线电波。
02:56
you can't, like radar, just blast
wireless power at somebody.
wireless power at somebody.
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那么做就等同于是
把人放进了微波炉。
把人放进了微波炉。
02:59
You're going to fry them
like if they were in a microwave.
like if they were in a microwave.
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切记不要那么做。
03:02
Don't do that.
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03:04
So it means that you have to be able
to deal with very weak signals,
to deal with very weak signals,
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我们面临的问题是，这个仪器
必须能接收很弱的信号，
必须能接收很弱的信号，
这就意味着，这个仪器
必须非常的灵敏。
必须非常的灵敏。
03:09
and that means that your device
has to be very sensitive.
has to be very sensitive.
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03:14
The second difference is that,
unlike the sky, where it's empty --
unlike the sky, where it's empty --
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第二个不同点，这个仪器的检测空间
不像是天空，空无一物，
不像是天空，空无一物，
如果你很幸运，空中只有一架飞机，
你就可以轻松地跟踪到它。
你就可以轻松地跟踪到它。
03:18
if you are lucky, there is one airplane
that you can catch there.
that you can catch there.
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但是看看现在这个房间，
03:21
Like, look at the room
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有那么多人和物品。
03:22
and look how many objects
and people there are.
and people there are.
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在一个室内的环境下，
信号不仅会被监测对象反射，
信号不仅会被监测对象反射，
03:25
So in indoor environments, the signal
not only reflects off the person,
not only reflects off the person,
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还会被地面，天花板
03:29
if reflects off the person,
off the floor, the ceiling,
off the floor, the ceiling,
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和身边的其他人反射回来，
03:33
off other people around,
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仪器会接收到非常
复杂的反射信号，
复杂的反射信号，
03:35
and you get very complex reflections
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因为同一个信号会在你我之间，
03:37
where the same signal reflects
off me and then off you,
off me and then off you,
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天花板、地面等等
物体之间来回反射。
物体之间来回反射。
03:40
and then off the ceiling,
then off the floor.
then off the floor.
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我们必须能够理解这杂乱的信号。
03:42
And you have to make sense of that mess.
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03:47
But we were lucky.
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但我们还挺幸运的，
在万事俱备的时代开始了这项研究。
03:49
We were coming at the right time.
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03:53
So two things helped us.
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有两项技术帮助了我们。
首先是无线电技术，
03:55
The first thing is radiotechnologies
have evolved a lot,
have evolved a lot,
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它在近十年来进化了很多，
03:59
and over the last decade,
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正是得益于无线电
技术变得更加强大，
技术变得更加强大，
04:01
radio technology
became much more powerful,
became much more powerful,
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我们才可以制造出非常灵敏的，
04:03
so we were able to build
very sensitive radios
very sensitive radios
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可以监测到极弱射频信号的仪器。
04:07
that can sense weak and minute RF signals.
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04:11
The second thing: machine learning.
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第二项技术是：机器学习。
你或许经常听到机器学习，
04:14
So you keep hearing about machine learning
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在近期，机器学习技术
在深度学习这方面
在深度学习这方面
04:16
and there was a revolution
of machine learning recently,
of machine learning recently,
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又提升到了一个更高的层次，
04:19
in deep learning,
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这使得我们有能力去建造一个
04:20
and that allowed us to build
machine-learning models
machine-learning models
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可以理解并分析无线
信号的机器学习模型，
信号的机器学习模型，
04:24
that can understand wireless signals
and interpret them
and interpret them
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它可以理解在特定
环境下发生了什么。
环境下发生了什么。
04:28
so they would know what happened
in the environment.
in the environment.
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所以想想看，无线电
就像是我们仪器的耳朵，
就像是我们仪器的耳朵，
04:31
So if you think of it,
the radio is like the ear of our device
the radio is like the ear of our device
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而机器学习就像是它的大脑，
04:35
and the machine learning
is like the brain,
is like the brain,
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两者的结合让仪器变得非常强大。
04:38
and together, they have
a very powerful device.
a very powerful device.
