TED2004
Stewart Brand: The Long Now
Stewart Brand despre proiectul Long Now
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Stewart Brand construieste un ceas in cadrul proiectului Long Now, o piesa atemporala care sa marcheze timpul in urmatorii 10 000 de ani. Este un proiect frumos care ne indeamna sa ne concentram pe viitorul indepartat. In prezentarea de fata ne expune o dilema in legatura cu acest Ceas: Unde sa il situam?
Stewart Brand - Environmentalist, futurist
Since the counterculture '60s, Stewart Brand has been creating our internet-worked world. Now, with biotech accelerating four times faster than digital technology, Stewart Brand has a bold new plan ... Full bio
Since the counterculture '60s, Stewart Brand has been creating our internet-worked world. Now, with biotech accelerating four times faster than digital technology, Stewart Brand has a bold new plan ... Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Welcome to 10,000 feet.
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Bine ati venit la 3 000 de metri.
00:15
Let me explain why we are here
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Va rog sa-mi permiteti sa va explic motivul pentru care suntem aici
00:16
and why some of you have a pine cone close to you.
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si de ce unii dintre voi au un con de pin langa ei.
00:20
Once upon a time, I did a book called "How Buildings Learn."
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Cu mult timp in urma am scris o carte intitulata "Cum invata edificiile"
00:23
Today's event you might call "How Mountains Teach."
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Prezentarea de astazi se poate numi "Cum predau muntii"
00:27
A little background: For 10 years I've been trying to figure out how to
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Un pic de istorie: In ultimii 10 ani am incercat sa gasesc o cale
00:29
hack civilization so that we can get long-term thinking
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de a impulsiona umanitatea spre o gandire pe termen lung care sa fie
00:34
to be automatic and common instead of difficult and rare --
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automata si la ordinea zilei in loc sa fie o activitate dificila si neobisnuita
00:38
or in some cases, non-existent.
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sau, cum se intampla in unele cazuri, inexistenta.
00:41
It would be helpful if humanity got into the habit of thinking
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Ar fi util daca umanitatea s-ar obisnui sa gandeasca
00:46
of the now not just as next week or next quarter, but you know,
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nu numai in 'acum' sau in 'saptamana viitoare' sau 'trimestrul viitor' ci si
00:50
next 10,000 years and the last 10,000 years --
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in urmatorii, sa zicem, 10 000 de ani sau in ultimii 10 000 de ani
00:54
basically civilization's story so far.
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practic perioada care reprezinta de fapt istoria civilizatiei umane pana in prezent.
00:58
So we have the Long Now Foundation in San Francisco.
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Asa ca am pus bazele proiectului Long Now in San Francisco,
01:00
It's an incubator for about a dozen projects,
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Este un proiect-pepiniera pentru o duzina de alte proiecte
01:02
all having to do with continuity over the long term.
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toate relationate cu continuitatea pe termen lung.
01:06
Our core project is a rather ambitious folly --
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Proiectul nostru de baza este mai degraba unul nebun si ambitios,
01:11
I suppose, a mythic undertaking: to build a 10,000-year clock
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un proiect de proportii mitice: sa construim un ceas care
01:16
that can really keep good time for that long a period.
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sa functioneze de-adevarat si cu precizie timp de 10 000 de ani.
01:21
And the design problems of a project like that are just absolutely delicious.
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Iar problemele relationate cu acest proiect sunt pur si simplu delicioase.
01:28
Go to the clock. And what we have here is something
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Hai sa mergem la ceas. Ceea ce vedeti aici este ceea ce
01:33
many of you saw here three years ago.
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multi dintre voi ati vazut deja acum trei ani.
01:35
It's the first working prototype of the clock.
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Este primul prototip functional.
01:37
It's about nine feet high.
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Are aproape 9 metri.
01:38
Designed by Danny Hillis and Alexander Rose. It's presently in London,
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Ideat de Danny Hillis si Alexander Rose, se afla in Londra
01:43
and is ticking away very deliberately at the science museum there.
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si functioneaza intr-un ritm corespunzator in Muzeul de Stiinte.
01:47
So the design problem for today is going to be,
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Problema de design pe care o prezentam azi este:
01:51
how do you house an eventual monumental clock like this
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unde sa situezi un ceas atat de monumental
01:55
so it can really tick, save time beautifully for 100 centuries?
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care realmente sa functioneze si sa reziste la intemperii urmatoarele 100 de secole?
02:00
Well, this was the first solution.
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Bun, asta a fost prima solutie data.
02:02
Alexander Rose came up with this idea
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Alexander Rose a venit cu idea unui turn
02:04
of a spiraloid tower with continuous sloping ramps.
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in spirala cu versanti descendenti.
02:09
And it looked like a way to go, until you start thinking
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Si parea o idea buna pana cand am inceput sa ne deam seama
02:11
about, what does deep time do to a building?
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de cum afecteaza timpul o cladire.
02:14
Well, this is what deep time does to a building.
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Pai uitati, asta este ceea ce se intampla cu cladirile pe timp indelungat.
02:17
This is the Parthenon. It's only 2,450 years old,
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Acesta este Partenonul Are doar 2 450 de ani
02:21
and look what happened to it.
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si uitati ceea ce i s-a intamplat.
02:22
Here's a beautiful project. They really knew it'd last forever,
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Aici avem alt proiect minunat.Stiau cu siguranta ca va dura pentru totdeauna
02:25
because they'd build it out of absolutely huge stones.
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pentru ca l-au construit in intregime din uriase columne de piatra.
02:29
And now it's a pathetic ruin and no one even knows what it was used for.
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Iar acum este o ruina intr-o stare jalnica caruia nici macar nu-i stim folosul.
02:32
That's what happens to buildings. They're vulnerable.
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Asta este ceea ce li se intampla cladirilor. Sunt vulnerabile.
02:35
Even the most durable and intactable buildings,
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Chiar si cele mai durabile si indestructiblile cladiri
02:38
like the pyramids of Giza, are in bad shape when you look up close.
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ca de exemplu piramidele din Giza, se afla intr-o stare proasta mai ales cand le privesti de-aproape.
02:42
They've been looted inside and out.
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Au fost jefuite pe dinauntru si pe dinafara.
02:45
And they're built to protect things but they don't protect things.
