TEDxAmsterdam
Kevin Kelly: Technology's epic story
凯文·凯利讲技术发展故事
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在这个内容丰富的，发人深省的TEDx阿姆斯特丹演讲中，凯文·凯利畅谈在我们的生活中，从个人层面到宇宙空间，技术都意味着什么。
Kevin Kelly - Digital visionary
There may be no one better to contemplate the meaning of cultural change than Kevin Kelly, whose life story reads like a treatise on the value and impacts of technology. Full bio
There may be no one better to contemplate the meaning of cultural change than Kevin Kelly, whose life story reads like a treatise on the value and impacts of technology. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I want to talk about my investigations
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我想谈谈我的调查
00:18
into what technology means in our lives --
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在我们生活中，技术是什么，
00:23
not just our immediate life, but in the cosmic sense,
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它不仅仅是我们眼前的生活，还有宇宙层面上，
00:26
in the kind of long history of the world
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从漫长的历史世界
00:29
and our place in the world:
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到我们人类在世界上所处的地位，
00:32
What is this stuff?
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这技术到底意味什么？
00:34
What is the significance?
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有什么意义？
00:36
And so, I want to kind of go through my
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好，我来谈谈
00:38
little story of what I found out.
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我所发现的小故事。
00:40
And one of the first things that I started to investigate was
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我首先要谈的是我着手研究过的
00:42
the history of the name of technology.
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技术这个词的由来
00:46
And in the United States there is a State of the Union address
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在美国，从1790年起，每位总统都要发表一个国情咨文
00:48
given by every president since 1790.
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的报告。
00:51
And each one of those is really kind of
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每一份国情咨文
00:54
summing up the most important things
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总结了美国当时发生的
00:56
for the United States at that time.
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最重要的事情
00:58
If you search for the word "technology,"
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如果你搜索“技术”这个词
01:00
it was not used until 1952.
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你会发现，一直到1952年，“技术”这个词才被使用。
01:04
So, technology was sort of absent
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所以技术这个概念一直到到1952年，也就是我出生的那一年，
01:06
from everybody's thinking until 1952, which happened to be the year of my birth.
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才在人们脑海中出现。
01:09
And obviously, technology
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显然，技术
01:12
had existed before then, but we weren't aware of it,
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之前就已经存在，只是我们没有意识到它的存在。
01:14
and so it was sort of an awakening
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因此在1952年前后
01:16
of this force in our life.
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我们生活中这种技术力量开始觉醒。
01:19
I actually did research to find out the first
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实际上我研究了解到第一次
01:21
use of the word "technology."
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使用“技术”
01:23
It was in 1829,
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是在1829年。
01:25
and it was invented by a guy who was starting a curriculum --
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一个安排课程表，
01:28
a course, bringing together all the kinds
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课程的人发明了它，用来把工艺美术和工业整合到
01:30
of arts and crafts, and industry --
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一起。
01:33
and he called it "Technology."
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他称它为技术。
01:35
And that's the very first use of the word.
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这是第一次使用这个单词。
01:37
So, what is this stuff
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那么，
01:39
that we're all consumed by,
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我们都为之所占有，被为之惴惴不安的
01:42
and bothered by?
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这东西到底是什么？
01:45
Alan Kay calls it, "Technology is anything
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阿兰·凯伊说：“技术是当你出生后
01:47
that was invented after you were born."
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才被发明的东西。”
01:49
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
01:50
Which is sort of the idea that we normally have about what technology is:
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我们通常也是这么想的
01:54
It's all that new stuff.
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技术就是新的东西
01:56
It's not roads, or penicillin,
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不是指道路，或者盘尼西林，
01:58
or factory tires; it's the new stuff.
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或者轮胎厂。技术是指新东西。
02:02
My friend Danny Hillis says kind of a similar one,
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我朋友丹尼希利斯说过类似的话，
02:04
he says, "Technology is anything that doesn't work yet."
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他说：“技术，就是一些还不能很好的使用的玩意。”
02:07
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
02:08
Which is, again, a sense that it's all new.
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这又再次证明技术是指新的东西。
02:10
But we know that it's just not new.
