TED2017
Tomás Saraceno: Would you live in a floating city in the sky?
托馬斯沙拉賽諾: 你想要住在飄浮在空中的城市裡嗎？
Filmed:
Readability: 3.7
649,254 views
托馬斯沙拉賽諾這場令人驚奇的演說，讓科學與藝術間的界線變模糊了，他展示出一系列與空氣相關的雕塑及裝置，設計來迎接永續的新紀元：「空海」。懸在 22 公尺高空氣球雕塑中的雲般巨型遊樂場能夠環遊世界，且不用到一點點化石燃料，沙拉賽諾的作品邀請我們去探索我們脆弱人類及陸地生態系統的界線。
Tomás Saraceno - Artist
Tomás Saraceno invites us to consider the impossible, like spiders that play music or cities in the sky. Full bio
Tomás Saraceno invites us to consider the impossible, like spiders that play music or cities in the sky. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
This is my favorite place on earth,
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這是我在地球上最喜歡的地方，
00:15
Salar de Uyuni in Bolivia.
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玻利維亞的烏尤尼鹽灘。
00:19
And when it's covered
in a thin layer of water,
in a thin layer of water,
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當它被薄薄一層的水給覆蓋時，
00:22
it reflects the clouds.
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它能反映出雲。
00:23
There are days when you feel
as if you're floating among the clouds.
as if you're floating among the clouds.
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有些日子裡，你會覺得
你好像飄浮在雲中。
你好像飄浮在雲中。
00:28
But there are days
when the horizon disappears;
when the horizon disappears;
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但也有些日子，地平線會消失；
00:31
there's no longer a top or a bottom.
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不再有頂端或是底端，
00:33
You feel immersed in something bigger.
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你會感到自己浸沒到某種
更大的東西當中。
更大的東西當中。
00:38
It was there that one night
I woke up from a dream,
I woke up from a dream,
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有一天，我從夢中醒來，
00:42
and I saw that the stars
were also reflected on the water.
were also reflected on the water.
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我看到水面上也反映出星星。
00:46
And that wasn't a dream.
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那不是場夢。
00:47
It was as if you could walk
among the stars.
among the stars.
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那就像是你能在星星當中走路一樣。
00:50
With every step I took,
the stars reverberated under my feet.
the stars reverberated under my feet.
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我每踏出一步，
星星就在我腳下迴響。
星星就在我腳下迴響。
00:53
It was like I was floating in the universe
among clouds of galaxies.
among clouds of galaxies.
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就像飄浮在宇宙銀河的雲中。
00:59
But what's floating there today
are not just clouds of galaxies
are not just clouds of galaxies
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但現今在那兒飄浮的
不僅是銀河的雲，
不僅是銀河的雲，
01:03
but also clouds of plastic.
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還有塑膠的雲。
01:05
These are the footprints
we're leaving on the planet.
we're leaving on the planet.
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這些是我們留在地球上的足跡。
01:08
They're signs of an era
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它們象徵著一個時代，
01:11
in which the behavior of some humans
is making a global impact
is making a global impact
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在這個時代中，
一些人類的行為對我們的
一些人類的行為對我們的
01:15
on our ecosystems.
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生態系統產生全球性的衝擊。
01:18
This era is called the Anthropocene.
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這個時代稱為「人類世」。
01:21
There's also another type
of toxic clouds that float in the air,
of toxic clouds that float in the air,
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還有另一種毒雲飄浮在空中，
01:25
like the ones that form
from carbon dioxide emissions
from carbon dioxide emissions
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像這些，是來自二氧化碳排放、
01:27
and from the burning of fossil fuels --
oil, carbon, gas --
oil, carbon, gas --
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來自燃燒化石燃料：
石油、碳、天然氣，
石油、碳、天然氣，
01:31
clouds that, when we see them,
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我們看見的這些雲，
01:33
pollute our dreams.
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在污染我們的夢。
01:36
I don't know about all of you,
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我不知道你們如何，
01:37
but I've always dreamed of floating
among the clouds.
among the clouds.
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但我總是夢想能飄浮在雲中。
01:40
Maybe today we can imagine together
other types of clouds,
other types of clouds,
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也許今天我們可以
一起來想像不同類型的雲，
一起來想像不同類型的雲，
01:44
clouds we can live with.
