TED2015
Chris Milk: How virtual reality can create the ultimate empathy machine
Chris Milk: 虚拟现实是如何创造终极的共鸣机器
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Chris Milk使用最先进的科技来创造惊人的电影。但是对于Milk而言，人类的故事是他所做的一切的动力。在他简短有趣的演讲中，他会展现与Kanye West和Aracde Fire关于他最新的，惊人的虚拟现实实验的合作。
Chris Milk - Immersive storyteller
Working at the frontiers of interactive technology, Chris Milk stretches virtual reality into a new canvas for storytelling. Full bio
Working at the frontiers of interactive technology, Chris Milk stretches virtual reality into a new canvas for storytelling. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Virtual reality started for me
in sort of an unusual place.
in sort of an unusual place.
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我第一次接触虚拟现实
是在一个不大寻常的情况下。
是在一个不大寻常的情况下。
00:18
It was the 1970s.
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那是十九世纪七十年代，
00:21
I got into the field very young:
I was seven years old.
I was seven years old.
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我在很小的时候就接触了这个领域：
那时候才七岁。
那时候才七岁。
00:24
And the tool that I used
to access virtual reality
to access virtual reality
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我用于进入虚拟现实的工具
00:29
was the Evel Knievel stunt cycle.
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是Evel Knievel特技摩托车模型。
00:32
This is a commercial for
that particular item:
that particular item:
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在当时它的广告是这样的：
00:35
(Video) Voice-over: What a jump!
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（录像）旁白：跳的好！
00:36
Evel's riding the amazing stunt cycle.
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Evel正在表演惊人的摩托车特技。
00:38
That gyro-power sends him
over 100 feet at top speed.
over 100 feet at top speed.
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陀螺仪的能量将他
以最高速送上了100英尺的高度！
以最高速送上了100英尺的高度！
00:41
Chris Milk: So this was my joy back then.
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Chris Milk：
这就是我那时候快乐的源泉。
这就是我那时候快乐的源泉。
00:43
I rode this motorcycle everywhere.
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我“骑”着它到处跑。
00:46
And I was there with Evel Knievel; we
jumped the Snake River Canyon together.
jumped the Snake River Canyon together.
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我和Evel Knievel一起跳过了蛇河峡谷。
00:50
I wanted the rocket.
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我想要那个火箭。
00:52
I never got the rocket,
I only got the motorcycle.
I only got the motorcycle.
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我从来没有得到过那个火箭，
只有这个摩托车。
只有这个摩托车。
00:57
I felt so connected to this world.
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我感到我和这个世界紧紧相连在一起。
01:00
I didn't want to be a storyteller
when I grew up, I wanted to be stuntman.
when I grew up, I wanted to be stuntman.
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我不想长大后成为一个讲故事的人，
我想成为一个特技表演家。
我想成为一个特技表演家。
01:04
I was there. Evel Knievel was my friend.
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我就在那里，
而Evel Knievel是我的朋友。
而Evel Knievel是我的朋友。
01:07
I had so much empathy for him.
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我和他心有灵犀。
01:10
But it didn't work out. (Laughter)
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但是事实并没有朝
我期待的方向发展。（笑）
我期待的方向发展。（笑）
我去了一个艺术学校。
01:13
I went to art school.
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01:15
I started making music videos.
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我开始制作音乐视频。
01:17
And this is one of the early
music videos that I made:
music videos that I made:
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这是我最早期制作的音乐视频之一：
01:20
(Music: "Touch the Sky" by Kanye West)
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（音乐：Touch the Sky -- Kanye West)
01:26
CM: You may notice
some slight similarities here.
some slight similarities here.
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你们也许注意到了一些相似之处。
01:30
(Laughter)
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（笑）
01:31
And I got that rocket.
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而且我得到了那个火箭。
01:34
(Laughter)
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（笑）
01:37
So, now I'm a filmmaker,
or, the beginning of a filmmaker,
or, the beginning of a filmmaker,
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所以，现在我是一个制片人，
或者说，新手制片人，
或者说，新手制片人，
01:41
and I started using the tools that are
available to me as a filmmaker
available to me as a filmmaker
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我开始使用一些用于制作电影的工具，
01:45
to try to tell the most compelling stories
that I can to an audience.
that I can to an audience.