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Si au fost construite pentru a proteja, dar nu pot sa o faca.
02:48
So we got to thinking, if you can't put things safely in a building,
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Asa ca, daca nu poti sa situezi ceva intr-o cladire si sa fie in siguranta
02:52
where can you safely put them? We thought, OK, underground.
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unde ai putea sa o faci? Pai bine, sub pamant.
02:55
How about underground with a view?
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Ce-ai zice daca ar fi sub pamant dar si cu vedere in afara?
02:58
Underground in a place that's really solid.
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Sub pamant intr-un zona foarte solida.
03:00
So the obvious answer was, we need a mountain.
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Asa ca era clar ca raspunsul este: Avem nevoie de un munte.
03:04
You don't want just any mountain.
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Dar nu orice munte.
03:06
You need absolutely the right mountain
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Avem nevoie de cel mai perfect munte
03:09
if you're going to have a clock for 10,000 years.
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mai ales daca pui acolo un ceas pentru urmatorii 10 000 de ani.
03:11
So here's an image of the long view of the search problem.
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Asa ca puteti vedea in acesta imagine locul de unde trebuia sa incepem sa cautam.
03:16
And we got to thinking for various reasons it ought to be a desert mountain,
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Si din cauza multor motive trebuia sa fie un munte intr-un desert,
03:20
so we got looking in the dry areas of the Southwest.
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asa ca am inceput sa cautam in zonele secetoase din sud-vest.
03:23
We looked at mesas in New Mexico.
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Am cautat si in mesetele din New Mexico.
03:26
We were looking at dead volcanoes in Arizona.
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Am luat in considerare si vulcanii morti din Arizona.
03:28
Then Roger Kennedy, who was the director of the National Parks Service,
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Pana cand Roger Kennedy, care a fost directorul serviciului de parcuri nationale
03:31
led us to Eastern Nevada,
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ne-a sugerat Nevada de est
03:33
to America's newest and oldest national park,
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cu parcul national cel mai vechi dar si cel mai nou din America,
03:36
which is called Great Basin National Park.
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si care se numeste parcul national Great Basin.
03:40
It's right on the eastern border of Nevada.
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Se gaseste chiar la frontiera de est al statului Nevada.
03:43
It's the highest range in the state -- over 13,000 feet.
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Si este parcul statal aflat la cea mai mare altitudine, peste 3 900 de metri.
03:47
And you'll notice that on the left, on the left, on the west, it's very steep,
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Si puteti observa ca la stanga, inspre vest este foarte abrupt
03:51
and on the right it's gentle.
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iar la dreapta este accesibil.
03:54
This place is remote. It's over 200 miles from any major city.
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Zona este foarte izolata. La mai mult de 300 de km de orice oras important.
03:58
It's nowhere near any Interstate or railroad.
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Nu exista nici un sosea interstatala si nici o cale ferata prin apropiere.
04:01
And it's -- the only thing that goes by is what's called
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Tot ce poti sa gasesti este U.S. 50,
04:05
America's loneliest highway, U.S. 50.
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cea mai solitara sosea americana.
04:09
Now, inside the yellow line here, on the right is -- that's all national park.
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Aici, inconjurat de aceasta linie galbena, la dreapta, este parcul national.
04:14
Inside the green line is national forest.
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Inauntrul liniei verzi este padurea nationala.
04:17
And then over to the left is Bureau of Land Management land and some private land.
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Iar aici, la stanga, ai Biroul de Gestiune a Terenurilor si cateva proprietati private.
04:21
Now, as it happened, that two-mile-long strip right in the middle,
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Asa ca intamplarea face ca, aceasta franja centrala verticala de 3 km de aici din mijloc
04:24
this vertical, was available because it was private land.
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sa fie disponibila si la vanzare.
04:30
And thanks to Jay Walker who was here and Mitch Kapor who was here,
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Si multumita lui Jay Walker si Mitch Kapor care au fost aici,
04:34
who started the process, Long Now was able to get that two-mile-long strip of land.
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si au participat in tot procesul, proiectul Long Now a obtinut aceasta franja.
04:40
And now let's look at the grand truth of what's there.
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Acum sa ne concentram pe ceea ce avem aici de-adevaratelea.
04:43
We're in Pole Canyon, looking west up the western escarpment
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Ne aflam in Pole Canyon, uitandu-ne inspre vest
04:47
of Mount Washington, which is 11,600 feet on top.
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la versantul occidental al muntelui Washington de 3 500 de metri.
04:52
Those white cliffs are a dense Cambrian limestone.
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Aceste stanci albe sunt conglomerate calcaroase din epoca Cambriana
04:55
That's a 2,000-foot thick formation,
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si se constituie intr-o formatiune groasa de 600 de metri
04:58
and it might be a beautiful place to hide a clock.
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care ar putea fi un loc potrivit unde sa ascunzi un ceas.
05:03
It would be a pilgrimage to get to it; it would be a serious hike
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Va trebui sa mergi in pelerinaj pana acolo,ar fi o drumetie serioasa
05:06
to get up to where the clock is.
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ca sa ajungi pana unde este ceasul.
05:09
So last June, the Long Now board, some staff and some donors
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Asa ca, in iunie, comisia proiectului Long Now, cativa din echipa, cativa sponsori
05:14
and advisors, made a two-week expedition to the mountain
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si cativa consultanti, au organizat o expeditie de 2 saptamani
05:19
to explore it and investigate, one, if it's the right mountain,
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pentru a explora si cerceta: 1.dace este muntele potrivit
05:24
and two, if it's the right mountain, how it might actually work for us.
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si 2.daca este muntele potrivit, cum se va adapta exact la planurile noastre.
05:28
Now Danny Hillis sort of framed the problem.
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Danny Hillis este cel care a pus urmatoarea problema.
05:31
He has a theory of how the overall clock experience should work.
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El are o teorie generala asupra modului in care ceasul ar trebui sa functioneze.
05:34
It's what he calls the seven stages of a mythic adventure.
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Si a echivalat-o cu o aventura mitica in 7 etape.
05:38
It starts with the image. The image is a picture you have in your mind
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Incepe cu IMAGINEA. Imaginea este ceea ce tu ai construit in mintea ta
05:42
of the goal at the end of the journey.
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ca fiind obiectul final al acestei aventuri.
