TEDGlobal 2017
DK Osseo-Asare: What a scrapyard in Ghana can teach us about innovation
DK Osseo-Asare: Kipi ambacho jalala lililopo Ghana linaweza kutufundisha kuhusu uvumbuzi
Filmed:
Readability: 5.6
1,277,722 views
Sehemu iitwayo Agbogbloshie, jamii iliyopo Accra, Ghana, watu huenda kwenye jalala kuokota vifaa vibovu vya kielectroniki ili kupata malighafi. Bila mafunzo maalumu, wachimbaji hawa wa mjini hujifunza wenyewe jinsi gani vifaa hivi vinafanya kazi kwa kuvifungua na kuvifunga tena. Mshiriki wa TED DK Osseo-Asare anajiuliza: Kipi kitatokea kama tutaunganisha mafundi hawa waliojifundisha pamoja na wanafunzi na vijana wataalamu katika nyanja ya STEM(Sayansi, Teknolojia, Uhandisi na Hisabati)? Matokeo: jamii ya waundaji iliyo kubwa ambapo watu wanaungana pamoja na kuhamasika kutokana na kile wanachotaka kutengeneza. Jifunze zaidi ni namna gani sehemu hii ya uundaji inaongoza katika uchumi ulio na mzunguko katika ngazi ya chini.
DK Osseo-Asare - Designer
DK Osseo-Asare creates architecture with and for the people that design overlooks. Full bio
DK Osseo-Asare creates architecture with and for the people that design overlooks. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Come with me to Agbogbloshie,
0
1650
2660
Twende pamoja sehemu iitwayo Agbogbloshie
00:16
a neighborhood in the heart of Accra,
1
4334
2786
eneo lililopo katikati ya jiji la Accra,
00:19
named after a god that lives
in the Odaw River.
in the Odaw River.
2
7144
3504
sehemu ambayo imepewa jina la miungu inayoishi mto wa Odaw.
00:23
There's a slum, Old Fadama,
3
11503
2814
kuna kitongoji duni na kongwe, Fadama,
00:26
built on land reclaimed
from the Korle Lagoon,
from the Korle Lagoon,
4
14341
3775
uliojengwa kwenye ardhi iliyochukuliwa toka kwa Korle Lagoon,
00:30
just before it opens
into the Gulf of Guinea.
into the Gulf of Guinea.
5
18140
2704
kabla ya kufunguka kwenye ghuba ya Guinea.
00:33
There's a scrapyard here where people
take apart all kinds of things,
take apart all kinds of things,
6
21908
4108
Kuna jalala la vifaa chakavu hapa ambapo watu hufungua kila aina ya kitu,
00:38
from mobile phones to computers,
7
26040
2330
kuanzia simu za mkononi hadi kompyuta,
00:40
automobiles to even entire airplanes.
8
28394
2757
magari na hata ndege nzima.
00:43
Agbogbloshie's scrapyard is famous
9
31936
2539
jalala la Agbogbloshie ni maarufu
00:46
because it has become a symbol
of the downside of technology:
of the downside of technology:
10
34499
4479
kwa sababu pamekuwa ni ishara ya athari ya teknolojia:
00:51
the problem of planned obsolescence.
11
39002
2629
tatizo litokanalo na mpango wa utupaji wa vifaa vilivyokwisha muda wa matumizi.
00:54
It's seen as a place where devices
from around the world end their life,
from around the world end their life,
12
42203
5139
Inaonekana ni kama sehemu ambayo vifaa kutoka duniani kote hufikia mwisho wa maisha yake,
00:59
where your data comes to die.
13
47366
2801
ambapo taarifa zako zinakwenda kufa.
01:03
These are the images
that the media loves to show,
that the media loves to show,
14
51754
2770
Hizi ni picha ambazo vyombo vya habari hupenda kuonyesha,
01:06
of young men and boys
burning wires and cables
burning wires and cables
15
54548
4822
za vijana wa kiume na wavulana wakiunguza nyaya
01:11
to recover copper and aluminum,
16
59394
2721
ili kuweza kupata shaba na alumini,
01:14
using Styrofoam and old tires as fuel,
17
62139
3399
kwa kutumia Styrofoam na matairi chakavu kama mafuta,
01:17
seriously hurting themselves
and the environment.
and the environment.
18
65562
3066
wakijiumiza sana wao na mazingira.
01:21
It's a super-toxic process,
19
69993
2091
Ni mchakato wenye madhara makubwa mno,
01:24
producing pollutants that enter
the global ecosystem,
the global ecosystem,
20
72108
3877
uchafuzi ambao unaharibu mazingira ya ulimwengu,
01:28
build up in fatty tissue
21
76009
2116
unaojijenga katika tishu za mafuta
01:30
and threaten the top of the food chain.
22
78149
2446
na kutishia ngazi ya juu ya mlolongo wa chakula.
01:33
But this story is incomplete.
23
81950
2587
Lakini hadithi hii haijakamilika.
01:38
There's a lot we can learn
from Agbogbloshie,
from Agbogbloshie,
24
86943
2859
Kuna mengi tunaweza kujifunza kutokea Agbogbloshie,
01:41
where scrap collected
from city- and nationwide is brought.
from city- and nationwide is brought.