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04:44
So what else can we sense about people
using wireless signals?
using wireless signals?
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那么我们还可以用这无线信号
去感知人的什么状态呢？
去感知人的什么状态呢？
04:50
Sleep.
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睡眠。
睡眠实际上是
我尤为珍惜的事情，
我尤为珍惜的事情，
04:51
Sleep, actually, is something
very dear to my heart,
very dear to my heart,
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因为我的睡眠状况惨不忍睹。
04:54
because my sleep is a disaster.
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（笑声）
04:56
(Laughter)
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当你开始研究生理信号，
04:57
So one thing is when you start working
on some physiological signal
on some physiological signal
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会发现自己的生理状况一团糟。
05:00
and you discover that yours sucks.
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05:03
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
05:07
So you can see why we can capture sleep,
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你可以看到我们
是如何捕捉睡眠的，
是如何捕捉睡眠的，
因为我们的仪器可以感知
受监测的人什么时候走向了床，
受监测的人什么时候走向了床，
05:09
because the person walks and the device
sees him as he walks to bed,
sees him as he walks to bed,
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什么时候在床上停止了活动，
05:12
when he stops tossing around in bed,
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和什么时候受监测人离开了床，
05:15
when he steps out of bed,
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这种记录睡眠的方式也是
人们所说的“活动记录”。
人们所说的“活动记录”。
05:16
and that measure of sleep
is what people call actigraphy.
is what people call actigraphy.
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这是一种以活动为基础的记录方式。
05:20
It's based on motion.
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05:23
But it turned out
that we can actually get sleep
that we can actually get sleep
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但实际上，我们可以更加深入地
监测睡眠活动。
05:26
at a much more important level.
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我们可以通过仪器来理解
05:28
We can understand
the change in the brain waves
the change in the brain waves
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人在睡眠时脑电波的变化。
05:32
that occur during sleep.
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05:35
So, many of you probably know
that as we go to sleep,
that as we go to sleep,
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很多人应该会了解，
在我们睡觉的时候，
在我们睡觉的时候，
脑电波会随着我们进入
不同的睡眠状态而改变：
不同的睡眠状态而改变：
05:38
our brainwaves change
and we enter different stages:
and we enter different stages:
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醒着、浅睡期、深度睡眠
和快速眼动期各不相同。
和快速眼动期各不相同。
05:41
awake, light sleep, deep sleep
and REM, or rapid eye movement.
and REM, or rapid eye movement.
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05:46
These stages are of course
related to sleep disorders,
related to sleep disorders,
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这些不同阶段的特征
不仅能反映出睡眠障碍，
不仅能反映出睡眠障碍，
更与多种不同的疾病相关联。
05:50
but they are also related
to various diseases.
to various diseases.
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比如说，快速动眼期存在干扰
往往与抑郁症有关。
往往与抑郁症有关。
05:53
So for example, disturbances in REM
are associated with depression.
are associated with depression.
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05:59
Disturbances in deep sleep
are associated with Alzheimer's.
are associated with Alzheimer's.
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深度睡眠期存在干扰往往与
阿兹海默症（老年痴呆症）有关。
阿兹海默症（老年痴呆症）有关。
06:04
So if you want to get sleep staging,
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通常如果你想知道
自己在各阶段的睡眠状况，
自己在各阶段的睡眠状况，
你需要去大型医院，
06:07
today, you will send the person
to the hospital,
to the hospital,
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医护人员会将很多电极
连接到你的身上，
连接到你的身上，
06:09
they put all of these
electrodes on their head,
electrodes on their head,
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并且让你连着那些电极睡觉。
06:12
and they ask them to sleep like that.
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（笑声）
06:13
(Laughter)
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这实在不是一个愉快的经历。
06:16
It's not really a happy experience.
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06:20
So what if I tell you
that I can do the same thing
that I can do the same thing
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但现在如果我告诉你，
我们可以不用在你身上贴电极
我们可以不用在你身上贴电极
就可以监测你的各个
睡眠阶段的状况，听起来如何？
睡眠阶段的状况，听起来如何？
06:23
but without any of these electrodes
on the person's body?
on the person's body?
