TED2009
Al Gore: What comes after An Inconvenient Truth?
高爾(美國前副總統)對最近的氣候變遷趨勢發出警告
Filmed:
Readability: 4.6
952,886 views
在TED2009,高爾前副總統對全球發表他最新的報告,指出氣候變遷的驅勢比科學家們本來預測的還更嚴重!並且澄清他對"淨煤"的立場
Al Gore - Climate advocate
Nobel Laureate Al Gore focused the world’s attention on the global climate crisis. Now he’s showing us how we’re moving towards real solutions. Full bio
Nobel Laureate Al Gore focused the world’s attention on the global climate crisis. Now he’s showing us how we’re moving towards real solutions. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Last year I showed these two slides so that
0
0
3000
去年我展示了這兩張投影片,並且
00:15
demonstrate that the arctic ice cap,
1
3000
2000
展示了北極冰冠
00:17
which for most of the last three million years
2
5000
2000
是在三百萬年內所形成的
00:19
has been the size of the lower 48 states,
3
7000
2000
已有美國本土48州的大小(意指不含夏威夷及阿拉斯加)
00:21
has shrunk by 40 percent.
4
9000
2000
但如今面積已經大幅縮小40%
00:23
But this understates the seriousness of this particular problem
5
11000
3000
但這仍然低估了我們實際所面臨問題的嚴重性
00:26
because it doesn't show the thickness of the ice.
6
14000
3000
因為這沒有展現出冰層的厚度
00:29
The arctic ice cap is, in a sense,
7
17000
2000
北極的冰冠, 就像是
00:31
the beating heart of the global climate system.
8
19000
3000
全球氣候系統中不斷跳動的心臟
00:34
It expands in winter and contracts in summer.
9
22000
3000
它在冬天擴大,在夏天縮小
00:37
The next slide I show you will be
10
25000
3000
在下一章投影片中我將要展示一個
00:40
a rapid fast-forward of what's happened over the last 25 years.
11
28000
4000
在最近25年內急速變化的事實
00:44
The permanent ice is marked in red.
12
32000
2000
永凍層標示成紅色
00:46
As you see, it expands to the dark blue --
13
34000
3000
如你所見,它擴張變成深藍色
00:49
that's the annual ice in winter,
14
37000
2000
那就是每年冬天的冰層
00:51
and it contracts in summer.
15
39000
2000
並且在夏天的時候縮小
00:53
The so-called permanent ice, five years old or older,
16
41000
2000
這就是永凍層,即形成已五年或更久
00:55
you can see is almost like blood,
17
43000
3000
你可以發現這就像血液一樣
00:58
spilling out of the body here.
18
46000
4000
流散在身體各處
01:02
In 25 years it's gone from this, to this.
19
50000
4000
在這25年內,它從這樣,變成這樣.
01:06
This is a problem because the warming
20
54000
3000
這就是暖化所造成的問題
01:09
heats up the frozen ground around the Arctic Ocean,
21
57000
3000
它加熱了北極海周圍的冰
01:12
where there is a massive amount of frozen carbon
22
60000
3000
那是十分大量的凝固態炭(指乾冰)
01:15
which, when it thaws, is turned into methane by microbes.
23
63000
3000
也就是說,當冰層溶化時,這些碳會經由微生物的作用轉化成甲烷
01:18
Compared to the total amount of global warming pollution in the atmosphere,
24
66000
4000
和大氣層中所有造成全球暖化的氣體總量做比較
01:22
that amount could double if we cross this tipping point.
25
70000
4000
暖化氣體的總量可能加倍如果我們排放的二氧化碳超過這個頂點
01:26
Already in some shallow lakes in Alaska,
26
74000
3000
這樣的現象已經發生在阿拉斯加一些淺水湖
01:29
methane is actively bubbling up out of the water.
27
77000
2000
甲烷不斷地自湖水中湧出
01:31
Professor Katey Walter from the University of Alaska
28
79000
3000
阿拉斯加大學的瓦特教授(Pro. Katey Walter)
01:34
went out with another team to another shallow lake last winter.
