TED2004
Stewart Brand: The Long Now
史都華．布蘭德論萬年鐘
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史都華．布蘭德致力於萬年時鐘計畫 -一個能運行一萬年的時鐘 。這項富詩意的計畫，讓我們得以想得更遠，思考更遙遠的未來。在這場演講裡，他同時也提出了一個關鍵問題：該把萬年鐘置於何處呢？
Stewart Brand - Environmentalist, futurist
Since the counterculture '60s, Stewart Brand has been creating our internet-worked world. Now, with biotech accelerating four times faster than digital technology, Stewart Brand has a bold new plan ... Full bio
Since the counterculture '60s, Stewart Brand has been creating our internet-worked world. Now, with biotech accelerating four times faster than digital technology, Stewart Brand has a bold new plan ... Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Welcome to 10,000 feet.
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歡迎來到一萬英尺高的地方
00:15
Let me explain why we are here
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讓我解釋一下我們為什麼會在這兒
00:16
and why some of you have a pine cone close to you.
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還有為什麼有些人手邊有松果
00:20
Once upon a time, I did a book called "How Buildings Learn."
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我曾經寫過一本書，叫做 " 建築物如何學習."
00:23
Today's event you might call "How Mountains Teach."
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今天的演說則可以叫做 "山脈如何教導我們"
00:27
A little background: For 10 years I've been trying to figure out how to
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先介紹一點故事背景 : 過去十年來，我一直都在想辦法要如何
00:29
hack civilization so that we can get long-term thinking
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應付現代文明，好讓"長程思考"可以
00:34
to be automatic and common instead of difficult and rare --
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變得普及且自然，而不是像現在一樣鮮為人知且難以實現
00:38
or in some cases, non-existent.
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或在某些情況下，根本是不存在的
00:41
It would be helpful if humanity got into the habit of thinking
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如果人類可以習慣性地把當下想到
00:46
of the now not just as next week or next quarter, but you know,
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不只是下週、下一季，而是
00:50
next 10,000 years and the last 10,000 years --
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下一個一萬年，及之後的幾個一萬年
00:54
basically civilization's story so far.
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也就是迄今人類文明演進歷史
00:58
So we have the Long Now Foundation in San Francisco.
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所以我們在舊金山有永續基金會
01:00
It's an incubator for about a dozen projects,
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這基金會孕育、推動許多計劃
01:02
all having to do with continuity over the long term.
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每個計劃都和永續有關
01:06
Our core project is a rather ambitious folly --
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我們的核心計劃是蠻天馬行空的
01:11
I suppose, a mythic undertaking: to build a 10,000-year clock
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我想是有如登天般的艱鉅任務：建造萬年鐘
01:16
that can really keep good time for that long a period.
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真的可以走一萬年的時鐘
01:21
And the design problems of a project like that are just absolutely delicious.
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而這個計畫在設計上的問題就更有趣了
01:28
Go to the clock. And what we have here is something
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看一下這個時鐘
01:33
many of you saw here three years ago.
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有些人在三年前已經看過了
01:35
It's the first working prototype of the clock.
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這是我們做的第一個可以運行的萬年鐘原型
01:37
It's about nine feet high.
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差不多有2.7公尺高
01:38
Designed by Danny Hillis and Alexander Rose. It's presently in London,
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這是由丹尼希利斯和亞歷山大蘿絲設計，目前置於倫敦
01:43
and is ticking away very deliberately at the science museum there.
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在科學博物館裡安靜地滴答走著
01:47
So the design problem for today is going to be,
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所以現在設計上主要的難題是
01:51
how do you house an eventual monumental clock like this
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要怎樣安置一個像這樣不朽的鐘
01:55
so it can really tick, save time beautifully for 100 centuries?
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讓它可以安穩，精準地運行100個世紀之久
02:00
Well, this was the first solution.
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這是第一個方案
02:02
Alexander Rose came up with this idea
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亞歷山大蘿絲想出這個方法
02:04
of a spiraloid tower with continuous sloping ramps.
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造一個由數個斜坡形成螺旋狀的塔
02:09
And it looked like a way to go, until you start thinking
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這想法看起來似乎可行，但思考以後
02:11
about, what does deep time do to a building?
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建築物在時間的摧殘之下會有什麼結果呢?
02:14
Well, this is what deep time does to a building.
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這是一個例子
02:17
This is the Parthenon. It's only 2,450 years old,
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這是巴森農神殿，它才經過2450年而已
02:21
and look what happened to it.
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就變成這樣子
02:22
Here's a beautiful project. They really knew it'd last forever,
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這是個超棒的構思，他們知道這些石頭可以經過時間的考驗
02:25
because they'd build it out of absolutely huge stones.
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因為他們完全是用巨大的石塊所建的
02:29
And now it's a pathetic ruin and no one even knows what it was used for.
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可惜現在看起來像是廢墟一般，沒有人知道這當初的用途為何
02:32
That's what happens to buildings. They're vulnerable.
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建築物就是如此的脆弱
02:35
Even the most durable and intactable buildings,
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即使是最持久，堅固的建築物也是如此
02:38
like the pyramids of Giza, are in bad shape when you look up close.
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像吉薩金字塔，如果你靠近看，已經殘破不堪了
02:42
They've been looted inside and out.
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從裡到外都被劫空了
02:45
And they're built to protect things but they don't protect things.