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06:27
So here is our device,
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这是我们的仪器，
它会发射低能无线信号，
06:29
transmitting very low power
wireless signal,
wireless signal,
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并且用人工智能分析信号的反射，
06:32
analyzes the reflections using AI
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辨认出你在整晚不同的睡眠阶段。
06:34
and spits out the sleep stages
throughout the night.
throughout the night.
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06:38
So we know, for example,
when this person is dreaming.
when this person is dreaming.
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由此我们可以知道，
例如说这个人什么时候在做梦。
例如说这个人什么时候在做梦。
06:44
Not just that ...
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不仅如此，
06:46
we can even get your breathing
while you are sitting like that,
while you are sitting like that,
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当你像画面中的人
一样坐着的时候，
一样坐着的时候，
它可以在不接触你的状态下
监测你的呼吸。
监测你的呼吸。
06:49
and without touching you.
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你可以看到他在坐着看书，
06:51
So he is sitting and reading
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这些曲线波动是他在吸气，呼气。
06:53
and this is his inhales, exhales.
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我们让他屏住呼吸，
06:55
We asked him to hold his breath,
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你可以看到信号停留
在了一个稳定的水平
在了一个稳定的水平
06:58
and you see the signal
staying at a steady level
staying at a steady level
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因为他呼出了气，
07:00
because he exhaled.
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没有再吸气。
07:02
He did not inhale.
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07:05
And I want to zoom in on the signal.
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现在我放大来看这些信号，
这些是和以前一样的信号。
07:07
And this is the same signal as before.
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这些是吸气的时候，
07:09
These are the inhales,
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这些是呼气的时候。
07:11
these are the exhales.
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你看到这些信号上的小波动了吗？
07:13
And you see these blips on the signal?
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它们并不是噪音。
07:15
These are not noise.
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07:17
They are his heartbeats.
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那是他的心跳。
07:19
And you can see them beat by beat.
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你可以看到心脏的每一次跳动，
07:23
So I want to stop here for a moment
and show you a live demo.
and show you a live demo.
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我想暂停一下讲解，
来给你们做一个现场演示。
来给你们做一个现场演示。
扎克会帮助我做这个演示，
07:27
Zach is going to help me with the demo,
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我们将在这里直接用我们的仪器
来监测扎克的呼吸。
来监测扎克的呼吸。
07:29
and we're going to use the device
to monitor Zach's breathing.
to monitor Zach's breathing.
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07:35
So this white box
that you see here is the device,
that you see here is the device,
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这个白色的盒子里
装着我们的仪器，
装着我们的仪器，
扎克正在将它的电源打开，
07:39
and Zach is turning it on ...
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07:43
and I see that he breathes well.
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让我们看看他的呼吸怎么样。
我们正在做和之前视频中
完全一样的事情，
完全一样的事情，
07:46
So we're going to do exactly what we did
in the video with the other guy,
in the video with the other guy,
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当无线信号传播过来的时候，
07:50
so the wireless signal is going through,
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会接触扎克的身体，
07:53
it's touching Zach's body,
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然后反射回仪器中，
07:55
and it's reflecting back to the device,
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我们用这反射信号
来监测他的呼吸活动。
来监测他的呼吸活动。
07:57
and we want to monitor his breathing,
his inhale-exhale motion.
his inhale-exhale motion.
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我们可以在这儿看到他的呼吸，
08:00
So we see the inhales, exhales --
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这些上下浮动的曲线
就是扎克的呼吸。
就是扎克的呼吸。
08:03
so see, these ups and downs
are Zach breathing.
are Zach breathing.
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08:10
Inhaling, exhaling.
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吸气，呼气。
（掌声）
08:12
(Applause)
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看来他呼吸得不错。
08:17
So, he can breathe.
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（笑声）
08:20
(Laughter)
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扎克，可以请你屏住呼吸一会儿么？
08:21
Zach, can you hold your breath, please?
