TED2013
Edith Widder: How we found the giant squid
Edith Widder: Hvordan vi fandt kæmpeblæksprutten
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Menneskeheden har søgt efter kæmpeblæksprutten (Architeuthis) lige siden vi første gang begyndte at tage billeder under vandet. Men dette flygtige rovdyr fra dybet kunne aldrig fanges på film. Havforsker og opfinder Edith Widder deler den vigtige indsigt -- og holdarbejdet -- der hjalp med at fange den tiarmede blæksprutte på film for første gang.
Edith Widder - Marine biologist
Edith Widder combines her expertise in research and technological innovation with a commitment to stopping and reversing the degradation of our marine environment. Full bio
Edith Widder combines her expertise in research and technological innovation with a commitment to stopping and reversing the degradation of our marine environment. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
The Kraken, a beast so terrifying
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Kraken, et bæst så frygtindgydende
00:19
it was said to devour men and ships and whales,
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at det efter sigende kunne fortære mænd og skibe og hvaler,
00:23
and so enormous it could be mistaken for an island.
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og så enorm at det kunne forveksles med en ø.
00:26
In assessing the merits of such tales,
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Når man skal vurdere denne slags fortællingers sandsynlighed,
00:29
it's probably wise to keep in mind that old sailor's saw
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er det nok klogt at huske på at gamle sømænd mente
00:32
that the only difference between a fairytale and a sea story
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at den eneste forskel mellem et eventyr og en søfortælling
00:35
is a fairytale begins, "Once upon a time,"
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er at et eventyr begynder med, "Der var engang,"
00:38
and a sea story begins, "This ain't no shit." (Laughter)
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og en søfortælling begynder med, "Det her er ikke pis." (Latter)
00:43
Every fish that gets away
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Hver eneste fisk der slipper væk
00:45
grows with every telling of the tale.
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vokser hver gang historien genfortælles.
00:47
Nevertheless, there are giants in the ocean,
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Ikke desto mindre er der virkelig kæmper i havet,
00:49
and we now have video proof,
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og nu har vi beviset på film,
00:52
as those of you that saw the Discovery Channel documentary are no doubt aware.
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hvilket de af jer der så dokumentaren på Discovery Channel ikke er i tvivl om.
00:56
I was one of the three scientists on this expedition
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Jeg var en af de tre forskere der var med på denne ekspedition
00:59
that took place last summer off Japan.
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der fandt sted sidste sommer ud for Japans kyst.
01:01
I'm the short one.
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Det er mig der er den lave.
01:03
The other two are Dr. Tsunemi Kubodera and Dr. Steve O'Shea.
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De to andre er Dr. Tsunemi Kubodera og Dr. Steve O´Shea.
01:08
I owe my participation in this now-historic event
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Jeg skylder min deltagelse i denne nu historiske begivenhed
01:11
to TED.
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til TED.
01:13
In 2010, there was a TED event called Mission Blue
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I 2010, var der en TEDevent der hed Mission Blue
01:16
held aboard the Lindblad Explorer in the Galapagos
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som blev afholdt på Lindblad Explorer i Galapagos
01:19
as part of the fulfillment of Sylvia Earle's TED wish.
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som del af opfyldelsen af Sylvia Earles TED ønske.
01:23
I spoke about a new way of exploring the ocean,
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Jeg talte om en ny måde til at udforske havet på,
01:25
one that focuses on attracting animals instead of scaring them away.
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en måde, der fokuserer på at tiltrække dyrene i stedet for at skræmme dem væk.
01:30
Mike deGruy was also invited,
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Mike deGruy var også inviteret med,
01:32
and he spoke with great passion about his love of the ocean,
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og han talte lidenskabeligt om sin kærlighed til havet,
01:36
and he also talked to me about applying my approach
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og han talte også med mig om at bruge min tilgang
01:38
to something he's been involved with for a very long time,
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til noget han har været optaget af i meget lang tid,
01:41
which is the hunt for the giant squid.
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nemlig jagten på kæmpeblæksprutten.