25
89826
4529
ambapo vifaa chakavu vinakusanywa kutokea majiji yote kitaifa na kuletwa hapo.
01:46
For so many of us,
26
94727
1722
Kwa wengi wetu,
01:48
our devices are black boxes.
27
96473
2221
vifaa vyetu ni sanduku za taarifa.
01:50
We know what they do,
28
98718
1415
Tunajua zinafanya nini,
01:52
but not how they work or what's inside.
29
100157
2690
lakini hatufahamu zifanyavyo kazi au kuna nini ndani yake.
01:55
In Agbogbloshie, people
make it their business
make it their business
30
103792
2485
Katika mji wa Agbogbloshie, watu hufanya hii ni biashara yao
01:58
to know exactly what's inside.
31
106301
2057
kwa kujua hasa yaliyomo ndani.
02:00
Scrap dealers recover copper,
aluminum, steel, glass, plastic
aluminum, steel, glass, plastic
32
108382
5536
Mawakala wa vifaa chakavu hupata shaba, alumini, chuma cha pua, kioo, plastiki
02:05
and printed circuit boards.
33
113942
1940
na sakiti za kuchapisha.
02:07
It's called "urban mining."
34
115906
1922
Inaitwa "uchimbaji madini wa mjini."
02:09
It's now more efficient for us
to mine materials from our waste.
to mine materials from our waste.
35
117852
5204
Ni rahisi sasa kwetu kupata madini na malighafi kutokana na uchafu wetu.
02:16
There is 10 times more gold,
silver, platinum, palladium
silver, platinum, palladium
36
124310
4520
Kuna dhahabu, fedha, platini, paladi mara kumi zaidi
02:20
in one ton of our electronics
37
128854
2356
katika tani moja ya vifaa vyetu vya kielectroniki
02:23
than in one ton of ore mined
from beneath the surface of the earth.
from beneath the surface of the earth.
38
131234
3958
kuliko katika tani moja ya mtapo wa jiwe la madini lililochimbwa kutoka chini ya ardhi.
02:29
In Agbogbloshie,
39
137600
1571
Mjini Agbogbloshie,
02:31
weight is a form of currency.
40
139195
2080
uzito ni mfumo wa fedha.
02:33
Devices are dissected to recover
materials, parts and components
materials, parts and components
41
141918
5006
Vifaa hufunguliwa ili kupata malighafi na vipande
02:38
with incredible attention to detail,
42
146948
1816
kwa uangalifu mkubwa mno,
02:40
down to the aluminum tips
of electric plugs.
of electric plugs.
43
148788
3128
mpaka chini kwenye ncha za plagi ya umeme zilizotengenezwa kwa aluminum.
02:45
But scrap dealers don't destroy
components that are still functional.
components that are still functional.
44
153759
4125
Lakini wakala wa vifaa chakavu hawaharibu vifaa vidogo ambavyo bado vinafanya kazi.
02:49
They supply them to repair workshops
like this one in Agbogbloshie
like this one in Agbogbloshie
45
157908
4018
Huvipeleka kwenye karakana za matengenezo kama hii hapa mjini Agbogbloshie
02:53
and the tens of thousands
of technicians across the country
of technicians across the country
46
161950
4493
na makumi ya mamia ya mafundi nchini kote
02:58
that refurbish electrical
and electronic equipment,
and electronic equipment,
47
166467
4091
ambao hukarabati vifaa vya umeme na kielectroniki,
03:02
and sell them as used products
to consumers that may not be able to buy
to consumers that may not be able to buy
48
170582
3788
ambao huviuza kama bidhaa zilizotumika kwa wateja ambao hawawezi kununua
03:06
a new television or a new computer.
49
174394
2148
televisheni au kompyuta mpya.
03:10
Make no mistake about it,
there are young hackers in Agbogbloshie --
there are young hackers in Agbogbloshie --
50
178463
3214
Usifanye makosa katika hili, kuna wadukuzi wadogo mjini Agbogbloshie --
03:13
and I mean that in the very best
sense of that word --
sense of that word --
51
181701
2844
Na ninamaanisha kwamba katika uhalisia wa neno hilo --
03:17
that know not only
how to take apart computers
how to take apart computers
52
185315
2696
sio kwamba tu wanajua kufungua kompyuta.
03:20
but how to put them back together,
how to give them new life.
how to give them new life.
53
188035
3251
wanajua kuzifunga tena, na wanajua namna ya kuzipa maisha mapya ziendelee kufanya kazi.
03:23
Agbogbloshie reminds us
that making is a cycle.
that making is a cycle.
54
191817
3779
Agbogbloshie inatukumbusha kwamba kutengeneza ni mzunguko.
03:27
It extends to remaking and unmaking
55
195620
3252
Inaenda hadi katika kutengeneza tena na kufungua
03:30
in order to recover the materials
that enable us to make something anew.
that enable us to make something anew.
56
198896
3933
ili kuweza kuokoa vifaa ambavyo vinatuwezesha kutengeneza kitu kipya.