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我們能居住在其中的雲。
01:46
If you're wondering
about that photo, I'll explain:
about that photo, I'll explain:
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若你想了解那張照片，讓我解釋：
01:49
it looks like a collage
or photomontage -- something weird.
or photomontage -- something weird.
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它像是拼貼畫或合成照──蠻怪的。
01:52
No; it's reality.
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但不是；它是現實。
01:53
But sometimes I ask myself:
What is reality?
What is reality?
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但有時我會自問：什麼是現實？
01:56
According to Alexander Kluge:
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根據亞歷山大克魯格的說法：
01:57
"Human beings are not
interested in reality.
interested in reality.
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人類對現實不感興趣。
02:00
They can’t be; it’s part
of the human essence.
of the human essence.
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他們辦不到；
那是人類本質的一部份。
那是人類本質的一部份。
02:03
They have desires.
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他們有慾望。
02:05
These desires are totally opposed
to any form of reality.
to any form of reality.
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這些慾望與現實完全相反。
02:09
They prefer to lie
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他們寧可要謊言，
02:11
than to become divorced
from their desires."
from their desires."
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也不要脫離他們的慾望。」
02:14
But how can we learn
to float among the clouds?
to float among the clouds?
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但我們要如何學會在雲間飄浮？
02:18
As an artist, I thought we could start
building a flying museum.
building a flying museum.
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身為藝術家，我想可從
建立飛行博物館開始。
建立飛行博物館開始。
02:24
You're probably wondering:
With plastic bags?
With plastic bags?
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你可能在想：用塑膠袋？
02:26
In 2007, with a community of people
all over the world,
all over the world,
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在 2007 年，配合一個
世界各地人們組成的社群，
世界各地人們組成的社群，
02:29
we began to collect used plastic bags --
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我們開始收集用過的塑膠袋──
02:32
not new ones.
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不是新的。
02:34
And we washed them,
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我們把塑膠袋清洗乾淨，
02:36
we cut them up,
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把它們切碎，
02:38
we glued them together,
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把它們黏在一起，
02:39
and we began to draw on them,
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在它們上面畫畫，
02:41
creating a huge canvas.
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創造出大型的畫布。
02:43
We made a collection of drawings,
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我們做了一系列的繪圖，
02:45
of personal stories
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內容有個人故事、
02:46
and of friendships.
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也有友誼。
02:48
And when you join them,
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當你把它們結合在一起，
02:50
bend them and fold them,
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將它們彎起來或折起來，
02:52
it creates a space full of air.
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就會創造出滿是空氣的空間。
02:54
When the sun comes up from the horizon,
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當太陽從地平線升起，
02:58
the museum rises up to the sky.
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博物館就會升上天際。
03:00
That's why we call it,
"The Aero-Solar Museum."
"The Aero-Solar Museum."
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這就是為何它叫做
「空中太陽能博物館」。
「空中太陽能博物館」。
03:02
And from this simple idea,
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從這個簡單的點子，
03:03
we learned how to float in the air
in a radically new way,
in a radically new way,
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我們學到了如何不用任何燃料就
03:06
without using any type of fuel.
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飄浮在空中的全新方式。
03:09
The difference in temperature
between the interior and the exterior
between the interior and the exterior
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內部和外部的溫差，
03:12
is what makes us rise up.
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能讓我們升起來。
03:14
That way,
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我們那樣做，
03:17
we don't use fossil fuels
or helium or hydrogen;
or helium or hydrogen;
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就不用化石燃料、氦氣、或氫氣；
03:21
we don't use solar panels
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我們不用太陽能板、
03:23
or batteries or motors.
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電池、或馬達。
03:26
We discovered a way that's simple,
clean and accessible to the whole world
clean and accessible to the whole world
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我們發現的這個方法很簡單、
很乾淨、且能讓全世界
很乾淨、且能讓全世界
都可以使用來將我們自己升起來。
03:31
to lift ourselves up.
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03:32
I remember when I was at NASA in 2009
with 120 engineers.
with 120 engineers.
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記得 2009 年我在太空總署
與 120 個工程師合作。
與 120 個工程師合作。
03:38
You guys know, too,
when you go up in a plane,
when you go up in a plane,
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你們也知道，當進入一架飛機，
03:41
the control panels are gigantic.
