TED2003
Rodney Brooks: Robots will invade our lives
Rodney Brooks 談論機器人將會進駐於我們的生活中
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在2003年的這場具有遠見的演講中，機器人專家 Rodney Brooks 談論了未來機器人將會如何在我們的生活中存在 -- 從玩具機器人到家事機器人以及其它更深入的方面。
Rodney Brooks - Roboticist
Rodney Brooks builds robots based on biological principles of movement and reasoning. The goal: a robot who can figure things out. Full bio
Rodney Brooks builds robots based on biological principles of movement and reasoning. The goal: a robot who can figure things out. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:18
What I want to tell you about today is how I see robots invading our lives
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今天我想告訴大家的是，我認為機器人將會以
00:23
at multiple levels, over multiple timescales.
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各種不同方式，不同時間進駐到我們的生活之中。
00:26
And when I look out in the future, I can't imagine a world, 500 years from now,
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當我估算未來時，我相信五百年後的世界，
00:30
where we don't have robots everywhere.
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到處都是機器人，
00:32
Assuming -- despite all the dire predictions from many people about our future --
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只是假設 -- 儘管有許多人對未來有悲觀的預測( 世界末日等 ) --
00:37
assuming we're still around, I can't imagine the world not being populated with robots.
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假設我們到時候還活著，我相信世界將會充斥著機器人。
00:41
And then the question is, well, if they're going to be here in 500 years,
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接下來的問題是，如果五百年後它們將會存在於世上，
00:44
are they going to be everywhere sooner than that?
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它們是否會更早出現呢?
00:46
Are they going to be around in 50 years?
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它們在未來五十年內是否會存在於我們的生活中呢?
00:48
Yeah, I think that's pretty likely -- there's going to be lots of robots everywhere.
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是的，我相信大概是如此 -- 到時候將會到處都有一堆機器人。
00:51
And in fact I think that's going to be a lot sooner than that.
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事實上我認為會更快就出現一堆機器人了。
00:54
I think we're sort of on the cusp of robots becoming common,
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我想我們正處在機器人普及化的開端了，
00:58
and I think we're sort of around 1978 or 1980 in personal computer years,
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在1978或1980年代，個人電腦剛出現的時候，
01:04
where the first few robots are starting to appear.
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一些初期的機器人就已經出現了。
01:07
Computers sort of came around through games and toys.
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電腦是從遊戲和玩具開始進入我們生活中的。
01:11
And you know, the first computer most people had in the house
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你知道嗎，一開始人們有電腦時
01:14
may have been a computer to play Pong,
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大概都是拿來玩 乒乓球 遊戲(最早的電玩)，
01:16
a little microprocessor embedded,
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裡面裝著小小的微處理器，
01:18
and then other games that came after that.
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之後其他遊戲才漸漸出來。
01:21
And we're starting to see that same sort of thing with robots:
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對於機器人來說，大概也會有類似的狀況：
01:24
LEGO Mindstorms, Furbies -- who here -- did anyone here have a Furby?
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樂高機器人套件中的互動機器人菲比 -- 這邊有沒有人擁有菲比?
01:28
Yeah, there's 38 million of them sold worldwide.
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全世界共賣出三千八百萬台。
01:31
They are pretty common. And they're a little tiny robot,
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它們很常見，它們是小小機器人，
01:33
a simple robot with some sensors,
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一個裝著許多感應器的簡易機器人。
01:35
a little bit of processing actuation.
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它能處理一些簡單的訊息。
01:37
On the right there is another robot doll, who you could get a couple of years ago.
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右邊是另一個幾年前就出現的機器娃娃。
01:40
And just as in the early days,
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如同較早之前一般，
01:42
when there was a lot of sort of amateur interaction over computers,
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當時有許多藉由電腦所進行的業餘互動模式，
01:47
you can now get various hacking kits, how-to-hack books.
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你可以找到很多修改工具以及如何修改的書。
01:51
And on the left there is a platform from Evolution Robotics,
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左邊是一個 Evolution Robotics 所做的工作平台，
01:55
where you put a PC on, and you program this thing with a GUI
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你可以將電腦接上去，然後藉由圖形化介面
01:58
to wander around your house and do various stuff.
