TED2010
Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy: Inside a school for suicide bombers
莎明．歐貝-奇諾依：自殺炸彈客學校
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拍攝紀錄片的莎明．歐貝-奇諾依研究的是一個恐怖的問題：塔利班如何說服孩子成為自殺炸彈客？她呈現了訓練營的宣傳影帶和她與年輕成員的對話，那是一段令人震撼的影片。
Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy - Filmmaker
Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy makes documentary films. She's the founder of the Citizens Archive of Pakistan, dedicated to preserving Pakistan's history. Full bio
Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy makes documentary films. She's the founder of the Citizens Archive of Pakistan, dedicated to preserving Pakistan's history. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
Today, I want you to look at
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今天，我要透過
00:18
children who become suicide bombers
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完全不同的鏡頭，帶領各位看看
00:21
through a completely different lens.
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成為自殺炸彈客的孩子們。
00:23
In 2009, there were 500
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在2009年，在巴基斯坦
00:26
bomb blasts across Pakistan.
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有500個炸彈爆炸。
00:28
I spent the year working
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我花了一整年的時間，
00:30
with children
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訪問這些
00:32
who were training to become suicide bombers
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即將被訓練成為自殺炸彈客的孩子們，
00:34
and with Taliban recruiters,
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並訪問塔利班負責招募這些孩子的人，
00:36
trying to understand how the Taliban
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試著瞭解塔利班
00:38
were converting these children
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如何將這些孩子
00:40
into live ammunition
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變成活動炸彈，
00:42
and why these children were actively
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而這些孩子們又為何
00:44
signing up to their cause.
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自願投入這危險的工作。
00:46
I want you to watch a short video
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我請各位先看我最近拍攝的紀錄片
00:48
from my latest documentary film, "Children of the Taliban."
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其中的一個片段：「塔利班的孩子們」。
00:54
(Singing)
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(歌唱聲)
00:58
The Taliban now run their own schools.
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塔利班現在有自己的學校，
01:03
They target poor families
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他們瞄準窮苦的家庭，
01:05
and convince the parents to send their children.
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說服父母把孩子送到這裡。
01:08
In return, they provide free food and shelter
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他們提供免費的食物和住房做為回報，
01:11
and sometimes pay the families a monthly stipend.
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有時還每個月給這些家庭一些津貼。
01:16
We've obtained a propaganda video
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我們取得了一卷
01:18
made by the Taliban.
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塔利班製作的宣傳影帶，
01:21
Young boys are taught justifications
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年輕的男孩們被灌輸
01:24
for suicide attacks
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自殺攻擊的正當性，
01:26
and the execution of spies.
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並要求他們處決間諜。
01:30
I made contact with a child from Swat
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我和一個來自史瓦特的男孩取得聯繫，
01:32
who studied in a madrassa like this.
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他目前在類似這樣的神學院裡讀書。
01:36
Hazrat Ali is from a
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阿里來自
01:38
poor farming family in Swat.
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史瓦特的窮苦農村家庭，
01:40
He joined the Taliban a year ago
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他在一年前加入塔利班，
01:42
when he was 13.
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那時他13歲。
01:46
How do the Taliban in your area get people to join them?
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塔利班在你們家鄉如何招募新成員？
01:51
Hazrat Ali: They first call us to the mosque and preach to us.
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阿里：他們一開始叫我們到清真寺去，對我們講道，
01:55
Then they take us to a madrassa
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然後他們把我們帶到一個神學院，
01:58
and teach us things from the Koran.
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教我們可蘭經上的事。
02:01
Sharmeen Obaid Chinoy: He tells me that children
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莎明：他說孩子們
02:03
are then given months of military training.
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會接受數個月的軍事訓練。
02:06
HA: They teach us to use machine guns, Kalashnikov,
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阿里：他們教我們使用自動機槍、卡拉希尼科夫槍、
02:11
rocket launchers, grenades, bombs.
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火箭筒、手榴彈和炸彈等。
02:14
They ask us to use them only against the infidels.
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他們說我們只能對異教徒使用這些武器，
02:20
Then they teach us to do a suicide attack.
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然後他們還教我們做自殺攻擊。
02:24
SOC: Would you like to carry out a suicide attack?
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莎明：你會執行自殺攻擊任務嗎？
02:26
HA: If God gives me strength.
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阿里：願真主賜我力量。
02:32
SOC: I, in my research,
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莎明：在我的研究中，
02:34
have seen that the Taliban have perfected
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我曾看過塔利班
02:36
the way in which they recruit
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在招募和訓練這些孩子時，
02:38
and train children,
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將他們的行為美化。
02:40
and I think it's a five-step process.