01:44
It was Mike that got me invited to the squid summit,
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Det var Mike, der inviterede mig med til blækspruttemødet,
01:48
a gathering of squid experts at the Discovery Channel
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som var en sammenkomst af blæksprutteeksperter hos Discovery Channel
01:52
that summer during Shark Week. (Laughter)
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den samme sommer under Shark Week. (Latter)
01:57
I gave a talk on unobtrusive viewing
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Jeg holdt et foredrag om at den diskrete iagttagelse
02:00
and optical luring of deep sea squid
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og om at lokke tiarmede dybhavsblæksprutter med optiske midler,
02:02
in which I emphasized the importance
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hvor jeg lagde vægt på vigtigheden
02:04
of using quiet, unobtrusive platforms for exploration.
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af at bruge stille, diskrete platforme til udforskning.
02:09
This came out of hundreds of dives I have made,
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Dette var resultatet af hundredevis af dyk jeg har lavet,
02:12
farting around in the dark
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tøffende rundt i mørket
02:14
using these platforms,
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ved hjælp af disse platforme,
02:17
and my impression that I saw more animals
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og mit indtryk var, at jeg så flere dyr
02:21
working from the submersible
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ved at arbejde fra ubåden
02:23
than I did with either of the remote-operated vehicles.
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end jeg gjorde ved at bruge nogle af de fjernstyrede fartøjer.
02:25
But that could just be because the submersible has a wider field of view.
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Det kunne godt nok skyldes at ubåden har en bredere synsvinkel.
02:29
But I also felt like I saw more animals
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Men jeg følte også at jeg så flere dyr
02:30
working with the Tiburon than the Ventana,
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når jeg arbejdede med Tiburon end jeg gjorde med Ventana,
02:32
two vehicles with the same field of view
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to fartøjer med den samme synsvinkel
02:35
but different propulsion systems.
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men forskellige fremdriftssystemer.
02:37
So my suspicion was that it might have something to do with the amount of noise they make.
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Så min mistanke var at det kunne have noget at gøre med mængden af støj jeg lavede.
02:41
So I set up a hydrophone on the bottom of the ocean,
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Så jeg placerede en hydrofon på bunden af havet,
02:43
and I had each of these fly by at the same speed and distance
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og fik hvert fartøj til at flyve forbi ved samme hastighed og afstand
02:46
and recorded the sound they made.
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og optog den lyd de lavede.
02:48
The Johnson Sea-Link -- (whirring noise) --
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Johnson Sea-Link -- (summende lyd) --
02:50
which you can probably just barely hear here,
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som I sikkert kun lige kan høre,
02:53
uses electric thrusters -- very, very quiet.
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bruger elektriske propeller -- meget, meget stille.
02:56
The Tiburon also uses electric powered thrusters.
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Tiburon bruger også elektrisk drevet propeller.
03:00
It's also pretty quiet, but a bit noisier. (Louder whirring noise)
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Den er også temmelig stille, men lidt mere støjende.
03:05
But most deep-diving ROVs these days use hydraulics
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Men de fleste ROVer der dykker ned i dybet nu til dags, bruger hydraulik
03:08
and they sound like the Ventana. (Loud beeping noise)
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og de lyder som Ventana. (Høj bippende lyd)
03:11
I think that's got to be scaring a lot of animals away.
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Jeg tror det skræmmer mange dyr væk.
03:15
So for the deep sea squid hunt,
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Så til jagten på tiarmede blæksprutter i dybet
03:17
I proposed using an optical lure
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foreslog jeg at bruge et optisk blink
03:19
attached to a camera platform
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der sad fast på en kameraplatform
03:22
with no thrusters, no motors,
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uden propeller, uden motor,
03:26
just a battery-powered camera,
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kun et batteridrevet kamera,
03:29
and the only illumination coming from red light
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og den eneste belysning kommer fra rødt lys
03:32
that's invisible to most deep-sea animals
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der er usynligt for de fleste dyr i dybhavet
03:34
that are adapted to see primarily blue.
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som har tilpasset sig til primært at se blåt.
03:37
That's visible to our eye,
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Det er synligt for vores øjne,
03:38
but it's the equivalent of infrared in the deep sea.
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men det er det samme som infrarødt i dybhavet.