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控制面板是很巨大的。
03:43
And what we're doing is really complex,
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我們所做的十分複雜，
03:46
and when I started coming in
with the plastic bags, saying,
with the plastic bags, saying,
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當我開始帶著塑膠袋進入，並說：
「但我們有種不同的方法……」
03:49
"But we have a different way ..."
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人們都很難了解那個概念。
03:51
people had a hard time
understanding the concept.
understanding the concept.
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見到了這個點子的強大力量，
03:53
Seeing the power of this idea,
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03:55
we started to initiate a new era;
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我們開始開創新時代；
03:57
one that would leave behind
the violence of the Anthropocene
the violence of the Anthropocene
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將人類世的暴力拋在身後，
04:00
and give way to a new era,
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讓路給新時代，
04:01
which we call the "Aerocene" --
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我們稱它為「空海」，
04:03
an era of ecological awareness,
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是個有生態意識的時代，
04:06
in which we learn to float together,
live together in the air,
live together in the air,
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在這個時代中，我們
一起飄浮，一起住在空中，
一起飄浮，一起住在空中，
04:09
and come to an ethical commitment
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對大氣及地球做出
04:11
with the atmosphere and with planet earth.
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道德倫理的承諾。
04:14
That's why I've brought
this backpack today.
this backpack today.
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這就是我今天帶這個背包來的原因。
04:16
Let's see ...
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我們來瞧瞧……
04:26
OK. This is a balloon
that we also refer to as a sculpture.
that we also refer to as a sculpture.
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好。這是個氣球，我們也稱為雕塑。
04:30
And if it's sunny out tomorrow,
we can go out and fly --
we can go out and fly --
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若明天外面是晴天，
我們就能出去飛翔──
我們就能出去飛翔──
04:33
though, no, the weather
in Vancouver isn't --
in Vancouver isn't --
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不過，溫哥華的天氣不行──
04:35
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
04:37
it's not very ...
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它並不是非常……
04:39
very favorable.
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非常適合。
04:41
So, what other features does it have?
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那它有什麼其他特徵？
04:43
It has sensors that, when it moves,
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它有感應器，當它移動時，
04:46
make sort of drawings in the air.
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會在空中產生一種繪圖。
04:49
It also has other sensors.
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它還有其他感應器。
04:50
I always think that first
you have to feel it,
you have to feel it,
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我總是認為，你得要先去感覺它，
04:52
and then you can measure it;
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接著你才能衡量它；
04:55
you need to hear the sounds
of the atmosphere,
of the atmosphere,
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你需要聽到大氣、氣候、
04:57
of the climate, of the hot air,
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熱空氣的聲音，
04:58
in order to then measure the ozone,
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才能衡量臭氧、
05:01
the carbon dioxide.
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二氧化碳。
05:02
We're developing these sensors
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我們與世界各地的
05:04
together with different communities
all over the world
all over the world
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社群一起開發這些感應器，
05:07
in order to reconnect with the climate,
the temperature and the environment,
the temperature and the environment,
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以將氣候、溫度、以及環境
重新連結在一起，
重新連結在一起，
05:10
because there are other
species in the air;
species in the air;
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因為在空中有其他物種；
05:13
in these excursions
towards the atmosphere,
towards the atmosphere,
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在這些朝向大氣的旅行中，
05:15
we're not alone.
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我們並不孤單。
05:16
The air is full of clouds of life.
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空氣中滿是生命。
05:18
We live at the bottom of an ocean of air.
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我們住在空氣海洋的海底。
05:21
And this same sculpture,
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這個雕塑，
05:24
this exact one in my hands,
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我手上的這個，
05:26
flew 375 miles -- 12 hours --
from Germany to Poland,
from Germany to Poland,
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花了 12 小時從德國
飛行 375 英哩到波蘭，
飛行 375 英哩到波蘭，
05:28
on a fuel-free trip.
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整趟旅程沒有用燃料。
05:30
But it wasn't free from crossing borders.
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但它無法自由穿越國界。
05:32
The trip was much more complicated
than what we imagined;
than what we imagined;
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這趟旅程比我們想像的還複雜；
05:35
air space is as regulated and militarized
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空中的空間也有管制區及軍事區，
05:37
as land space.