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這分成五個步驟，
02:43
Step one is that the Taliban prey
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第一個步驟是
02:45
on families that are large, that are poor,
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瞄準貧窮、居住在貧瘠地區
02:48
that live in rural areas.
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的大家庭。
02:50
They separate the parents from the children
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他們將父母和小孩分開，
02:52
by promising to provide food, clothing,
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答應父母會給孩子食物、衣物
02:54
shelter to these children.
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和居住的地方。
02:56
Then they ship them off, hundreds of miles away
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然後他們把孩子送走，到數百哩以外的地方，
02:59
to hard-line schools
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送到硬漢學校，
03:01
that run along the Taliban agenda.
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那裡會照塔利班要求的方式教學。
03:03
Step two:
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第二個步驟，
03:05
They teach the children the Koran, which is Islam's holiest book,
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他們教孩子們讀可蘭經，也就是伊斯蘭教的聖經，
03:08
in Arabic, a language these children do not understand
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但是是以阿拉伯文印製，這些孩子根本不會讀
03:11
and cannot speak.
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也不會說，
03:13
They rely very heavily on teachers,
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所以孩子們就只能仰賴神學院裡的老師，
03:16
who I have personally seen
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而我個人則認為
03:18
distort the message to these children
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這些老師扭曲了教義，
03:20
as and when it suits their purpose to.
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以便達到他們的目的。
03:23
These children are explicitly forbidden
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這些孩子被禁止
03:25
from reading newspapers, listening to radio,
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閱讀報紙、收聽收音機、
03:28
reading any books
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或是讀
03:30
that the teachers do not prescribe them.
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不是老師建議的書。
03:32
If any child is found violating these rules,
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如果有孩子違反了規定，
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he is severely reprimanded.
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就會被嚴厲地訓斥。
03:38
Effectively, the Taliban create
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事實上，塔利班
03:40
a complete blackout
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完全禁止孩子們
03:42
of any other source of information for these children.
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接觸其他資訊來源。
03:45
Step three: The Taliban want these children
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第三個步驟，塔利班要孩子們
03:48
to hate the world that they currently live in.
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憎恨這個世界，
03:51
So they beat these children --
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所以他們會毆打孩子，
03:53
I have seen it;
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我曾親眼見過。
03:55
they feed them twice a day dried bread and water;
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他們一天只吃二餐，只有乾麵包和水。
03:58
they rarely allow them to play games;
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他們幾乎不讓孩子們玩遊戲，
04:01
they tell them that, for eight hours at a time,
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他們要孩子
04:03
all they have to do is read the Koran.
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一天要讀可蘭經八個小時。
04:06
The children are virtual prisoners;
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這些孩子和囚犯沒有兩樣，
04:08
they cannot leave, they cannot go home.
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他們不能離開也不能回家，
04:11
Their parents are so poor,
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他們的父母都太窮，
04:13
they have no resources to get them back.
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沒有辦法把他們帶回家。
04:15
Step four: The older members of the Taliban,
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第四個步驟，塔利班中較年長的成員，
04:18
the fighters,
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也就是戰士們，
04:20
start talking to the younger boys
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會開始和年輕的男孩子們談論
04:22
about the glories of martyrdom.
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有關殉教後的榮耀。
04:24
They talk to them about how when they die,
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他們說，在他們死後，
04:27
they will be received up
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將會被接到天上，
04:30
with lakes of honey and milk,
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那裡有流淌著牛奶和蜂蜜的湖水，
04:32
how there will be 72 virgins
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有72個處女
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waiting for them in paradise,
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在天堂準備接待他們，
04:36
how there will be unlimited food,
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那裡有無限量的食物，
04:39
and how this glory
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這份榮耀
04:41
is going to propel them to become
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將會使他們
04:43
heroes in their neighborhoods.
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成為鄰里間的英雄人物。
04:46
Effectively, this is the brainwashing process
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事實上，這就是洗腦
04:49
that has begun.
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的過程。
04:51
Step five: I believe the Taliban have
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第五個步驟，我相信塔利班
04:53
one of the most effective
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有一項最有力的
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means of propaganda.
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宣傳武器，
04:58
Their videos that they use
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他們用的宣傳影片
05:00
are intercut with photographs
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是經過剪接的照片，
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of men and women and children
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內容是關於在伊拉克、
05:05
dying in Iraq and Afghanistan
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阿富汗及巴基斯坦中死亡的
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and in Pakistan.
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男人、女人及小孩。
05:09
And the basic message is that the Western powers
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他們要傳達的訊息是西方強權國家
05:11
do not care about civilian deaths,
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根本不在乎平民百姓的死活，
05:13
so those people who live
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所以居住在這些地方的人民，
05:15
in areas and support governments
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就必須和政府
05:17
that work with Western powers are fair game.