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但是我们知道它不仅仅是新东西，
02:12
It actually goes way back, and what I want to suggest
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它也可以追溯到过去。我要建议的是
02:14
is it goes a long way back.
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技术有一段很长的历史演变。
02:18
So, another way to think about technology, what it means,
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那么，换种方式来思考技术，它意味着什么，
02:20
is to imagine a world without technology.
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想象一个没有技术的世界。
02:22
If we were to eliminate every single bit of technology in the world today --
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如果我们去除当今世界的每个独特的技术，
02:25
and I mean everything,
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我是指所有技术，
02:27
from blades to scrapers to cloth --
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从刀片到刮刀再到织物，
02:31
we as a species would not live very long.
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作为一个物种，我们就不会活很长时间。
02:34
We would die by the billions, and very quickly:
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数十亿人会很快地死掉。
02:37
The wolves would get us, we would be defenseless,
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狼群会吃我们，以致于我们无法防身。
02:40
we would be unable to grow enough food, or find enough food.
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我们将无法生产足够的粮食，或者找不到足够的食物。
02:43
Even the hunter-gatherers used some elementary tools.
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甚至是猎人打猎也使用一些基本工具。
02:47
And so, they had minimal technology,
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尽管他们用最少的技术，
02:49
but they had some technology.
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但他们已经有了一些技术。
02:51
And if we study those hunter-gatherer tribes
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如果我们研究这些狩猎采集部落
02:54
and the Neanderthal, which are very similar to early man,
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和非常类似于早期人类的尼安德特人，
02:58
we find out a very curious thing about this world without technology,
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我们会发现没有技术的世界一个非常新奇的事情，
03:01
and this is a kind of a curve of their average age.
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这就是他们的平均年龄曲线。
03:04
There are no Neanderthal fossils that are older than 40 years old
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我们迄今发现没有一块尼安德特人化石
03:07
that we've ever found,
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显示他们寿命超过40岁
03:09
and the average age of most of these
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这些狩猎采集部落大多数人平均年龄
03:11
hunter-gatherer tribes is 20 to 30.
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是20-30岁。
03:14
There are very few young infants
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因为非常高死亡率，所以非常少的婴幼儿
03:17
because they die -- high mortality rate -- and there's very few old people.
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存活，也有很少的老年人存活。
03:20
And so the profile is sort of for your average San Francisco neighborhood:
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这是你们旧金山周边人们的平均年龄资料。
03:24
a lot of young people.
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有很多年轻人。
03:26
And if you go there, you say, "Hey, everybody's really healthy."
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如果你去旧金山那里，你说，“嘿，大家都很健康吧。”
03:28
Well, that's because they're all young.
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嗯，那是因为他们都很年轻。
03:30
And the same thing with the hunter-gatherer tribes and early man
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狩猎采集部落和早期人的同样问题
03:32
is that you didn't live beyond the age of 30.
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是他们活不到30岁。
03:35
So, it was a world without grandparents.
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因此，那是一个没有祖父母的世界。
03:37
And grandparents are very important,
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祖父母也是非常重要的，
03:39
because they are the transmitter of cultural evolution and information.
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因为他们是文化演变和信息的传承者。
03:43
Imagine a world and basically everybody was 20 to 30 years old.
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想象一个世界，基本上每个人都在20岁至30岁，
03:46
How much learning can you do?
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你可以学到什么东西？
03:48
You can't do very much learning in your own life,
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在你仅有的生命中，你不可能学到很多东西，
03:50
it's so short,
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它太短了。
03:52
and there's nobody to pass on what you do learn.
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没有人可以传授给你所要学的东西。
03:54
So, that's one aspect.
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这只是一个方面。
03:57
It was a very short life. But at the same time
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生命太短暂。但同时
03:59
anthropologists know
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人类学家知道
04:02
that most hunter-gatherer tribes of the world,
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世界上多数狩猎采集部落
04:04
with that very little technology, actually did not spend
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使用很少的技术，其实他们并没有花
04:06
a very long time gathering the food that they needed:
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很长的时间采集他们所需要的食物。
04:09
three to six hours a day.
