TEDGlobal 2017
DK Osseo-Asare: What a scrapyard in Ghana can teach us about innovation
DK Osseo-Asare: 加纳废品回收站教给我们的创新知识
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Readability: 5.6
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在加纳阿克拉的一个社区，阿博布罗西，人们在电子垃圾中回收原料。未经正规培训，这些城市矿工往往会把它们拆开，再把他们组装起来，从而掌握了电子产品的工作原理。设计师和TED伙伴DK Osseo-Asare想知道：如果我们把这些自学成才的技术人员和学生和年轻的专业人士联系在一起，会发生什么呢？结果就是，形成了一个不断增长的创客社区，人们在那里进行对等的、动手的教育，并受到他们想要创造的东西的激励。
DK Osseo-Asare - Designer
DK Osseo-Asare creates architecture with and for the people that design overlooks. Full bio
DK Osseo-Asare creates architecture with and for the people that design overlooks. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Come with me to Agbogbloshie,
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和我一起去阿博布罗西。
00:16
a neighborhood in the heart of Accra,
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阿克拉市中心的一个社区，
00:19
named after a god that lives
in the Odaw River.
in the Odaw River.
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命名自一位住在奥德河的神。
00:23
There's a slum, Old Fadama,
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那里有个贫民窟，老法达玛，
00:26
built on land reclaimed
from the Korle Lagoon,
from the Korle Lagoon,
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建在科勒泻湖填充而成的土地上，
00:30
just before it opens
into the Gulf of Guinea.
into the Gulf of Guinea.
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就在它进入几内亚湾之前。
00:33
There's a scrapyard here where people
take apart all kinds of things,
take apart all kinds of things,
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这里有一个废品回收站，
人们把各种各样的东西，
人们把各种各样的东西，
00:38
from mobile phones to computers,
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从手机到电脑，
00:40
automobiles to even entire airplanes.
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汽车甚至整架飞机拆分解。
00:43
Agbogbloshie's scrapyard is famous
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阿博布罗西的废品回收很出名，
00:46
because it has become a symbol
of the downside of technology:
of the downside of technology:
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因为它已经成为科技的负面标志：
00:51
the problem of planned obsolescence.
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计划报废的问题。
00:54
It's seen as a place where devices
from around the world end their life,
from around the world end their life,
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它是世界各地的设备
结束它们生命的地方，
结束它们生命的地方，
00:59
where your data comes to die.
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你的数据消亡的场所。
01:03
These are the images
that the media loves to show,
that the media loves to show,
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这些照片是媒体喜欢展示的，
01:06
of young men and boys
burning wires and cables
burning wires and cables
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年轻人和小伙子燃烧电线和电缆
01:11
to recover copper and aluminum,
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回收铜和铝，
01:14
using Styrofoam and old tires as fuel,
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使用聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料和旧轮胎
作为燃料。
作为燃料。
01:17
seriously hurting themselves
and the environment.
and the environment.
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严重伤害他们自己和环境。
01:21
It's a super-toxic process,
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这是个毒性超强的过程，
01:24
producing pollutants that enter
the global ecosystem,
the global ecosystem,
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产生进入全球生态系统的污染物，
01:28
build up in fatty tissue
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沉淀在脂肪组织中
01:30
and threaten the top of the food chain.
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并威胁食物链的顶端。
01:33
But this story is incomplete.
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但这样的故事是不完整的。
01:38
There's a lot we can learn
from Agbogbloshie,
from Agbogbloshie,
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我们可以从阿博布罗西学到很多，
01:41
where scrap collected
from city- and nationwide is brought.
from city- and nationwide is brought.
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在那里收集了
全国和全球各地的废品。
全国和全球各地的废品。
01:46
For so many of us,
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对我们很多人而言，
01:48
our devices are black boxes.
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我们的设备是黑盒子。
01:50
We know what they do,
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我们知道它们是做什么用的，
01:52
but not how they work or what's inside.
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但不知道它们工作原理或里面有啥。
01:55
In Agbogbloshie, people
make it their business
make it their business
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在阿博布罗西，
人们把它当作自己的生意，
人们把它当作自己的生意，
01:58
to know exactly what's inside.
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知道里面到底是什么。
02:00
Scrap dealers recover copper,
aluminum, steel, glass, plastic
aluminum, steel, glass, plastic
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废品回收商回收
铜、铝、钢、玻璃、塑料
铜、铝、钢、玻璃、塑料
02:05
and printed circuit boards.
