TED Residency
Keith Kirkland: Wearable tech that helps you navigate by touch
基思·柯克兰: 可穿戴触摸导航技术
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基思·柯克兰正在开发一种可穿戴的技术，这种技术只使用触觉来传递信息。他试图弄明白：什么手势和振动模式可以直观地传达 “停止” 或 “走” 之类的想法？看看他的团队的第一个产品，一个盲人和视障人士的导航设备，了解更多关于他正在创造全新的 “触觉语言” 来驱动这个产品。
Keith Kirkland - Haptic designer
Keith Kirkland is the cofounder of WearWorks, a company that builds products and experiences that communicate information through touch. Full bio
Keith Kirkland is the cofounder of WearWorks, a company that builds products and experiences that communicate information through touch. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
你犹记当年的初吻吗？
00:12
Do you remember your first kiss?
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或那次刚出炉的热披萨，
烫伤了你嘴巴的事吗?
烫伤了你嘴巴的事吗?
00:15
Or that time you burned
the roof of your mouth
the roof of your mouth
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00:17
on a hot slice of pizza?
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00:19
What about playing tag
or duck, duck, goose as a child?
or duck, duck, goose as a child?
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小时候玩 “贴膏药“或”鸭、鸭或鹅”
感觉怎么样？
感觉怎么样？
这些都是用触摸来
理解某些东西的例子。
理解某些东西的例子。
00:22
These are all instances where
we're using touch to understand something.
we're using touch to understand something.
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是建立触觉设计的基础。
00:26
And it's the basis of haptic design.
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“触感” 是与触觉有关。
00:29
"Haptic" means of or relating to
the sense of touch.
the sense of touch.
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每天我们都在使用。
00:32
And we've all been using that
our entire lives.
our entire lives.
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00:35
I was working on my computer
when my friend,
when my friend,
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当我的朋友注意到
我在电脑前工作时，
我在电脑前工作时，
00:38
seeing me hunched over typing,
walked over behind me.
walked over behind me.
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驼着背打字，就走到我身后。
00:41
She put her left thumb
into the left side of my lower back,
into the left side of my lower back,
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她把左手大拇指放在我下背部的左边，
又把她的右手食指伸到我右肩的前面。
00:44
while reaching her right index finger
around to the front of my right shoulder.
around to the front of my right shoulder.
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我就本能地坐直了。
00:48
Instinctively, I sat up straight.
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00:50
In one quick and gentle gesture,
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一个快速而温和的手势，
她就促使我改善自己的姿势。
00:52
she had communicated
how to improve my posture.
how to improve my posture.
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00:55
The paper I was working on
at that very moment
at that very moment
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当时我正在写的一篇论文
00:57
centered around developing new ways
to teach movement using technology.
to teach movement using technology.
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是论述利用新技术来导引运动。
01:01
I wanted to create a suit
that could teach a person kung fu.
that could teach a person kung fu.
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我想制造能教人功夫的套装。
（笑声）
01:05
(Laughter)
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但我的疑问在于怎样指导运动，
01:07
But I had no idea how
to communicate movement
to communicate movement
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01:09
without an instructor being in the room.
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当没有老师在场的时候。
那一刻，我突然找到了答案：
触摸。
触摸。
01:12
And in that moment,
it became crystal clear: touch.
it became crystal clear: touch.
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如果将振动马达放在
她每只手指的位置上，
她每只手指的位置上，
01:16
If I had vibrating motors
where she had placed each of her fingers,
where she had placed each of her fingers,
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配对当前捕捉到的动作与
最佳姿势动作的数据差别，
最佳姿势动作的数据差别，
01:20
paired with motion-capture data
of my current and optimal posture,
of my current and optimal posture,
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01:24
I could simulate the entire experience
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我就可以模拟整个
没有教练在旁的环境。
01:26
without an instructor
needing to be in the room.
needing to be in the room.
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01:28
But there was still one important part
of the puzzle that was missing.
of the puzzle that was missing.
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但还有一个重要的疑难。
如果使用振动器要把你的手腕
从膝盖抬高两英寸时，
从膝盖抬高两英寸时，
01:32
If I want you to raise your wrist
two inches off of your lap,
two inches off of your lap,
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01:35
using vibration,
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我又怎能驱使你这么做？
01:37
how do I tell you to do that?
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就放一个马达在你的手腕上，
能让你知道要抬起手吗？
能让你知道要抬起手吗？
01:40
Do I put a motor at the top of your wrist,
so you know to lift up?
so you know to lift up?
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或放在你手腕底部，
感觉像是被人推起来？
感觉像是被人推起来？
01:43
Or do I put one
at the bottom of your wrist,
at the bottom of your wrist,
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01:45
so it feels like you're being pushed up?
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这个没有现成技术可供参考，
01:47
There were no readily available answers
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01:49
because there was no commonly
agreed-upon haptic language
agreed-upon haptic language
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因为没有公认的触觉语言
与…交流信息。
01:52
to communicate information with.
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01:54
So my cofounders and I
set out to create that language.
set out to create that language.