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一天3至6小时狩猎采集。
04:11
Some anthropologists call that the original affluent society.
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一些人类学家称之为原始富足社会。
04:14
Because they had banker hours basically.
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因为他们基本上有工作小时，类似于银行家小时。
04:17
So, it was possible to get enough food.
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就有可能获得足够的粮食。
04:20
But when the scarcity came
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但当食物不足时，
04:22
when the highs and lows and the droughts came,
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收成不稳定和干旱来临时，
04:24
then people went into starvation.
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人们就进入饥饿时期。
04:27
And that's why they didn't live very long.
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这也是他们活不长久的原因。
04:29
So, what technology brought,
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因此技术都带来什么，
04:31
through the very simple tools like these stone tools here --
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通过这样很简单的工具，像这里的石器，
04:36
even something as small as this --
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甚至一些小到这样的工具，
04:38
the early bands of humans were actually able
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伴随人类的早期动物，
04:40
to eliminate to extinction
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当它们1万年前第一次出现在北美洲，
04:43
about 250 megafauna animals
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大约250种巨型动物群
04:47
in North America when they first arrived 10,000 years ago.
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事实上它们都被淘汰和灭绝了。
04:51
So, long before the industrial age
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所以，早在工业时代
04:53
we've been affecting the planet on a global scale,
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我们虽然那时用的技术很少
04:56
with just a small amount of technology.
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但人类就已经在全球范围内影响地球
04:58
The other thing that the early man invented was fire.
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另一件事情是早期人类发明了火。
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And fire was used to clear out, and again,
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火是用来清除丛林，并再次
05:03
affected the ecology of grass and whole continents,
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影响生态草地和整个大陆，
05:07
and was used in cooking.
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并用于做饭。
05:10
It enabled us to actually eat all kinds of things.
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它使我们可以吃各种东西。
05:12
It was sort of, in a certain sense, in a McLuhan sense,
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在某种意义上，从麦克卢汉意义上，它是
05:14
an external stomach,
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一个外在的胃。
05:17
in the sense that it was cooking food that we could not eat otherwise.
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在这个意义上讲，只有用火烹调食物，否则我们不能吃。
05:20
And if we don't have fire, we actually could not live.
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如果我们没有火，我们根本无法生存。
05:23
Our bodies have adapted to these new diets.
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我们身体已经适应了这些新的饮食习惯。
05:26
Our bodies have changed in the last 10,000 years.
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过去1万年，我们的身体已经改变了。
05:29
So, with that little bit of technology,
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所以，应用很少的技术，
05:32
humans went from a small band of 10,000 or so --
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人类就从大约1万少数人发展起来，
05:34
the same number as Neanderthals everywhere --
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同等于那时遍布各地的尼安特人的数量，
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and we suddenly exploded. With the invention of language
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我们发明了语言，突然人口爆炸了，
05:38
around 50,000 years ago,
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大约5万年前，
05:40
the number of humans exploded,
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人口数量呈爆炸式发展，
05:42
and very quickly became the dominant species on the planet.
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非常快地就变成了这地球上的主宰者。
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And they migrated into the rest of the world at two kilometers per year
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以每年2公里速度，仅仅数万年
05:49
until, within several tens of thousands of years,
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人类就迁移到世界各地
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we occupied every single watershed on the planet
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懂得少量技术以后
05:54
and became the most dominant species,
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我们人类就占领这地球上每一个分水岭地
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with a very small amount of technology.
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变成那里的最主要的物种
05:58
And even at that time, with the introduction of agriculture,
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甚至在那个时候，8000年至1万年以前
06:01
8,000, 10,000 years ago
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伴随农业的发展
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we started to see climate change.
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我们就开始有气候变化。
06:05
So, climate change is not a new thing.
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所以气候变化不是一个新鲜事物。
06:07
What's new is just the degree of it. Even during
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新鲜的是气候变化的程度。甚至
06:09
the agricultural age there was climate change.
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在农业时代就有了气候变化。
06:12
And so, already small amounts of technology
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因此，少量的技术已经
06:14
were transforming the world.