05:44
In this case it might well be an image of the clock.
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In acest caz ar putea sa fie foarte bine vorba despre o imagine a ceasului.
05:47
Then there's the point of embarkation, that is, the point of transition
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Urmeaza momentul IMBARCARII, care este un punct de tranzitie
05:51
from ordinary life to being a pilgrim on a quest.
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de la o viata obisnuita la un pelegrinaj plin de aventuri.
05:55
Then -- this is a nice image of it, there's the labyrinth.
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Dupa aceea-aceasta etapa este una frumoasa-vine LABIRINTUL.
05:59
The labyrinth is a concept, it's like a twilight zone,
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Labirintul este un concept, este ca o zona crepusculara,
06:03
it's a place where it's difficult, where you get disoriented,
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este un loc unde totul devine dificil, unde te dezorientezi
06:06
maybe you get scared -- but you have to go through it
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inclusiv te sperii, dar este o etapa prin care trebuie sa treci
06:09
if you're going to get to some kind of deep reintegration.
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daca vrei sa mergi pana la sfarsit.
06:12
Then there should always be in sight the draw --
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Urmeaza OBIECTIVUL, ceva pe care sa il ai permanent in vedere,
06:16
a kind of a beacon that draws you on through the labyrinth
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un fel de far care sa te atraga prin labirint
06:19
to finish the process of getting there.
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si sa te ghideze inspre punctul final.
06:22
Now Brian Eno, who's been in the thick of the Long Now process,
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Brian Eno, care s-a implicat profund in acest proces
06:25
spent two years making a C.D. called "January 7003,"
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a dedicat 2 ani unui CD pa care l-a intitulat Ianuarie 7003
06:30
and it's "Bell Studies for the Clock of the Long Now."
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si care consiste in "Studii de Clopot pentru ceasul din Long Now"
06:33
Based on -- parts of it are based on an algorithm that Danny Hillis developed,
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Se bazeaza pe -- parte se bazeaza pe un algoritm construit de Danny Hillis
06:38
so that a peal of 10 bells
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in asa fel incat,cele 10 clopote care produc sunetul final
06:40
makes a different peal every day for 10,000 years.
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sa creeze un sunet unic in fiecare zi timp de 10 000 de ani.
06:44
The Hillis algorithm. 10 factorial gives you that number.
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Algoritmul lui Hillis.Factorial de 10 iti da numarul (3.628.800)
06:48
And in fact, pretty soon we'll hear the sound.
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Si de fapt, putem sa ascultam acest sunet.
06:51
January 7003. There it is.
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Ascultati 7003.
06:55
OK, back to Danny's list.
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Bun, haideti sa mergem inapoi la lista lui Danny.
06:57
Number five of the seven is the payoff. This is it. The climax.
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Etapa numarul 5 este RECOMPENSA. Este punctul culminant.
07:01
The goal. The main thing that you're trying to get to.
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Este telul fiecaruia, este ceea ce fiecare incearca sa obtina.
07:05
And then Danny says a really great journey will have a secret payoff.
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Si aici Danny adauga recompensa secreta, pentru ca orice aventura care se respecta are una.
07:09
Something you didn't expect that caps what you did expect.
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Ceva neasteptat care supereaza tot ceea ce asteptai.
07:13
Then there's the return.
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Dupa aceea vine INTOARCEREA.
07:15
You've got to have a gradual return to the ordinary world,
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Trebuie sa realizezi o intoarcere progresiva in lumea pe care o cunosti
07:18
so you have time to assimilate what you've learned.
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in asa fel incat sa ai timp sa asimilezi ceea ce ai invatat.
07:22
And then, how about a memento? Number seven.
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Iar ultima etapa. Cum ti se pare o AMINTIRE? Etapa numarul 7.
07:26
At the end of it there's something physical,
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La sfarsit trebuie sa fie ceva palpabil,
07:27
a kind of reward that you take away.
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un fel de premiu pe care sa il iei cu tine.
07:29
It might be a piece of a core drill of the mountain.
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Poate sa fie o piatra de pe munte.
07:31
Something that's just yours.
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Ceva care sa fie doar al tau.
07:34
How do you study a mountain
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Asadar, cum se poate studia un munte
07:37
for the kinds of things we're talking about?
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din punctul de vedere a tuturor lucrurilor pe care le porpunem?
07:39
This is not a normal building project.
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Acest proiect nu este un proiect arhitectonic oarecare.
07:41
What do you look for?
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Ce urmaresti exact?
07:42
What are the elements that will most affect your ideas and decisions?
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Care sunt elementele care vor afecta cel mai mult ideile si deciziile tale?
07:48
Start with borders. If you look on the left side of the cliffs here,
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In primul rand, limitele. Daca va uitati de la stancile de aici la stanga
07:51
that's national park. That's sacrosanct --
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vedeti parcul national. Asta e sfant,
07:53
you can't do anything with that. To the right of it is national forest.
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nu se poate atinge. La dreapta ai padurea nationala.
07:56
There's possibilities. The borders are important.
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Ai ceva posibilitati. Dar limitele sunt importante.
07:59
Other elements were mines, weather, approaches and elevation.
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Ai si alte elemente: minele, clima, caile de acces si altitudinea.
08:07
And especially trees. Look at those things up on top there.
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Si in special arborii. Fixati-va pe aceste lucruri de aici de sus.
08:10
It turns out that Mount Washington is covered with bristlecone pines.
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Se pare ca muntele Washington este acoperit de Pinus longaeva
08:14
They're the world's oldest living thing.
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care sunt pinii cei mai longevivi din lume.
08:17
People think they're just the size of shrubs, but that's not actually true.
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Multa lume crede ca sunt de talia unor arbusti dar nu este adevarat de loc.
08:22
There are trees on that mountain that are 5,000 years old and still living.
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Ai copaci pe acest munte care au mai mult de 5 000 de ani si continua sa traiasca.
08:29
The wood is so solid it's like stone, and it lasts for a long time.
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Lemnul lor este foarte durabil si atat de dur ca par de piatra.
08:34
So when you do tree ring studies of trunks that are on the mountain,
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Cand se studiaza inelele trunchiului acestor copaci de pe munte
08:38
some of them go back 10,000 years.
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se ajunge si la datari de acum 10 000 de ani.