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去設定讓它在家裡到處亂走或是做各種事情。
02:01
And then there's a higher price point sort of robot toys --
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這是一個價格較高的某種機器人玩具 --
02:04
the Sony Aibo. And on the right there, is one that the NEC developed,
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Sony 的 Aibo。在右邊的是 NEC 開發的 PaPeRo，
02:08
the PaPeRo, which I don't think they're going to release.
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雖然我本來不認為它會被推出。
02:11
But nevertheless, those sorts of things are out there.
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然而，這類型的東西已經出現了。
02:14
And we've seen, over the last two or three years, lawn-mowing robots,
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在過去兩三年之間，我們看見了割草機器人的出現，
02:18
Husqvarna on the bottom, Friendly Robotics on top there, an Israeli company.
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上面是 Husqvarna 公司製造的，下面則是 以色列 Friendly Robotics 公司所推出的。
02:24
And then in the last 12 months or so
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而在過去十二個月左右的時間，
02:26
we've started to see a bunch of home-cleaning robots appear.
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我們開始看見許多家用清潔機器人的出現。
02:30
The top left one is a very nice home-cleaning robot
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左上角的是一個很棒的家用清潔機器人，
02:33
from a company called Dyson, in the U.K. Except it was so expensive --
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由英國的一家Dyson公司製造。不過它很貴 --
02:37
3,500 dollars -- they didn't release it.
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要價三千五百美金 -- 他們並沒有販賣它。
02:39
But at the bottom left, you see Electrolux, which is on sale.
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左下角是Electrolux，這個就有在販賣。
02:42
Another one from Karcher.
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另一個是Karcher公司做的。
02:44
At the bottom right is one that I built in my lab
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右下角這個是大約十年前
02:46
about 10 years ago, and we finally turned that into a product.
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我在實驗室裡做出來的，我們後來終於把它變成商品。
02:49
And let me just show you that.
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讓我展示一下這個。
02:51
We're going to give this away I think, Chris said, after the talk.
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我想 Chris 有說，在演講之後我們會把它送出去。
02:55
This is a robot that you can go out and buy, and that will clean up your floor.
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這是一具你可以買到的機器人, 它會幫你清掃地板。
03:05
And it starts off sort of just going around in ever-increasing circles.
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然後它開始到處用繞圈的方式移動。
03:10
If it hits something -- you people see that?
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如果它撞到東西 -- 你看見了嗎？
03:14
Now it's doing wall-following, it's following around my feet
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它開始沿著牆壁前進，它正沿著我的腳
03:17
to clean up around me. Let's see, let's --
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進行清掃。讓我們看看 --
03:21
oh, who stole my Rice Krispies? They stole my Rice Krispies!
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喔，誰偷了我的爆米香?它們偷了我的爆米香。
03:26
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
03:32
Don't worry, relax, no, relax, it's a robot, it's smart!
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別擔心，放輕鬆，它是一個機器人，它很聰明。
03:35
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
03:38
See, the three-year-old kids, they don't worry about it.
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看，三歲的小孩都不會擔心。
03:42
It's grown-ups that get really upset.
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大人反而會覺得不安。
03:44
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
03:45
We'll just put some crap here.
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先在這裡放一些垃圾。
03:47
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
03:51
Okay.
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好吧。
03:53
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
03:57
I don't know if you see -- so, I put a bunch of Rice Krispies there,
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不知道你們有沒有看見 -- 所以我在這邊放一些爆米香，
04:00
I put some pennies, let's just shoot it at that, see if it cleans up.
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在放幾塊錢，看看它會不會清理乾淨。
04:10
Yeah, OK. So --
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耶，它做到了。所以 --
04:12
we'll leave that for later.
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我們先讓它待在那兒一下。
04:16
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
04:22
Part of the trick was building a better cleaning mechanism, actually;
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這些小技巧讓清潔機器人變得更好，
04:26
the intelligence on board was fairly simple.
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事實上，寫在電路板的人工智能相當簡單。
04:30
And that's true with a lot of robots.
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對於很多機器人來說都是如此。
04:32
We've all, I think, become, sort of computational chauvinists,
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我想我們都變成了某種計算機的沙文主義者，
04:36
and think that computation is everything,
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認為運算就是一切，
04:38
but the mechanics still matter.
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但是機構仍然是重要的一件事。
04:40
Here's another robot, the PackBot,
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這是另一個機器人，PackBot，
04:43
that we've been building for a bunch of years.