03:35
We can learn from Agbogbloshie,
57
203472
1928
Tunaweza kujifunza kutoka Agbogbloshie,
03:37
where cobblers remake work boots,
58
205424
3851
ambapo mafundi viatu hukarabati buti za kazi,
03:41
where women collect plastic
from all over the city,
from all over the city,
59
209299
3340
ambapo wakina mama hukusanya plastiki kutokea pande zote za jiji,
03:44
sort it by type,
60
212663
1498
hupanga kwa aina,
03:46
shred it, wash it
61
214185
1949
hukata, kuosha
03:48
and ultimately sell it back
as feedstock to factories
as feedstock to factories
62
216158
3090
na kuuza tena kwa viwanda
03:51
to make new clothing,
63
219272
1368
ili kutengeneza nguo mpya,
03:52
new plastic buckets
64
220664
1767
ndoo mpya za plastiki
03:54
and chairs.
65
222455
1161
na viti.
03:56
Steel is stockpiled separately,
66
224444
2433
Chuma cha pua hupangwa peke yake,
03:58
where the carcasses of cars
and microwaves and washing machines
and microwaves and washing machines
67
226901
3930
ambapo machuma ya magari na majiko ya mionzi na mashine za kufulia
04:02
become iron rods for new construction;
68
230855
2294
hugeuka kuwa nguzo za chuma kwa ujenzi mpya;
04:05
where roofing sheets become cookstoves;
69
233173
2551
ambapo mabati hugeuka kuwa majiko ya kupikia;
04:07
where shafts from cars become chisels
70
235748
3551
ambapo mipini ya magari hugeuka kuwa patasi
04:11
that are used to scrap more objects;
71
239323
3507
ambazo hutumika kuchambua malighafi katika vifaa chakavu;
04:14
where aluminum recovered
from the radiators of fridges
from the radiators of fridges
72
242854
4273
ambapo alumini inayopatikana kutoka kwenye majokofu
04:19
and air conditioners
73
247151
2723
na kiyoyozi
04:21
are melted down
74
249898
1336
huyeyushwa
04:23
and use sand casting to make
ornaments for the building industry,
ornaments for the building industry,
75
251258
4054
na kujazwa katika vitengeneza umbo kwa ajili ya kupata mapambo yatumikayo katika sekta ya ujenzi,
04:27
for pots which are sold just down
the street in the Agbogbloshie market
the street in the Agbogbloshie market
76
255336
3931
au vyungu ambavyo huuzwa kwenye mitaa ya masoko ya Agbogbloshie
04:31
with a full array of locally made
ovens, stoves and smokers,
ovens, stoves and smokers,
77
259291
6336
na wingi wa majiko yaliyotengenezwa kienyeji,
04:37
which are used every day
78
265651
1538
ambayo hutumika kila siku
04:39
to make the majority of palm nut soups,
79
267213
3406
kutengeneza supu ya mbegu za mchikichi,
04:42
of tea and sugar breads,
80
270643
1877
kuchemsha chai na mikate ya sukari,
04:44
of grilled tilapia in the city.
81
272544
1951
kuchoma samaki.
04:47
They're made in roadside workshops
like this one by welders like Mohammed,
like this one by welders like Mohammed,
82
275322
4827
Yanatengenezwa katika karakana zilizopo pembezoni mwa barabara na mafundi kuchomelea kama Mohammed,
04:52
who recover materials
from the waste stream
from the waste stream
83
280173
2519
ambaye hupata malighafi kutoka katika vifaa vilivyotupwa
04:54
and use them to make all kinds of things,
84
282716
2008
na kutumia kutengeneza kila aina ya vitu,
04:56
like dumbbells for working out
out of old car parts.
out of old car parts.
85
284748
2960
mfano vinyanyua uzito kwa ajili ya mazoezi vitokanavyo na vifaa chakavu vya magari.
04:59
But here's what's really cool:
86
287732
1492
Lakini hili ndilo jambo la kufurahisha:
05:01
the welding machines
they use look like this,
they use look like this,
87
289248
2339
mashine za kuchomelea wanazotumia kama hii,
05:03
and they're made
by specially coiling copper
by specially coiling copper
88
291611
4235
zinatengenezwa kwa shaba maalumu zilizoviringishwa
05:07
around electrical steel
recovered from old transformer scrap.
recovered from old transformer scrap.
89
295870
6054
kwenye chuma cha pua kilichotokana na transfoma chakavu.
05:14
There's an entire industry
just next to Agbogbloshie
just next to Agbogbloshie
90
302630
3420
Kuna kiwanda pembeni kidogo ya Agbogbloshie
05:18
making locally fabricated welding machines
that power local fabrication.
that power local fabrication.
91
306074
4579
ambapo wanatengeneza mashine za kuchomelea ambazo hutumika kutengeneza vifaa.
05:23
What's really cool as well is that
there's a transfer of skills and knowledge
there's a transfer of skills and knowledge
92
311549
3809
Uzuri ni kwamba kuna mabadilishano ya utaalamu na maarifa
05:27
across generations,
93
315382
1430
kutoka kizazi kimoja kwenda kinachofuata,
05:28
from masters to apprentices,
94
316836
1974
kutokea kwa mwalimu kwenda kwa mwanafunzi,
05:30
but it's done through active learning,
through heuristic learning,
through heuristic learning,
95
318834
3719
lakini inawezekana kwa kujifunza kwa vitendo,
05:34
learning by doing and by making.