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本來吉薩金字塔的功能 - "保護東西"- 已經失去了
02:48
So we got to thinking, if you can't put things safely in a building,
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所以我們要想，如果一個建築物都不能保護東西
02:52
where can you safely put them? We thought, OK, underground.
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哪裡可以呢? 後來我們想到，不如埋到地面下
02:55
How about underground with a view?
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裝一個可以透視的窗口
02:58
Underground in a place that's really solid.
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埋在一個非常堅實的地表之下
03:00
So the obvious answer was, we need a mountain.
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所以最好的答案，我們需要一座山
03:04
You don't want just any mountain.
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不是隨便的一座山
03:06
You need absolutely the right mountain
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而要合適的山
03:09
if you're going to have a clock for 10,000 years.
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只有那樣才能存放萬年鐘
03:11
So here's an image of the long view of the search problem.
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於是，我們又遇到了搜尋合適地點的問題
03:16
And we got to thinking for various reasons it ought to be a desert mountain,
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基於多方面的考量，我們認為必須是沙漠地帶的山
03:20
so we got looking in the dry areas of the Southwest.
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所以我們找到了美國西南地區
03:23
We looked at mesas in New Mexico.
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新墨西哥州的臺地
03:26
We were looking at dead volcanoes in Arizona.
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現在看到的是亞利桑那州的死火山
03:28
Then Roger Kennedy, who was the director of the National Parks Service,
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然後這個國家公園的負責人羅傑‧甘迺迪
03:31
led us to Eastern Nevada,
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帶我們到內華達東部
03:33
to America's newest and oldest national park,
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全美國最年輕也最古老的國家公園
03:36
which is called Great Basin National Park.
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－大盆地國家公園
03:40
It's right on the eastern border of Nevada.
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這個國家公園正好坐落在內華達州的東側的邊境上
03:43
It's the highest range in the state -- over 13,000 feet.
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是整個州最高的地方，將近快4000公尺高
03:47
And you'll notice that on the left, on the left, on the west, it's very steep,
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你會發現山的西側非常陡峭
03:51
and on the right it's gentle.
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東側則比較平緩
03:54
This place is remote. It's over 200 miles from any major city.
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這個地方非常偏遠，離任何一個周邊的大城市都有三百多公里
03:58
It's nowhere near any Interstate or railroad.
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旁邊也沒任何州際公路或是鐵路
04:01
And it's -- the only thing that goes by is what's called
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唯一有經過的道路是
04:05
America's loneliest highway, U.S. 50.
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US 50, 全美最淒涼的公路
04:09
Now, inside the yellow line here, on the right is -- that's all national park.
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在這黃線右邊的是國家公園
04:14
Inside the green line is national forest.
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在綠線裡的是國家森林區
04:17
And then over to the left is Bureau of Land Management land and some private land.
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左邊是國土管理局所有地及一些私有地
04:21
Now, as it happened, that two-mile-long strip right in the middle,
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剛好在這中間有個二英里的長條縱向地帶
04:24
this vertical, was available because it was private land.
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是我們可以使用的，因為不是國有地
04:30
And thanks to Jay Walker who was here and Mitch Kapor who was here,
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感謝傑·沃克和米奇·凱普那時在那邊的幫忙
04:34
who started the process, Long Now was able to get that two-mile-long strip of land.
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我們才有可能購買到這二英里的地
04:40
And now let's look at the grand truth of what's there.
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讓我們看看裡面有什麼吧
04:43
We're in Pole Canyon, looking west up the western escarpment
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我們現在在Pole峽谷，西眺華盛頓山脈的
04:47
of Mount Washington, which is 11,600 feet on top.
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西側懸崖，有3500多公尺之高
04:52
Those white cliffs are a dense Cambrian limestone.
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那些白色懸崖是由寒武紀石灰岩構成的
04:55
That's a 2,000-foot thick formation,
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有600公尺厚
04:58
and it might be a beautiful place to hide a clock.
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應該會是藏鐘的好地點
05:03
It would be a pilgrimage to get to it; it would be a serious hike
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只有像是朝聖的登山客才會來到這種地方
05:06
to get up to where the clock is.
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發現到萬年鐘
05:09
So last June, the Long Now board, some staff and some donors
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所以去年6月永續的董事會成員，職員、贊助者
05:14
and advisors, made a two-week expedition to the mountain
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以及一些顧問花了兩週在那考察
05:19
to explore it and investigate, one, if it's the right mountain,
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其一，想去調查看看這是不是合適的山
05:24
and two, if it's the right mountain, how it might actually work for us.
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其二，如果是的話，那該要如何的規劃
05:28
Now Danny Hillis sort of framed the problem.
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丹尼希利斯從另一個角度切入這個難題
05:31
He has a theory of how the overall clock experience should work.
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他有一套關於這個時鐘該怎麼運行的理論
05:34
It's what he calls the seven stages of a mythic adventure.
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他把它稱之為神秘的冒險，總共有7個階段
05:38
It starts with the image. The image is a picture you have in your mind
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第一個是圖像，就是你腦海中浮現的畫面
05:42
of the goal at the end of the journey.
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也就是在旅途終點你希望看到的目標
05:44
In this case it might well be an image of the clock.
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在這個例子裡，就是一個鐘的圖像
05:47
Then there's the point of embarkation, that is, the point of transition
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再來就是啟程，這是一個轉折點
05:51
from ordinary life to being a pilgrim on a quest.