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和印刷电路板。
02:07
It's called "urban mining."
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这被称为“城市采矿”。
02:09
It's now more efficient for us
to mine materials from our waste.
to mine materials from our waste.
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对我们来说，
从废品中开采材料更有效率。
从废品中开采材料更有效率。
02:16
There is 10 times more gold,
silver, platinum, palladium
silver, platinum, palladium
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1吨电子产品中黄金，白银，
铂金，钯
铂金，钯
02:20
in one ton of our electronics
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的含量
02:23
than in one ton of ore mined
from beneath the surface of the earth.
from beneath the surface of the earth.
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比地球表面下开采的同等矿石
要高10倍。
要高10倍。
02:29
In Agbogbloshie,
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在阿博布罗西，
02:31
weight is a form of currency.
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重量是一种货币形态。
02:33
Devices are dissected to recover
materials, parts and components
materials, parts and components
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设备以难以想象的细致程度被分割
02:38
with incredible attention to detail,
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以回收材料、部件和元件，
02:40
down to the aluminum tips
of electric plugs.
of electric plugs.
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细到电插头的铝尖。
02:45
But scrap dealers don't destroy
components that are still functional.
components that are still functional.
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但废品经销商不会破坏
仍能运作的部件。
仍能运作的部件。
02:49
They supply them to repair workshops
like this one in Agbogbloshie
like this one in Agbogbloshie
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他们供给在阿博布罗西
像这样的维修店，
像这样的维修店，
02:53
and the tens of thousands
of technicians across the country
of technicians across the country
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以及全国各地成千上万翻新电器
02:58
that refurbish electrical
and electronic equipment,
and electronic equipment,
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和电子设备的技术人员，
03:02
and sell them as used products
to consumers that may not be able to buy
to consumers that may not be able to buy
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把这些物品当二手产品卖给买不起
03:06
a new television or a new computer.
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新电视机或新电脑的消费者。
03:10
Make no mistake about it,
there are young hackers in Agbogbloshie --
there are young hackers in Agbogbloshie --
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毫无疑问，在阿博布罗西
有年轻的黑客，
有年轻的黑客，
03:13
and I mean that in the very best
sense of that word --
sense of that word --
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我的确切意思是指
03:17
that know not only
how to take apart computers
how to take apart computers
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那些不仅知道如何把电脑拆开，
03:20
but how to put them back together,
how to give them new life.
how to give them new life.
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也知道如何组装起来，
赋予它们新的生命的人。
赋予它们新的生命的人。
03:23
Agbogbloshie reminds us
that making is a cycle.
that making is a cycle.
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阿博布罗西提醒我们
制造是一个循环。
制造是一个循环。
03:27
It extends to remaking and unmaking
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它延伸到重塑和分解，
03:30
in order to recover the materials
that enable us to make something anew.
that enable us to make something anew.
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以恢复那些
使我们能够重新创造新事物的材料。
使我们能够重新创造新事物的材料。
03:35
We can learn from Agbogbloshie,
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我们可以像阿博布罗西了解到，
03:37
where cobblers remake work boots,
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在那补鞋匠冲造工作靴，
03:41
where women collect plastic
from all over the city,
from all over the city,
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女性从城市各处收集塑料，
03:44
sort it by type,
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分门别类，
03:46
shred it, wash it
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分解，清洗
03:48
and ultimately sell it back
as feedstock to factories
as feedstock to factories
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并最终作为原料出售给工厂
03:51
to make new clothing,
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去制造新的衣服，
03:52
new plastic buckets
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新塑料桶
03:54
and chairs.