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我們花了幾年的時間去製造它。
04:45
It's a military surveillance robot, to go in ahead of troops --
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它是軍事偵測機器人，總是走在部隊前方，
04:51
looking at caves, for instance.
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去進行例如洞穴內偵查的任務。
04:54
But we had to make it fairly robust,
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但是我們必須讓它變成更加強壯，
04:56
much more robust than the robots we build in our labs.
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比我們實驗室中其他機器人都更加強壯。
05:03
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
05:12
On board that robot is a PC running Linux.
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機器人內部裝置的電腦使用 Linux 系統。
05:16
It can withstand a 400G shock. The robot has local intelligence:
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它可以承受 400G 的震盪。這個機器人擁有局部智能：
05:22
it can flip itself over, can get itself into communication range,
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它能夠將自己翻轉過來，讓自己抵達通訊範圍內，
05:28
can go upstairs by itself, et cetera.
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可以自己爬上樓之類的。
05:38
Okay, so it's doing local navigation there.
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好，它正在區域探索。
05:42
A soldier gives it a command to go upstairs, and it does.
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一個士兵給它上樓的指令，它也照做了。
05:49
That was not a controlled descent.
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那不是命令控制叫它摔下去的。
05:52
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
05:54
Now it's going to head off.
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現在它準備繞到前面去。
05:56
And the big breakthrough for these robots, really, was September 11th.
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這些機器人在911那天有了重大進展。
06:01
We had the robots down at the World Trade Center late that evening.
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當晚我們將這些機器人置放於世界貿易中心。
06:06
Couldn't do a lot in the main rubble pile,
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在主要的碎石堆中無法做什麼事，
06:08
things were just too -- there was nothing left to do.
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狀況太糟糕，已經沒什麼能做的。
06:11
But we did go into all the surrounding buildings that had been evacuated,
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但是我們進入了周圍已經被淨空的大樓，
06:16
and searched for possible survivors in the buildings
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在那些因為太危險而無法進入的大樓中，
06:19
that were too dangerous to go into.
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找尋可能的生還者。
06:21
Let's run this video.
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我們來播放這段影片。
06:23
Reporter: ...battlefield companions are helping to reduce the combat risks.
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播報員：戰場幫手正在協助降低人們救援的風險。
06:26
Nick Robertson has that story.
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請 Nick Robertson 告訴我們現場狀況
06:31
Rodney Brooks: Can we have another one of these?
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Nick Robertson：能不能再拿一台來？
06:38
Okay, good.
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好的，太好了。
06:43
So, this is a corporal who had seen a robot two weeks previously.
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這是兩個禮拜前那台機器人的殘骸。
06:48
He's sending robots into caves, looking at what's going on.
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他將機器人們派遣至洞穴中勘查狀況。
06:52
The robot's being totally autonomous.
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這些機器人是全自動運作的。
06:54
The worst thing that's happened in the cave so far
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目前最糟的狀況是其中一台機器人
06:58
was one of the robots fell down ten meters.
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在洞穴中跌入了十公尺的地方。
07:08
So one year ago, the US military didn't have these robots.
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在一年前，美軍還沒有這些機器人。
07:11
Now they're on active duty in Afghanistan every day.
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而現在他們每天都在阿富汗執行任務。
07:13
And that's one of the reasons they say a robot invasion is happening.
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這是他們說機器人正在進駐的其中一個原因。
07:16
There's a sea change happening in how -- where technology's going.
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目前科技的進展有著巨大的改變。
07:20
Thanks.
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謝謝。
07:23
And over the next couple of months,
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在未來幾個月內，
07:25
we're going to be sending robots in production
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我們將會把這些機器人送往生產原油的油井之下，
07:28
down producing oil wells to get that last few years of oil out of the ground.
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去將可以使用好幾年的原油運送出來。
07:32
Very hostile environments, 150˚ C, 10,000 PSI.
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在150度C、一萬psi的嚴酷環境下。
07:36
Autonomous robots going down, doing this sort of work.
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自主機器人將進入下方，進行這類工作。
07:40
But robots like this, they're a little hard to program.
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但這類型機器人的設計有點困難。
07:43
How, in the future, are we going to program our robots
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在未來，我們要如何去設計機器人，
07:45
and make them easier to use?
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該如何讓它們更容易被使用？
07:47
And I want to actually use a robot here --
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我想在這裡用一個機器人 --
07:50
a robot named Chris -- stand up. Yeah. Okay.