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向观众展示那些最引人入胜的故事。
01:49
And film is this incredible medium
that allows us to feel empathy
that allows us to feel empathy
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电影是一种不可思议的媒介，
能让我们
能让我们
01:52
for people that are very different than us
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和非常不同的人，
01:55
and worlds completely
foreign from our own.
foreign from our own.
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不同的世界产生共鸣。
01:57
Unfortunately,
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不幸的是，
01:58
Evel Knievel did not feel the same
empathy for us that we felt for him,
empathy for us that we felt for him,
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Evel Knievel没有对我们产生
像我们对他那样的共鸣，
像我们对他那样的共鸣，
02:03
and he sued us for this video --
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他起诉了我们这个视频，
02:06
(Laughter) --
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（笑）
02:08
shortly thereafter.
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就在不久以后。
02:10
On the upside, the man
that I worshipped as a child,
that I worshipped as a child,
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不过往好的方面想，
这个我从小崇拜的男人，
这个我从小崇拜的男人，
02:14
the man that I wanted
to become as an adult,
to become as an adult,
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这个我曾今想长大后变成他的男人，
02:18
I was finally able to get his autograph.
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我终于拿到了他的签名。
02:22
(Applause)
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（掌声）
02:29
Let's talk about film now.
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现在来谈谈电影吧。
02:34
Film, it's an incredible medium,
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电影，是个不可思议的媒介，
02:37
but essentially, it's the same
now as it was then.
now as it was then.
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但是基本上从过去到现在
它并没有改变很多。
它并没有改变很多。
02:41
It's a group of rectangles that are
played in a sequence.
played in a sequence.
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它只是一组按顺序播放的长方形。
02:44
And we've done incredible things
with those rectangles.
with those rectangles.
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但是我们用这些长方形
做出过非同凡响的事情。
做出过非同凡响的事情。
02:48
But I started thinking about,
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但是我开始思考，
02:51
is there a way that I can use modern
and developing technologies
and developing technologies
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我可不可以用现代不断发展的科技，
02:55
to tell stories in different ways
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通过不同的方法讲故事，
02:57
and tell different kinds of stories
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讲述不同的故事，
而这些用我们已经使用了100年的
传统的电影制作工具
传统的电影制作工具
02:59
that maybe I couldn't tell using
the traditional tools of filmmaking
the traditional tools of filmmaking
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03:03
that we've been using for 100 years?
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却无法实现？
03:05
So I started experimenting,
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所以我开始进行试验，
03:08
and what I was trying to do was
to build the ultimate empathy machine.
to build the ultimate empathy machine.
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我想造出一个能最终实现共鸣的机器。
03:15
And here's one of the early experiments:
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这是我最初的试验之一：
03:17
(Music)
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（音乐）
03:20
So this is called
"The Wilderness Downtown."
"The Wilderness Downtown."
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这个叫做The Wilderness Downtown。
03:22
It was a collaboration with Arcade Fire.
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是跟Arcade Fire合作的项目。
03:24
It asked you to put in the address
where you grew up at the beginning of it.
where you grew up at the beginning of it.
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它一开始让你输入你长大的地方。
03:28
It's a website.
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它是一个网站。
03:29
And out of it starts growing these little
boxes with different browser windows.
boxes with different browser windows.
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开始后你会在不同的浏览器中
看到这些小盒子。
看到这些小盒子。
03:34
And you see this teenager
running down a street,
running down a street,
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你会看到这个少年在街上跑，
03:36
and then you see Google Street View
and Google Maps imagery
and Google Maps imagery
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然后看到谷歌街景和谷歌地图，
03:39
and you realize the street
he's running down is yours.
he's running down is yours.
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你会意识到他沿途经过的街道，
正是你成长的地方。
正是你成长的地方。
03:41
And when he stops in front of a house,
he stops in front of your house.
he stops in front of your house.
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当他停下来的时候，
是在你的房子前。
是在你的房子前。
03:47
And this was great, and I saw people
having an even deeper emotional reaction
having an even deeper emotional reaction
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这很棒，我看到人们表现出
更剧烈的情感波动，
更剧烈的情感波动，
03:51
to this than the things that
I had made in rectangles.
I had made in rectangles.
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相较于我在长方形框框里
创造出来的东西。
创造出来的东西。
03:54
And I'm essentially taking
a piece of your history
a piece of your history
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我基本上是拿出来你的一段过去，
03:58
and putting it inside
the framing of the story.
the framing of the story.