29
82000
4000
在去年冬天時和另外一個研究團隊去另一個淺水湖
01:48
Video: Whoa! (Laughter)
30
96000
2000
影片: 哇!!(笑)
01:50
Al Gore: She's okay. The question is whether we will be.
31
98000
3000
她沒事. 重點是我們會變成如何?
01:53
And one reason is, this enormous heat sink
32
101000
2000
另外一個理由是,這個巨大的熱水坑
01:55
heats up Greenland from the north.
33
103000
3000
正不斷地加溫北部的格陵蘭島
01:58
This is an annual melting river.
34
106000
3000
這是每年溶冰水所形成的河
02:01
But the volumes are much larger than ever.
35
109000
3000
但這流量比以往都還要大很多很多
02:04
This is the Kangerlussuaq River in southwest Greenland.
36
112000
3000
這是格陵蘭島南部的Kangerlussuaq河
02:07
If you want to know how sea level rises
37
115000
2000
如果你想從溶化的大陸冰層
02:09
from land-base ice melting
38
117000
2000
知道海平面會升到多高
02:11
this is where it reaches the sea.
39
119000
2000
這就是溶冰水進入海裡的景象
02:13
These flows are increasing very rapidly.
40
121000
2000
這些水流量正在急遽地增加
02:15
At the other end of the planet, Antarctica
41
123000
2000
在地球的另一端,南極
02:17
the largest mass of ice on the planet.
42
125000
2000
也是地球上最大的冰層
02:19
Last month scientists reported the entire continent
43
127000
2000
科學家回報說,上個月整個冰層的量
02:21
is now in negative ice balance.
44
129000
2000
已經呈現負成長
02:23
And west Antarctica cropped up on top some under-sea islands,
45
131000
4000
在南極西方,有些海平面下的島頂端的冰層像被剪過一樣
02:27
is particularly rapid in its melting.
46
135000
3000
正在急速地溶化
02:30
That's equal to 20 feet of sea level, as is Greenland.
47
138000
4000
這相當於海平面上升20英尺,就如同格陵蘭島
02:34
In the Himalayas, the third largest mass of ice:
48
142000
2000
在世界第三大的冰層,喜馬拉雅山脈
02:36
at the top you see new lakes, which a few years ago were glaciers.
49
144000
4000
你所看到這些山頂的湖,幾年前是冰河
02:40
40 percent of all the people in the world
50
148000
2000
全世界有40%的人口
02:42
get half of their drinking water from that melting flow.
51
150000
2000
都從這溶冰水中獲得日常一半的飲用水
02:44
In the Andes, this glacier is the
52
152000
2000
在安地斯山脈,這裡的冰河
02:46
source of drinking water for this city.
53
154000
2000
是這個城市飲用水的來源
02:48
The flows have increased.
54
156000
2000
這水流量已經增加
02:50
But when they go away, so does much of the drinking water.
55
158000
3000
但當這些水消失時,飲用水也會不見
02:53
In California there has been a 40 percent
56
161000
2000
在加州Sierra,
02:55
decline in the Sierra snowpack.
57
163000
2000
積雪場面積已縮小40%
02:57
This is hitting the reservoirs.
58
165000
2000
這就像是對蓄水池加熱
02:59
And the predictions, as you've read, are serious.
59
167000
3000
如你所知,預測結果顯示這樣後果會嚴重
03:02
This drying around the world has lead to
60
170000
2000
如此全球性的乾旱將導致
03:04
a dramatic increase in fires.
61
172000
2000
火災發生次數戲劇性地增加
03:06
And the disasters around the world
62
174000
3000
並且在全球各地所發生的災難
03:09
have been increasing at an absolutely extraordinary
63
177000
2000
也絕對是以非比尋常
03:11
and unprecedented rate.
64
179000
2000
並且史無前例速率的大量增加
03:13
Four times as many in the last 30 years
65
181000
2000
將會是近三十年來所發生次數的四倍
03:15
as in the previous 75.