96
322577
1947
kujifunza kwa kufanya na kutengeneza.
05:36
And this stands in sharp contrast
97
324548
2217
Na hii inadhihirisha utofauti uliopo kutokana na
05:38
to the experience
of many students in school,
of many students in school,
98
326789
2409
uzoefu wa wanafunzi wengi mashuleni,
05:41
where lecturers lecture,
99
329222
1609
ambapo walimu hufundisha ubaoni,
05:42
and students write things down
and memorize them.
and memorize them.
100
330855
2705
na wanafunzi huandika vitu na kuvikariri.
05:46
It's boring, but the real problem is
101
334099
2875
Inachosha, lakini tatizo halisi ni
05:48
this somehow preempts their latent
or their inherent entrepreneurial power.
or their inherent entrepreneurial power.
102
336998
6114
kwamba hali hii huondoa uwezo wa nguvu yao ya kijasiriamali.
05:55
They know books but not how to make stuff.
103
343525
2260
Wanajua vitabu na sio namna ya kutengeneza vitu.
05:58
Four years ago, my cofounder
Yasmine Abbas and I asked:
Yasmine Abbas and I asked:
104
346872
4094
Miaka minne iliyopita, mimi na mwanzilishi mwenzangu Yasmine Abbas tuliuliza:
06:02
What would happen if we could couple
105
350990
2359
Kipi kitatokea kama tukiunganisha
06:05
the practical know-how of makers
in the informal sector
in the informal sector
106
353373
3636
utaalamu wa kiufundi walionao waliopo katika sekta isiyo rasmi
06:09
with the technical knowledge
of students and young professionals
of students and young professionals
107
357033
4746
na maarifa ya kiufundi waliyonayo wanafunzi na vijana wataalamu
06:13
in STEAM fields --
108
361803
1393
katika nyanja ya STEM --
06:15
science, technology, engineering,
arts and mathematics --
arts and mathematics --
109
363220
3797
sayansi, teknolojia, uhandisi na hisabati --
06:19
to build a STEAM-powered innovation engine
110
367041
3365
kutengeneza mfumo wa ukuzaji ubunifu unaoendeshwa na nyanja hizi
06:22
to drive what we call
"Sankofa Innovation," which I'll explain.
"Sankofa Innovation," which I'll explain.
111
370430
4057
ili kuendesha kitu kiitwacho "Ugunduzi wa Sankofa," nitaelezea.
06:27
We took forays into the scrapyard
112
375656
3757
Tulivamia majalala vya vifaa chakavu
06:31
to look for what could be repurposed,
113
379437
2844
kuangalia kipi tunaweza kukipa umaana wake tena,
06:34
like DVD writers that could
become laser etchers,
become laser etchers,
114
382305
2921
kama viandishi vya DVD vinavyoweza tumika kuchapa maneno kwenye metali
06:37
or the power supplies of old servers
115
385250
3662
au kifaa cha kusambaza nguvu ya umeme katika seva
06:40
for a start-up in Kumasi
making 3D printers out of e-waste.
making 3D printers out of e-waste.
116
388936
3955
kwa ajili ya kampuni iliyoanzishwa Kumasi ambayo inatengeneza vichapishi vya 3D kutokana na taka za kielectroniki.
06:45
The key was to bring together
young people from different backgrounds
young people from different backgrounds
117
393453
3734
Maana yetu ilikuwa ni kuleta pamoja vijana wadogo kutoka katika hali mbalimbali
06:49
that ordinarily never have
anything to do with each other,
anything to do with each other,
118
397211
3507
ambapo kwa kawaida hawana chochote kinachoweza kuwaunganisha pamoja,
06:52
to have a conversation
about how they could collaborate
about how they could collaborate
119
400742
3720
kufanya maongezi ya namna ambavyo wanaweza kushirikiana
06:56
and to test and develop
new machines and tools
new machines and tools
120
404486
4109
kujaribu na kuunda machine na vifaa vipya
07:00
that could allow them to shred
and strip copper instead of burning it,
and strip copper instead of burning it,
121
408619
3911
ambapo itawasaidia kukata na kuchuna shaba badala ya kuchoma moto,
07:04
to mold plastic bricks and tiles,
122
412554
3154
kuunda matofali na marumaru,
07:07
to build new computers out of components
recovered from dead electronics,
recovered from dead electronics,
123
415732
5554
kutengeneza kompyuta mpya kutokana na vifaa vinavyotokana na mashine za kielectroniki zisizofanya kazi,
07:13
to build a drone.
124
421310
1848
kuunda ndege ndogo zinazoendeshwa kwa rimoti.
07:16
And here you can see it flying
for the first time in Agbogbloshie.
for the first time in Agbogbloshie.
125
424142
4628
Na hapa unaweza kuiona ikipaa kwa mara ya kwanza katika Agbogbloshie.