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從一般的生活蛻變到一個朝聖的旅程
05:55
Then -- this is a nice image of it, there's the labyrinth.
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然後，這是一張不錯的圖像，這裡有一個迷宮
05:59
The labyrinth is a concept, it's like a twilight zone,
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這迷宮是個概念，有點像是一個幽暗地帶
06:03
it's a place where it's difficult, where you get disoriented,
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是一個複雜，會讓人在裡面迷路的地方
06:06
maybe you get scared -- but you have to go through it
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走進去一開始或許會害怕，但是得必須撐過去
06:09
if you're going to get to some kind of deep reintegration.
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如此才能抵達類似深層融合地帶
06:12
Then there should always be in sight the draw --
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然後視線之內應該要有一個像燈塔的東西
06:16
a kind of a beacon that draws you on through the labyrinth
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來引領你走過這個迷宮
06:19
to finish the process of getting there.
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來到達目的地
06:22
Now Brian Eno, who's been in the thick of the Long Now process,
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音樂人布萊恩·伊諾，他全程參與了這個永續計畫
06:25
spent two years making a C.D. called "January 7003,"
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花了兩年的時間製作一張專輯，『7003的一月
06:30
and it's "Bell Studies for the Clock of the Long Now."
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以及" 關於萬年鐘的貝爾研究."
06:33
Based on -- parts of it are based on an algorithm that Danny Hillis developed,
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其中一部份是根據丹尼希利斯的演算方法製成的
06:38
so that a peal of 10 bells
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所以10個鐘一組的編鐘
06:40
makes a different peal every day for 10,000 years.
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可以一萬年每天都發出不同的鐘聲
06:44
The Hillis algorithm. 10 factorial gives you that number.
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希利斯的演算方法, 透過10的階乘可以給你這個數字
06:48
And in fact, pretty soon we'll hear the sound.
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實際上，我們馬上就可以聽到聲音
06:51
January 7003. There it is.
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7003的一月，就是這個聲音
06:55
OK, back to Danny's list.
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我們回來到希利斯的7個階段
06:57
Number five of the seven is the payoff. This is it. The climax.
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第5個階段是修成正果的時候，就是這個高潮的時刻
07:01
The goal. The main thing that you're trying to get to.
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終於到達了你的努力的目標
07:05
And then Danny says a really great journey will have a secret payoff.
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後來希利斯說了，一個每一個偉大的旅程都會有一個外人不得而知的收穫
07:09
Something you didn't expect that caps what you did expect.
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一個你意想不到的收穫
07:13
Then there's the return.
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再下來的階段就是-回歸
07:15
You've got to have a gradual return to the ordinary world,
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你漸漸地必須從旅途回到一般的生活
07:18
so you have time to assimilate what you've learned.
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這樣才有時間慢慢體會這中間學到了些什麼
07:22
And then, how about a memento? Number seven.
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最後，第七個-留念
07:26
At the end of it there's something physical,
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再最後會有一些實質上的回饋
07:27
a kind of reward that you take away.
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那種你可以帶走的回饋
07:29
It might be a piece of a core drill of the mountain.
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或許是一個開山的鑽頭
07:31
Something that's just yours.
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或是一些你可以擁有的東西
07:34
How do you study a mountain
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要怎麼用剛剛我們講的東西
07:37
for the kinds of things we're talking about?
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來研究一座山脈呢?
07:39
This is not a normal building project.
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這並不是一般的建築策劃
07:41
What do you look for?
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目標是什麼?
07:42
What are the elements that will most affect your ideas and decisions?
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會有什麼因素來改變你的想法和決定呢?
07:48
Start with borders. If you look on the left side of the cliffs here,
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我們從山沿開始看起，如果你這峭壁的左側
07:51
that's national park. That's sacrosanct --
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是國家公園，沒法動的
07:53
you can't do anything with that. To the right of it is national forest.
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右邊是國家森林區
07:56
There's possibilities. The borders are important.
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是有可能，但在邊界上要很小心
07:59
Other elements were mines, weather, approaches and elevation.
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其他的因素還有-礦井、天氣、進去的難度和攀登的高度
08:07
And especially trees. Look at those things up on top there.
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還有特別是- 樹，我們看看上面
08:10
It turns out that Mount Washington is covered with bristlecone pines.
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後來我們發現在華盛頓山脈覆蓋了一層針毬松
08:14
They're the world's oldest living thing.
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這是全世界最老的生物
08:17
People think they're just the size of shrubs, but that's not actually true.
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大家會認會不就根一般的灌木大小一樣嗎? 但是這不對
08:22
There are trees on that mountain that are 5,000 years old and still living.
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上面有些針毬松活了超過5000年，而且還活著
08:29
The wood is so solid it's like stone, and it lasts for a long time.
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樹木跟石頭一樣硬，而且可以活很久
08:34
So when you do tree ring studies of trunks that are on the mountain,
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所以當你去上去研究樹輪年代時
08:38
some of them go back 10,000 years.
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你會發現有些甚至活了超過一萬年
08:41
The stone itself is absolutely beautiful,
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這"石頭"本身也非常漂亮
08:43
sculpted by millennia of very tough winters up there.
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經過了幾千年的風霜的雕塑
08:47
We had tree ring analysts from the University of Arizona
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我們有來自亞歷桑那大學的樹輪專家
08:50
join us on the expedition.