66
183000
2000
是過去七十五年所發生的總量
03:17
This is a completely unsustainable pattern.
67
185000
4000
這是個令人完全無法承受的景象
03:21
If you look at in the context of history
68
189000
3000
如果你回頭看看歷史上的過往
03:24
you can see what this is doing.
69
192000
5000
你會發現我們正在所經歷的是什麼
03:29
In the last five years
70
197000
2000
在過去五年間
03:31
we've added 70 million tons of CO2
71
199000
2000
我們已經增加了了七千萬噸的二氧化碳排放量
03:33
every 24 hours --
72
201000
2000
每二十四小時
03:35
25 million tons every day to the oceans.
73
203000
2000
每天排放兩千五百萬噸的二氧化碳到海裡
03:37
Look carefully at the area of the eastern Pacific,
74
205000
3000
仔細看看太平洋得東邊海域
03:40
from the Americas, extending westward,
75
208000
2000
從美洲,一直延伸到西邊
03:42
and on either side of the Indian subcontinent,
76
210000
3000
到印度次大陸的兩側
03:45
where there is a radical depletion of oxygen in the oceans.
77
213000
4000
都有海域極度缺氧(死亡海域)的現象發生
03:49
The biggest single cause of global warming,
78
217000
2000
造成全球暖化最重要的的原因,
03:51
along with deforestation, which is 20 percent of it, is the burning of fossil fuels.
79
219000
4000
其中20%是因為不斷砍伐森林,作用和直接燒石油煤炭一樣
03:55
Oil is a problem, and coal is the most serious problem.
80
223000
3000
燃燒石油是一個問題,但是燃燒煤炭更嚴重
03:58
The United States is one of the two
81
226000
2000
美國是兩大燃煤消費國之一
04:00
largest emitters, along with China.
82
228000
2000
也是最大的排放國,和中國大陸並列
04:02
And the proposal has been to build a lot more coal plants.
83
230000
4000
而且還有更多燃煤的火力發電廠的興建計劃
04:06
But we're beginning to see a sea change.
84
234000
2000
然而我們已經開始看到海平面的變化
04:08
Here are the ones that have been cancelled in the last few years
85
236000
3000
這是近幾年內已被取消的興建計劃
04:11
with some green alternatives proposed.
86
239000
2000
取而代之的是一些綠色替代能源計劃
04:13
(Applause)
87
241000
1000
(拍手)
04:14
However there is a political battle
88
242000
3000
然而,在我們國家
04:17
in our country.
89
245000
2000
有一場政治角力
04:19
And the coal industries and the oil industries
90
247000
2000
那些煤碳及石油工業
04:21
spent a quarter of a billion dollars in the last calendar year
91
249000
3000
在去年的選舉中撒了兩千五百萬
04:24
promoting clean coal,
92
252000
2000
推銷所謂的"淨煤"
04:26
which is an oxymoron.
93
254000
2000
這無疑是掛羊頭賣狗肉
04:28
That image reminded me of something.
94
256000
2000
那景象讓我想起了一些事
04:30
(Laughter)
95
258000
3000
(笑)煤碳:新的駱駝老喬？ (駱駝牌香煙的所創的卡通人物, 使青少年抽煙人口大幅增加)
04:33
Around Christmas, in my home in Tennessee,
96
261000
2000
大約在聖誕節時,在我田納西的家中
04:35
a billion gallons of coal sludge was spilled.
97
263000
3000
有十億加侖的煤廢水外洩出來
04:38
You probably saw it on the news.
98
266000
2000
你或許已經看過這則新聞了
04:40
This, all over the country, is the second largest waste stream in America.
99
268000
4000
這條流經全國的河,成為美國西部第二大的污水河
04:44
This happened around Christmas.
100
272000
2000
這件事發生在聖誕節附近
04:46
One of the coal industry's ads around Christmas was this one.
101
274000
3000
一個燃煤工業在聖誕節附近所播放的廣告如下:
04:49
Video: ♪♫ Frosty the coal man is a jolly, happy soul.