07:22
(Applause)
126
430460
3974
(Makofi)
07:27
Yasmine and I have collaborated
with over 1,500 young people,
with over 1,500 young people,
127
435129
4177
Mimi na Yasmine tumeshirikiana na zaidi ya vijana wadogo 1500,
07:31
750 from STEAM fields,
128
439330
3351
750 wakitokea katika nyanja ya STEM,
07:34
and over 750 grassroots makers
and scrap dealers
and scrap dealers
129
442705
4553
na zaidi ya 750 ambao ni mawakala wa vifaa chakavu
07:39
from Agbogbloshie and beyond.
130
447282
2045
kutokea Agbogbloshie na sehemu nyinginezo.
07:41
They've joined hands together
to develop a platform
to develop a platform
131
449351
4507
Wameungana pamoja kutengeneza jukwaa
07:46
which they call Spacecraft,
132
454665
2956
linalofahamika kama Spacecraft,
07:49
a hybrid physical and digital
space for crafting,
space for crafting,
133
457645
3617
sehemu ambayo ni mchanganyiko wa eneo halisi na eneo la kidijitali kwa ajili ya uundaji,
07:53
more of a process than a product,
134
461286
2941
zaidi kuhusu mchakato kuliko bidhaa,
07:56
an open architecture for making,
135
464251
3884
ujenzi huru wa utengenezaji,
08:00
which involves three parts:
136
468159
1681
ambao unahusisha namna tatu:
08:01
a makerspace kiosk,
which is prefab and modular;
which is prefab and modular;
137
469864
3004
kibanda cha mtengenezaji, ambapo ni utengenezaji na uundaji;
08:04
tool kits which can be customized
based on what makers want to make;
based on what makers want to make;
138
472892
4202
vifaa ambavyo vinaweza rekebishwa kulingana na kile anachotaka kuunda mtengenezaji;
08:09
and a trading app.
139
477118
1532
na programu ya uchuuzi.
08:10
We built the app specifically
with the needs of the scrap dealers
with the needs of the scrap dealers
140
478674
3692
Tumetengeneza programu hii mahususi kwa mahitaji ya mawakala wa vifaa chakavu
08:14
in mind first,
141
482390
1421
tukiwaweka akilini kwanza,
08:15
because we realized that it was not enough
to arm them with information
to arm them with information
142
483835
4474
kwa sababu tulitambua kwamba haikutosha kuwapa taarifa
08:20
and upgraded technology
143
488333
1614
na teknolojia ya kisasa
08:21
if we wanted them to green
their recycling processes;
their recycling processes;
144
489971
3220
kama tulitaka wafanye mchakato wa kurudisha malighafi uwe salama kwa mazingira;
08:25
they needed incentives.
145
493215
1912
walihitaji motisha.
08:27
Scrap dealers are always looking
for new scrap and new buyers
for new scrap and new buyers
146
495151
3643
Wakala wa vifaa chakavu muda wote wanatafuta vifaa chakavu na wanunuzi wapya
08:30
and what interests them
is finding buyers who will pay more
is finding buyers who will pay more
147
498818
4181
na wanachofurahia ni kupata mnunuzi ambaye atalipa zaidi
08:35
for clean copper than for burnt.
148
503023
2365
kwa shaba safi kuliko iliyochomwa moto.
08:38
We realized that in the entire ecosystem,
149
506213
2750
Tuligundua kwamba katika mzunguko mzima,
08:40
everyone was searching for something.
150
508987
2469
kila mtu alikuwa akitafuta kitu fulani.
08:43
Makers are searching for materials,
parts, components, tools, blueprints
parts, components, tools, blueprints
151
511480
6044
Watengenezaji wanatafuta malighafi
08:49
to make what it is they want to make.
152
517548
2065
za kutengeneza vifaa wanavyotaka kutengeneza.
08:51
They're also finding a way
to let customers and clientele
to let customers and clientele
153
519962
3635
Pia wanatafuta namna ya kuwataarifu wateja
08:55
find out that they can repair a blender
154
523621
2191
kutambua kwamba wanaweza kurekebisha mashine ya kusaga matunda na mboga
08:57
or fix an iron
155
525836
1470
au kurekebisha pasi mbovu
08:59
or, as we learned yesterday,
to make a french fry machine.
to make a french fry machine.
156
527330
3253
au, kama tulivyojifunza jana, kutengeneza mashine ya kukaanga chipsi.
09:03
On the flip side, you find
that there are end users
that there are end users
157
531496
3286
Katika upande mwingine, utagundua kwamba kuna watumiaji wa mwisho
09:06
that are desperately looking for someone
that can make them a french fry machine,
that can make them a french fry machine,
158
534806
3918
ambao kwa hali na mali wanatafuta mtu ambaye atawatengenezea mashine za kukaanga chipsi,
09:10
and you have scrap dealers who are
looking how they can collect this scrap,
looking how they can collect this scrap,
159
538748
3713
na una wakala wa vifaa chakavu ambao wanatafuta namna wa kukusanya vifaa chakavu,
09:14
process it, and turn it back
into an input for new making.
into an input for new making.
160
542485
3952
kuvichakata, na kurudisha katika hali yake ya upya.