08:41
The stone itself is absolutely beautiful,
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Si piatra de pe acest munte este absolut minunata
08:43
sculpted by millennia of very tough winters up there.
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sculptata de milenii de ierni grozave de acolo de sus.
08:47
We had tree ring analysts from the University of Arizona
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Stim aceste lucruri pentru ca aveam analisti de inele
08:50
join us on the expedition.
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de la Universitatea de Arizona cu noi.
08:52
Now, if you guys have a pine cone handy,
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Daca aveti un con la indemana
08:54
now's a good time to put it in your hand and feel it, especially on the end.
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acum este momentul da a-l lua in mana si pipai, in special la extremitatea de sus.
08:59
That's interesting.
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Este o senzatie curioasa.
09:01
You'll find out why it's called a bristlecone pine. A little sensory experience.
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Acum ve-ti intelege de ce se numeste si pinul-arici. O mica experienta senzoriala.
09:07
Here's Danny Hillis in the midst of a bristlecone pine forest
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Aici il vedeti pe Danny Hillis in mijlocul padurii de pini
09:12
on Long Now land. I should say that the age of bristlecones
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de pe teritoriul proiectului Long Now. Trebuie sa spun ca varsta pinului-arici
09:17
was discovered, led by a theory.
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a fost descoperita datorita unei teorii.
09:20
Edmund Schulman in the 1950s
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Edmund Schulman, in anii 50
09:22
had been studying trees under great stress at Timberline,
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a studiat acei copaci care se aflau sub presiune in conditii adverse
09:26
and came to the realization that he put in an article in Science magazine
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si si-a dat seama ca ca ii poate prezenta intr-un articol, in revista "Science",
09:29
called, "Longevity under Adversity in Conifers."
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articol intitulat " Longevitatea coniferelor in conditii adverse"
09:35
And then, based on that principle, he started looking around
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Pe baza acestui principiu a inceput sa studieze
09:38
at the various trees at Timberline,
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diversi copaci aflati in teritorii adverse
09:40
and realized that the bristlecone pines --
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si si-a dat seama ca pinul-arici...-
09:42
he found some in the White Mountains that were over 4,000 years old.
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a descoperit in Muntii Albi astfel de pini batrani de mai bine de 4 mii de ani.
09:47
Longevity under adversity is a pretty interesting design principle in its own right.
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Longevitatea in conditii adverse este un principiu de design interesant in el insusi.
09:52
OK, onto the mines. The first asking price for the property
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In fine, haideti la minele despre care va vorbeam. La inceput, ne-au cerut pe teren
09:56
when we looked at it in 1998 was one billion dollars for 180 acres and a couple of mines.
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1 000 de milioane de $ in 1998 pentru 70 de hectare si cateva mine.
10:06
Because the owner said, "There's one billion dollars of beryllium in that mountain."
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Vanzatorul terenului ne spunea: "Ai beriliu in muntii astia in valoare de 1 miliard de $!".
10:10
And we said, "Wow, that's great. Listen, we'll counter. How about zero?
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Iar noi le-am raspuns:" Aha, fantastic! Mai bine invers; ce zici daca nu valoreaza nimic?"
10:15
(Laughter)
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(Rasete)
10:17
And we're a non-profit foundation, you can give us the property
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Suntem o organizatie non-profit, voi ne dati pamantul
10:21
and take a hell of a tax deduction.
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si asa puteti obtine reducere a impozitului iesita din comun.
10:24
(Laughter)
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(Rasete)
10:27
All you have to do is prove to the government it's worth a billion dollars."
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"Tot ce trebuie sa faceti este sa ii demonstrati guvernului ca valoreaza 1 000 de milioane de $".
10:30
Well, a few years went by and there was some kind of back and forth,
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Bun, au trecut niste ani si cateva drumuri dus-intors,
10:32
and by and by, thanks to Mitch and Jay,
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cand, dintr-o data, multumita lui Mitch si Jay
10:34
we were able to buy the whole property for 140,000 dollars.
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am putut sa cumparam tot pamantul pe 140 000 de $.
10:39
This is one of the mines. It doesn't have any beryllium in it.
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Aici vedeti una dintre mine. Nu are beriliu.
10:43
It's called the Pole Adit. And it does have tungsten,
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Se numeste Access Pole dar are tungsten,
10:47
a little bit of tungsten, left over, that's the kind of mine it was.
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A mai ramas un pic de tungsten . Cam de genul asta sunt minele.
10:50
But it goes a mile-and-a-half in a straight line,
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Are 2,5 km in linie dreapta,
10:52
due east into the range, into very interesting territory -- except that,
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drept inspre lantul muntos in partea de est, o zona foarte interesanta
10:58
as you'll see when we go inside in a minute,
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cu exceptia faptului ca, asa cum veti putea vedea imediat cand intram inauntru,
11:01
we were hoping for limestone but in there is just shale.
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acolo unde ne asteptam sa gasim calcar, am gasit şisturi.
11:05
And shale is not quite completely competent rock.
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Sistul nu este cea mai potrivita roca.
11:08
Competent rock is rock that will hold itself up without any shoring.
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Roca de calitate se auto-sustine, fara nici un fel de ajutor aditional.
11:12
The shale would like some shoring,
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Sistul are nevoie de ajutor
11:14
and so parts of it are caved in in there.
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de aceea vedem parti care s-a daramat.
11:16
That's Ben Roberts from -- he's the bat specialist from the National Park.
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Aici il vedeti pe Ben Roberts, specialistul parcului national in lilieci.
11:20
But there are many wonders back in there, like this weird fungus
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Ai o groaza de minunatii acolo inauntru, ca de exemplu acest soi de ciuperca rara,
11:24
on some of the collapsed timbers.
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ascunsa intr-una dintre schelele de lemn daramate.
11:26
OK, here's another mine that's up on top of the property,
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Bun, aici vedeti alta mina de pe proprietatea noastra
11:30
and it dates back to 1870.
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care dateaza din 1870.
11:32
That's what the property was originally built around --
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Aici se vede cum a luat fiinta,
11:34
it was a set of mining claims. It was a very productive silver mine.
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ca parte a cerintelor miniere. A fost o mina de argint foarte productiva.
11:39
In fact, it was the highest-operating mine in Nevada,
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De fapt a fost mina cea mai activa din statul Nevada
11:42
and it ran year round.