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加入我們的探勘隊
08:52
Now, if you guys have a pine cone handy,
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現在，如果你們手邊有松球
08:54
now's a good time to put it in your hand and feel it, especially on the end.
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現在正是時候可以放在手上，去感受它，特別是在尾端的地方
08:59
That's interesting.
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非常有趣地
09:01
You'll find out why it's called a bristlecone pine. A little sensory experience.
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你會非現在為什麼它們叫針毬松，可以感覺的到
09:07
Here's Danny Hillis in the midst of a bristlecone pine forest
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這張是在針毬松樹林裡的丹尼希利斯
09:12
on Long Now land. I should say that the age of bristlecones
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在永續基金會的領地上。我剛剛應該講，這個針毬松的年齡的算法
09:17
was discovered, led by a theory.
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是有一個理論的
09:20
Edmund Schulman in the 1950s
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艾德瑪舒曼在1950年代
09:22
had been studying trees under great stress at Timberline,
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研究在樹帶界線上的樹木(這些樹木承受比較大的壓力)
09:26
and came to the realization that he put in an article in Science magazine
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然後把他的研究成果發表在<科學>雜誌裡
09:29
called, "Longevity under Adversity in Conifers."
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叫做" 困境造就的長壽針葉樹"
09:35
And then, based on that principle, he started looking around
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然後，根據這個理論，他開始觀察
09:38
at the various trees at Timberline,
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其他也在樹帶界線上的的樹木
09:40
and realized that the bristlecone pines --
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然後才發現在懷特山脈的針毬松
09:42
he found some in the White Mountains that were over 4,000 years old.
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已經有4000多年的歷史了
09:47
Longevity under adversity is a pretty interesting design principle in its own right.
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困境造就的長壽本身也是很有趣的理論
09:52
OK, onto the mines. The first asking price for the property
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好，再來是礦井
09:56
when we looked at it in 1998 was one billion dollars for 180 acres and a couple of mines.
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我們1998年第一次看的時候，要價是十億元可以買180英畝及裡面的一些礦井
10:06
Because the owner said, "There's one billion dollars of beryllium in that mountain."
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因為賣方說" 山裡面有值十億元的鈹"
10:10
And we said, "Wow, that's great. Listen, we'll counter. How about zero?
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然後我們說"哇！太棒了。聽著，我們覺的不妥，可以免費給我們嗎?
10:15
(Laughter)
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(笑聲）
10:17
And we're a non-profit foundation, you can give us the property
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我們是非營利的組織，你可以給我們這塊地
10:21
and take a hell of a tax deduction.
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然後又可以拿來減稅
10:24
(Laughter)
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(笑聲）
10:27
All you have to do is prove to the government it's worth a billion dollars."
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你唯一要做的事就是像政府證明這山的確有價值十億元”
10:30
Well, a few years went by and there was some kind of back and forth,
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後來，我們討價還價了幾年後
10:32
and by and by, thanks to Mitch and Jay,
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也謝謝米奇和傑
10:34
we were able to buy the whole property for 140,000 dollars.
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我們終於用了14萬美金買了那塊地
10:39
This is one of the mines. It doesn't have any beryllium in it.
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這是其中一個礦井，裡面根本沒有鈹
10:43
It's called the Pole Adit. And it does have tungsten,
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叫做Pole Adit，但是有鎢礦
10:47
a little bit of tungsten, left over, that's the kind of mine it was.
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一些殘留的鎢礦，之前含有的礦就是這種
10:50
But it goes a mile-and-a-half in a straight line,
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但是這些鎢礦在直線一英里的深處
10:52
due east into the range, into very interesting territory -- except that,
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一直延伸到東邊一個非常奇特的地方
10:58
as you'll see when we go inside in a minute,
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你們馬上會看到
11:01
we were hoping for limestone but in there is just shale.
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我們本來想說會看到石灰岩，但是在裡面的卻是頁岩
11:05
And shale is not quite completely competent rock.
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頁岩並不是很堅硬的岩石
11:08
Competent rock is rock that will hold itself up without any shoring.
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堅硬的岩石不用任何支撐物就可以穩定在那
11:12
The shale would like some shoring,
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頁岩是要支撐物的
11:14
and so parts of it are caved in in there.
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所以頁岩的某些部份是陷在山壁裡面的
11:16
That's Ben Roberts from -- he's the bat specialist from the National Park.
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這是這個國家公園的蝙蝠專家－班羅伯茲
11:20
But there are many wonders back in there, like this weird fungus
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除此之外裡面還有很多奇景，像這些奇怪的真菌
11:24
on some of the collapsed timbers.
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就直接長在這些倒下的樹木上
11:26
OK, here's another mine that's up on top of the property,
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這是另一個礦井，在山頭上
11:30
and it dates back to 1870.
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可追朔到1870年
11:32
That's what the property was originally built around --
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這就一開始在這土地開發礦山的原因
11:34
it was a set of mining claims. It was a very productive silver mine.
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當時有非常豐富的銀礦
11:39
In fact, it was the highest-operating mine in Nevada,
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事實上，這是當時內華達州開採最盛的礦山
11:42
and it ran year round.
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全年無休
11:44
You can imagine what it was like in the winter at 10,000 feet.
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你可以想像當時在一萬英尺高採礦的情景
11:47
You may recognize a couple of the miners there.