09:18
We tried to untangle
that knot of not knowing
that knot of not knowing
161
546461
3042
Tulijaribu kufungua fundo la kukosa ufahamu
09:21
to allow people to find what they need
to make what they want to make.
to make what they want to make.
162
549527
3431
kuwafanya watu kutafuta wanachohitaji ili kutengeneza wanachotaka tengeneza.
09:24
We prototyped the makerspace
kiosk in Agbogbloshie,
kiosk in Agbogbloshie,
163
552982
3662
Tulitengeneza kibanda cha uundaji cha mfano katika Agbogbloshie,
09:28
conceived as the opposite of a school:
164
556668
2798
ikionyesha utofauti wa shule:
09:31
a portal into experiential
and experimental making
and experimental making
165
559490
3834
sehemu ambayo ni ya kutengeneza kwa kufanya majaribio
09:35
that connects local and global
166
563348
2077
ambayo inaunganisha kwetu na ulimwengu
09:37
and connects making
with remaking and unmaking.
with remaking and unmaking.
167
565449
3483
na inaunganisha kutengeneza, pamoja na kukarabati na kufungua vifaa.
09:41
We made a rule that everything
had to be made from scratch
had to be made from scratch
168
569831
3304
Tulitengeneza sharti ambalo linasema kila kitu kinatakiwa kutengenezwa kuanzia mwanzoni
09:45
using only materials made in Ghana
169
573159
2407
kwa kutumia malighafi zilizotengenezwa Ghana
09:47
or sourced from the scrapyard.
170
575590
1864
au zilizopatikana kwenye jalala la vyuma chakavu.
09:50
The structures essentially are
simple trusses which bolt together.
simple trusses which bolt together.
171
578136
4614
Muundo unatokana na mihimili ambayo inaungwa pamoja na bolti.
09:54
It takes about two hours to assemble
one module with semi-skilled labor,
one module with semi-skilled labor,
172
582774
4803
Huchukua takribani masaa mawili kukusanya jengo moja kwa mjengaji mwenye utaalamu wa kati,
09:59
and by developing tooling
and jigs and rigs,
and jigs and rigs,
173
587601
3114
na kwa kutengeneza vifaa,
10:02
we were able to actually
build these standardized parts
build these standardized parts
174
590739
3543
tunaweza kutengeneza hivi vipande vya kuunda jengo
10:06
within this ecosystem of artisanal welders
175
594306
3344
ndani ya mzunguko wa ufundi wa fani ya uchomeleaji vyuma
10:09
with the precision of one millimeter --
176
597674
1925
katika usahihi wa milimita moja --
10:12
of course, using made-in-Agbogbloshie
welding machines,
welding machines,
177
600637
3035
Kwa uhakika, tukitumia mashine za kuchomelea zilizotengenezwa Agbogbloshie,
10:15
as well as for the tools,
178
603696
1443
na vile vile kwa vifaa,
10:17
which can lock, the toolboxes,
and stack to make workbenches,
and stack to make workbenches,
179
605163
3615
ambavyo vinaweza kufungwa, na kutengeneza mahala pa kufanyia kazi,
10:20
and again, customized
based on what you want to make.
based on what you want to make.
180
608802
2628
na tena, kufunga kwa kulingana na unachotaka kutengeneza.
10:23
We've tested the app in Agbogbloshie
181
611827
3052
Tumeijaribu programu ndani ya Agbogbloshie
10:26
and are getting ready to open it up
to other maker ecosystems.
to other maker ecosystems.
182
614903
3496
na tupo tayari kuizindua kwa mizunguko ya watengenezaji sehemu nyingine.
10:30
In six months, we'll have finished
three years of testing
three years of testing
183
618826
3689
Ndani ya miezi sita, tutakuwa tumemaliza miaka mitatu ya kujaribu
10:34
the makerspace kiosk,
184
622539
1662
kibanda chetu cha uundaji,
10:36
which I have to admit, we've subjected
to some pretty horrific abuse.
to some pretty horrific abuse.
185
624225
4097
ambapo inabidi nikubali, tumefanya uharibifu wa kutisha sana.
10:40
But it's for a good cause,
186
628346
1929
Lakini kwa maana iliyo nzuri,
10:42
because based on
the results of that testing,
the results of that testing,
187
630299
2245
kwa sababu kutokana na matokeo ya majaribio yetu,
10:44
we've been able to redesign
an upgraded version of this makerspace.
an upgraded version of this makerspace.
188
632568
5315
tumeweza kufanya maboresho ya kibanda cha uundaji.
10:49
If a fab lab is large, expensive,
and fixed in place,
and fixed in place,
189
637907
5619
Kama maabara ya uundaji ni kubwa, iliyo ghali, na ipo mahala isipohamishika,
10:55
think of this as the counterpoint:
190
643550
2024
waza hili kama ulinganishi:
10:58
something low-cost,
191
646273
1818
kile kilicho cha gharama ya chini,
11:00
which can be locally manufactured,
192
648828
3163
ambacho kinaweza tengenezwa kienyeji,
11:04
which can be expanded
and kitted out incrementally
and kitted out incrementally
193
652015
3595
ambacho kinaweza kuongezwa vifaa na nafasi
11:07
as makers acquire resources.