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si functiona tot anul.
11:44
You can imagine what it was like in the winter at 10,000 feet.
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Imaginati-va ce insemna o iarna la 3 000 de metri.
11:47
You may recognize a couple of the miners there.
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Aici puteti recunoaste cativa mineri.
11:50
There's Jeff Bezos on the right and Paul Saville on the left looking for galena,
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Il vedeti pe Jeff Bezos (fundatorul Amazon.com) la dreapta si Paul Saville la stanga,
11:56
which is the lead-silver thing. They didn't find any.
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cautand galeniu, plumb si argint. Nu au gasit nimic.
12:01
They both kept their day jobs. Here's the last mine.
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Dar ambii isi pastreaza jurnalele. Aici avem ultima mina.
12:06
It's called the Bonanza Adit. It's down in a canyon.
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Se numeste Acesso Bonanza. Se intinde pe dedesubtul unui canion.
12:08
And Alexander Rose on the left there worked with a bunch of people
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Alexander Rose, la stanga, a muncit impreuna cu un grup de persoane
12:12
from the National Park to survey the whole mine. It's a mile deep.
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din parcul national ca sa exploreze mina in intregime. Are 1,6 km.
12:15
And they also found four species of bats in there.
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Au descoperit 4 specii de lilieci.
12:18
Now, almost all those mines, by the way, meet underneath the mountain.
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Si, apropo, aceste mine se conecteaza pe sub munte intre ele.
12:22
They don't quite, but it's something to think about.
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De fapt nu e chiar asa dar este un detaliu la care ne gandim.
12:25
They don't quite meet.
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Nu sunt conectate intre ele.
12:27
Let's go to weather. Mountains specialize in interesting weather.
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Haideti sa vorbim despre clima. Muntii au o clima foarte deosebita,
12:33
Way more interesting than Monterey even today.
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mult mai interesanta decat cea din Monterrey in momentul de fata.
12:36
And so one Tuesday morning last June, there we were.
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Deci, un marti de dimineata in iulie anul trecut eram acolo.
12:39
Woke up in the morning -- the mountain was covered with snow.
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Ne-am trezit de dimineata acolo, pe munte, si l-am vazut acoperit de zapada.
12:42
That was a great time to go up and visit our weather station which again,
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Era o zi perfecta ca sa urcam si sa ne vedem statiunea meteorologica, care, inca o data
12:46
thanks to Mitch Kapor, we're building up there.
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datorita lui Mitch Kapor, era pe terminate acolo sus.
12:49
And it's a pretty interesting scene.
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Am dat peste o scena destul de interesanta.
12:52
This is, on the left there, the joyful lady is Pat Irwin,
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La stanga o avem pe voioasa doamna Pat Irwin
12:55
who's the regional head of the National Forest Service,
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sefa regionala a serviciului de paduri nationale
12:58
and they gave us the temporary use permit to be there.
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care ne-a permis sa stam acolo pe termen limitat.
13:02
We want a temporary use permit for the clock, eventually --
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Noi voiam un permis temporar pentru ceas,
13:04
10,000-year temporary use permit.
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un permis de 10 000 de ani.
13:06
(Laughter)
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(Rasete)
13:08
The weather station's pretty interesting.
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Statiunea meteorologica este destul de interesanta.
13:10
Kurt Bollacker and Alexander Rose designed a radically wireless station.
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Kurt Bollacker si Alexander Rose au gandit o statiune inalambrica.
13:14
It runs on solar, and it sends a signal
with that antenna
with that antenna
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Este solara si emite cu ajutorul unei antene
13:17
and bounces it off of micrometeorite trails in the atmosphere
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care trimite semnalele in atmosfera, de unde, reflectate de microscopicele resturi de micrometeoriti,
13:23
to a place in Bozeman, Montana, where the data is taken down
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se dirijeaza inspre Bozeman, in Montana, unde se descarca sub forma de date
13:27
and then sent through landlines to San Francisco,
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si se retransmit prin telefonia fixa catre San Francisco
13:30
where we put the data in real time up on our website.
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unde, le postam in timp real pe pagina site-ului nostru web.
13:34
And there you see a week of weather at 9,400 feet on Mount Washington.
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Aici aveti o saptamana de clima la altitudinea de 2800 de metri de pe muntele Washington.
13:40
Let's go to approaches.
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Haideti sa vorbim despre caile de acces.
13:43
As it happens, there are no trails anywhere on Mount Washington,
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Situatia este ca nu ai drumuri pe muntele Washington,
13:47
just a few old mining roads like this,
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cu exceptia unor drumeaguri miniere ca si cel de aici
13:49
so you have to bushwhack everywhere.
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pe unde trebuie pur si simplu sa iti faci loc.
13:50
But there's no bears, and there's no poison oak,
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Dar cel putin nu ai ursi sau stejari veninosi
13:54
and there's basically no people because this place has been empty for a long time.
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nici oameni, pentru ca locul este pustiu de multi ani.
14:00
You can hike for days and not encounter anybody.
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Poti sa mergi zile intregi fara sa intalnesti pe nimeni.
14:03
Well, here's a potential approach.
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Bun, aici avem un posibil acces.
14:05
You need to come up the Lincoln Canyon.
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Trebuie sa ajungi la canionul Lincoln.
14:08
It's this beautiful world all of its own, surrounded by cliffs,
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Este un loc incantator si, cum este inconjurat de stanci,
14:11
and it's an easy hike to stroll up the canyon bottom,
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poti sa strabati usor tot traseul mergand pe fundul canionului
14:15
until you get to this barrier, and it actually presents a problem.
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panca cand ajungi la acest obstacol, unde incep sa apara problemele.
14:22
So you can scratch Lincoln Canyon as an approach.
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Ca urmare, poti stergi ideea canionului Lincoln ca posibila cale de acces.
14:27
Another possible approach is right up the western front of the mountain.
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O alta cale de acces posibila este prin partea vestica si din fata a muntelui.
14:30
You can see why we sometimes call it Long Mountain.
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Aici veti intelege de ce se numeste si muntele Lung.
14:33
And from where you're standing at 6,000 feet in the valley,
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De la altitudinea de 1 800 de metri la care te gasesti cand este in vale
14:36
it's an easy hike up to the mature pinyon and juniper forest
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poti sa faci usor traseul pana ajungi la padurea de ienupari si pini
14:39
through that knoll at the front at 7,600 feet.