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把它放入一个故事当中。
04:01
But then I started thinking,
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然后我开始思考，
04:03
okay, well that's a part of you,
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好吧，这是你的一部分，
04:05
but how do I put all of you
inside of the frame?
inside of the frame?
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但是我怎样才能把你的一切
都这样呈现出来呢？
都这样呈现出来呢？
04:10
So to do that, I started
making art installations.
making art installations.
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于是，我开始制作装置艺术。
04:13
And this is one called
"The Treachery of Sanctuary."
"The Treachery of Sanctuary."
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这个叫做“对神圣的背叛”。
04:16
It's a triptych. I'm going to show
you the third panel.
you the third panel.
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它是个三联场景。
我要展示一下第三部分。
我要展示一下第三部分。
04:19
(Music)
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（音乐）
04:43
So now I've got you inside of the frame,
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所以我把你带入了这个画框，
04:46
and I saw people having even more
visceral emotional reactions
visceral emotional reactions
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与之前的作品相比，
我看到人们的情感
我看到人们的情感
04:51
to this work than the previous one.
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受到了更多的触动。
但然后我开始思考，
画框到底意味着什么？
画框到底意味着什么？
04:54
But then I started thinking about frames,
and what do they represent?
and what do they represent?
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04:58
And a frame is just a window.
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画框只是一个窗户。
05:00
I mean, all the media that we watch --
television, cinema --
television, cinema --
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我的意思是，我们观看的所有媒介——
电视，电影院——
电视，电影院——
05:03
they're these windows into
these other worlds.
these other worlds.
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它们都是通往另一个世界的窗户。
05:05
And I thought, well, great.
I got you in a frame.
I got you in a frame.
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我想，好，我让你进入一个框。
05:08
But I don't want you in the frame,
I don't want you in the window,
I don't want you in the window,
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但是我不想让你在这个框里面，
在窗户里面，
在窗户里面，
我想要你穿过这个窗户到另一边去，
05:11
I want you through the window,
I want you on the other side,
I want you on the other side,
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05:14
in the world, inhabiting the world.
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到另一个世界，住到那个世界里去。
05:18
So that leads me back to virtual reality.
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于是这把我带回到了虚拟现实上。
05:21
Let's talk about virtual reality.
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下面我们说一下虚拟现实。
05:24
Unfortunately,
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不幸的是，
05:25
talking about virtual reality
is like dancing about architecture.
is like dancing about architecture.
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谈论虚拟现实就像对着某个体系跳舞。
05:30
And this is actually someone dancing
about architecture in virtual reality.
about architecture in virtual reality.
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而这个人就是在对着虚拟现实里的
构建体系跳舞。
构建体系跳舞。
05:37
(Laughter)
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（笑）
05:39
So, it's difficult to explain.
Why is it difficult to explain?
Why is it difficult to explain?
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这个很难解释。
为什么这么说呢？
为什么这么说呢？
05:43
It's difficult because it's a very
experiential medium.
experiential medium.
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它很难是因为这个只是
一个经验上的媒介。
一个经验上的媒介。
05:46
You feel your way inside of it.
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你在里面感受到你自己。
05:48
It's a machine, but inside of it,
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它是个机器，但是在它里面，
05:50
it feels like real life,
it feels like truth.
it feels like truth.
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你感觉像在真实的世界中。
05:53
And you feel present in the world
that you're inside
that you're inside
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你感到你存在于这个世界中，
05:56
and you feel present with the people
that you're inside of it with.
that you're inside of it with.
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而且你能感受到其他人的存在。
05:59
So, I'm going to show you a demo
of a virtual reality film:
of a virtual reality film:
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所以，我要给你们展示一个
虚拟现实电影的片段：
虚拟现实电影的片段：
06:03
a full-screen version of
all the information
all the information
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它是我们在摄录虚拟现实的时候
06:06
that we capture when
we shoot virtual reality.
we shoot virtual reality.
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获得的全部信息的全屏版本。
06:08
So we're shooting in every direction.
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所以我们在每个角度都会摄像。
我们打造的这个摄像系统
06:10
This is a camera system that we built
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06:12
that has 3D cameras that look
in every direction
in every direction
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能够进行立体拍摄，
实现各个方向的效果，
实现各个方向的效果，
06:15
and binaural microphones
that face in every direction.
that face in every direction.