102
277000
3000
影片:♪♫雪白煤碳先生是個快樂的精靈
04:52
He's abundant here in America,
103
280000
2000
它在美國產量豐富
04:54
and he helps our economy grow.
104
282000
2000
並且幫助我們的經濟成長
04:56
Frosty the coal man is getting cleaner everyday.
105
284000
4000
雪白的煤碳先生每天都越來越乾淨
05:00
He's affordable and adorable, and workers keep their pay.
106
288000
4000
它物美價廉,讓工人們有薪水領
05:04
Al Gore: This is the source of much of the coal in West Virginia.
107
292000
4000
高爾:這是西維吉尼雅大部份的煤炭來源
05:08
The largest mountaintop miner is the head of Massey Coal.
108
296000
5000
在以山巔移除的方式開礦的就是梅西礦業的領導人
05:13
Video: Don Blankenship: Let me be clear about it. Al Gore,
109
301000
2000
布蘭肯席普(梅西礦業的執行長):讓我明白的說. 高爾
05:15
Nancy Pelosi, Harry Reid, they don't know what they're talking about.
110
303000
4000
皮洛西(美國衆議院議長),瑞德(聯邦參議院多數黨領袖),他們都不知道自己再胡說些什麼(三人都在推動環保能源法案)
05:19
Al Gore: So the Alliance for Climate Protection
111
307000
2000
高爾: 所以,氣候保護聯盟(高爾發起的環保團體)
05:21
has launched two campaigns.
112
309000
2000
已經發起這兩場戰役
05:23
This is one of them, part of one of them.
113
311000
3000
這就是其中之一,是一部份
05:26
Video: Actor: At COALergy we view climate change as a very serious
114
314000
2000
影片:演員:在[碳能源]我們已知道氣候變遷的嚴重性
05:28
threat to our business.
115
316000
2000
威脅著我們的商機
05:30
That's why we've made it our primary goal
116
318000
2000
這就是為什麼我們將氣候變遷設為我們的首要目標
05:32
to spend a large sum of money
117
320000
2000
也就是要花一大筆錢
05:34
on an advertising effort to help bring out and complicate
118
322000
3000
在廣告及宣傳,好讓大家知道且明瞭
05:37
the truth about coal.
119
325000
2000
有關煤炭的真相
05:39
The fact is, coal isn't dirty.
120
327000
2000
事實是,煤炭不髒
05:41
We think it's clean --
121
329000
2000
我們覺得它十分乾淨
05:43
smells good, too.
122
331000
2000
聞起來也很乾淨(暗指燃煤所產生的氣體)
05:45
So don't worry about climate change.
123
333000
3000
所以不用擔心氣候變遷的問題
05:48
Leave that up to us.
124
336000
2000
把那些問題交給我們
05:50
(Laughter)
125
338000
1000
(笑)
05:51
Video: Actor: Clean coal -- you've heard a lot about it.
126
339000
2000
影片: 演員: 乾淨的碳,你們或許已經聽說過
05:53
So let's take a tour of this state-of-the-art clean coal facility.
127
341000
6000
那麼讓我們來一覽這項頂尖科技的淨碳設施
05:59
Amazing! The machinery is kind of loud.
128
347000
3000
太驚人了! 這機器的聲音還真大!
06:02
But that's the sound of clean coal technology.
129
350000
4000
但這就是淨煤科技的聲音
06:06
And while burning coal is one of the leading causes of global warming,
130
354000
3000
雖然燃燒煤碳是導致全球暖話的主因之一
06:09
the remarkable clean coal technology you see here
131
357000
3000
但如你所見,這非凡的淨煤科技
06:12
changes everything.
132
360000
2000
改變了一切
06:14
Take a good long look: this is today's clean coal technology.
133
362000
3000
仔細的看哪! 這就是現今的淨煤科技
06:19
Al Gore: Finally, the positive alternative
134
367000
2000
高爾:最後,這項積極的替代方案
06:21
meshes with our economic challenge
135
369000
2000
可以解決我們在經濟上面臨的困難
06:23
and our national security challenge.