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這個機器人叫 Chris -- 站起來。對。很好。
07:57
Come over here. Now notice, he thinks robots have to be a bit stiff.
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過來這邊。請注意，他認為機器人應該有點僵硬。
08:01
He sort of does that. But I'm going to --
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他常這樣做。但是我將會 --
08:04
Chris Anderson: I'm just British. RB: Oh.
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Chris Anderson：我只是比較英式。RB：喔。
08:06
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
08:08
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
08:10
I'm going to show this robot a task. It's a very complex task.
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我將會指派一個任務給這個機器人。是一個很複雜的任務。
08:13
Now notice, he nodded there, he was giving me some indication
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請注意，他在點頭，他是在給我一些提示，
08:16
he was understanding the flow of communication.
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讓我知道他了解溝通的流程。
08:19
And if I'd said something completely bizarre
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如果我說了些奇怪的話，
08:21
he would have looked askance at me, and regulated the conversation.
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他會質疑的看著我，然後調整對話內容。
08:24
So now I brought this up in front of him.
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現在我把這個拿到他的前面。
08:27
I'd looked at his eyes, and I saw his eyes looked at this bottle top.
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我看著他的眼睛，我看見他看著瓶子的頂端。
08:31
And I'm doing this task here, and he's checking up.
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我在這裡指派任務，他正在確認中。
08:33
His eyes are going back and forth up to me, to see what I'm looking at --
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他的眼睛正在前後觀望，看看我正在看什麼，
08:36
so we've got shared attention.
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現在我們有了共同注意的東西。
08:38
And so I do this task, and he looks, and he looks to me
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我指派了這個任務，他正看著，然後看著我，
08:41
to see what's happening next. And now I'll give him the bottle,
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看看之後會發生什麼事。現在我將會把瓶子交給他，
08:45
and we'll see if he can do the task. Can you do that?
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然後看看他能不能完成這個任務。你能做到嗎？
08:47
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
08:50
Okay. He's pretty good. Yeah. Good, good, good.
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好的。他做得很好。對，很好很好。
08:54
I didn't show you how to do that.
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我並沒有告訴你怎麼做那件事。
08:56
Now see if you can put it back together.
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現在看看你能不能把他裝回去。
08:58
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
09:00
And he thinks a robot has to be really slow.
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他認為機器人必須相當緩慢。
09:01
Good robot, that's good.
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好機器人，很棒。
09:03
So we saw a bunch of things there.
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我們看了這兒的一些事情。
09:06
We saw when we're interacting,
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我們看見當我們互動時，
09:09
we're trying to show someone how to do something, we direct their visual attention.
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試著去讓某人知道如何做一件事，我們引導它們視覺上的注意。
09:13
The other thing communicates their internal state to us,
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另一件事是要讓它們內部狀態和我們進行溝通，
09:17
whether he's understanding or not, regulates a social interaction.
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是否它了解如何進行社交互動。
09:20
There was shared attention looking at the same sort of thing,
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這是在參與關注並看著同一個東西，
09:22
and recognizing socially communicated reinforcement at the end.
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最後去辨識社交訊息。
09:26
And we've been trying to put that into our lab robots
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我們試著將這個放進我們實驗室的機器人裡，
09:29
because we think this is how you're going to want to interact with robots in the future.
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因為我們認為這將會是未來讓你想要和機器人互動的方式。
09:33
I just want to show you one technical diagram here.
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我給大家看一張技術圖表。
09:35
The most important thing for building a robot that you can interact with socially
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要製造一台能夠和你社交性互動的機器人，
09:39
is its visual attention system.
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最重要的是它的視覺關注系統。
09:41
Because what it pays attention to is what it's seeing
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因為它注意的東西是它所看見，
09:44
and interacting with, and what you're understanding what it's doing.
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並且互動的東西，以及讓你了解它在做什麼。
09:47
So in the videos I'm about to show you,
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在接下來給大家看的這段影片中，
09:50
you're going to see a visual attention system on a robot
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你將會看見一個具有視覺關注系統的機器人，
09:54
which has -- it looks for skin tone in HSV space,
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其中有著 -- 它會在 HSV 區間中搜尋皮膚色澤，
09:58
so it works across all human colorings.
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它會掃過所有的東西，例如人的膚色。
10:02
It looks for highly saturated colors, from toys.