194
655634
2295
pale mtengenezaji anapopata vifaa vipya.
11:09
You can think of it as a toolshed,
195
657953
2850
Unaweza kuwaza ni kama vile kijisehemu cha vifaa,
11:12
where makers can come and check out tools
196
660827
3125
ambapo watengenezaji wanaweza kuja na kuchukua vifaa
11:15
and take them via handcart
197
663976
2362
na kuweka katika toroli la kusukuma na mkono
11:18
to wherever they want in the city
to make what it is they want to make.
to make what it is they want to make.
198
666362
3359
popote pale watakapo ndani ya jiji kutengeneza kile wanachotaka kutengeneza.
11:21
And moving into the next phase,
we're planning to also add
we're planning to also add
199
669745
2947
Na kuelekea katika hatua nyingine, pia tunapanga kuongeza
11:24
ceiling-mounted CNC bots,
200
672716
2864
roboti waliofungwa kwenye dari,
11:27
which allow makers to cocreate
together with robots.
together with robots.
201
675604
3777
ambapo itasaidia watengenezaji kutengeneza pamoja na roboti.
11:31
Ultimately, this is a kit of parts
202
679405
2258
Kwa uhakika, hii ni zana ya vifaa
11:33
which can be assembled locally
within the informal sector
within the informal sector
203
681687
3369
ambayo inaweza kusanywa kawaida katika sekta isiyo rasmi
11:37
using standardized parts
204
685080
1831
kwa kutumia vifaa vya wastani
11:38
which can be upgraded collectively
through an open-source process.
through an open-source process.
205
686935
3706
ambavyo vinaweza boreshwa kwa pamoja kupitia mchakato huru na wazi.
11:46
In totality, this entire
makerspace system
makerspace system
206
694800
2367
Kwa ujumla, huu mfumo mzima wa sehemu ya uundaji
11:49
tries to do five things:
207
697191
1714
unajaribu kufanya vitu vitano:
11:50
to enable emerging makers
to gather the resources they need
to gather the resources they need
208
698929
5200
kuwasaidia watengenezaji wanaochipukia kukusanya rasilimali wanazohitaji
11:56
and the tools to make
what they want to make;
what they want to make;
209
704153
2164
na vifaa vya kutengeneza wanachotaka kuunda;
11:58
to learn by doing and from others;
210
706341
2858
kujifunza kwa kufanya na kwa wengine pia;
12:01
to produce more and better products;
211
709223
2971
kutengeneza bidhaa nyingi na zilizo bora;
12:04
to be able to trade
to generate steady income;
to generate steady income;
212
712218
2724
kuweza kufanya biashara na kutengeneza kipato imara;
12:06
and ultimately, to amplify
not only their reputation as a maker,
not only their reputation as a maker,
213
714966
3837
na mwishoni, kuongeza nguvu si tu katika sifa yao kama watengenezaji,
12:10
but their maker potential.
214
718827
1550
lakini pia uwezo wao wa utengenezaji.
12:13
Sankofa is one of the most powerful
Adinkra symbols of the Akan peoples
Adinkra symbols of the Akan peoples
215
721266
4528
Sankofa ni moja ya ishara za Adinkra zenye nguvu za watu wa Akan
12:17
in Ghana and Cote d'Ivoire,
216
725818
1348
nchini Ghana and Cote d'Ivoire,
12:19
and it can be represented as a bird
reaching onto its back to collect an egg,
reaching onto its back to collect an egg,
217
727190
5312
na inaweza kumaanisha ndege anayegeuka nyuma ili kukusanya yai,
12:24
a symbol of power.
218
732526
1218
ishara ya nguvu.
12:27
It translates literally from the Twi
as "return and get it,"
as "return and get it,"
219
735331
3138
Inamaanisha kwamba "rudi nyuma na pata" kutokea kwa Twi
12:30
and what this means is that if
an individual or a community or a society
an individual or a community or a society
220
738493
4733
na hii ina maana kwamba kama mtu au jamii
12:35
wants to have a successful future,
they have to draw on the past.
they have to draw on the past.
221
743250
4756
anataka kuwa na mafanikio siku za mbeleni, anatakiwa vuta kwa yale yaliyopita.
12:40
To acquire and master
existing ways of doing,
existing ways of doing,
222
748030
3542
Kujipatia na kuzoea namna iliyopo ya ufanyaji vitu,
12:43
access the knowledge of their ancestors.
223
751596
2318
kutumia maarifa ya mhenga.
12:45
And this is very relevant
224
753938
1215
Na hii ni halisi
12:47
if we want to think about an inclusive
future for Africa today.
future for Africa today.
225
755177
4386
kama leo tunataka kuwaza kuhusu Afrika ya kesho.