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和陸地一樣。
05:39
To fly using the winds,
the heat of the sun
the heat of the sun
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使用風、太陽的熱能、以及
05:41
and the radiant energy of the earth
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地球的輻射能來飛行
05:43
is complex and beautiful.
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是很複雜且美麗的。
05:45
But even more complex
will be getting the permits
will be getting the permits
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但更複雜的是，要向各個
05:48
to cross the air space
of each of the different countries
of each of the different countries
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我們靠風所飛經的國家，
05:51
that we fly over using wind.
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取得穿越領空的許可。
05:53
At COP21, the Paris Climate Conference,
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在 COP21，巴黎氣候大會，
05:57
we presented these spherical sculptures
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我們展示了這些球形的雕塑，
05:59
that could transport us
all over the world.
all over the world.
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它們能載我們前往世界各地。
06:02
But how can we fly using the wind
to arrive at our destination?
to arrive at our destination?
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但我們要如何能乘風飛行
到我們的目的地？
到我們的目的地？
06:06
Together with MIT, we developed a program
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我們和麻省理工學院合作
開發了一個程式，
開發了一個程式，
06:08
that predicts how we can navigate
the wind highways.
the wind highways.
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來預測我們如何在「風路」上航行。
06:11
For example, if I had to return
to Berlin from Vancouver,
to Berlin from Vancouver,
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比如，如果我要從溫哥華返回柏林，
06:15
the first thing I would need to do
is choose an altitude.
is choose an altitude.
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我要做的第一件事是要選擇高度。
06:18
At different altitudes,
there are different directions
there are different directions
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在不同的高度，會有不同的方向、
不同的速度。
06:21
and different speeds.
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06:24
The red line is tomorrow
and the orange, the day after tomorrow.
and the orange, the day after tomorrow.
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紅線是明天的狀況，橘線是後天。
06:27
And there it goes.
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就像這樣。
06:28
You can see, the best day
to fly back to Berlin --
to fly back to Berlin --
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可以看見，飛回柏林最好的日子──
06:32
so now, traveling using only wind --
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所以現在，只用風來飛行的話──
06:36
is in six days.
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要花六天。
06:37
And we can get to 105 miles
from the center of Berlin
from the center of Berlin
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我們可以到達距離柏林中心
105 英哩的地方，
105 英哩的地方，
06:40
without burning a single drop of fuel,
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完全用不到一滴燃料，
06:42
being transported only by wind currents.
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僅僅靠風的氣流來行駛。
06:45
So we thought that these trajectories
that we drew with the wind
that we drew with the wind
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於是我們心想，用風畫出的這些軌道
06:49
could become signatures, declaring
"Independence from Fossil Fuels Day."
"Independence from Fossil Fuels Day."
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可以變成宣告
「無化石燃料日」的簽名。
「無化石燃料日」的簽名。
06:54
More and more of us
are experiencing the air
are experiencing the air
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越來越多人開始以不同的方式
06:57
in a different way.
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體驗天空。
06:59
You're all familiar with Earth Day.
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你們都很熟悉地球日。
07:01
We think we should also celebrate Air Day:
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我認為我們也應該慶祝天空日。
07:04
it's a pact that we make with the earth,
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那是我們與地球訂下的契約，
07:06
an ethical commitment to the atmosphere.
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對大氣做出的道德承諾。
07:09
But let's keep thinking and dreaming.
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讓我們繼續思考和夢想。
07:11
We've learned that the bigger
the sculptures are,
the sculptures are,
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我們發現，雕塑越大，
07:16
the more weight they can lift.
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它能乘載的重量就越大。
07:18
Remember,
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記住，
07:20
they rise up only with hot air
that's been heated by the sun.
that's been heated by the sun.
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它們只有透過
被太陽加溫的空氣才能升起。
被太陽加溫的空氣才能升起。
07:26
Using this approach, we can learn
to build gardens in the air.
to build gardens in the air.
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用這個方式，我們可以
試著在空中建立花園。
試著在空中建立花園。
07:29
Could we one day live in a garden
the size of the earth?
the size of the earth?
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也許將來有一天我們能住在
和地球一樣大的花園中？
和地球一樣大的花園中？
07:33
Could we live in an ecosystem
floating among the clouds?
floating among the clouds?