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它從玩具中搜尋高飽和度的顏色。
10:04
And it looks for things that move around.
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並且搜尋移動的物體。
10:06
And it weights those together into an attention window,
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它將這些放在關注視窗中進行衡量，
10:09
and it looks for the highest-scoring place --
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找出最高分的地方 -- 東西
10:11
the stuff where the most interesting stuff is happening --
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進行中的最有意思的東西。
10:13
and that is what its eyes then segue to.
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那就是它的眼睛的下個目標。
10:17
And it looks right at that.
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它盯著那東西看。
10:19
At the same time, some top-down sort of stuff:
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同時做出上下看的動作：
10:22
might decide that it's lonely and look for skin tone,
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可能會決定顯現它很寂寞，搜尋著皮膚色澤，
10:25
or might decide that it's bored and look for a toy to play with.
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或是決定顯現它很無聊，想找玩具來玩。
10:28
And so these weights change.
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這些衡量持續改變著。
10:30
And over here on the right,
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在右邊這個地方，
10:32
this is what we call the Steven Spielberg memorial module.
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有著我們稱為 Steven Spielberg 記憶模組的東西。
10:35
Did people see the movie "AI"? (Audience: Yes.)
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你們看過AI這部電影嗎？觀眾：有。
10:37
RB: Yeah, it was really bad, but --
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RB：嗯，那部片很爛，但是 --
10:39
remember, especially when Haley Joel Osment, the little robot,
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請記住，尤其是當Haley Joel Osment，那個小機器人，
10:43
looked at the blue fairy for 2,000 years without taking his eyes off it?
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看著那個藍色精靈2000年都沒有移開過視線？
10:47
Well, this gets rid of that,
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嗯，這可以解釋它，
10:49
because this is a habituation Gaussian that gets negative,
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因為這是高斯慣性變成了負值，
10:53
and more and more intense as it looks at one thing.
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於是當它看著某個東西時就變得更加強烈。
10:56
And it gets bored, so it will then look away at something else.
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當它覺得厭倦時，它將會轉頭去看別的東西。
10:59
So, once you've got that -- and here's a robot, here's Kismet,
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當你了解這點時，這兒是另一個機器人，Kismet，
11:03
looking around for a toy. You can tell what it's looking at.
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在四周尋找著玩具。你可以知道那是它正在看得東西。
11:07
You can estimate its gaze direction from those eyeballs covering its camera,
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你可以藉由眼球下覆蓋的攝影機來估算它的眼神方向，
11:12
and you can tell when it's actually seeing the toy.
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你可以知道它是不是看著玩具。
11:15
And it's got a little bit of an emotional response here.
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它有一點情緒性反應。
11:17
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
11:18
But it's still going to pay attention
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不過它仍然在注意著，
11:20
if something more significant comes into its field of view --
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是否有其它更重要的東西進入視線範圍內 --
11:24
such as Cynthia Breazeal, the builder of this robot, from the right.
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例如右邊的 Cynthia Breazeal，機器人的製造者。
11:28
It sees her, pays attention to her.
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它看見她，注意著她。
11:33
Kismet has an underlying, three-dimensional emotional space,
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Kismet 有一個內建的三維模式的情感區間，
11:37
a vector space, of where it is emotionally.
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一個向量區間用以讓它產生情緒。
11:40
And at different places in that space, it expresses --
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在區間中另一個地方讓它表達出 --
11:46
can we have the volume on here?
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我們可以把聲音打開嗎?
11:48
Can you hear that now, out there? (Audience: Yeah.)
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你們能聽見嗎? 觀眾：可以。
11:50
Kismet: Do you really think so? Do you really think so?
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Kismet：你真的這麼認為嗎？真的那麼認為嗎？
11:57
Do you really think so?
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你真的這麼認為嗎？
12:00
RB: So it's expressing its emotion through its face
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RB：它藉由臉部表情以及
12:03
and the prosody in its voice.
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聲音語調來表達它的情緒。
12:05
And when I was dealing with my robot over here,
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當我在那兒應付我的機器人時，
12:09
Chris, the robot, was measuring the prosody in my voice,
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這個機器人，Chris，正量測著我的聲音的語調，
12:12
and so we have the robot measure prosody for four basic messages
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如此我們的機器人能夠去量測語調，
12:17
that mothers give their children pre-linguistically.