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一起和西方強權國家合作。
05:20
That's why Pakistani civilians,
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這也就是巴基斯坦在過去二年內，
05:22
over 6,000 of whom have been killed in the last two years alone,
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有超過六千個平民死亡
05:25
are fair game.
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的原因。
05:27
Now these children are primed
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現在，這些孩子
05:29
to become suicide bombers.
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被訓練成為自殺炸彈客，
05:31
They're ready to go out and fight
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他們已經準備好要到外面的世界去戰鬥，
05:33
because they've been told that this is
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因為他們相信
05:35
effectively their only way
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這是唯一
05:37
to glorify Islam.
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可以榮耀真主的方法。
05:39
I want you to watch another excerpt from the film.
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我要讓你們看紀錄片裡的另一個段落。
05:45
This boy is called Zenola.
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這個男孩叫辛諾拉，
05:47
He blew himself up, killing six.
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他把自己炸死了，還炸死了其他六個人。
05:52
This boy is called Sadik.
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這個男孩叫沙迪克，
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He killed 22.
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他炸死了22個人。
05:59
This boy is called Messoud.
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這個男孩叫馬蘇德，
06:02
He killed 28.
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他炸死了28個人。
06:07
The Taliban are running suicide schools,
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塔利班所經營的自殺學校，
06:10
preparing a generation of boys
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訓練了一整個世代的男孩
06:12
for atrocities against civilians.
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要對平民百姓痛下殺手。
06:16
Do you want to carry out a suicide attack?
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你會執行自殺攻擊任務嗎？
06:19
Boy: I would love to.
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男孩：我很樂意，
06:22
But only if I get permission from my dad.
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但要我父親同意才行。
06:27
When I look at suicide bombers younger than me, or my age,
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當我看到有比我年紀小或和我同年的自殺炸彈客時，
06:34
I get so inspired by their terrific attacks.
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我會因為他們的恐怖攻擊而激發鬥志。
06:38
SOC: What blessing would you get
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莎明：若你執行自殺攻擊任務後，
06:40
from carrying out a suicide attack?
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你會得到什麼祝福？
06:43
Boy: On the day of judgment, God will ask me,
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男孩：在審判日來臨時，真主會問我：
06:46
"Why did you do that?"
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「你為什麼要這麼做？」
06:51
I will answer, "My Lord! Only to make you happy!
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我會回答：「真主，我是要讓你高興才做的！
06:57
I have laid down my life fighting the infidels."
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我用我的生命來對抗異教徒。」
07:04
Then God will look at my intention.
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真主會知道我的意圖，
07:11
If my intention was to eradicate evil for Islam,
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如果我是為伊斯蘭消滅惡行，
07:19
then I will be rewarded with paradise.
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那我就可以上天堂。
07:25
Singer: ♫ On the day of judgment ♫
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歌聲：♫在審判日來臨時♫
07:29
♫ My God will call me ♫
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♫真主會呼喚我♫
07:31
♫ My body will be put back together ♫
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♫我的身軀將被拼湊起來♫
07:35
♫ And God will ask me why I did this ♫
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♫真主會問我為何這麼做♫
07:40
SOC: I leave you all with this thought:
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莎明：我想讓各位思考一下，
07:43
If you grew up in these circumstances,
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如果你在這種環境裡成長，
07:46
faced with these choices,
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面對這種選擇，
07:48
would you choose to live in this world
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你會選擇活在這個世界上，
07:51
or in the glorious afterlife?
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還是選擇光榮的死後世界？
07:53
As one Taliban recruiter told me,
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有一個塔利班的招募員告訴我，
07:56
"There will always be sacrificial lambs in this war."
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「在這場戰爭裡總有人要被犠牲。」
07:59
Thank you.
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謝謝各位。
08:01
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy - FilmmakerSharmeen Obaid-Chinoy makes documentary films. She's the founder of the Citizens Archive of Pakistan, dedicated to preserving Pakistan's history.
Why you should listen
Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy is a film producer and journalist who has worked on 14 films for major networks in the United States and Britain. Her films include Children of the Taliban (with Dan Edge), The Lost Generation (about Iraqi exiles) and Afghanistan Unveiled. Her work has taken her around the world, where she has filmed and worked with refugees, women’s advocacy groups and human rights defenders. By bringing their voices to the outside world, she has often helped them bring about a critical change in their community.
Obaid-Chinoy helped found the Citizens Archive of Pakistan, a nonprofit, volunteer organization that fosters and promotes community-wide interest in the culture and history of Pakistan. Citizens Archive works with thousands of children, teaching critical thinking skills and instilling a sense of pride about their history and identity.
Obaid-Chinoy is a TED2010 Fellow.
Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy | Speaker | TED.com