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和椅子。
03:56
Steel is stockpiled separately,
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钢被分开储存，
03:58
where the carcasses of cars
and microwaves and washing machines
and microwaves and washing machines
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在那里汽车、微波炉和洗衣机的部件
04:02
become iron rods for new construction;
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成为新建材的铁棒；
04:05
where roofing sheets become cookstoves;
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屋顶的薄钢板变成炉灶；
04:07
where shafts from cars become chisels
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汽车上的轴变成凿子
04:11
that are used to scrap more objects;
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用来拆解更多的物品。
04:14
where aluminum recovered
from the radiators of fridges
from the radiators of fridges
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冰箱和空调的散热器中
04:19
and air conditioners
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回收的铝
04:21
are melted down
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被融化后
04:23
and use sand casting to make
ornaments for the building industry,
ornaments for the building industry,
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用砂铸造为建筑行业的装饰，
04:27
for pots which are sold just down
the street in the Agbogbloshie market
the street in the Agbogbloshie market
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那些在阿博布罗西市场上卖的罐子里
04:31
with a full array of locally made
ovens, stoves and smokers,
ovens, stoves and smokers,
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装满了各种各样本地制造的烤箱、
炉灶和排烟机，
炉灶和排烟机，
04:37
which are used every day
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每日用于
04:39
to make the majority of palm nut soups,
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制作城里大部分的棕榈仁汤，
04:42
of tea and sugar breads,
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茶和糖面包，
04:44
of grilled tilapia in the city.
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还有烤罗非鱼。
04:47
They're made in roadside workshops
like this one by welders like Mohammed,
like this one by welders like Mohammed,
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它们是在这样的作坊里
像穆罕默德这样的焊工制作的，
像穆罕默德这样的焊工制作的，
04:52
who recover materials
from the waste stream
from the waste stream
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他从废物流中回收各种材料
04:54
and use them to make all kinds of things,
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使用来制作各种各样的东西，
04:56
like dumbbells for working out
out of old car parts.
out of old car parts.
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比如从旧汽车零件中制造出哑铃。
04:59
But here's what's really cool:
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但最酷的是：
05:01
the welding machines
they use look like this,
they use look like this,
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他们使用的焊接机器是这样的，
05:03
and they're made
by specially coiling copper
by specially coiling copper
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它们是由旧变压器废料中回收的
05:07
around electrical steel
recovered from old transformer scrap.
recovered from old transformer scrap.
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特殊的卷铜制成而成的。
05:14
There's an entire industry
just next to Agbogbloshie
just next to Agbogbloshie
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在阿博布罗西旁边就有个产业
05:18
making locally fabricated welding machines
that power local fabrication.
that power local fabrication.
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制造焊接机器，
为本地制造提供动力。
为本地制造提供动力。
05:23
What's really cool as well is that
there's a transfer of skills and knowledge
there's a transfer of skills and knowledge
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真正酷的是知识和技能在
05:27
across generations,
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不同代间的传承，
05:28
from masters to apprentices,
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从师傅到学徒，
05:30
but it's done through active learning,
through heuristic learning,
through heuristic learning,
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但这是通过主动学习，启发式学习，
05:34
learning by doing and by making.
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通过动手和制作来学习的。
05:36
And this stands in sharp contrast
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这与很多学生在学校的经历
05:38
to the experience
of many students in school,
of many students in school,
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正好形成鲜明的对比，
05:41
where lecturers lecture,
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那里上课就是上课，
05:42
and students write things down
and memorize them.
and memorize them.
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学生把东西写下来记住。
05:46
It's boring, but the real problem is
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这非常无趣，但真正的问题在于
05:48
this somehow preempts their latent
or their inherent entrepreneurial power.
or their inherent entrepreneurial power.
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这某种程度上取代了他们的天赋
或他们与生俱来的创业能力。
或他们与生俱来的创业能力。
05:55
They know books but not how to make stuff.
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他们知道书本知识，
但不知道如何做事。
但不知道如何做事。
05:58
Four years ago, my cofounder
Yasmine Abbas and I asked:
Yasmine Abbas and I asked:
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4年前，我的联合创始人Yasmine Abbas
和我问自己：
和我问自己：
06:02
What would happen if we could couple
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如果我们把非正规部门中
06:05
the practical know-how of makers
in the informal sector
in the informal sector
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自学成才的人与
06:09
with the technical knowledge
of students and young professionals
of students and young professionals
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集科学，技术，工程，艺术和数学
06:13
in STEAM fields --
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的STEAM教育体系
06:15
science, technology, engineering,
arts and mathematics --
arts and mathematics --
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中的学生和年轻专业人士的知识
结合在一起，
结合在一起，
06:19
to build a STEAM-powered innovation engine
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去构建STEAM模式的创新引擎
06:22
to drive what we call
"Sankofa Innovation," which I'll explain.
"Sankofa Innovation," which I'll explain.