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來了解四種母親們在小孩會說話前所使用的基本訊息。
12:21
Here we've got naive subjects praising the robot:
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這兒是用純真的內容來讚美機器人，
12:26
Voice: Nice robot.
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聲音：好機器人。
12:29
You're such a cute little robot.
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你是一個可愛的小機器人。
12:31
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
12:33
RB: And the robot's reacting appropriately.
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然後機器人的反應很恰當。
12:35
Voice: ...very good, Kismet.
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聲音：很棒，Kismet。
12:40
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
12:42
Voice: Look at my smile.
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聲音：看著我笑一個。
12:46
RB: It smiles. She imitates the smile. This happens a lot.
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RB：它笑了。她模仿著笑容。這常會發生。
12:49
These are naive subjects.
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這些純真的事件。
12:51
Here we asked them to get the robot's attention
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接著我們要求他們取得機器人的注意，
12:54
and indicate when they have the robot's attention.
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並且當他們取得機器人注意時給予提示。
12:57
Voice: Hey, Kismet, ah, there it is.
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聲音：嘿，Kismet，看這邊。
13:01
RB: So she realizes she has the robot's attention.
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RB：她發現她取得機器人的注意了。
13:08
Voice: Kismet, do you like the toy? Oh.
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聲音：Kismet，你喜歡這個玩具嗎？喔。
13:13
RB: Now, here they're asked to prohibit the robot,
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RB：現在，被要求去阻止機器人，
13:15
and this first woman really pushes the robot into an emotional corner.
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第一個女士已經將機器人推入情緒的角落。
13:19
Voice: No. No. You're not to do that. No.
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聲音：不行，你不可以那樣。不可以。
13:24
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
13:27
Not appropriate. No. No.
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聲音：不行，不可以。
13:33
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
13:36
RB: I'm going to leave it at that.
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RB：就先到這邊為止。
13:38
We put that together. Then we put in turn taking.
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我們將這些都放在一起，然後我們輸入輪流的觀念。
13:40
When we talk to someone, we talk.
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當我們和某人說時，我們說著話。
13:43
Then we sort of raise our eyebrows, move our eyes,
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然後，我們會揚起眉毛，移動眼睛，
13:47
give the other person the idea it's their turn to talk.
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告訴另一個人，該你說了。
13:50
And then they talk, and then we pass the baton back and forth between each other.
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然後就這樣一來一往的開始交談起來。
13:54
So we put this in the robot.
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於是我們將這個機制放進機器人中。
13:56
We got a bunch of naive subjects in,
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我們輸入許多常見的話題，
13:58
we didn't tell them anything about the robot,
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我們沒有告訴他們任何關於機器人的事，
14:00
sat them down in front of the robot and said, talk to the robot.
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讓他們坐在機器人面前和機器人聊天。
14:02
Now what they didn't know was,
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不過他們並不知道，
14:04
the robot wasn't understanding a word they said,
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機器人根本不知道他們再說什麼，
14:06
and that the robot wasn't speaking English.
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機器人也不會說英文。
14:09
It was just saying random English phonemes.
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它只是隨機說出英文的字句。
14:11
And I want you to watch carefully, at the beginning of this,
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請注意看一開始的狀況，
14:13
where this person, Ritchie, who happened to talk to the robot for 25 minutes --
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這位 Ritchie 一不小心就跟機器人聊了 25 分鐘 --
14:17
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
14:19
-- says, "I want to show you something.
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-- 他說，"我想讓你看樣東西。
14:21
I want to show you my watch."
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我讓你看我的手錶。"
14:23
And he brings the watch center, into the robot's field of vision,
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他把手錶的中心放進了機器人的視野之中，
14:28
points to it, gives it a motion cue,
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指著它，給機器人一個感覺的提示，
14:30
and the robot looks at the watch quite successfully.
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機器人成功地看著那支手錶。
14:32
We don't know whether he understood or not that the robot --
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我們不確定他是否知道這個機器人 --
14:36
Notice the turn-taking.
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注意的是輪流說話的時機。
14:38
Ritchie: OK, I want to show you something. OK, this is a watch
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Ritchie：好了，我要讓你看樣東西。嗯，這是一支手錶，
14:41
that my girlfriend gave me.
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我女朋友給我的。
14:44
Robot: Oh, cool.
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Robot：喔，真酷。
14:46
Ritchie: Yeah, look, it's got a little blue light in it too. I almost lost it this week.