136
371000
2000
以及我們在國家安全上面臨的挑戰
06:25
Video: Narrator: America is in crisis -- the economy,
137
373000
2000
影片: 旁白: 美國正處在各式各樣的危機中, 經濟上的
06:27
national security, the climate crisis.
138
375000
3000
國家安全上的,還有氣候上的
06:30
The thread that links them all:
139
378000
2000
有一條線串連他們三者
06:32
our addiction to carbon based fuels,
140
380000
2000
就是我們對含碳燃料如上癮般的依賴
06:34
like dirty coal and foreign oil.
141
382000
2000
比方說不乾淨的煤(指排放溫室氣體)還有國外進口的石油
06:36
But now there is a bold new solution to get us out of this mess.
142
384000
3000
但現在有個大膽的新解決方案試突讓我們脫離這些泥沼
06:39
Repower America with 100 percent clean electricity
143
387000
3000
用百分之百乾淨的能源來再次啟動美國
06:42
within 10 years.
144
390000
2000
在十年內
06:44
A plan to put America back to work,
145
392000
2000
一個讓美國重新回到生產線上的計劃
06:46
make us more secure, and help stop global warming.
146
394000
3000
不僅讓我們國家更安全,還可以阻止全球暖化
06:49
Finally, a solution that's big enough to solve our problems.
147
397000
3000
終於,一個夠大夠強的解決方案可以解決我們所有的問題
06:52
Repower America. Find out more.
148
400000
2000
美國再起.詳情內恰
06:54
Al Gore: This is the last one.
149
402000
2000
高爾: 這是最後一個影片
07:03
Video: Narrator: It's about repowering America.
150
411000
2000
影片: 旁白: 這有關美國再起的計劃
07:05
One of the fastest ways to cut our dependence
151
413000
2000
是讓我們不再依賴那些不斷殘害我們的地球
07:07
on old dirty fuels that are killing our planet.
152
415000
3000
老舊又不乾淨的燃料最快方法之一
07:12
Man: Future's over here. Wind, sun, a new energy grid.
153
420000
4000
男人: 未來就在我們眼前. 風力,太陽能,一個全新的能源網
07:17
Man #2: New investments to create high-paying jobs.
154
425000
3000
男人2: 用新投資來創造高收入的工作
07:22
Narrator: Repower America. It's time to get real.
155
430000
4000
旁白: 美國再起. 該是美夢成真的時候了
07:26
Al Gore: There is an old African proverb that says,
156
434000
3000
高爾: 非洲有個古老的諺語說
07:29
"If you want to go quickly, go alone.
157
437000
2000
如果你想走得快,要自己走
07:31
If you want to go far, go together."
158
439000
3000
如果你想走得遠,要找同伴
07:34
We need to go far, quickly.
159
442000
2000
我們必須走得既快又遠
07:36
Thank you very much.
160
444000
2000
謝謝你們大家
07:38
(Applause)
161
446000
3000
(拍手)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Al Gore - Climate advocateNobel Laureate Al Gore focused the world’s attention on the global climate crisis. Now he’s showing us how we’re moving towards real solutions.
Why you should listen
Former Vice President Al Gore is co-founder and chairman of Generation Investment Management. While he’s is a senior partner at Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, and a member of Apple, Inc.’s board of directors, Gore spends the majority of his time as chair of The Climate Reality Project, a nonprofit devoted to solving the climate crisis.
He is the author of the bestsellers Earth in the Balance, An Inconvenient Truth, The Assault on Reason, Our Choice: A Plan to Solve the Climate Crisis, and most recently, The Future: Six Drivers of Global Change. He is the subject of the Oscar-winning documentary An Inconvenient Truth and is the co-recipient, with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, of the Nobel Peace Prize for 2007 for “informing the world of the dangers posed by climate change.”
Gore was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1976, 1978, 1980 and 1982 and the U.S. Senate in 1984 and 1990. He was inaugurated as the 45th Vice President of the United States on January 20, 1993, and served eight years.
Al Gore | Speaker | TED.com