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在改变着世界。
06:16
And what this means, and where I'm going, is that
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这意味着，我所指的是
06:18
technology has become the most powerful force in the world.
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技术已经变成世界上最强大的力量。
06:22
All the things that we see today
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我们今天所看到的所有
06:24
that are changing our lives, we can always trace back
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改变我们生活的事情，我们都可以追溯
06:26
to the introduction of some new technology.
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归结为一些新技术的发明。
06:28
So, it's a force that is the most powerful force
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所以这是一种力量
06:32
that has been unleashed on this planet,
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它是这地球上已经被释放的最最强大的力量
06:34
and in such a degree that I think
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强大到使我相信
06:37
that it's become our -- who we are.
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技术变成我们人类自己
06:42
In fact, our humanity, and everything that we think about ourselves
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事实上，我们的人性，和一切关于我们自己的想法思考
06:45
is something that we've invented.
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都是我们后来发明的
06:47
So, we've invented ourselves. Of all the animals that we have domesticated,
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所以，我们发明了我们自身。被我们驯服的所有动物当中，
06:49
the most important animal that we've domesticated
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最重要的一个
06:51
has been us. Okay?
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就是我们自身。对吧？
06:54
So, humanity is our greatest invention.
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所以，人性是我们最伟大的发明。
06:57
But of course we're not done yet.
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当然了，我们还没有完全做好。
06:59
We're still inventing, and this is what technology is allowing us to do --
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我们还在发明。这就是我们可以做的技术。
07:02
it's continually to reinvent ourselves.
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继续再发掘人的潜力去重新发明。
07:05
It's a very, very strong force.
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这是超强大的力量。
07:07
I call this entire thing -- us humans as our technology,
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我们人类作为技术本身，这就是头等大事，
07:10
everything that we've made, gadgets in our lives --
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我们创造的每一件事，日常生活每个工具，
07:13
we call that the technium. That's this world.
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我们称之为技术元素。这就是技术世界。
07:15
My working definition of technology
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我现在对技术的定义是
07:17
is "anything useful that a human mind makes."
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人类创造的任何有用的东西。
07:20
It's not just hammers and gadgets, like laptops.
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不仅仅指锤子，或者像笔记本的工具。
07:22
But it's also law. And of course cities are ways to make
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但也指规律，法则。当然对我们人类来说，城市是种方法使事情变得
07:27
things more useful to us.
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更加有用。
07:29
While this is something that comes from our mind,
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此时，我脑海中冒出的想法，
07:31
it also has its roots deeply
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技术也深深扎根于
07:34
into the cosmos.
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宇宙空间。
07:36
It goes back. The origins and roots of technology
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追溯技术，它的起源和最初的根源
07:38
go back to the Big Bang,
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要回到大爆炸，
07:40
in this way, in that they are part of this
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因此，技术的起源是
07:42
self-organizing thread
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一个自组织的网，
07:44
that starts at the Big Bang
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它开始于大爆炸，
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and goes through galaxies and stars,
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再穿过星系和恒星
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into life, into us.
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进入到我们的生活。
07:51
And the three major phases of the early universe
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早期宇宙的三个主要阶段
07:53
was energy, when the dominant force was energy;
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是能量，那时主导力量是能量。
07:55
then it became, the dominant force, as it cooled, became matter;
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然后主导力量变化，随着能量冷却，它变成物质。
07:58
and then, with the invention of life, four billion years ago,
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40亿年前，随着生命物质的发展，
08:02
the dominant force in our neighborhood became information.
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在我们周边主导力量变为信息。
08:04
That's what life is: It's an information process
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这就是生活。信息处理就是
08:06
that was restructuring and making new order.
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重新构建与重新排序的过程
08:09
So, those energy, matter Einstein show
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所以，爱因斯坦发现的这些能量物质
08:12
were equivalent, and now new sciences
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是可以相等转化的，现在新的
08:15
of quantum computing show that entropy
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量子计算的科学显示熵/平均信息量
08:17
and information and matter and energy
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与信息，物质和能量
08:20
are all interrelated, so it's one long continuum.