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Ritchie：是啊，看，上面有微弱的藍光照明。我這裡拜差點把它搞丟了。
14:51
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
14:55
RB: So it's making eye contact with him, following his eyes.
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RB：它正在和他目光接觸，盯著他的眼睛看。
14:58
Ritchie: Can you do the same thing? Robot: Yeah, sure.
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Ritchie：你能做一樣的事嗎？機器人：是的，當然嚕。
15:00
RB: And they successfully have that sort of communication.
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RB：他們成功地進行著這類溝通。
15:02
And here's another aspect of the sorts of things that Chris and I were doing.
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接下來是類似我和 Chris 所做的事情。
15:06
This is another robot, Cog.
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這是另外一個機器人，Cog。
15:08
They first make eye contact, and then, when Christie looks over at this toy,
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他們一開始也是進行目光接觸，然後當 Christie 看著這個玩具，
15:14
the robot estimates her gaze direction
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機器人估算她目光的方向，
15:16
and looks at the same thing that she's looking at.
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然後看著她正在看的那個東西。
15:18
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
15:19
So we're going to see more and more of this sort of robot
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未來幾年中，我們將在這個實驗室
15:22
over the next few years in labs.
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製作出更多類似的機器人。
15:24
But then the big questions, two big questions that people ask me are:
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但之後的大問題是，兩個人們常問的問題是：
15:29
if we make these robots more and more human-like,
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如果我們製作出的機器人越來越像人，
15:31
will we accept them, will we -- will they need rights eventually?
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我們要尊重它們嗎？它們需要機器人權嗎？
15:36
And the other question people ask me is, will they want to take over?
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另一個人們常問的問題是，它們會取代我們嗎？
15:39
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
15:40
And on the first -- you know, this has been a very Hollywood theme
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首先 -- 你知道，這已經是好萊塢許多電影的內容了。
15:43
with lots of movies. You probably recognize these characters here --
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你大概能認得這些角色 --
15:46
where in each of these cases, the robots want more respect.
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這些例子中，機器人都希望能得到更多的尊重。
15:50
Well, do you ever need to give robots respect?
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你曾經需要給予機器人尊重嗎?
15:54
They're just machines, after all.
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它們只不過是機器啊。
15:56
But I think, you know, we have to accept that we are just machines.
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但是，我認為，我們必須接受，我們也只是機器。
16:00
After all, that's certainly what modern molecular biology says about us.
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畢竟，對許多現代分子生物學家來說，就是如此。
16:05
You don't see a description of how, you know,
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你不會看見任何說明來告訴你，
16:08
Molecule A, you know, comes up and docks with this other molecule.
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一個分子是怎麼和另一個分子結合在一起的。
16:12
And it's moving forward, you know, propelled by various charges,
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它會因為許多因素而移動，
16:15
and then the soul steps in and tweaks those molecules so that they connect.
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而靈魂介入之後，改變了這些分子的連結方式。
16:19
It's all mechanistic. We are mechanism.
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這些都符合機械原理，我們都是機械的機構。
16:22
If we are machines, then in principle at least,
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如果我們是機器，那麼理論上，
16:25
we should be able to build machines out of other stuff,
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我們應該能夠製造出
16:29
which are just as alive as we are.
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和我們一樣活生生的機器。
16:33
But I think for us to admit that,
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但如果我們讓它發生的話，
16:35
we have to give up on our special-ness, in a certain way.
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我們在某些方面必須放棄我們的獨特性。
16:38
And we've had the retreat from special-ness
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在過去至少幾百年中
16:40
under the barrage of science and technology many times
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科學與技術多次的衝擊下，
16:43
over the last few hundred years, at least.
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我們失去了獨特的特性。
16:45
500 years ago we had to give up the idea
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五百年前，當人們發現
16:47
that we are the center of the universe
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地球繞著太陽轉時，
16:50
when the earth started to go around the sun;
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才放棄了地球是宇宙中心的想法；
16:52
150 years ago, with Darwin, we had to give up the idea we were different from animals.
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一百五十年前，因為達爾文，我們放棄了自以為和動物不同的想法。
16:57
And to imagine -- you know, it's always hard for us.