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你們或許會認出一些礦工
11:50
There's Jeff Bezos on the right and Paul Saville on the left looking for galena,
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站在右邊的是傑夫貝佐斯，左邊的是保羅薩維爾，他們正在找方鉛礦
11:56
which is the lead-silver thing. They didn't find any.
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但是沒有找到
12:01
They both kept their day jobs. Here's the last mine.
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他們本身都有早上的工作，這是最後一個礦井
12:06
It's called the Bonanza Adit. It's down in a canyon.
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叫作- 豐收平坑，就在峽谷底
12:08
And Alexander Rose on the left there worked with a bunch of people
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站在左邊的亞歷山大羅斯，和一些來自這國家公園的人
12:12
from the National Park to survey the whole mine. It's a mile deep.
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一起探勘這整個礦井，有一英里深
12:15
And they also found four species of bats in there.
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他們還在裡面找到了四種不同種類的蝙蝠
12:18
Now, almost all those mines, by the way, meet underneath the mountain.
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幾乎所有的礦井在山的下面都是互通的
12:22
They don't quite, but it's something to think about.
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並不是很相通，但是滿值的思考的
12:25
They don't quite meet.
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並不是很相通
12:27
Let's go to weather. Mountains specialize in interesting weather.
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再來是-天氣，山上的天氣特別有趣
12:33
Way more interesting than Monterey even today.
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甚至比現在的蒙特雷有趣
12:36
And so one Tuesday morning last June, there we were.
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所以在去年六月的一個星期二 ，我們在那
12:39
Woke up in the morning -- the mountain was covered with snow.
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一早起來，整坐山蓋滿了雪
12:42
That was a great time to go up and visit our weather station which again,
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那是去我們的氣候站非常好的時間
12:46
thanks to Mitch Kapor, we're building up there.
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再一次感謝米奇·凱普，我們能在那建立氣象站
12:49
And it's a pretty interesting scene.
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這是一幅不錯的景像
12:52
This is, on the left there, the joyful lady is Pat Irwin,
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站在左邊非常開懐的女士- 帕特歐文
12:55
who's the regional head of the National Forest Service,
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他是這國家森林服務區的區域主管
12:58
and they gave us the temporary use permit to be there.
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她給了我們在那的短期的使用權
13:02
We want a temporary use permit for the clock, eventually --
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但最終我們要可以放置萬年鐘的許可
13:04
10,000-year temporary use permit.
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一萬年的”短期”使用權
13:06
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
13:08
The weather station's pretty interesting.
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這個氣象站非常有趣
13:10
Kurt Bollacker and Alexander Rose designed a radically wireless station.
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庫爾特伯拉克和亞歷山大羅斯設計了一個全新的無線氣象站
13:14
It runs on solar, and it sends a signal
with that antenna
with that antenna
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它是由太陽供電，然後再由這個天線發射訊號出去
13:17
and bounces it off of micrometeorite trails in the atmosphere
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撞到大氣層裡的微流星體再反射回來
13:23
to a place in Bozeman, Montana, where the data is taken down
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到蒙大拿州的波茲曼接收資料
13:27
and then sent through landlines to San Francisco,
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再透過線路送到舊金山
13:30
where we put the data in real time up on our website.
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我們可以同步的把資料上傳到網站上
13:34
And there you see a week of weather at 9,400 feet on Mount Washington.
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在這你可以看到9400英尺高的華盛頓山脈上一周的天氣
13:40
Let's go to approaches.
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接下來聊- 進去的途境
13:43
As it happens, there are no trails anywhere on Mount Washington,
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剛開始華盛頓山脈並沒有任何一個路徑
13:47
just a few old mining roads like this,
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只有一些以前採礦的路
13:49
so you have to bushwhack everywhere.
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所以必須在叢林中開路
13:50
But there's no bears, and there's no poison oak,
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但這並沒有熊、有毒的橡樹
13:54
and there's basically no people because this place has been empty for a long time.
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這裡基本上也沒有半個人，因為這地方已經空了很久了
14:00
You can hike for days and not encounter anybody.
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你可以登好幾天的山也不會遇到人
14:03
Well, here's a potential approach.
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這裡是一個有可能的路徑
14:05
You need to come up the Lincoln Canyon.
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必須先來到林肯峽谷
14:08
It's this beautiful world all of its own, surrounded by cliffs,
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這裡本身就是一個超漂亮的小天地，四周被峭壁環繞著
14:11
and it's an easy hike to stroll up the canyon bottom,
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可以很輕鬆走到峽谷底
14:15
until you get to this barrier, and it actually presents a problem.
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直接來到了這個地方，就會有個難題
14:22
So you can scratch Lincoln Canyon as an approach.
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所以基本上可以放棄林肯峽谷這個途徑
14:27
Another possible approach is right up the western front of the mountain.
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另一個有可能的途徑是從西側的山邊山去
14:30
You can see why we sometimes call it Long Mountain.
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你可以理解我們為什麼有時候又叫它長山脈
14:33
And from where you're standing at 6,000 feet in the valley,
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從你站在6000英里高山谷上
14:36
it's an easy hike up to the mature pinyon and juniper forest
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可以輕鬆地通過那7600英尺高的小圓丘
14:39
through that knoll at the front at 7,600 feet.
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徒步到矮松和檜柏林地帶
14:41
And you can carry right on up through meadows
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再繼續往上走通過草原地帶
14:44
and steepening forest to the high base of the cliffs at 10,500 feet,
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陡峭的森林，直到這個10500英尺懸崖的平台
14:49
where there's a bit of a problem.