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去推动我们所说的“桑科法创新”的话，
会发生什么？
会发生什么？
06:27
We took forays into the scrapyard
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我们突袭了废品回收站
06:31
to look for what could be repurposed,
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去寻找什么东西可以重新利用，
06:34
like DVD writers that could
become laser etchers,
become laser etchers,
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如DVD读写器可以变成
激光蚀刻机，
激光蚀刻机，
06:37
or the power supplies of old servers
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或是旧服务器的电源
06:40
for a start-up in Kumasi
making 3D printers out of e-waste.
making 3D printers out of e-waste.
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为库马西的一家创业公司，为他们用
电子垃圾制作3D打印机提供电源。
电子垃圾制作3D打印机提供电源。
06:45
The key was to bring together
young people from different backgrounds
young people from different backgrounds
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关键在于把来自不同背景的年轻人，
06:49
that ordinarily never have
anything to do with each other,
anything to do with each other,
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他们平常基本不会产生任何联系，
06:52
to have a conversation
about how they could collaborate
about how they could collaborate
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去就可能的协作进行对话
06:56
and to test and develop
new machines and tools
new machines and tools
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并测试和开发新的机器和工具，
07:00
that could allow them to shred
and strip copper instead of burning it,
and strip copper instead of burning it,
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这些工具可以让他们分解并剥去铜
而不是燃烧掉，
而不是燃烧掉，
07:04
to mold plastic bricks and tiles,
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去塑造塑料砖和瓦，
07:07
to build new computers out of components
recovered from dead electronics,
recovered from dead electronics,
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用从废弃电子设备回收的部件
来制造新计算机，
来制造新计算机，
07:13
to build a drone.
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去制造无人机。
07:16
And here you can see it flying
for the first time in Agbogbloshie.
for the first time in Agbogbloshie.
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你现在看到的是
它在阿博布罗西首航。
它在阿博布罗西首航。
07:22
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
07:27
Yasmine and I have collaborated
with over 1,500 young people,
with over 1,500 young people,
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Yasmine和我与超过1500位年轻人合作，
07:31
750 from STEAM fields,
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750位来自STEAM领域 ，
07:34
and over 750 grassroots makers
and scrap dealers
and scrap dealers
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超过750位是来自阿博布罗西和其他地区的
07:39
from Agbogbloshie and beyond.
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草根创客和废品经销商。
07:41
They've joined hands together
to develop a platform
to develop a platform
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他们携手一到开发了一个他们
07:46
which they call Spacecraft,
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称为太空船的平台，
07:49
a hybrid physical and digital
space for crafting,
space for crafting,
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一个混合物理和数字的工艺空间，
07:53
more of a process than a product,
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更多是一个过程而非产品，
07:56
an open architecture for making,
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一个制造的开放架构，
08:00
which involves three parts:
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其中包括三个部分：
08:01
a makerspace kiosk,
which is prefab and modular;
which is prefab and modular;
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一个创客空间的小亭子，
它是预制和模块化的。
它是预制和模块化的。
08:04
tool kits which can be customized
based on what makers want to make;
based on what makers want to make;
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可以根据创客想要制造的产品
定制的工具包，
定制的工具包，
08:09
and a trading app.
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和一个交易的APP。
08:10
We built the app specifically
with the needs of the scrap dealers
with the needs of the scrap dealers
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我们专门开发了这款应用，
以满足废品经销商的需求。
以满足废品经销商的需求。
08:14
in mind first,
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首先要清楚，
08:15
because we realized that it was not enough
to arm them with information
to arm them with information
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因为我们知道光用信息和升级科技
08:20
and upgraded technology
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武装他们是不够的。
08:21
if we wanted them to green
their recycling processes;
their recycling processes;
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如果想让他们绿色化回收流程，
08:25
they needed incentives.
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他们需要动力。
08:27
Scrap dealers are always looking
for new scrap and new buyers
for new scrap and new buyers
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废品经销商总在寻找新的废品和
新的买家
新的买家
08:30
and what interests them
is finding buyers who will pay more
is finding buyers who will pay more
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让他们感兴趣的是找到愿意为清洁铜
而非燃烧的
而非燃烧的
08:35
for clean copper than for burnt.
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支付更多钱的买家。
08:38
We realized that in the entire ecosystem,
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我们意识到在整个生态系统中，
08:40
everyone was searching for something.
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每个人都在寻找东西。
08:43
Makers are searching for materials,
parts, components, tools, blueprints
parts, components, tools, blueprints
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创客在寻找材料、部件、组件、
工具、蓝图
工具、蓝图
08:49
to make what it is they want to make.