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也許我們能住在飄浮
在雲間的生態系統中？
在雲間的生態系統中？
07:37
Answering these questions
isn't just a technological challenge;
isn't just a technological challenge;
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要回答這些問題，
並不只是技術上的挑戰；
並不只是技術上的挑戰；
07:41
it's a way to reexamine
the freedom of movement between countries,
the freedom of movement between countries,
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它是一種重新探討
國家間移動自由的方式，
國家間移動自由的方式，
07:46
and of overcoming the political,
social, cultural and military restrictions
social, cultural and military restrictions
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還要克服當代社會的
政治、社會、文化、
政治、社會、文化、
07:50
of contemporary societies.
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及軍事限制。
07:51
Because in the end,
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因為，到頭來，
07:53
the air belongs to everybody
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天空是屬於大家的，
07:55
and doesn't answer to any government.
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它不用對任何政府負責。
07:58
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
08:05
And like we said earlier,
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如我們先前所說的，
08:06
our imagination is the force
that allows us to create these places.
that allows us to create these places.
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讓我們能創造這些地方的力量，
是我們的想像力。
是我們的想像力。
08:10
This is an installation I did
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這是我做的裝置，
08:12
at the Metropolitan Museum
of Art in New York.
of Art in New York.
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放在紐約大都會博物館。
08:15
It asks the question:
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它問的問題是：
08:16
What might these transnational
spaces be like?
spaces be like?
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這些跨國的空間會是什麼樣子的？
08:19
And once we inhabit those spaces,
we need to learn how to move within them,
we need to learn how to move within them,
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一旦我們住進這些空間，
我們得要學會如何在裡面移動、
我們得要學會如何在裡面移動、
08:24
to walk among the clouds,
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如何在雲之間行走，
08:26
where every movement affects
everyone else's movements;
everyone else's movements;
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在這裡，每個動作都會
影響到其他人的動作；
影響到其他人的動作；
08:29
the body weight and proximity
between people
between people
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體重以及人與人的接近度
08:33
will cause the space to expand ...
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會造成空間擴張……
08:35
or contract.
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或收縮。
08:38
There we are, suspended
72 feet in the air.
72 feet in the air.
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我們懸在 72 英呎的空中。
08:41
When two or more people
get too close together,
get too close together,
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當兩個以上的人太過靠近時，
08:44
even those farthest away are affected --
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連在最遙遠的人也會被影響到──
08:48
everyone falls to the same spot.
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每個人都會落到同一個點。
08:50
These are fragile ecosystems.
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這些生態系統十分脆弱。
08:53
And it's between these spheres
that we build nets that connect us.
that we build nets that connect us.
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我們在這些球體之間
建立網絡來連結我們。
建立網絡來連結我們。
08:58
There are moments
when we have to face the void,
when we have to face the void,
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有些時候，我們會面對虛空，
09:01
and fear can paralyze us.
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恐懼能夠癱瘓我們。
09:04
One of the most beautiful things
about this exhibit
about this exhibit
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這項展示品最美麗的其中一點，
09:06
is the sense of solidarity generated
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是當我們面對這些新的
09:08
when we face these new "aero-graphs."
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「空圖」時所產生出來的團結感。
09:11
Finally,
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最後，
09:13
let me tell you one last story.
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讓我告訴各位最後一個故事。
09:15
On July 16, 1945,
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1945 年 7 月16 日，
09:17
on the White Sands of New Mexico,
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在新墨西哥的白沙，
09:19
an atomic bomb was detonated
for the first time.
for the first time.
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原子彈被第一次引爆了。
09:23
As a result of this explosion,
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這場爆炸結果造成
09:25
a cloud of radioactive particles
disseminated all over the earth,
disseminated all over the earth,
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輻射粒子雲散佈全球，
09:29
marking the beginning
of the Anthropocene era.
of the Anthropocene era.
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這就是人類世的開始。
09:33
Seventy years later, on November 8, 2015,
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七十年後，2015 年 11 月 8 日，
09:36
in the same place,
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在同一地點，
09:38
another event occurred.
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發生了另一件事。
09:40
For the first time in history,
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史上第一次，
09:42
we lifted a person into the air
using only the sun,
using only the sun,
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我們只靠太陽，
就把一個人升起到空中，
就把一個人升起到空中，
09:45
without burning any fossil fuels.