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這裡又有問題了
14:52
Now, Jeff Bezos advised us when he left at the end of the expedition,
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傑夫貝佐斯在探勘結束時建議我們
14:57
"Make the clock inaccessible.
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"讓萬年鐘無法到達”
15:01
The harder it is to get to, the more people will value it."
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"越難到達的地方才會有人珍惜它"
15:05
And check -- those are 600-foot vertical walls there.
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看，這是600英尺高的牆壁
15:10
So Alexander Rose wanted to explore this route,
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亞歷山大羅斯想要試探這個路徑
15:15
and he started over here on the left from his pickup truck
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然後他從左邊這開始開他的小貨車
15:19
at 8,900 feet and headed up the mountain.
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在8900英尺他開始往山上開
15:22
Now, as you gain elevation your IQ goes down --
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你會發現，隨著海拔的升高，你的智商跟著降低
15:26
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
15:28
but your emotional affect goes up,
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但你的情緒也會隨之高漲
15:30
which is great for having a mythic experience,
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這對神秘之旅的經驗算是很棒的
15:33
whether you want to or not.
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無論你想不想要
15:35
In fact, Danny Hillis can estimate altitude
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事實上，丹尼希利斯可以透過
15:38
by how much math he can't do in his head.
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他能不能算數學來估計海拔高度
15:41
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
15:44
Now, I happened to be on the radio with Alexander
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那時候我剛好有和亞歷山大透過話機對到話
15:46
when he got to this point at the base of the cliffs, and he said, quote,
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當他到達了這懸崖的基部，他說 -
15:51
"There's a hidden notch. I think I can get up a ways."
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這裡有個隱型的切口，我想我可以想法子過去
15:56
Now, he's a rock climber, but you know, he's our executive director.
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他是一個攀登者，但你們知道，他也是我們的執行總監
16:00
I don't want him killed. I know he's going to love cliffs.
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我知道他很熱愛攀登，但我才不想讓他因此喪命
16:02
I'm saying, "Be careful, be careful, be careful."
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所以我說" 小心一點，要小心耶！"
16:05
Then he starts going up, and the next thing I hear is,
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然後他就開始往上爬，接下來我聽到的是
16:08
"I'm half-way up. It's like climbing stairs. I'm going up 60 degrees.
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" 我已經爬到一半了！跟爬樓梯一樣，我現在是60度往上爬,
16:14
It's a secret passage. It's like something from Tolkien."
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這裡有個秘密通道，跟托爾金的小說講的一樣”
16:18
And I'm going, "Careful, careful. Please be careful."
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我還是叫他" 小心、小心、請你小心一點呀！"
16:21
And then, of course, the next thing I hear is,
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當然，之後我再聽到的是
16:22
"I've made it to the top. You can see all of creation from up here."
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"我到終於到山頂了，你可以看到所有的造化的萬物啊!"
16:25
And he dashed across the top of the mountains.
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然後他在整個山頂狂奔了一陣子
16:28
In fact, there he is. That's Alexander Rose.
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這個就是他，亞歷山大羅斯
16:30
First ascent of the western face to Mount Washington,
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第一個從西側爬上華盛頓山脈的人
16:33
and a solo ascent at that.
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並且是獨立完成的
16:37
This discovery changed everything about our sense of these cliffs
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這個發現讓我們對這整個山脈有了不同的想法
16:40
and what to do with them.
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以及如何處置它
16:42
We realized that we had to name this thing that Alexander discovered.
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我們發現我們必須命名亞歷山大發現到的東西
16:46
How about Zander's Crevice? No.
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山大的裂縫? 不
16:50
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
16:54
So we finally decided on Alexander's Siq.
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我們最後決定命名為 "亞歷山大之狹縫"
16:57
Zander's Siq is named after -- some of you have been to Petra,
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山大的隙縫的來由是 --如果你們有到過佩特拉
17:00
there's this wonderful slot canyon that leads into Petra
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那裡有個非常漂亮的狹縫山谷，引領到佩特拉
17:04
called the Siq, and so this is the Siq.
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叫做”狹縫”
17:06
And it really is hidden. I can't find it in this image,
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這真的是隱藏的，我無法在這照片上找到
17:09
and I'm not sure you can.
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我也不認為你可以看的到
17:10
Only when you get fresh snow can you see just along the rim there,
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只有當剛下完雪的時候，在沿著縫的邊上
17:14
and that brings it out.
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會浮現出來
17:16
Now, Danny and I were up at this same area one day,
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有一天，我和丹尼爬山了同一個地方
17:18
and Danny looked over to the right
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丹尼看了右手邊
17:20
and noticed something halfway up the cliffs,
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發現在半山腰有個東西
17:23
which is a kind of a porch or a cliff shelf with bristlecones on it,
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有點像是一個突出來的平台，上面還有針毬松
17:27
and supposed that people going up to the clock inside the mountain
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設想看看，假如有人要去找藏在山裡的萬年鐘
17:31
could come out onto that shelf and look down at the view.
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可以從這個小平台走出來往下看
17:35
And the people toiling up the mountain could see them,
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那些跋山涉水的登山客可以從下面看到他們
17:38
these tiny little people up there, incredibly halfway up the cliff.
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納悶著竟然會有人爬到半山腰上了
17:41
How did they get there? Do I have to do that?