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想想這個，對人們而言這是相當困難的。
17:00
Recently we've been battered with the idea that maybe
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近代的人們被，人類並不是獨立被創造出來的，
17:03
we didn't even have our own creation event, here on earth,
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這種觀念給擊垮了，雖然很多人不喜歡這說法。
17:05
which people didn't like much. And then the human genome said,
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而人類的基因顯示著，
17:08
maybe we only have 35,000 genes. And that was really --
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也許我們只有35000個基因。
17:11
people didn't like that, we've got more genes than that.
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這也是人們不喜歡的，我們應該要有更多基因吧。
17:14
We don't like to give up our special-ness, so, you know,
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我們不喜歡放棄我們的獨特性，
17:17
having the idea that robots could really have emotions,
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知道機器人也許能夠有情感，
17:19
or that robots could be living creatures --
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或是機器人能變成生物時 --
17:21
I think is going to be hard for us to accept.
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我想這種事很難讓人們接受。
17:23
But we're going to come to accept it over the next 50 years or so.
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但是在未來五十年或更久之後，我們將會接受它。
17:27
And the second question is, will the machines want to take over?
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第二個問題是，機器人是否會想要接管這一切？
17:30
And here the standard scenario is that we create these things,
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標準的劇情模式是，我們將會發明機器人，
17:35
they grow, we nurture them, they learn a lot from us,
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我們培育它們，它們從而學習到許多事情，
17:38
and then they start to decide that we're pretty boring, slow.
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接著將會覺得我們很無趣，很遲鈍。
17:42
They want to take over from us.
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它們想要取代我們。
17:44
And for those of you that have teenagers, you know what that's like.
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那些有叛逆期孩子的家長，應該很了解這種感覺。
17:47
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
17:48
But Hollywood extends it to the robots.
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好萊塢將這種劇情延伸到機器人上。
17:51
And the question is, you know,
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問題是，
17:54
will someone accidentally build a robot that takes over from us?
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會不會有人不小心做出一個能取代我們而主宰世界的機器人?
17:58
And that's sort of like this lone guy in the backyard,
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就像是某個在後院的寂寞男人，
18:01
you know -- "I accidentally built a 747."
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告訴你，"我不小心做出了一架波音747。"
18:04
I don't think that's going to happen.
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我不認為這會發生。
18:06
And I don't think --
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我不認為 --
18:08
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
18:09
-- I don't think we're going to deliberately build robots
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我不認為我們會故意去創造出
18:12
that we're uncomfortable with.
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讓我們不舒服的機器人。
18:14
We'll -- you know, they're not going to have a super bad robot.
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嗯 -- 你知道，不會有那種非常糟糕的機器人啦。
18:16
Before that has to come to be a mildly bad robot,
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在那之前會先出現稍微糟糕的機器人，
18:19
and before that a not so bad robot.
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在之前會出現不那麼糟糕的機器人。
18:21
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
18:22
And we're just not going to let it go that way.
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我們不會讓狀況惡化的。
18:24
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
18:25
So, I think I'm going to leave it at that: the robots are coming,
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所以我最後的結論是：機器人的時代即將來臨，
18:31
we don't have too much to worry about, it's going to be a lot of fun,
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大家不用擔心太多，那將會帶來很多樂趣，
18:34
and I hope you all enjoy the journey over the next 50 years.
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希望大家都能在未來五十年中享受這過程。
18:38
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Rodney Brooks - RoboticistRodney Brooks builds robots based on biological principles of movement and reasoning. The goal: a robot who can figure things out.
Why you should listen
Former MIT professor Rodney Brooks studies and engineers robot intelligence, looking for the holy grail of robotics: the AGI, or artificial general intelligence. For decades, we've been building robots to do highly specific tasks -- welding, riveting, delivering interoffice mail -- but what we all want, really, is a robot that can figure things out on its own, the way we humans do.
Brooks realized that a top-down approach -- just building the biggest brain possible and teaching it everything we could think of -- would never work. What would work is a robot who learns like we do, by trial and error, and with many separate parts that learn separate jobs. The thesis of his work which was captured in Fast, Cheap and Out of Control,went on to become the title of the great Errol Morris documentary.
A founder of iRobot, makers of the Roomba vacuum, Brooks is now founder and CTO of Rethink Robotics, whose mission is to apply advanced robotic intelligence to manufacturing and physical labor. Its first robots: the versatile two-armed Baxter and one-armed Sawyer. Brooks is the former director of CSAIL, MIT's Computers Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory.
Rodney Brooks | Speaker | TED.com