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都是相互关联的，所以它是一个长期连续体。
08:24
You put energy into the right kind of system
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当你把能量放到合适的体系中，
08:27
and out comes wasted heat, entropy
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而产生了废热熵，
08:30
and extropy, which is order.
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和废除物，这就是规律
08:33
It's the increased order.
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而且规律还在变化。
08:35
Where does this order come from? Its roots go way back.
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那么，这规则是从哪来的？它的根源早就有了。
08:37
We actually don't know.
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我们竟然还不知道。
08:39
But we do know that the self-organization trend
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但是我们知道整个宇宙的自我组织趋势
08:42
throughout the universe is long,
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是很长远的，
08:44
and it began with things like galaxies;
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它起源于像星系的东西。
08:46
they maintained their order for billions of years.
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它们保持了数十亿年的规则。
08:49
Stars are basically nuclear fusion machines
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星星们基本上是数十亿年自我组织
08:53
that self-organize and self-sustain themselves for billions of years,
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自我维持自己的核裂变化
08:56
this order against the entropy of the world.
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这违背了世界普世的秩序。
08:58
And flowers and plants are the same thing, extended,
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花卉和植物是同样的东西，在发展延伸。
09:04
and technology is basically an extension of life.
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技术基本上是一个生命的延续。
09:08
One trend that we notice in all those things is that
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我们在所有这些事情里发现一个趋势是
09:12
the amount of energy per gram per second
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每克每秒在这流动变化的能量
09:14
that flows through this, is actually increasing.
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实际上是增加的。
09:17
The amount of energy is increasing through this little sequence.
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能量通过这个小顺序在增加。
09:22
And that the amount of energy per gram per second that flows through life
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每克每秒在生命中流动变化的能量
09:26
is actually greater than a star --
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实际上比一个星星能量要大得多，
09:28
because of the star's long lifespan,
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因为星星的长寿命，
09:31
the energy density in life is actually higher than a star.
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生命中的能量密度实际上要高于星星的能量密度。
09:34
And the energy density that we see in the greatest
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我们所见到的最大的，
09:37
of anywhere in the universe is actually in a PC chip.
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在宇宙中的任何地方所看到的能量密度实际上是储存在个人芯片。
09:40
There is more energy flowing through, per gram per second,
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它是每克每秒产生的能量
09:43
than anything that we have any other experience with.
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都比我们接触任何其他事物的能量要多得多
09:46
What I would suggest is that if you want to see
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所以我的建议是如果你想知道
09:49
where technology is going, we continue that trajectory,
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技术将怎么发展，我们还在这轨迹变化上，
09:52
and we say "Well what's going to become more energy-dense,
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我们晓得什么将变成更多能源密度，
09:55
that's where it's going." And so what I've done
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这就是技术发展趋势。因此我所做的是
09:57
is, I've taken the same kinds of things
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我已经研究了同样的事情
09:59
and looked at other aspects
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看生命进化的其他方面
10:01
of evolutionary life and say,
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和总结，
10:03
"What are the general trends in evolutionary life?"
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什么是生命进化的总趋势。
10:05
And there are things moving towards
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一些事情朝着
10:07
greater complexity, moving towards greater diversity,
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更加复杂化，更加多样化，
10:09
moving towards greater specialization,
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更加专业化，
10:12
sentience, ubiquity and most important, evolvability:
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更具有感知性，更加普遍存在和最重要的，更具有进化发展性。
10:16
Those very same things are also present in technology.
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正是这些事情是当今发展的技术，
10:20
That's where technology is going.
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也是技术发展的潮流。
10:22
In fact, technology is accelerating
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事实上，在生活的各个方面
10:24
all the aspects of life,
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技术的发展都变得越来越快
10:27
and we can see that happening; just as there's diversity in life,
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我们会看到这种变化。正如在生活中存在的多样性，
10:30
there's more diversity in things we make.
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我们可以创造更多多样性的事情。
10:33
Things in life start out being general cell,
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生命中事物开始是一般细胞，
10:35
and they become specialized: You have tissue cells,
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它们变得专业化。你有组织细胞。
10:37
you have muscle, brain cells. And same things happens with
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你有肌肉，脑细胞。同样的道理
10:39
say, a hammer, which is general at first
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就如最初一般的锤子
10:41
and becomes more specific.