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还配备了多方位的麦克风装置。
06:17
We take this and we build, basically,
a sphere of a world that you inhabit.
a sphere of a world that you inhabit.
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我们基本上是打造了你居住的
一个球形的世界。
一个球形的世界。
06:23
So what I'm going to show you
is not a view into the world,
is not a view into the world,
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那么我要给你们展示的并
不是这个世界的一个视角，
不是这个世界的一个视角，
06:26
it's basically the whole world
stretched into a rectangle.
stretched into a rectangle.
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而是整个被拉成长方形的世界。
06:30
So this film is called
"Clouds Over Sidra,"
"Clouds Over Sidra,"
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这个电影叫做"乌云下的西德拉“，
06:33
and it was made in conjunction with
our virtual reality company called VRSE
our virtual reality company called VRSE
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由我们的虚拟现实公司VRSE，
06:37
and the United Nations,
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和联合国，
06:39
and a co-collaborator named Gabo Arora.
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以及一个合作者，
Gabo Arora联合制作。
Gabo Arora联合制作。
06:42
And we went to a Syrian refugee camp
in Jordan in December
in Jordan in December
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我们在12月份去了位于
约旦的一个叙利亚难民营，
约旦的一个叙利亚难民营，
06:46
and shot the story of a 12-year-old
girl there named Sidra.
girl there named Sidra.
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拍摄了这个叫做西德拉的
12岁女孩的故事。
12岁女孩的故事。
06:50
And she and her family fled Syria
through the desert into Jordan
through the desert into Jordan
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她和她的家人从叙利亚逃离，
穿过沙漠到达了约旦，
穿过沙漠到达了约旦，
06:54
and she's been living in this
camp for the last year and a half.
camp for the last year and a half.
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她已经在难民营住了一年半了。
07:00
(Video) Sidra: My name is Sidra.
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（录像）西德拉：我的名字是西德拉。
07:02
I am 12 years old.
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我12岁。
07:04
I am in the fifth grade.
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我上五年级。
07:06
I am from Syria,
in the Daraa Province, Inkhil City.
in the Daraa Province, Inkhil City.
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我来自叙利亚，德拉省的Inkhil市。
07:11
I have lived here in the Zaatari camp
in Jordan for the last year and a half.
in Jordan for the last year and a half.
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我住在约旦的Zaatari营已经一年半了。
07:18
I have a big family:
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我家里有很多人：
07:20
three brothers, one is a baby.
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三个兄弟，其中一个还是小宝宝。
07:23
He cries a lot.
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他总是哭。
07:27
I asked my father if I cried when
I was a baby and he says I did not.
I was a baby and he says I did not.
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我问我爸爸当我是小宝宝的时候
我会哭吗，他说不会。
我会哭吗，他说不会。
07:32
I think I was a stronger baby
than my brother.
than my brother.
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我觉得我是个更坚强的小孩子。
07:35
CM: So, when you're inside
of the headset.
of the headset.
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CM：事实上，
当你从耳机中听到这个的时候，
当你从耳机中听到这个的时候，
07:38
you're not seeing it like this.
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你看到的不是这种景象。
07:40
You're looking around through this world.
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你其实是在环顾周围的世界。
07:42
You'll notice you see full
360 degrees, in all directions.
360 degrees, in all directions.
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你会发现你能看到360度
全方位的世界。
全方位的世界。
07:47
And when you're sitting there
in her room, watching her,
in her room, watching her,
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当你坐在她的房间中看着她的时候，
07:50
you're not watching it through
a television screen,
a television screen,
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你不是在透过一个电视屏幕看，
07:53
you're not watching it through a window,
you're sitting there with her.
you're sitting there with her.
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也不是透过一个窗户看，
你是和她一起坐在那里。
你是和她一起坐在那里。
07:56
When you look down, you're sitting
on the same ground that she's sitting on.
on the same ground that she's sitting on.
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当你往下看的时候，
你其实是和她坐在同一个地面上。
你其实是和她坐在同一个地面上。
08:00
And because of that,
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正因为这样，
08:02
you feel her humanity in a deeper way.
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你会更深切地感受到她的人性。
08:07
You empathize with her in a deeper way.
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你和她在更深层次上产生了共鸣。
08:11
And I think that we can change
minds with this machine.
minds with this machine.
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我认为我们可以用这种机器
来改变人的想法，
来改变人的想法，
08:17
And we've already started
to try to change a few.
to try to change a few.