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de pe movila asta care se ridica la 2 300 de metri.
14:41
And you can carry right on up through meadows
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Poti ca continui trecand de zona cu lunci
14:44
and steepening forest to the high base of the cliffs at 10,500 feet,
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si cu paduri cu zone abrupte pana cand ajungi la baza stancilor de la 3 200 de metri
14:49
where there's a bit of a problem.
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unde vei avea probleme.
14:52
Now, Jeff Bezos advised us when he left at the end of the expedition,
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Jeff Bezos ne-a sugerat, cand ne intorceam inapoi din expeditie
14:57
"Make the clock inaccessible.
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sa facem ceasul inaccesibil.
15:01
The harder it is to get to, the more people will value it."
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"Cu cat va fi mai greu de ajuns aici, cu atat oamenii il vor aprecia mai mult".
15:05
And check -- those are 600-foot vertical walls there.
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Si dupa cum vedeti, acesti pereti verticali au 180 de metri.
15:10
So Alexander Rose wanted to explore this route,
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Asa ca, Alexander Rose, dorea sa exploreze aceasta ruta
15:15
and he started over here on the left from his pickup truck
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si a inceput de aici, de la stanga, in camioneta,
15:19
at 8,900 feet and headed up the mountain.
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de la 2 700 de metri catre munte.
15:22
Now, as you gain elevation your IQ goes down --
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Cu cat este mai mare altitudinea cu atat mai mult iti scade si coeficientul de inteligenta
15:26
(Laughter)
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(Rasete)
15:28
but your emotional affect goes up,
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dar se accentueaza partea emotionala,
15:30
which is great for having a mythic experience,
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detaliu fantastic pentru o experienta mitica,
15:33
whether you want to or not.
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ca vrei, ca nu vrei.
15:35
In fact, Danny Hillis can estimate altitude
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De fapt, Danny Hillis poate sa estimeze care este altitudinea corecta
15:38
by how much math he can't do in his head.
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in functie de matematica pe care nu o poate realiza.
15:41
(Laughter)
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(Rasete)
15:44
Now, I happened to be on the radio with Alexander
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Si vorbeam prin conexiune radio chiar cu Alexander
15:46
when he got to this point at the base of the cliffs, and he said, quote,
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cand ajunsese in acest punct de la baza stancilor si mi-a spus:
15:51
"There's a hidden notch. I think I can get up a ways."
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"Vad o creasta ascunsa aici. Cred ca pot sa ajung".
15:56
Now, he's a rock climber, but you know, he's our executive director.
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E bun catarator dar, intelegeti-ma, e directorul executiv.
16:00
I don't want him killed. I know he's going to love cliffs.
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Nu vreau sa-l vad mort. Stiu ca o sa il incante prapastiile.
16:02
I'm saying, "Be careful, be careful, be careful."
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Eu ii spuneam: "Ai grija, ai grija, multa grija".
16:05
Then he starts going up, and the next thing I hear is,
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A inceput sa urce si urmatorul lucru pe care l-am auzit a fost:
16:08
"I'm half-way up. It's like climbing stairs. I'm going up 60 degrees.
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"Sunt la jumatate de traseu. E ca si cum ai urca pe scari.Terenul are o inclinatie de 60 de grade".
16:14
It's a secret passage. It's like something from Tolkien."
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"Pare un tunel secret, ca in Tolkien".
16:18
And I'm going, "Careful, careful. Please be careful."
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In timp ce eu continuam sa-i spun:"Ai grija, te rog".
16:21
And then, of course, the next thing I hear is,
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Dupa care, am auzit:
16:22
"I've made it to the top. You can see all of creation from up here."
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"Am ajuns sus. De aici se poate contempla toata creatia!"
16:25
And he dashed across the top of the mountains.
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Si s-a indreptat catre varful muntelui.
16:28
In fact, there he is. That's Alexander Rose.
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De fapt, aici il vedeti. Acesta este Alexander Rose.
16:30
First ascent of the western face to Mount Washington,
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In timpul primei ascensiuni pe versantul occidental al muntelui Washington
16:33
and a solo ascent at that.
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si a urcat singur.
16:37
This discovery changed everything about our sense of these cliffs
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Aceasta descoperire a schimbat tot ceea ce stiam in legatura cu aceste prapastii si stanci
16:40
and what to do with them.
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si despre ce se poate face cu ele.
16:42
We realized that we had to name this thing that Alexander discovered.
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Ne-am dat seama ca trebuia sa-i punem un nume descoperirii lui Alexander.
16:46
How about Zander's Crevice? No.
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Cum vi se pare "Crapatura lui Zander"? Nu.
16:50
(Laughter)
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(Rasete)
16:54
So we finally decided on Alexander's Siq.
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Pana la urma ne-am decis sa-l numim Siq-ul lui Alexander.
16:57
Zander's Siq is named after -- some of you have been to Petra,
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Am ales Siq in numele.....probabil unii dintre voi au vizitat Petra (Iordania)
17:00
there's this wonderful slot canyon that leads into Petra
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unde exista un canion stramt care conduce la Petra
17:04
called the Siq, and so this is the Siq.
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si se numeste Siq, de acolo am luat numele.
17:06
And it really is hidden. I can't find it in this image,
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Si intr-adevar este un loc ascuns. Nu pot sa-l vad in aceasta imagine
17:09
and I'm not sure you can.
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si nu sunt sigur ca cineva dintre voi poate.
17:10
Only when you get fresh snow can you see just along the rim there,
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Doar daca este acoperit cu zapada li se poate vedea marginea
17:14
and that brings it out.
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pentru ca zapada o face vizibila.
17:16
Now, Danny and I were up at this same area one day,
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Intr-o zi, ma aflam in acel loc cu Danny
17:18
and Danny looked over to the right
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si cand el s-a uitat la dreapta
17:20
and noticed something halfway up the cliffs,
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a vazut ceva in mijlocul stancilor
17:23
which is a kind of a porch or a cliff shelf with bristlecones on it,
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un fel de veranda, sau platforma acoperita cu pini-arici
17:27
and supposed that people going up to the clock inside the mountain
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si a opinat ca cei care vor veni la ceasul din munte
17:31
could come out onto that shelf and look down at the view.