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所以我和共同创始人
开始创造这种新语言。
开始创造这种新语言。
我们制造的第一件设备
并不是功夫套装。
并不是功夫套装。
01:57
And the first device we built
was not a kung fu suit.
was not a kung fu suit.
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（笑声）
02:01
(Laughter)
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02:02
But in a way, it was even more impressive
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但在某种程度上，
它更令人印象深刻，
它更令人印象深刻，
因为它简单而实用。
02:04
because of its simplicity and usefulness.
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首先从导航事例开始，
02:07
We started with the use case
of navigation,
of navigation,
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02:09
which is a simplified form of movement.
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是一种简化的运动形式。
然后我们创造了 “引路手带” ，
02:12
We then created Wayband,
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一种腕部穿戴设备，
可引领用户到达目的地，
可引领用户到达目的地，
02:15
a wrist-wearable device that could
orient a user toward a destination,
orient a user toward a destination,
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用振动提示作导航。
02:19
using vibrating cues.
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我们会让人们转到
02:22
We would ask people to spin around
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他们认为正确的方向停下来。
02:25
and to stop in a way that they felt
was the right way to go.
was the right way to go.
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我们非正式给数百人试验过了，
02:29
Informally, we tried this
with hundreds of people,
with hundreds of people,
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02:31
and most could figure it out
within about 15 seconds.
within about 15 seconds.
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大多数人可以在 15 秒内
找到正确方向。
找到正确方向。
02:34
It was that intuitive.
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就是依据直觉。
02:36
Initially, we were just trying to get
people out of their phones
people out of their phones
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起初，我们只想让人们
从沉醉于手机中回到现实世界。
从沉醉于手机中回到现实世界。
02:39
and back into the real world.
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02:41
But the more we experimented,
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但我们做越多的试验，
02:43
the more we realized that those
who stood to benefit most from our work
who stood to benefit most from our work
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发觉最受益的人，
是盲人或视力受障碍人士。
02:47
were people who had little or no sight.
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当首次接触盲人组织时，
他们告诉我们，
他们告诉我们，
02:51
When we first approached
a blind organization, they told us,
a blind organization, they told us,
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“不要设计盲人专用的设备，
02:54
"Don't build a blind device.
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02:56
Build a device that everyone can use
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设计一个所有人都可用的设备
02:58
but that's optimized
for the blind experience."
for the blind experience."
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但可优化盲人的生活。”
我们用三个指导原则
创建了一家公司 “佩戴工艺” ：
创建了一家公司 “佩戴工艺” ：
03:01
We created our company WearWorks
with three guiding principles:
with three guiding principles:
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是做些很酷的东西，
03:06
make cool stuff,
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03:08
create the greatest impact we can
in our lifetimes
in our lifetimes
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用尽全力，创造最大的影响力，
重新构想以触摸为旨的世界。
03:11
and reimagine an entire world
designed for touch.
designed for touch.
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03:15
And on November 5, 2017,
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2017年11月5日，
佩戴工艺协助了一位盲人
03:19
Wayband helped a person who was blind
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03:22
run the first 15 miles
of the New York City Marathon
of the New York City Marathon
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在没有领跑员的帮助下，
跑完纽约市马拉松的前15英里。
跑完纽约市马拉松的前15英里。
03:25
without any sighted assistance.
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（掌声）
03:27
(Applause)
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不巧的是由于大雨，
他未能跑毕全程，
他未能跑毕全程，
03:35
It didn't get him through the entire race
due to the heavy rain,
due to the heavy rain,
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但这点并不重要。
03:38
but that didn't matter.
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（笑声）
03:39
(Laughter)
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03:41
We had proved the point:
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我们已经证明了
03:42
that it was possible to navigate
a complex route using only touch.
a complex route using only touch.
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在复杂的路线上，
靠着触感也可以被导航。
靠着触感也可以被导航。
03:45
So, why touch?
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那么，为何是触感呢？
03:47
The skin has an innate sensitivity
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因为皮肤天生敏感，
03:49
akin to the eyes' ability
to recognize millions of colors
to recognize millions of colors
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类似于眼睛有识别
数百万种颜色的能力，
数百万种颜色的能力，
03:53
or the ears' ability to recognize
complex pitch and tone.
complex pitch and tone.
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或者耳朵识别复杂音调
和音色的能力。
和音色的能力。
然而，作为沟通渠道，
03:56
Yet, as a communications channel,
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它被归入摩尔斯电码，
比如手机通知之类。
比如手机通知之类。
03:58
it's been largely relegated to
Morse code-like cell phone notifications.
Morse code-like cell phone notifications.
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如果你突然被吻或被打一拳，
04:01
If you were to suddenly receive
a kiss or a punch,
a kiss or a punch,
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04:04
your reaction would be
instinctive and immediate.
instinctive and immediate.
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你的反应会是本能而直接的。
同时，你的大脑会从后追赶。
04:08
Meanwhile, your brain would be playing
catch-up on the back end
catch-up on the back end
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04:11
to understand the details
of what just occurred.
of what just occurred.
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想了解刚发生事情的细节。
04:13
And compared to instincts,
conscious thought is pretty slow.
conscious thought is pretty slow.