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我们正在尝试去进行小小的改变。
08:21
So we took this film to the World Economic
Forum in Davos in January.
Forum in Davos in January.
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所以我们把这个影片拿到了在一月举行的
达沃斯世界经济论坛。
达沃斯世界经济论坛。
08:26
And we showed it to a group of people
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我们给一组人展示了这个影片，
08:29
whose decisions affect the lives
of millions of people.
of millions of people.
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这些人的决定能够改变百万人的生活。
08:33
And these are people
who might not otherwise
who might not otherwise
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这些人也许一辈子都不会
08:35
be sitting in a tent
in a refugee camp in Jordan.
in a refugee camp in Jordan.
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坐在约旦的难民营里面。
08:41
But in January, one afternoon
in Switzerland,
in Switzerland,
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但是在一月，在瑞士的一个下午，
08:47
they suddenly all found themselves there.
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他们突然发现他们就在那里。
08:52
(Applause)
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（掌声）
08:58
And they were affected by it.
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他们被深深地触动了。
09:01
So we're going to make more of them.
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所以我们打算再接再厉。
09:04
We're working with the
United Nations right now
United Nations right now
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我们正在和联合国合作，
09:07
to shoot a whole series of these films.
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来录制一个电影系列。
09:09
We just finished shooting
a story in Liberia.
a story in Liberia.
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我们刚刚结束在利比里亚的摄录。
09:12
And now, we're going
to shoot a story in India.
to shoot a story in India.
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现在，我们要去印度。
09:15
And we're taking these films,
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我们要带着这些影片，
09:17
and we're showing them
at the United Nations
at the United Nations
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在联合国上放映，
09:20
to people that work there and people
that are visiting there.
that are visiting there.
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给在那里工作或者旅游的人们看。
09:23
And we're showing
them to the people
them to the people
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我们给可以改变
09:24
that can actually change the lives
of the people inside of the films.
of the people inside of the films.
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电影主人公生活的那些人展示。
09:29
And that's where I think we just
start to scratch the surface
start to scratch the surface
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我认为我们由此才刚刚开始发掘
09:32
of the true power of virtual reality.
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虚拟现实的真正力量。
09:36
It's not a video game peripheral.
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它不是一个游戏周边。
09:38
It connects humans to other humans
in a profound way
in a profound way
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它以一种很深刻的方式连接每个人，
09:43
that I've never seen before
in any other form of media.
in any other form of media.
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一种史无前例的方式。
09:46
And it can change people's
perception of each other.
perception of each other.
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它可以改变人们对他人的印象。
09:50
And that's how I think
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这就是我为何相信
虚拟现实可以真正改变这个世界。
09:52
virtual reality has the potential
to actually change the world.
to actually change the world.
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09:58
So, it's a machine,
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所以，它是个机器，
10:01
but through this machine
we become more compassionate,
we become more compassionate,
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但是通过这个机器，
我们变得更有同情心，
我们变得更有同情心，
10:06
we become more empathetic,
and we become more connected.
and we become more connected.
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能和他人产生共鸣，
彼此间联系得也更紧密了。
彼此间联系得也更紧密了。
10:11
And ultimately, we become more human.
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最终，我们会变得更有人性。
10:16
Thank you.
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谢谢。
10:17
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Chris Milk - Immersive storytellerWorking at the frontiers of interactive technology, Chris Milk stretches virtual reality into a new canvas for storytelling.
Why you should listen
Chris Milk is a visual artist who has created music videos for Kanye West, Arcade Fire, Beck, U2, Johnny Cash, Gnarls Barkley and many more. He is known for weaving artistic and technological innovations in pursuit of the next great platform for storytelling. Milk's acclaimed interactive projects include Wilderness Downtown (with Arcade Fire), The Johnny Cash Project and The Treachery of Sanctuary. His interactive installation artworks have been showcased at the MoMA, the Tate Modern and museums around the world.
Milk's most recent contribution to the art and tech frontier is as founder and CEO of the virtual reality company Within (formerly Vrse). In collaboration with the New York Times, Zach Richter and JR, Milk created two VR films, Walking New York and The Displaced, which were distributed along with Google Cardboard viewers to 1 million NYT subscribers in 2015. He has also collaborated on VR projects with the United Nations (Clouds Over Sidra and Waves of Grace), Vice, SNL and U2.
Chris Milk | Speaker | TED.com