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08:25
OK, so now he's holding his breath,
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好的，他现在屏住了呼吸，
那么你可以看到信号
停留在了一个稳定的水平，
停留在了一个稳定的水平，
08:28
so you see the signal stays
at a steady level,
at a steady level,
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还有这些是他的心跳。
08:30
and these are his heartbeats.
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砰，砰，砰，砰，砰。
08:32
Beat, beat, beat, beat, beat.
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（掌声）
08:35
(Applause)
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谢谢你扎克，
你可以正常呼吸了。
你可以正常呼吸了。
08:36
OK, Zach, you can breathe again.
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（笑声）
08:38
(Laughter)
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我们可不想让他在台上缺氧。
08:40
We don't want accidents here.
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（笑声）
08:42
(Laughter)
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好的，谢谢你。
08:43
OK, thank you.
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（掌声）
08:45
(Applause)
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那么你可以看到，我们的这个仪器
08:51
So as you can see, we have this device
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可以监测很多生理信号，
08:54
that can monitor so many
physiological signals for you,
physiological signals for you,
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最特别的是，
08:58
and what is really interesting
about this device
about this device
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这个仪器不需要连接
任何配戴式设备，
任何配戴式设备，
09:01
is that it does all this
without any wearables,
without any wearables,
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也不需要让被监测者
改变他的日常行为，
改变他的日常行为，
09:03
without asking the person
to change his behavior
to change his behavior
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不需要穿戴任何东西，也不需要充电。
09:06
or to wear anything
or charge anything special.
or charge anything special.
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09:09
And that got doctors very excited,
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这令医生们十分感兴趣，
因为医生们
09:12
because doctors,
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一直想要了解更多
他们病人的体征信息，
他们病人的体征信息，
09:13
they always want to know
more information about their patients,
more information about their patients,
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特别是那些患有慢性疾病的人
09:16
particularly at home,
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在家中的状态，尤其像一些肺部疾病，
09:18
and this is particularly true
in chronic diseases,
in chronic diseases,
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比如说COPD (慢阻肺)，
09:20
like pulmonary diseases, like COPD,
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或是心脏衰竭，阿兹海默症，
甚至是抑郁症。
甚至是抑郁症。
09:24
or heart failure or Alzheimer's
and even depression.
and even depression.
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所有这类慢性疾病都不容忽视。
09:29
All of these chronic diseases
are very important.
are very important.
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实际上，你可能知道，
09:31
In fact -- perhaps you know --
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美国三分之二的医疗支出
09:34
two-thirds of the cost
of health care in the US
of health care in the US
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都源于慢性疾病。
09:37
is due to chronic diseases.
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09:39
But what is really interesting
about chronic diseases
about chronic diseases
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但慢性疾病真正麻烦的是，
比如说一个人的健康问题，
09:42
is that when the person, for example,
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已经发展到需要去医院
或是急症室的时候，
或是急症室的时候，
09:43
has a problem that leads
to the hospital and the emergency room,
to the hospital and the emergency room,
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这些疾病并不是一晚上发展出来的。
09:48
this problem doesn't happen overnight.
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这些慢性疾病都是渐渐发展的。
09:51
Actually, things happen gradually.
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那么当我们可以在慢性疾病
患者家中对其进行检测，
患者家中对其进行检测，
09:53
So if we can monitor
chronic disease patients in their home,
chronic disease patients in their home,
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我们就可以及时发现病人在呼吸、心率、
身体机能、睡眠等方面的异常，
身体机能、睡眠等方面的异常，
09:56
we can detect changes in their breathing,
heartbeat, mobility, sleep --
heartbeat, mobility, sleep --
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从而在紧急情况发生之前，
10:01
and we can detect emergencies
before they occur
before they occur
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尽早地通知医生进行干预，
10:05
and have the doctor intervene earlier
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这样我们就可以避免住院治疗。
10:07
so that we can avoid hospitalization.
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10:10
And indeed, today we are working
with multiple doctors
with multiple doctors
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如今，我们已经在与多名医生合作，
对不同的疾病类型进行研究。
10:14
in different disease categories.