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會想著 "他們怎麼辦到的?","我要這麼做嗎?"
17:44
And so that maybe becomes part of the draw and part of the labyrinth.
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這或許會變成萬年鐘吸引力的一部份或迷宮的一部份
17:47
You can get another angle on Danny's porch
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你可以從另一個角度看丹尼發現的小平台
17:51
by going around to the south and looking north at the whole formation there.
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經由繞過南側向北眺望整個山景
17:58
And you need to know that Danny's clock is to be kept accurate
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必須要了解，萬年鐘要要維持非常精準
18:01
by a ray of sunshine, that perfect noon hitting it every sunny day,
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藉由日照、正午的曝曬
18:06
and the pulse of heat from that sets off a solar trigger
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再把產出出來的熱能啟動一個太陽能開關
18:09
which resets the clock to make it perfectly accurate.
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這個裝置就能重新效正時間，讓萬年鐘的時間非常準確
18:12
So even with the slowing of the rotation of the earth and so on,
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從所即便地球的自轉變慢了或有其他之類的是發生
18:14
the clock will keep perfectly good time.
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萬年鐘總是會維持正確的時間
18:17
So here we're looking from the south, look north.
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這是坐南朝北的照片
18:19
This is all Forest Service land. If you go up on top of those cliffs,
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這些全是森林管理區的領地，如果你爬到這懸崖上
18:23
that's some of the Long Now land in those trees.
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你會看到在那樹林裡有我們(永續基金會)的領地
18:26
And if you go up there and look back, then you'll get a sense of
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如果從上面往回看，你會有一種完全不同的感覺
18:31
what the view starts to be like from the top of the mountain.
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好似從最高的山頂看下去，一切都顯得渺小了
18:34
That's the long view. That's 80 miles to the horizon.
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這整個長距離的視野，到最後面的地平線有80英尺
18:38
And that's also timberline and those bristlecones really are shrubs.
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前面的剛好也是樹帶界線，這些針毬松確是是灌木
18:42
That's a different place to be. It's 11,400 feet and it's exquisite.
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那裡是完全不一樣的地方，高11400英尺，非常優美
18:50
Now, if you go over to the right from this image to looking at the edge of the cliffs,
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如果從這照片的右邊看下去
18:54
it's 600 foot, just about a yard to the left of Kurt Bollacker's foot,
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這有600英尺高，就在庫爾特伯拉克左邊一碼之遠處
18:58
there is a 600-foot drop. He's ambling on over to Zander's Siq.
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剛好垂直高度600英尺，他正漫步向"山大的狹縫”走過去
19:03
That's what it looks like looking down it.
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這是從上往下眺望的樣子
19:07
We should probably put in a rail or something.
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我們應該做些圍欄之類的東西
19:11
Over on the eastern side it's gentle, as you can see.
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東側相較之下確比較平緩，仔細看
19:15
And that's not snow -- that's what the white limestone looks like.
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那些並不是雪，白色的石灰岩長的就是這樣子
19:18
You also see there a bighorn sheep.
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你也可以看到這隻大角羊
19:22
Their herd was reintroduced from Wyoming.
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這一批是從懷俄明州引進來的
19:25
And they're doing pretty well, but they've got a bit of trouble.
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牠們過的其實還不錯，但是有遇到一點點的問題
19:28
This is Danny Hillis, and he's figuring out a design problem.
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這是丹尼希利斯，他正在想一個設計上的問題
19:31
he's trying to determine if where he is on a bit of Long Now land
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他在想他站的地方(永續)是不是
19:36
would appear from down in the valley to be the actual peak of the mountain.
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從山谷下看，會很像真的頂峰
19:42
because the real peak is hidden around the corner.
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因為真的頂峰在角落被埋住了
19:44
This is what in the infantry we used to call the military crest.
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這就是我們在步兵說的"軍事山脊"
19:48
And as it turned out the answer is, yes,
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而結果的確是希利斯想的
19:51
that is from down below in the valley it does look like the peak,
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就是從山谷下看會很像真的頂峰
19:55
and that might be conjured with.
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那只是錯覺而已
19:57
We gradually realized we have three serious design domains to work on with this.
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我們後來慢慢發現有三個設計上的範疇要考慮
20:02
One is the experience of the mountain.
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第一個是對山的體驗
20:04
Another is the experience in the mountain.
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第二個是在山裡面的體驗
20:07
And the third is the experience from the mountain,
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第三個是從山上看的體驗
20:10
which is really dominated by the view shed
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第三點主要由山谷下可看到的視野決定
20:13
of the spring valley there behind Danny,
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看，就在在丹尼的後面
20:17
and if you look off to the right, out there,
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如果你往右邊看，最遠端
20:19
15 miles across to the Schell Creek range.
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15英里遠處就是謝爾河山脈
20:23
In the front, there are 10 ranches strung right along the base of the mountains
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比較前面的地方呢，在山下有10個連在一塊的牧場
20:26
using the water from the mountains.
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利用山上的泉水
20:28
In fact, there are artesian wells where water springs right into the air.
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實際上，在那你還可以看到自流井，水自動從井裡噴出
20:33
One of the ranches is called the Kirkeby Ranch,
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其中一個牧場叫做 Kirkeby牧場
20:36
and I'll take you there for a minute.
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我馬上秀給你看
20:38
It's a very nice ranch.