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它变得更加具体化。
10:43
So, I would like to say that while there is six kingdoms of life,
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所以我想说，现在有6个生命王国，
10:46
we can think of technology basically
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我们可以认为技术基本上
10:48
as a seventh kingdom of life.
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是第7个生命王国。
10:50
It's a branching off from the human form.
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这是一个有别于人类形式的分支。
10:52
But technology has its own agenda,
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但技术有它自己的议程
10:54
like anything, like life itself.
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就像其他事，就像生命本身。
10:56
For instance, right now, three-quarters of the energy that we use
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比如现在，我们使用的四分之三能源
10:59
is actually used to feed the technium itself.
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实际上是用来供应技术元素自身。
11:01
In transportation, it's not to move us, it's to move
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在交通运输，它不是移动我们，而是移动
11:03
the stuff that we make or buy.
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我们生产的和想买的东西。
11:05
I use the word "want." Technology wants.
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我使用这个词“想要”描述。技术想要什么。
11:07
This is a robot that wants to plug itself in to get more power.
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机器人想使它自己得到更多能量。
11:10
Your cat wants more food.
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你的猫想要更多的食物。
11:12
A bacterium, which has no consciousness at all,
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一个没有任何意识的细菌
11:15
wants to move towards light.
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想要移到光亮地方。
11:17
It has an urge, and technology has an urge.
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这往往是驱策，技术有着驱策力。
11:20
At the same time, it wants to give us things,
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同时，技术想要创造出事物。
11:22
and what it gives us is basically progress.
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技术带给我们的基本上是改进。
11:25
You can take all kinds of curves, and they're all pointing up.
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你可以看看这些曲线图表，他们都是向上发展变化的。
11:27
There's really no dispute about progress,
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如果我们扣去技术的成本
11:30
if we discount the cost of that.
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这确实是毫无争议的进步
11:33
And that's the thing that bothers most people,
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困扰大多数人的事情是
11:35
is that progress is really real,
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技术的确是真的进步了，
11:37
but we wonder and question: What are the environmental costs of it?
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但我们会吃惊和质疑我们为此所付出的环境代价。
11:41
I did a survey of a number of species of artifacts in my house,
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我做了一个在我家的人造物品种类数量的调查，
11:45
and there's 6,000. Other people have come up with 10,000.
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共有6千件。其他人的数量加起来有1万件。
11:48
When King Henry of England died,
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当英国亨利国王死时，
11:51
he had 18,000 things in his house,
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他家有1万8千件东西。
11:53
but that was the entire wealth of England.
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那就是整个英国的全部财富。
11:56
And with that entire wealth of England,
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尽管有了整个英国的全部财富，
12:00
King Henry could not buy any antibiotics,
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亨利国王不可以买任何抗生素。
12:03
he could not buy refrigeration, he could not buy a trip of a thousand miles.
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他买不到电冰箱。他买不到数以千里的旅游。
12:06
Whereas this rickshaw wale in India
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但是这个在印度的人力黄包车夫
12:09
could save up and buy antibiotics
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可以积攒钱和买抗生素。
12:11
and he could buy refrigeration.
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他也可以购得电冰箱。
12:13
He could buy things that King Henry, in all his wealth, could never buy.
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他可以买到亨利国王用他全部财富也买不到的东西。
12:16
That's what progress is about.
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这就是技术进步的例子。
12:18
So, technology is selfish; technology is generous.
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当然，技术是自私的，技术是慷慨的。
12:21
That conflict, that tension, will be with us forever,
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这种冲突和紧张会伴随我们永远。
12:24
that sometimes it wants to do what it wants to do,
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有时技术就想做它想做的事情。
12:26
and sometimes it's going to do things for us.
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有时技术为了我们大家做些事情。
12:28
We have confusion about what we should think about a new technology.