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我对此真的非常兴奋，
10:16
So I'm really excited
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因为我们已经开始使用
仪器监测很多病人了。
仪器监测很多病人了。
10:17
because we have deployed the device
with many patients.
with many patients.
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比如说我们在监测慢阻肺患者，
10:20
We have deployed the device
with patients that have COPD,
with patients that have COPD,
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慢阻肺是一种肺部疾病，
10:24
which is a pulmonary disease,
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阿兹海默症患者，
10:25
patients that have Alzheimer's,
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抑郁症与焦虑症患者，
10:27
patients that have depression and anxiety
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还有一些帕金森患者。
10:29
and people that have Parkinson's.
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10:32
And we are working with the doctors
on improving their life,
on improving their life,
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我们在和医生们一起努力，
去了解这些疾病的成因，
去了解这些疾病的成因，
去改善这些病人的生活。
10:35
understanding the disease better.
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10:38
So when I started, I told you
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在我演讲的最开始，
我告诉过你们，
我告诉过你们，
我对星球大战非常的着迷，
尤其是星球大战里的原力，
尤其是星球大战里的原力，
10:41
that I'm really fascinated with Star Wars
and the Force in Star Wars,
and the Force in Star Wars,
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实际上，随着我一点点长大，
10:46
and indeed, I'm still
very much fascinated,
very much fascinated,
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甚至现在，我依然对其非常着迷，
10:50
even now, as a grown-up, with Star Wars,
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2006
10:52
waiting for the next movie.
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期待着星球大战的下一部巨作。
但是我现在对新的原力更加着迷，
10:54
But I'm very fascinated now and excited
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对无线信号的力量，
10:59
about this new Force of wireless signals,
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以及新的原力可能改变
现有医疗现状的潜力。
现有医疗现状的潜力。
11:03
and the potential of changing
health care with this new force.
health care with this new force.
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现在配备有我们仪器的病人
之一是我的姑妈。
之一是我的姑妈。
11:07
One of the patients with whom
we deployed is actually my aunt.
we deployed is actually my aunt.
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她患有心力衰竭，
11:10
She has heart failure,
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我相信很多在座的听众，
11:12
and I'm sure many of you guys
in the audience
in the audience
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你们的父母，祖父母，或是
所爱之人当中有人患有慢性疾病。
所爱之人当中有人患有慢性疾病。
11:16
have parents, grandparents,
loved ones who have chronic diseases.
loved ones who have chronic diseases.
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我希望让你们和我一起
想象一下这个未来，
想象一下这个未来，
11:21
So I want you to imagine with me a future
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在每一个病人的家中，
11:24
where in every home
that has a chronic disease patient,
that has a chronic disease patient,
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有这样的一个仪器
11:26
there is a device like this device
sitting in the background
sitting in the background
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默默地监测病人的睡眠，呼吸，
11:30
and just monitoring passively
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以及身体健康状况，
11:32
sleep, breathing, the health
of this chronic disease patient,
of this chronic disease patient,
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它可以在紧急情况发生之前，
11:37
and before an emergency occurs,
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检测到病人的生理信号的异常，
11:39
it would detect the degradation
in the physiological signal
in the physiological signal
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并且向医生发出预警，
11:42
and alert the doctor
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从而避免住院治疗。
11:43
so that we can avoid hospitalization.
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11:46
This can change health care
as we know it today,
as we know it today,
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这可以大大地改善
现有的医疗状况，
现有的医疗状况，
让我们对慢性疾病
有更深层次的理解，
有更深层次的理解，
11:49
improve how we understand
chronic diseases
chronic diseases
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并且救助很多的生命。
11:52
and also save many lives.
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谢谢。
11:54
Thank you.
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（掌声）
11:56
(Applause)
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海伦 · 沃尔特斯：
“谢谢你，迪娜。
“谢谢你，迪娜。
12:01
Helen Walters: Dina, thank you so much.
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同样谢谢你，扎克。
12:03
Thank you too, Zach.