03:42
So this camera platform, which we called the Medusa,
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Så denne kameraplatform, som vi kaldte Medusa,
03:45
could just be thrown off the back of the ship,
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kunne bare kastes ud over bagenden af skibet,
03:47
attached to a float at the surface with over 2,000 feet of line,
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fastgjort til en ponton, der flyder på overfladen med mere end 600 meter line,
03:52
it would just float around passively carried by the currents,
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og den vil bare flyde passivt rundt, båret af strømmen,
03:56
and the only light visible to the animals in the deep
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og det eneste synlige lys for dyrene i dybet
04:01
would be the blue light of the optical lure,
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er det blå lys af det optiske blink,
04:05
which we called the electronic jellyfish, or e-jelly,
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som vi kalder den elektroniske gople, eller e-goplen,
04:09
because it was designed to imitate
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fordi den var deisgnet til at ligne
04:11
the bioluminescent display
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den bioluminiscens der stammer fra
04:14
of the common deep sea jellyfish Atolla.
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den almindelige dybhavsgople, Atolla.
04:17
Now, this pinwheel of light that the Atolla produces
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Denne mølle af lys som Atollaen producerer
04:21
is known as a bioluminescent burglar alarm
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er kendt som en bioluminiscent tyverialarm
04:24
and is a form of defense.
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og er en forsvarmekanisme.
04:26
The reason that the electronic jellyfish worked as a lure
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Grunden til at den elektroniske gople fungerede som et blink
04:29
is not because giant squid eat jellyfish,
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er ikke fordi kæmpeblæksprutter spiser gopler,
04:32
but it's because this jellyfish only resorts to producing this light
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men fordi goplen kun tyer til at bruge dette lys
04:36
when it's being chewed on by a predator
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når et rovdyr tygger på den,
04:39
and its only hope for escape
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og dens eneste håb om redning
04:41
may be to attract the attention of a larger predator
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er at tiltrække et større rovdyrs opmærksomhed
04:44
that will attack its attacker
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som vil angribe goplens angriber
04:46
and thereby afford it an opportunity for escape.
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og derved give goplen en chance for at slippe væk.
04:49
It's a scream for help, a last-ditch attempt for escape,
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Det er et råb om hjælp, et sidste desperat forsøg på at undslippe,
04:53
and a common form of defense in the deep sea.
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og en udbredt selvforsvarsmetode i dybhavet.
04:56
The approach worked.
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Fremgangsmåden virkede.
04:58
Whereas all previous expeditions had failed to garner
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Mens alle tidligere ekspeditioner havde fejlet
05:02
a single video glimpse of the giant,
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og ikke fået et eneste videoglimt af kæmpen,
05:04
we managed six, and the first triggered wild excitement.
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fik vi hele seks, og den første udløste enorm begejstring:
05:09
Edith Widder (on video): Oh my God. Oh my God! Are you kidding me?Other scientists: Oh ho ho! That's just hanging there.
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Edith Widder (på video): Åh gud. Åh Gud! Tager du gas på mig? Andre forskere: Oh ho ho! Den hænger bare der.
05:22
EW: It was like it was teasing us, doing a kind of fan dance --
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EW: Det var som om den drillede os, og lavede en slags viftedans --
05:25
now you see me, now you don't --
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nu ser I mig, nu ser I mig ikke --
05:27
and we had four such teasing appearances,
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og vi oplevede fire af den slags drillende optrædender,
05:30
and then on the fifth, it came in and totally wowed us.
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og på den femte, kom den ind og begejstrede os totalt.
05:36
(Music) Narrator: (Speaking in Japanese)
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(Musik) Fortæller: (Snakker japansk)
05:40
Scientists: Ooh. Bang! Oh my God! Whoa!
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Forskere: Ooh. Bang! Åh gud! Whoa!
05:52
(Applause)
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(Bifald)
05:55
EW: The full monty.
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EW: Hele baduljen.
06:00
What really wowed me about that
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Det der virkelig begejstrede mig,
06:01
was the way it came in up over the e-jelly
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var måden hvorpå den kom hen over e-goplen
06:03
and then attacked the enormous thing next to it,
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og så angreb den store ting ved siden af den,
06:05
which I think it mistook for the predator on the e-jelly.
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som jeg tror den fejlagtigt opfattede som e-goplens trussel.
06:09
But even more incredible was the footage shot
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Men endnu mere utroligt var optagelserne
06:11
from the Triton submersible.