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去制造他们想要制造的东西。
08:51
They're also finding a way
to let customers and clientele
to let customers and clientele
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他们也在寻找方法让顾客和客户
08:55
find out that they can repair a blender
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发现他们可以修理搅拌机
08:57
or fix an iron
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或修理熨斗，
08:59
or, as we learned yesterday,
to make a french fry machine.
to make a french fry machine.
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或者，就像我们昨天了解的，
做一个炸薯条机器。
做一个炸薯条机器。
09:03
On the flip side, you find
that there are end users
that there are end users
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另一方面，你发现终端用户
09:06
that are desperately looking for someone
that can make them a french fry machine,
that can make them a french fry machine,
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在迫切寻找能够帮他们制作
炸薯条机器的人，
炸薯条机器的人，
09:10
and you have scrap dealers who are
looking how they can collect this scrap,
looking how they can collect this scrap,
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而废品经销商在寻找
如何收集这些废料，
如何收集这些废料，
09:14
process it, and turn it back
into an input for new making.
into an input for new making.
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处理它，并将它转换为
新制造的输入。
新制造的输入。
09:18
We tried to untangle
that knot of not knowing
that knot of not knowing
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我们试图解开这个不知道的结，
09:21
to allow people to find what they need
to make what they want to make.
to make what they want to make.
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让人们找到他们想要的东西，
去做他们想做的事。
去做他们想做的事。
09:24
We prototyped the makerspace
kiosk in Agbogbloshie,
kiosk in Agbogbloshie,
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我们在阿博布罗西制作的
创客空间小亭子，
创客空间小亭子，
09:28
conceived as the opposite of a school:
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作为学校的对立面：
09:31
a portal into experiential
and experimental making
and experimental making
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一个进入试验和实验制作的门户，
09:35
that connects local and global
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用来连接本地和全球，
09:37
and connects making
with remaking and unmaking.
with remaking and unmaking.
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并连接制造，再造和分解。
09:41
We made a rule that everything
had to be made from scratch
had to be made from scratch
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我们立下了一条规矩
所有的东西都应用制造自
所有的东西都应用制造自
09:45
using only materials made in Ghana
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加纳制造的废品材料
09:47
or sourced from the scrapyard.
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或者废料场采购的材料。
09:50
The structures essentially are
simple trusses which bolt together.
simple trusses which bolt together.
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这些结构本质上
是简单的结合在一起的。
是简单的结合在一起的。
09:54
It takes about two hours to assemble
one module with semi-skilled labor,
one module with semi-skilled labor,
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半熟练工人组装一个模块
大约需要两个小时，
大约需要两个小时，
09:59
and by developing tooling
and jigs and rigs,
and jigs and rigs,
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通过开发工具，夹具和钻机，
10:02
we were able to actually
build these standardized parts
build these standardized parts
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我们能够在这个手工焊接的
生态系统中
生态系统中
10:06
within this ecosystem of artisanal welders
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建立这些标准化的部件，
10:09
with the precision of one millimeter --
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精度可达1毫米。
10:12
of course, using made-in-Agbogbloshie
welding machines,
welding machines,
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当然，
使用阿博布罗西制造的焊接机，
使用阿博布罗西制造的焊接机，
10:15
as well as for the tools,
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以及这些工具，
10:17
which can lock, the toolboxes,
and stack to make workbenches,
and stack to make workbenches,
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这些工具盒都可以堆积固定
成为工作台，
成为工作台，
10:20
and again, customized
based on what you want to make.
based on what you want to make.
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再说一次，可以根据你想要的东西
进行定制。
进行定制。
10:23
We've tested the app in Agbogbloshie
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我们在阿博布罗西测试这个APP
10:26
and are getting ready to open it up
to other maker ecosystems.
to other maker ecosystems.
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并准确将其开放给
其他创客的生存体系。
其他创客的生存体系。
10:30
In six months, we'll have finished
three years of testing
three years of testing
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在6个月中，我们完成对创客空间亭
10:34
the makerspace kiosk,
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的三年测试，
10:36
which I have to admit, we've subjected
to some pretty horrific abuse.
to some pretty horrific abuse.