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很高兴看到你还在正常呼吸。
12:04
So glad you're breathing.
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迪娜，这仪器非常的不可思议。
12:05
So Dina, this is amazing.
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它积极的应用前景是不可估量的。
12:08
The positive applications are incredible.
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我想问一下它的框架是什么？比如说，
使用此仪器需要遵从的道德框架？
使用此仪器需要遵从的道德框架？
12:11
What is the framework, though,
like the ethical framework around this?
like the ethical framework around this?
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你们有什么防范措施，
12:15
What are you doing to prevent
this technology from being used
this technology from being used
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去防止别人不正当地使用这仪器呢？”
12:18
for other, perhaps less positive
types of applications?
types of applications?
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迪娜 · 卡塔比：“对，这确实是
一个非常重要的问题，
一个非常重要的问题，
12:22
Dina Katabi: Yeah, this is
a very important question, of course,
a very important question, of course,
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就像如果有人滥用，
12:25
like, what about misuse,
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或是，像黑暗原力？“
12:26
or what about, I guess you could say,
about the Dark Side of the Force?
about the Dark Side of the Force?
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海伦 · 沃尔特斯：“对，是的。”
12:30
HW: Right, right.
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（笑声）
12:31
(Laughter)
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迪娜：“我们实际上有开发一些技术，
12:33
DK: So we actually have technologies
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去防止任何人使用此仪器
12:36
that prevent people
from trying to use this device
from trying to use this device
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来监控未征得本人同意的个人。
12:41
to monitor somebody without their consent.
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因为这个仪器能识别空间，
12:43
Because the device understands space,
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它会要求被监测人做出指定动作
12:45
it will ask you to prove,
by doing certain movements,
by doing certain movements,
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来向仪器证明你有
在此空间活动的权限，
在此空间活动的权限，
12:49
that you have access to the space
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以及你愿意被此仪器监控。
12:51
and you are the person
who you are asking the device to monitor.
who you are asking the device to monitor.
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所以从技术的层面来说，
12:54
So technology-wise,
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我们有这样的技术去防止滥用，
12:56
we have technology
that we integrate to prevent misuse,
that we integrate to prevent misuse,
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但同时，我觉得就像其他事物一样，
需要特定的法规约束，
需要特定的法规约束，
13:00
but also, I think there is a role
for policy, like everything else,
for policy, like everything else,
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希望在技术和法规的双重约束下，
我们可以控制住滥用。”
我们可以控制住滥用。”
13:03
and hopefully, with the two of them,
we can control any misuse.
we can control any misuse.
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海伦 · 沃尔特斯：
“太好了，谢谢你。”
“太好了，谢谢你。”
13:09
HW: Amazing. Thank you so much.
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迪娜：“谢谢你。”
13:10
DK: Thank you.
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（掌声）
13:12
(Applause)
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Translated by He Huang
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dina Katabi - TechnologistDina Katabi investigates how AI can make wireless devices sense human motion and vital signs.
Why you should listen
Dina Katabi designs new wireless devices that use machine learning to sense people through walls and occlusions. Her devices look like a Wi-Fi box. They transmit a low-power wireless signal and capture its reflections as it bounces off people and objects. They analyze those reflections to learn how people walk, measure their gait and detect elderly falls. The device can also measure a person's breathing, heart rate and sleep quality using wireless signals, without any sensor on the person's body. Katabi is working with medical doctors to use her technology to detect health emergencies and provide a better understanding of chronic diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
Katabi is the Andrew & Erna Viterbi Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at MIT. She is also the director of the MIT's Center for Wireless Networks and Mobile Computing, a member of the National Academy of Engineering and a recipient of the MacArthur Fellowship. Her research has been recognized by the ACM Prize in Computing, the ACM Grace Murray Hopper Award, the SIGCOMM Test-of-Time Award, the IEEE William R. Bennett prize, the Faculty Research Innovation Fellowship, a Sloan Fellowship and multiple best paper awards. Several startups have been spun out of her lab, such as PiCharging and Emerald.
Dina Katabi | Speaker | TED.com