12:51
We have to start from the ground up,
226
759587
2403
Tunatakiwa kuanzia chini kuelekea juu,
12:54
mining what already works
for methods and for models,
for methods and for models,
227
762014
4003
kuchimbua kile ambacho tayari kinafanya kazi kwa namna na mifano,
12:58
and to think about how might we
be able to connect,
be able to connect,
228
766041
4132
na kuwaza ni namna gani tunaweza kuunganisha,
13:02
in a kind of "both-and,"
not "either-or" paradigm,
not "either-or" paradigm,
229
770197
4112
katika namna ya "vyote-pamoja" na sio "hiki-au kile",
13:06
the innovation capacity
of this growing network
of this growing network
230
774333
3586
uwezo wa uvumbuzi wa mtandao huu unaokua
13:09
of tech hubs and incubators
across the continent
across the continent
231
777943
3245
wa vitovu vya teknolojia na sehemu za kutoa mafunzo barani
13:13
and to rethink beyond national boundaries
and political boundaries,
and political boundaries,
232
781212
4591
na kuwaza tena zaidi ya mipaka ya kitaifa na kisiasa,
13:17
to think about how we can network
innovation in Africa
innovation in Africa
233
785827
4290
kuwaza kuhusu namna gani tunaweza kutengeneza mtandao wa uvumbuzi barani Afrika
13:22
with the spirit of Sankofa
234
790141
2519
katika moyo wa Sankofa
13:24
and the existing capacity
of makers at the grassroots.
of makers at the grassroots.
235
792684
4444
na uwezo uliopo wa watengenezaji waliopo katika ngazi ya chini.
13:30
If, in the future, someone tells you
236
798033
1788
Kama, siku za mbeleni, mtu atakuambia
13:31
Agbogbloshie is the largest
e-waste dump in the world,
e-waste dump in the world,
237
799845
3540
Agbogbloshie ni jalala kubwa duniani la vifaa vibovu vya kielectroniki,
13:35
I hope you can correct them
238
803409
2232
Nina imani unaweza kumrekebisha
13:37
and explain to them that a dump
is a place where you throw things away
is a place where you throw things away
239
805665
4544
na kumueleza kwamba jalala ni sehemu ambayo unatupa vitu
13:42
and leave them forever;
240
810233
1368
na kuviacha milele;
13:43
a scrapyard is where
you take things apart.
you take things apart.
241
811625
2211
yadi ya vifaa chakavu ni sehemu unayovifungua vifaa hivi.
13:45
Waste is something
that no longer has any value,
that no longer has any value,
242
813860
3217
Uchafu ni kitu ambacho hakina thamani tena,
13:49
whereas scrap is something
that you recover
that you recover
243
817101
2634
ambapo kifaa chakavu ni kitu ambacho kinakupa malighafi
13:51
specifically to use it
to remake something new.
to remake something new.
244
819759
3780
mahususi kwa kutumia kutengeneza kifaa kingine kipya.
13:57
Making is a cycle,
245
825523
1407
Utengenezaji ni mzunguko,
13:59
and African makerspaces
are already pioneering and leading
are already pioneering and leading
246
827676
5043
na sehemu za uundaji vifaa zilizopo Afrika tayari zinaongoza
14:05
circular economy at the grassroots.
247
833969
2638
katika uchumi mzunguko katika ngazi ya chini.
14:09
Let's make more and better together.
248
837128
2245
Tutengeneza zaidi na kilicho bora pamoja.
14:11
Thank you.
249
839397
1167
Asante.
14:12
(Applause)
250
840588
3449
(Makofi)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
DK Osseo-Asare - DesignerDK Osseo-Asare creates architecture with and for the people that design overlooks.
Why you should listen
Africa today has the youngest population and fastest rate of urbanization on the planet. How can we amplify indigenous innovation continent-wide to accommodate the needs of Africa’s next billion urban dwellers? Collaborating with thousands of young people in West Africa over the past decade, DK Osseo-Asare has pioneered new approaches to design and deliver architecture and inclusive innovation to people living in resource-constrained environments: reframing the micro-architectures of "kiosk culture" as urban infrastructure for resilience; experimenting with "bambots," or bamboo architecture robots; and prototyping off-grid in the Niger Delta an open-source model of hybrid rural/urban development for Africa.
In 2012, Osseo-Asare and Yasmine Abbas launched the Agbogbloshie Makerspace Platform (AMP), a community-based project to empower grassroots makers in Africa and beyond. Co-designed with over a thousand youth in and around Agbogbloshie scrapyard in Accra, Ghana -- infamously mischaracterized as "the world's largest e-waste dump" -- AMP Spacecraft is an open architecture for "crafting space" that links a mobile structure with modular toolsets to help makers make more and better, together. AMP has deployed three spacecraft to date, with the goal of networking a pan-African fleet of maker kiosks that enable youth to reimagine (e-)waste as raw material for building digital futures, recycle better and unlock their creative potential to remake the world.
Osseo-Asare is co-founding principal of Low Design Office (LOWDO), a trans-Atlantic architecture and integrated design studio based in Ghana and Texas. He co-founded the Ashesi Design Lab as Chief Maker and is Assistant Professor of Architecture and Engineering Design at Penn State University, where he runs the Humanitarian Materials Lab (HuMatLab) and serves as Associate Director of Penn State’s Alliance for Education, Science, Engineering and Design with Africa (AESEDA).
DK Osseo-Asare | Speaker | TED.com