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我们不得不承认，
我们受到了一些粗暴的对待。
我们受到了一些粗暴的对待。
10:40
But it's for a good cause,
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但这有正当的理由，
10:42
because based on
the results of that testing,
the results of that testing,
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因为基于测试的结果，
10:44
we've been able to redesign
an upgraded version of this makerspace.
an upgraded version of this makerspace.
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我们已经能够重新设计
这个创客空间的升级版。
这个创客空间的升级版。
如果一个工厂实验室又大，又贵，
又不易移动，
又不易移动，
10:49
If a fab lab is large, expensive,
and fixed in place,
and fixed in place,
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10:55
think of this as the counterpoint:
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就可以把这想成其对立面：
10:58
something low-cost,
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它是低成本的，
11:00
which can be locally manufactured,
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可以本地制造，
11:04
which can be expanded
and kitted out incrementally
and kitted out incrementally
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可以扩展并随着创客的资源需求
11:07
as makers acquire resources.
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逐渐增加。
11:09
You can think of it as a toolshed,
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你可以把它想象成一个工具棚，
11:12
where makers can come and check out tools
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创客可以来这里查找工具，
11:15
and take them via handcart
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用手推车拿走它们，
11:18
to wherever they want in the city
to make what it is they want to make.
to make what it is they want to make.
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到他们想去的地方，
做他们想做的东西。
做他们想做的东西。
11:21
And moving into the next phase,
we're planning to also add
we're planning to also add
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进入下一个阶段，我们还打算添加
11:24
ceiling-mounted CNC bots,
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嵌入式的数控机器人，
11:27
which allow makers to cocreate
together with robots.
together with robots.
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可以让创客与机器人共同制造。
11:31
Ultimately, this is a kit of parts
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最终，这是一套
11:33
which can be assembled locally
within the informal sector
within the informal sector
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可以在非正规部门内部组装的部件，
11:37
using standardized parts
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使用可以通过开源过程
11:38
which can be upgraded collectively
through an open-source process.
through an open-source process.
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进行集体升级的标准化部件。
11:46
In totality, this entire
makerspace system
makerspace system
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总的来说，整个创客空间系统
11:49
tries to do five things:
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试图做5件事情：
11:50
to enable emerging makers
to gather the resources they need
to gather the resources they need
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让新兴创客能够收集到
所需要的资源
所需要的资源
11:56
and the tools to make
what they want to make;
what they want to make;
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和工具去制造他们想做的东西；
11:58
to learn by doing and from others;
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通过亲自做和他人身上学习；
12:01
to produce more and better products;
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去制造更多和更好的产品；
12:04
to be able to trade
to generate steady income;
to generate steady income;
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可以通过交易产生稳定的收入；
12:06
and ultimately, to amplify
not only their reputation as a maker,
not only their reputation as a maker,
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最终，不仅要扩大他们作为创客的
声誉，
声誉，
12:10
but their maker potential.
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还有他们的创客潜能。
12:13
Sankofa is one of the most powerful
Adinkra symbols of the Akan peoples
Adinkra symbols of the Akan peoples
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桑科法是在加纳和科德维尔的阿卡人
12:17
in Ghana and Cote d'Ivoire,
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最强大的阿丁克拉族符号之一，
12:19
and it can be represented as a bird
reaching onto its back to collect an egg,
reaching onto its back to collect an egg,
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它可以描绘成一只鸟
到它的背上去收集鸟蛋，
到它的背上去收集鸟蛋，
12:24
a symbol of power.
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一种力量的符号。
12:27
It translates literally from the Twi
as "return and get it,"
as "return and get it,"
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它从字面上翻译过来就是
"回来并得到它"
"回来并得到它"
12:30
and what this means is that if
an individual or a community or a society
an individual or a community or a society
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这意味着假如一个人，
一个社区或一个社会
一个社区或一个社会
12:35
wants to have a successful future,
they have to draw on the past.
they have to draw on the past.
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想要在未来取得成功，
他们必须回到过去。
他们必须回到过去。
12:40
To acquire and master
existing ways of doing,
existing ways of doing,
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去获取并掌握现存的做事方法，
12:43
access the knowledge of their ancestors.
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获取他们祖先的知识。
12:45
And this is very relevant
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这是非常相关的，
12:47
if we want to think about an inclusive
future for Africa today.
future for Africa today.