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与直觉相比，有意识的思考
是相当缓慢的。
是相当缓慢的。
像一瞬间的闪电，
04:17
But it's a lightning bolt
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04:18
compared to the snail's pace
of language acquisition.
of language acquisition.
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与语言沟通的速度相比。
04:22
I spent a considerable amount of time
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我花了很多的时间
04:24
learning Spanish, Japanese,
German and currently Swedish,
German and currently Swedish,
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学习西班牙语、日语、
德语和目前的瑞典语，
德语和目前的瑞典语，
04:30
with varying degrees of failure.
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有不同程度的失败。
04:31
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
04:35
But within those failures were kernels
of how different languages are organized.
of how different languages are organized.
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我失败的核心在于这些语言有
不同的组织方式。
不同的组织方式。
使我们的团队得到启示，
04:39
That gave our team insight
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04:41
into how to use the linguistic order
of well-established languages
of well-established languages
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如何运用语序
04:45
as inspiration for
an entirely new haptic language,
an entirely new haptic language,
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引领我们发展一种
全新触觉语言，
全新触觉语言，
纯粹基于触摸。
04:48
one based purely on touch.
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04:50
It also showed us when using language
mechanics wasn't the best way
mechanics wasn't the best way
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还有利用语言运用的方式
不是信息传递的最好方法。
不是信息传递的最好方法。
04:54
to deliver information.
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04:56
In the same way a smile is a smile
across every culture,
across every culture,
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微笑是不分文化的。
05:00
what if there was some
underlying mechanism of touch
underlying mechanism of touch
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如果有某种潜在的接触机制
能超越了语言和文化的界限？
05:02
that transcended linguistic
and cultural boundaries?
and cultural boundaries?
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05:06
A universal language, of sorts.
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某种通用语言。
05:08
You see, I could give you
buzz-buzz-buzz, buzz-buzz,
buzz-buzz-buzz, buzz-buzz,
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可以给你二短一长，二短的振动，
05:13
and you would eventually learn
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由此你最终会学到
05:14
that that particular
vibration means "stop."
vibration means "stop."
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那种特殊振动意味着 “停止”。
05:17
But as haptic designers,
we challenged ourselves.
we challenged ourselves.
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身为触觉设计师，我们自我挑战
如何来设计 “停止” 的讯号？
05:21
What would it be like to design "stop?"
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05:24
Well, based on context,
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举个例子，
05:25
most of us have the experience
of being in a vehicle
of being in a vehicle
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大多数人在车上都经历过，
05:28
and having that vehicle stop suddenly,
along with our body's reaction to it.
along with our body's reaction to it.
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那辆车突然停下来，
我们的身体会接着作出反应。。
我们的身体会接着作出反应。。
05:32
So if I wanted you to stop,
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若果我要你停下来，
05:34
I could send you
a vibration pattern, sure.
a vibration pattern, sure.
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可以给你发一张振动图。
05:36
Or, I could design a haptic experience
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或者可以设计一种触觉体验，
05:39
that just made stopping
feel like it was the right thing to do.
feel like it was the right thing to do.
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让人知道做出正确的停止动作。
不能只发出任意的触觉讯号，
05:43
And that takes more than an arbitrary
assignment of haptic cues to meanings.
assignment of haptic cues to meanings.
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讯号要引发强烈的共鸣。
05:47
It takes a deep empathy.
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05:49
It also takes the ability to distill
human experience into meaningful insights
human experience into meaningful insights
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那么还需要从人类的经验中
提炼出有意义的洞察力
提炼出有意义的洞察力
05:54
and then into haptic
gestures and products.
gestures and products.
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产生出以触觉为主的手势和产品。
触觉的设计将扩展我们人类
05:59
Haptic design is going to expand
the human ability
the human ability
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06:01
to sense and respond to our environments,
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感知和应对环境的能力，
06:04
both physical and virtual.
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在实际和虚拟环境中。
06:06
There's a new frontier: touch.
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我们在构建一个新的领域：触觉。
驱动我们对周围环境有新的看法。
06:09
And it has the power to change
how we all see the world around us.
how we all see the world around us.
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06:13
Thank you.
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谢谢您。
（掌声）
06:14
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Keith Kirkland - Haptic designerKeith Kirkland is the cofounder of WearWorks, a company that builds products and experiences that communicate information through touch.
Why you should listen
Navigation is inherently visual, and nowhere is that more clear than for the 285 million people in the world living with a visual impairment. With WAYBAND, a wrist-wearable haptic navigation device for the blind and visually impaired, WearWorks has created and patented an intuitive way to guide a person to a destination using vibration, without the need for any visual or audio cues. In 2017, WAYBAND was used to help a person who is blind run the first 15 miles of the NYC marathon without sighted assistance.
Kirkland is a public speaker, mechanical engineer, accessories designer and industrial designer with experience developing innovation-based concepts and experiences. He has worked with organizations ranging from the MET Museum, The Cooper Hewitt Design Museum, Unilever, Futureworks, Mini Cooper, Discovery Channel, Dropbox, The Yokohama Government, Coach and the National Science Foundation.
Keith Kirkland | Speaker | TED.com