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ar putea sa iasa pe aceasta platforma si sa admire privelistea care se intinde sub picioarele lor.
17:35
And the people toiling up the mountain could see them,
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Iar toti cei care se vor chinui sa urce pe munte ar putea sa vada aceasta plataforma de aici
17:38
these tiny little people up there, incredibly halfway up the cliff.
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si toata lumea de pe ea, la o scala micsorata,aici, la jumatate de drum. Se vor intreba:
17:41
How did they get there? Do I have to do that?
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Cum au ajuns astia aici? Chiar trebuie sa urc si eu?
17:44
And so that maybe becomes part of the draw and part of the labyrinth.
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Si de modul acesta ar putea sa faca parte din atractie si din labirint.
17:47
You can get another angle on Danny's porch
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Aici vedeti aceasi platforma a lui Danny din alt unghi,
17:51
by going around to the south and looking north at the whole formation there.
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deplasandu-va inspre sud si uitandu-va inspre nord pentru a vedea toata panorama.
17:58
And you need to know that Danny's clock is to be kept accurate
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Si trebuie sa mai stiti ca ceasul lui Danny va fi foarte precis
18:01
by a ray of sunshine, that perfect noon hitting it every sunny day,
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datorita unei raze de soare care fix la amiaza
18:06
and the pulse of heat from that sets off a solar trigger
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va actiona termic un mecanism solar
18:09
which resets the clock to make it perfectly accurate.
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care va reseta ceasul in asa fel incat sa se mentina exact.
18:12
So even with the slowing of the rotation of the earth and so on,
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De acest mod, chiar in conditiile unei desaccelerari ale rotatiei terestre,
18:14
the clock will keep perfectly good time.
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ceasul va continua sa functioneze perfect.
18:17
So here we're looking from the south, look north.
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Aici ne vedeti unitandu-ne inspre nord.
18:19
This is all Forest Service land. If you go up on top of those cliffs,
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Acestea sunt terenuri ale serviciului forestier. Dar daca esti pe varful stancii
18:23
that's some of the Long Now land in those trees.
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poti vedea ca unii copaci apartin proiectului Long Now.
18:26
And if you go up there and look back, then you'll get a sense of
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Si daca te urci aici sus si privesti inapoi, poti sa iti faci o idee
18:31
what the view starts to be like from the top of the mountain.
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de cum va fi privelistea de pe varful muntelui.
18:34
That's the long view. That's 80 miles to the horizon.
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Acesta este adevarata priveliste. Una de 130 de km de orizont.
18:38
And that's also timberline and those bristlecones really are shrubs.
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In aceasta zona nu cresc copaci, doar pini-arici si arbusti.
18:42
That's a different place to be. It's 11,400 feet and it's exquisite.
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Este ceva aparte. La 3 400 de metri, un loc extraordinar.
18:50
Now, if you go over to the right from this image to looking at the edge of the cliffs,
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Si daca urmarim imaginea inspre dreapta, pana cand ajungem la marginea stancilor,
18:54
it's 600 foot, just about a yard to the left of Kurt Bollacker's foot,
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vedem ca dispune si de 180 de metri-aproape la un metru la stanga de picioarul lui Kurt Bollacker-
18:58
there is a 600-foot drop. He's ambling on over to Zander's Siq.
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de 180 de metri de cadere libera. Uitati cum se plimba prin Siq-ul lui Zander.
19:03
That's what it looks like looking down it.
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Aceasta este privelistea cand te uiti in jos.
19:07
We should probably put in a rail or something.
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Va trebui sa punem o balustrada, ceva...
19:11
Over on the eastern side it's gentle, as you can see.
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Cum puteti observa, pe partea orientala este mai plan.
19:15
And that's not snow -- that's what the white limestone looks like.
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Iar asta de aici nu e zapada, e cum se vede calcarul alb.
19:18
You also see there a bighorn sheep.
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Se poate vedea si un muflon aici.
19:22
Their herd was reintroduced from Wyoming.
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Turma a fost adusa din Wyoming.
19:25
And they're doing pretty well, but they've got a bit of trouble.
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Si cred ca o duce destul de bine, dar au avut probleme.
19:28
This is Danny Hillis, and he's figuring out a design problem.
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Aici il aveti pe Danny Hillis rezolvand o problema de design.
19:31
he's trying to determine if where he is on a bit of Long Now land
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Incearca sa descopere daca pozitia unde se afla in acel moment
19:36
would appear from down in the valley to be the actual peak of the mountain.
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ar parea celor din vale ca s-ar afla pe varful muntelui,
19:42
because the real peak is hidden around the corner.
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pentru simplul fapt ca adevaratul varf este de fapt ascuns.
19:44
This is what in the infantry we used to call the military crest.
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Este ceea ce numim in infanterie o creasta militara.
19:48
And as it turned out the answer is, yes,
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Si raspunsul este ca "da",
19:51
that is from down below in the valley it does look like the peak,
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din vale, aceasta pozitie pare a fi varful muntelui
19:55
and that might be conjured with.
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si ar putea sa fie un detaliu important.
19:57
We gradually realized we have three serious design domains to work on with this.
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Incetul cu incetul, ne-am dat seama ca aveam trei tipuri mari de domenii de design:
20:02
One is the experience of the mountain.
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Unul era experienta cu muntele.
20:04
Another is the experience in the mountain.
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Celalalt era experienta pe munte.
20:07
And the third is the experience from the mountain,
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Iar al treilea era experienta de pe munte,
20:10
which is really dominated by the view shed
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care este dominata de privelistea vaii
20:13
of the spring valley there behind Danny,
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care sa vede in spatele lui Danny
20:17
and if you look off to the right, out there,
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-iar daca va uitati la dreapta-
20:19
15 miles across to the Schell Creek range.
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si de 24 km de zona muntoasa in Schell Creek.
20:23
In the front, there are 10 ranches strung right along the base of the mountains
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In fata, la baza muntelui, se intind 10 ranch-uri
20:26
using the water from the mountains.
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care folosesc apa de pe munte.
20:28
In fact, there are artesian wells where water springs right into the air.
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De fapt ai fantani arteziene de unde apa izvoraste in mod natural.