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如果我们想为今天的非洲
考虑一个包容性的未来。
考虑一个包容性的未来。
12:51
We have to start from the ground up,
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我们必须从头开始，
12:54
mining what already works
for methods and for models,
for methods and for models,
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挖掘已经适用的方法和模型，
12:58
and to think about how might we
be able to connect,
be able to connect,
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并去想想我们如何去连接，
13:02
in a kind of "both-and,"
not "either-or" paradigm,
not "either-or" paradigm,
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以一种“两者都”而非
“非此即彼”的范式，
“非此即彼”的范式，
13:06
the innovation capacity
of this growing network
of this growing network
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去连接这个不断增长的科技中心
13:09
of tech hubs and incubators
across the continent
across the continent
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和孵化器网络的创新能力，
13:13
and to rethink beyond national boundaries
and political boundaries,
and political boundaries,
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并重新思考超越国界和政治界限的
问题，
问题，
13:17
to think about how we can network
innovation in Africa
innovation in Africa
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去思考我们如何在非洲建立
网络创新，
网络创新，
13:22
with the spirit of Sankofa
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在桑科法精神
13:24
and the existing capacity
of makers at the grassroots.
of makers at the grassroots.
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以及现存的草根阶层能力的指导下。
13:30
If, in the future, someone tells you
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假若，将来，有人告诉你
13:31
Agbogbloshie is the largest
e-waste dump in the world,
e-waste dump in the world,
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阿博布罗西是世界上最大的
电子垃圾场，
电子垃圾场，
13:35
I hope you can correct them
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我希望你能纠正他们，
13:37
and explain to them that a dump
is a place where you throw things away
is a place where you throw things away
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并向他们解释垃圾堆是
你把东西往哪一堆
你把东西往哪一堆
就再也不管的地方；
13:42
and leave them forever;
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13:43
a scrapyard is where
you take things apart.
you take things apart.
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废料场是你把东西拆卸的地方。
13:45
Waste is something
that no longer has any value,
that no longer has any value,
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废品是不再有任何价值的东西，
13:49
whereas scrap is something
that you recover
that you recover
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而废料是你回收回来
13:51
specifically to use it
to remake something new.
to remake something new.
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专门用来制造新东西的物品。
13:57
Making is a cycle,
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制造是一个循环，
13:59
and African makerspaces
are already pioneering and leading
are already pioneering and leading
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非洲的创客空间已经在领先和引领
14:05
circular economy at the grassroots.
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草根阶层的循环经济。
14:09
Let's make more and better together.
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让我们一起做得越来越好。
14:11
Thank you.
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谢谢
14:12
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
DK Osseo-Asare - DesignerDK Osseo-Asare creates architecture with and for the people that design overlooks.
Why you should listen
Africa today has the youngest population and fastest rate of urbanization on the planet. How can we amplify indigenous innovation continent-wide to accommodate the needs of Africa’s next billion urban dwellers? Collaborating with thousands of young people in West Africa over the past decade, DK Osseo-Asare has pioneered new approaches to design and deliver architecture and inclusive innovation to people living in resource-constrained environments: reframing the micro-architectures of "kiosk culture" as urban infrastructure for resilience; experimenting with "bambots," or bamboo architecture robots; and prototyping off-grid in the Niger Delta an open-source model of hybrid rural/urban development for Africa.
In 2012, Osseo-Asare and Yasmine Abbas launched the Agbogbloshie Makerspace Platform (AMP), a community-based project to empower grassroots makers in Africa and beyond. Co-designed with over a thousand youth in and around Agbogbloshie scrapyard in Accra, Ghana -- infamously mischaracterized as "the world's largest e-waste dump" -- AMP Spacecraft is an open architecture for "crafting space" that links a mobile structure with modular toolsets to help makers make more and better, together. AMP has deployed three spacecraft to date, with the goal of networking a pan-African fleet of maker kiosks that enable youth to reimagine (e-)waste as raw material for building digital futures, recycle better and unlock their creative potential to remake the world.
Osseo-Asare is co-founding principal of Low Design Office (LOWDO), a trans-Atlantic architecture and integrated design studio based in Ghana and Texas. He co-founded the Ashesi Design Lab as Chief Maker and is Assistant Professor of Architecture and Engineering Design at Penn State University, where he runs the Humanitarian Materials Lab (HuMatLab) and serves as Associate Director of Penn State’s Alliance for Education, Science, Engineering and Design with Africa (AESEDA).
DK Osseo-Asare | Speaker | TED.com