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那是個非常漂亮的牧場
20:40
Alfalfa and cattle, run by Paul and Ronnie Brenham,
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紫花苜蓿和牛群，這是由保羅和羅尼布萊嫩經營的
20:45
and it's pretty idyllic. It's also hard work.
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很有田園風光之美，同時間他們也花很多精力在上面
20:50
And most of these ranches are having trouble keeping going.
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大部份這些牧場都經營不太下去
20:52
This is their view to the west of the Schell Creek range.
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這是從他們牧場這往謝爾河山脈的西側看過去
20:56
And if you go out to that line of trees at the far end,
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如果你走到最前面的樹林
20:59
you'll see what the valley used to look like.
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你會發現山谷以前的樣貌
21:03
This is Rocky Mountain junipers that have been there for thousands of years.
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這個是洛基山脈的檜木，已經在這裡有千年之久了
21:08
And a scheme emerged that Long Now is looking to see
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後來 永續基金會在想是否可以
21:11
if it might be possible to buy up the whole valley,
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想看看是否有可能買下這整個山谷
21:14
because those 10 ranches with their 17,000 acres
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因為那10個牧場以及他們17000英畝的地
21:18
dominate a 500 square mile valley with their grazing allotments and so on,
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含蓋了500平方英里的山谷以及其他牧場的草地等等
21:23
and there's a possibility that you could get the whole thing
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也的確有可能買下這整片土地
21:26
for five million dollars and gradually restore it to its wild condition,
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用五百萬買了，然後再慢慢的讓它回復到大自然的樣貌
21:30
and somewhere in the process turn it back over to the National Park,
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在這中間可以把他變成國家公園
21:34
and it would double the size of Great Basin National Park. That would be swell.
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藉此，大盆地國家公園就會有兩倍大，那就太棒了
21:38
OK, let's take one more look at the mountain itself.
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好，我們最再看一下這整坐山
21:41
The clock experience should be profound,
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這整個萬年鐘的經驗應該是很深奧的
21:45
but from the outside it should be invisible.
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但從外面應該看不出來
21:49
Now, at the base of the high cliffs there's this natural cave.
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在懸崖的下方有一個天然的洞穴
21:53
It's only about 12 feet deep, but what if it were deepened from inside?
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只有三點多公尺深，但如果在裡面再挖深呢?
21:57
You excavated from somewhere, came up from inside and deepened it.
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你從外面開始開鑿，挖到裡面後再從裡面往深處鑿
22:00
And then you could have an entrance
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之後就會有個入口
22:01
which was very rough and narrow as you first went in,
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一開始進去會很窄和困難
22:04
that gradually becomes more refined and then actually quite exquisite.
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但會越來越平順，甚至變得很精美
22:08
And this stone takes a perfect polish.
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這塊石頭可以是算是非常有品味的
22:11
You'd have a polished set of passages and chambers in there
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一開始會一條非常精美的通道和小洞穴
22:16
eventually leading to the 10,000 year clock.
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最終引領到萬年鐘
22:20
And it's not a mine. This would be a nuanced evocation
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這不是礦山，而只是
22:24
of the basic structure of the mountain,
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一個山脈的基本結構被喚起而已
22:27
and you would be appreciating it as much from inside as you do from outside.
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你不管從裡面或外面都會被這作山給震懾住
22:30
This is architecture not made by building,
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這並不是一般樓房的建築
22:33
but by what you very carefully take away.
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而是你仔細體會才能得到的
22:37
So that's what the mountain taught us.
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這是大山教我們的智慧
22:40
Most of the amazingness of the clock
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萬年鐘最驚人的地方就是
22:43
we can borrow from the amazingness of the mountain.
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我們可以得到這份驚奇
22:47
All we have to do is highlight its spectacular features and blend in with them.
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只要點綴出它驚奇之處，再與之相融
22:51
It's not a clock in a mountain -- it's a mountain clock.
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這並不是鐘在山裡面，而是-"萬年鐘"山
22:56
Now, the Tewa Indians in the Southwest have a saying
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特瓦族印第安人有句名言
22:58
for what you need to do when you want to think long term about anything.
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當你把每件事都以看遠方的態度來思考時
23:04
They say, "pin peya obe" -- welcome to the mountain.
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他們說 : pin peya obe ，歡迎來到山裡
23:11
Thank you.
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謝謝
23:13
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Stewart Brand - Environmentalist, futuristSince the counterculture '60s, Stewart Brand has been creating our internet-worked world. Now, with biotech accelerating four times faster than digital technology, Stewart Brand has a bold new plan ...
Why you should listen
With biotech accelerating four times faster than digital technology, the revival of extinct species is becoming possible. Stewart Brand plans to not only bring species back but restore them to the wild.
Brand is already a legend in the tech industry for things he’s created: the Whole Earth Catalog, The WELL, the Global Business Network, the Long Now Foundation, and the notion that “information wants to be free.” Now Brand, a lifelong environmentalist, wants to re-create -- or “de-extinct” -- a few animals that’ve disappeared from the planet.
Granted, resurrecting the woolly mammoth using ancient DNA may sound like mad science. But Brand’s Revive and Restore project has an entirely rational goal: to learn what causes extinctions so we can protect currently endangered species, preserve genetic and biological diversity, repair depleted ecosystems, and essentially “undo harm that humans have caused in the past.”
Stewart Brand | Speaker | TED.com