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我们搞不清我们应该怎样思考一项新技术。
12:32
Right now the default position about when
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当新技术来临
12:34
a new technology comes along, is we --
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现在人们的默认方法是
12:36
people talk about the precautionary principle,
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讨论有什么预警的原理
12:38
which is very common in Europe,
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这在欧洲非常普遍。
12:41
which says, basically, "Don't do anything. When you meet a new
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简单说就是：“不要去做任何事。”当你遇到一个新
12:43
technology, stop,
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技术，请停止，
12:45
until it can be proven that there's no harm."
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直到它被证明是没有害处的。
12:47
I think that really leads nowhere.
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我认为这的确行不通。
12:50
But a better way is to, what I call proactionary principle,
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但我觉得更好的办法是，我称它为先行动原则。
12:52
which is: You engage with technology.
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它是指你参与从事技术。
12:55
You try it out.
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你可以试试看。
12:57
You obviously do what the precautionary principle suggests,
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你明显做不干预原则建议的做法，
13:01
you try to anticipate it, but after anticipating it,
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你也可以试试先行动原则，当但你试过先行动原则后，
13:03
you constantly asses it,
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你会经常使用它，
13:05
not just once, but eternally.
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不仅仅一次，而是永远使用。
13:07
And when it diverts from what you want,
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但当技术偏离于你想要的技术时，
13:10
we prioritize risk, we evaluate not just
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我们优化风险，我们不只是评估
13:12
the new stuff, but the old stuff.
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新东西，还有老东西。
13:14
We fix it, but most importantly, we relocate it.
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我们解决问题，但最重要的是我们重组技术。
13:17
And what I mean by that is that
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我这指的是
13:19
we find a new job for it.
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我们给技术找到新的任务工作。
13:21
Nuclear energy, fission, is really bad idea
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用于军事目的的核能，核裂变
13:23
for bombs.
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是一个坏主意
13:25
But it may be a pretty good idea
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当是这技术可能是一个绝好的点子，只要我们重新
13:27
relocated into sustainable nuclear energy
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应用它到可持续发展核能源
13:30
for electricity, instead of burning coal.
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用来生电而代替火力生电。
13:33
When we have a bad idea, the response to a bad idea
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当我们有一个坏主意，对这坏主意的反应
13:36
is not no ideas, it's not to stop thinking.
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不是这主意，也不是要停下来思考。
13:39
The response to a bad idea --
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而是对此反应
13:41
like, say, a tungsten light bulb --
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就像这个钨灯泡的例子，
13:44
is a better idea. OK?
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它会变成一个好主意，对吧？
13:46
So, better ideas is really -- always the response
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所以，好主意通常是
13:50
to technology that we don't like
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那些我们不喜欢的技术
13:51
is basically, better technology.
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事实上它们的确是比较好的技术。
13:54
And actually, in a certain sense, technology
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事实上，在某种意义上，技术
13:56
is a kind of a method for generating better ideas,
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是一种集合最好点子的方法，
13:59
if you can think about it that way.
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如果你可以向那样思考的话。
14:01
So, maybe spraying DDT on crops is a really bad idea.
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所以，也许对农作物喷洒滴滴涕是一个非常糟糕的主意。
14:04
But DDT sprayed on local homes,
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但是滴滴涕喷洒到当地家庭，
14:07
there's nothing better to eliminate malaria,
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此外，昆虫滴滴涕浸渍蚊帐
14:10
besides insect DDT-impregnated mosquito nets.
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是最好消除疟疾的方法
14:14
But that's a really good idea; that's a good job for technology.
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这的确是一个好主意。技术做得非常好例子。
14:17
So, our job as humans is to
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所以我们人类的工作是
14:19
parent our mind children,
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正确的担当好技术的父母
14:21
to find them good friends,
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给他们找到好朋友，
14:23
to find them a good job.
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以及合适的工作
14:25
And so, every technology is sort of a creative force
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那么，每一种技术都是创造力
14:27
looking for the right job.
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只需要找到合适的角色。
14:29
That's actually my son, right here.
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这实际上是我的儿子，就在这儿。
14:31
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
14:32
There are no bad technologies,
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没有坏的技术。
14:35
just as there are no bad children.
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正如没有坏孩子一样。
14:37
We don't say children are neutral, children are positive.
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我们不会说孩子是中性的，或者孩子是阳性的。
14:39
We just have to find them the right place.