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完全沒有燃燒任何化石燃料。
09:48
As the sun rose up above the horizon,
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隨著太陽從地平線升起，
09:50
we rose up, too,
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我們也升起了，
09:52
silently,
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寧靜地，
09:54
slowly,
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緩慢地，
09:55
with no explosions.
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沒有任何爆炸。
09:56
We felt as if gravity had been inverted;
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我們覺得地心引力好像被反轉了；
10:00
it wasn't pulling us
toward the center of the earth,
toward the center of the earth,
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它不是把我們拉向地球的中心，
10:02
but toward the universe.
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而是拉向宇宙。
10:05
If Neil Armstrong said,
when he walked on the moon,
when he walked on the moon,
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如阿姆斯壯在月球上行走時說的：
10:08
"That's one small step for man,
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「我的一小步，
10:09
one giant leap for mankind,"
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是人類的一大步。」
10:12
perhaps what we ought to ask ourselves is:
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也許我們該問自己的問題是：
10:14
What steps do we need to take today?
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我們現今要踏出怎樣的一步？
10:17
In the Aerocene era,
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在空海時代，
10:19
our steps are much smaller,
but radically different;
but radically different;
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我們的步伐小很多，但非常不同；
10:24
they're steps that began with a bag
full of air and wishes,
full of air and wishes,
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這些步伐一開始時是
一個充滿空氣和希望的袋子，
一個充滿空氣和希望的袋子，
10:29
but that can carry us
to independence from fossil fuels
to independence from fossil fuels
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但它能讓我們不需要使用化石燃料，
10:33
and the opportunity to celebrate Air Day;
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給我們一個能慶祝天空日的機會；
10:35
steps that won't leave footprints
on other planets
on other planets
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這些步伐不會在
其他星球上留下足跡，
其他星球上留下足跡，
10:38
until we've learned to walk
in the atmosphere of this one.
in the atmosphere of this one.
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直到我們能學會在
這個星球的大氣中行走。
這個星球的大氣中行走。
10:42
The landscapes are tiny
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風景很小，
10:44
and the steps are tiny,
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步伐很小，
10:46
but I hope we can take them together.
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但我希望我們能攜手共進。
10:48
And I'm sure that these steps will lead us
much further than the moon,
much further than the moon,
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我十分確信，這些步伐能引領我們
到比月球更遠許多的地方，
到比月球更遠許多的地方，
10:52
so we can learn to float
with our feet on the ground.
with our feet on the ground.
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讓我們能學習雙腳站在地面上飄浮。
10:56
Thank you.
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謝謝。
10:57
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Tomás Saraceno - ArtistTomás Saraceno invites us to consider the impossible, like spiders that play music or cities in the sky.
Why you should listen
Tomás Saraceno’s oeuvre could be seen as an ongoing research informed by the worlds of art, architecture, natural sciences, astrophysics and engineering. His floating sculptures, community projects and interactive installations propose and explore new, sustainable ways of inhabiting and sensing the environment.
Aerocene, an open-source community project for artistic and scientific exploration initiated from Saraceno's vision, becomes buoyant only by the heat of the sun and infrared radiation from the surface of earth. In 2015, Saraceno achieved the world record for the first and longest certified fully-solar manned flight. During the past decade, he has initiated collaborations with renowned scientific institutions including the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Max Planck Institute, the Nanyang Technological University of Singapore, and institutions of the Exhibition Road Cultural Group, among them Imperial College and the Natural History Museum London.
Saraceno lectures in institutions worldwide and directed the Institute of Architecture-related Art (IAK) at Braunschweig University of Technology, Germany (2014–2016). He was the first person to scan, reconstruct and re-imagine spiders' weaved spatial habitats, and he possesses the only three-dimensional spider web collection to existence. He has held residencies at Centre National d’Études Spatiales (2014–2015), MIT Center for Art, Science & Technology (2012–ongoing) and Atelier Calder (2010), among others. In 2009, Saraceno attended the International Space Studies Program at NASA Ames. The same year he presented a major installation at the 53rd Venice Biennale, and was later awarded the prestigious Calder Prize. Saraceno's work is included in the collections of The Museum of Modern Art, New York; SFMOMA, San Francisco; Walker Art Center, Minneapolis; Nationalgalerie, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Berlin; among others.
Tomás Saraceno | Speaker | TED.com