20:33
One of the ranches is called the Kirkeby Ranch,
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Unul dintre aceste ranch-uri se numeste Kirkeby
20:36
and I'll take you there for a minute.
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si va voi conduce acolo imediat.
20:38
It's a very nice ranch.
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Este un loc pretios.
20:40
Alfalfa and cattle, run by Paul and Ronnie Brenham,
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Lucerna si bovine, sub ingrijirea lui Paul si Ronnie Brenham
20:45
and it's pretty idyllic. It's also hard work.
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este destul de idilic. Dar este si mult de munca.
20:50
And most of these ranches are having trouble keeping going.
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Majoritatea acestor ranch-uri au probleme.
20:52
This is their view to the west of the Schell Creek range.
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Asa se vede privelistea la vest de Schell Creek.
20:56
And if you go out to that line of trees at the far end,
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Iar daca ne indreptam spre aceasta linie de copaci din departare
20:59
you'll see what the valley used to look like.
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putem sa ne inchipuim cum era valea inainte.
21:03
This is Rocky Mountain junipers that have been there for thousands of years.
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Acesti ienuperi de pe Muntii Stancosi sunt aici de mii de ani.
21:08
And a scheme emerged that Long Now is looking to see
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Long Now a inceput sa intrevada posibilitatea
21:11
if it might be possible to buy up the whole valley,
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de a cumpara tot terenul vaii
21:14
because those 10 ranches with their 17,000 acres
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deoarece aceste 10 ranch-uri cu cele 6 900 de hectare
21:18
dominate a 500 square mile valley with their grazing allotments and so on,
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si cu parcelele de pastorit ocupa o vale de 130 de hectare patrate
21:23
and there's a possibility that you could get the whole thing
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si exista posibilitatea de a cumpara tot
21:26
for five million dollars and gradually restore it to its wild condition,
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pe 5 milioane de $ in asa fel in cat sa le reimplementam treptat in mediul natural
21:30
and somewhere in the process turn it back over to the National Park,
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si la un moment dat sa le restituim parcului national
21:34
and it would double the size of Great Basin National Park. That would be swell.
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ceea ce ar dubla marimea parcului national Great Basin. Ar insemna extindere.
21:38
OK, let's take one more look at the mountain itself.
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Bun, sa ne intoarcem iarasi la munte.
21:41
The clock experience should be profound,
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Momentele petrecute cu ceasul vor fi profunde
21:45
but from the outside it should be invisible.
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dar, din afara, vor trebui sa nu fie banuite.
21:49
Now, at the base of the high cliffs there's this natural cave.
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La baza stancilor exista o grota.
21:53
It's only about 12 feet deep, but what if it were deepened from inside?
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Are vreo 4 metri si ne-am zis: "Ce-ar fi daca s-ar mari?"
21:57
You excavated from somewhere, came up from inside and deepened it.
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Sa o excavam un pic, dintr-o parte, pe dinauntru.
22:00
And then you could have an entrance
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Ar putea prezenta o intrare
22:01
which was very rough and narrow as you first went in,
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foarte nocioplita si stramta la inceput
22:04
that gradually becomes more refined and then actually quite exquisite.
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dar care, treptat, sa devina din ce in ce mai rafinata si rafinata.
22:08
And this stone takes a perfect polish.
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Pentru ca acest tip de roca poate fi slefuit la perfectie.
22:11
You'd have a polished set of passages and chambers in there
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Am putea sa-i facem tot felul de tunele si camere
22:16
eventually leading to the 10,000 year clock.
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care sa conduca toate la ceasul de 10 000 de ani.
22:20
And it's not a mine. This would be a nuanced evocation
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Nu ar fi o mina. Ar fi o metafora fina
22:24
of the basic structure of the mountain,
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de ceea ce reprezinta muntele
22:27
and you would be appreciating it as much from inside as you do from outside.
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si ai putea sa te bucuri de asta atat pe dinauntru cat si pe dinafara.
22:30
This is architecture not made by building,
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Aceasta arhitectura nu se face construind
22:33
but by what you very carefully take away.
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ci dand la o parte cu mare grija ceea ce ai la dispozitie.
22:37
So that's what the mountain taught us.
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Iar asta e ceva ce ne-a invatat muntele insusi.
22:40
Most of the amazingness of the clock
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O mare parte din ceea ce este extraordinar in legatura cu ceasul
22:43
we can borrow from the amazingness of the mountain.
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o datoram acestui munte extraordinar.
22:47
All we have to do is highlight its spectacular features and blend in with them.
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Trebuie sa scoatem in evidenta ceea ce este deja expectacular si sa ii mai adaugam.
22:51
It's not a clock in a mountain -- it's a mountain clock.
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Nu este un ceas intr-un munte ci un ceas-munte.
22:56
Now, the Tewa Indians in the Southwest have a saying
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Localnicii tewa care locuiesc in sud-vest, au un proverb
22:58
for what you need to do when you want to think long term about anything.
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despre ce trebuie sa faci cand vrei sa te gandesti la ceva pe termen lung.
23:04
They say, "pin peya obe" -- welcome to the mountain.
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Ei rostesc cuvintele: "Pin peya obe", adica, "Bine ai venit la munte!"
23:11
Thank you.
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Multumesc.
23:13
(Applause)
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(Aplauze)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Stewart Brand - Environmentalist, futuristSince the counterculture '60s, Stewart Brand has been creating our internet-worked world. Now, with biotech accelerating four times faster than digital technology, Stewart Brand has a bold new plan ...
Why you should listen
With biotech accelerating four times faster than digital technology, the revival of extinct species is becoming possible. Stewart Brand plans to not only bring species back but restore them to the wild.
Brand is already a legend in the tech industry for things he’s created: the Whole Earth Catalog, The WELL, the Global Business Network, the Long Now Foundation, and the notion that “information wants to be free.” Now Brand, a lifelong environmentalist, wants to re-create -- or “de-extinct” -- a few animals that’ve disappeared from the planet.
Granted, resurrecting the woolly mammoth using ancient DNA may sound like mad science. But Brand’s Revive and Restore project has an entirely rational goal: to learn what causes extinctions so we can protect currently endangered species, preserve genetic and biological diversity, repair depleted ecosystems, and essentially “undo harm that humans have caused in the past.”
Stewart Brand | Speaker | TED.com