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我们只是要找到他们的合适位置。
14:42
And so, what technology gives us,
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所以，技术带给我们的，
14:45
over the long term, over the sort of
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从长期
14:47
extended evolution -- from the beginning of time,
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以延伸进化演变来看
14:49
through the invention of the plants and animals,
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到植物和动物进化，
14:53
and the evolution of life, the evolution of brains --
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生命的进化，大脑的进化，
14:56
what that is constantly giving us
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技术常常带给我们的，
14:58
is increasing differences:
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是不断变化的差异。
15:00
It's increasing diversity, it's increasing options,
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技术多样性的增加，选择性面广，
15:02
it's increasing choices, opportunities,
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不同选择，机会，
15:04
possibilities and freedoms.
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可能性和自由的的增加。
15:06
That's what we get from technology
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这些就是我们一直得到的技术。
15:09
all the time. That's why people leave villages
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这也是为什么人类离开村庄，
15:11
and go into cities, is because they are always
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奔向城市，因为人们经常受到
15:13
gravitating towards increased choices and possibilities.
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各种选择和可能发生的事情的吸引。
15:17
And we are aware of the price.
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我们也要意识到代价。
15:20
We pay a price for that, but we are aware of it, and generally
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我们会付出一些代价，我们已经意识到这一点，通常
15:22
we will pay the price for increased freedoms,
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我们将为此付出更多的自由，
15:24
choices and opportunities.
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选择和机会的代价。
15:27
Even technology wants clean water.
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尽管技术想要干净的水。
15:30
Is technology diametrically opposed
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技术和自然是截然相反的
15:32
to nature?
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吗？
15:34
Because technology is an extension of life,
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因为技术是生命的延伸，
15:37
it's in parallel and aligned with the same things
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它是与生命想要的同样事情平行的
15:39
that life wants.
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并协同一致
15:42
So that I think technology loves biology,
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所以我认为技术热爱生物生命体，
15:44
if we allow it to.
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如果我们也认同这一点。
15:46
Great movement that is starting billions of years ago
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数十亿年前开始的伟大技术变化，
15:50
is moving through us and it continues to go,
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正在我们身边运动，并继续发展。
15:52
and our choice, so to speak,
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换句话说，在技术上，我们的选择
15:55
in technology, is really to align ourselves
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是我们人类
15:57
with this force much greater than ourselves.
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随着这种比我们自己强大得多的力量协调一致。
15:59
So, technology is more than just the stuff in your pocket.
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所以，技术不仅仅是在你的口袋里的东西，
16:02
It's more than just gadgets; it's more than just things that people invent.
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更多小工具，人们发明的东西，
16:05
It's actually part of a very long story,
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而它实际上是一个很长远故事，
16:08
a great story, that began billions of years ago.
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一个数十亿年前就开始的伟大故事的一部分，
16:11
And it's moving through us, this self-organization,
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这种自我组织技术正朝我们走来。
16:13
and we're extending and accelerating it,
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我们正在扩大并加速技术发展。
16:15
and we can be part of it by aligning the technology
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而且我们可以协调一致发明技术和应用它
16:17
that we make with it.
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成为它的一部分
16:19
I really appreciate your attention today. Thank you.
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非常感激你们今天的关注。谢谢
16:23
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kevin Kelly - Digital visionaryThere may be no one better to contemplate the meaning of cultural change than Kevin Kelly, whose life story reads like a treatise on the value and impacts of technology.
Why you should listen
Kelly has been publisher of the Whole Earth Review, executive editor at Wired magazine (which he co-founded, and where he now holds the title of Senior Maverick), founder of visionary nonprofits and writer on biology, business and “cool tools.” He’s renounced all material things save his bicycle (which he then rode 3,000 miles), founded an organization (the All-Species Foundation) to catalog all life on Earth, championed projects that look 10,000 years into the future (at the Long Now Foundation), and more. He’s admired for his acute perspectives on technology and its relevance to history, biology and society. His new book, The Inevitable, just published, explores 12 technological forces that will shape our future.
Kevin Kelly | Speaker | TED.com