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fra Triton-ubåden.
06:14
What was not mentioned in the Discovery documentary
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Noget, der ikke blev nævnt i Discoverys dokumentar
06:17
was that the bait squid that Dr. Kubodera used,
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var at den lokkeblæksprutte som Dr. Kubodera brugte --
06:20
a one-meter long diamondback squid
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-- en 1 meter lang "diamondback" oceanisk blæksprutte --
06:24
had a light attached to it, a squid jig
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havde et lys til fæstnet til sig, en blækspruttepilk
06:26
of the type that longline fishermen use,
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af den slags som dybhavsfiskere bruger,
06:29
and I think it was this light
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og jeg tror det var dette lys
06:31
that brought the giant in.
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som lokkede kæmpen ind.
06:33
Now, what you're seeing
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Det, man ser her
06:35
is the intensified camera's view under red light,
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er kamerasynsfeltet, forstærket i rødt lys,
06:40
and that's all Dr. Kubodera could see when the giant comes in here.
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og det er alt Dr. Kubodera kan se, når kæmpen kommer ind i billedet.
06:44
And then he got so excited,
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Og så blev han så begejstret,
06:47
he turned on his flashlight because he wanted to see better,
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at han tændte sin lygte for at kunne se bedre,
06:50
and the giant didn't run away,
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og kæmpen flygtede ikke,
06:52
so he risked turning on the white lights on the submersible,
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så han vovede at tænde for det hvide lys på ubåden,
06:55
bringing a creature of legend
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og bragte en skabning fra sagnverdener,
06:58
from the misty history into high-resolution video.
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fra den urorhistorien, ind i højopløsningsfilm.
07:03
It was absolutely breathtaking,
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Det var åndeløst spændende,
07:06
and had this animal had its feeding tentacles intact
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og havde dette dyrs store fangearme været intakte
07:09
and fully extended,
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og fuldt udstrakte,
07:11
it would have been as tall as a two-story house.
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ville den havde været lige så høj som en to-etagers bygning.
07:14
How could something that big
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Hvordan kan noget så stort
07:17
live in our ocean and yet remain unfilmed until now?
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leve i vores hav og være forblevet ufilmet indtil nu?
07:21
We've only explored about five percent of our ocean.
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Vi har kun udforsket cirka fem procent af vores hav.
07:25
There are great discoveries yet to be made down there,
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Der er stadig store opdagelser der venter på at blive gjort,
07:28
fantastic creatures representing millions of years of evolution
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fantastiske væsner der repræsenterer millioner af års evolution
07:33
and possibly bioactive compounds
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og muligvis bioaktive blandinger,
07:35
that could benefit us in ways that we can't even yet imagine.
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der kunne være til gavn for os på måder som vi ikke engang kan forestille os.
07:38
Yet we have spent only a tiny fraction
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Og dog har vi kun brugt en lille brøkdel
07:42
of the money on ocean exploration
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af penge på udforskning af havet
07:45
that we've spent on space exploration.
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i forhold til hvad vi har brugt på udforskning af rummet.
07:47
We need a NASA-like organization for ocean exploration,
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Vi har brug for en NASA-lignende organisation til havudforskning,
07:51
because we need to be exploring and protecting
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fordi vi bør i gang med at udforske og beskytte
07:54
our life support systems here on Earth.
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vores livsbevarende økosystemer her på jorden.
07:56
We need — thank you. (Applause)
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Vi skal -- tak. (Bifald)
08:03
Exploration is the engine that drives innovation.
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Udforskning er maskinen, der driver innovation fremad.
08:05
Innovation drives economic growth.
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Innovation driver økonomisk vækst.
08:08
So let's all go exploring,
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Så lad os alle tage ud og udforske,
08:10
but let's do it in a way that doesn't scare the animals away,
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men lad os gøre det på en måde, der ikke skræmmer dyrene væk,
08:13
or, as Mike deGruy once said,
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eller, som Mike deGruy sagde engang,
08:15
"If you want to get away from it all
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"Hvis man vil væk fra det hele
08:17
and see something you've never seen,
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og se noget som man aldrig før har set,
08:19
or have an excellent chance of seeing something that no one's ever seen,
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eller få en storartet chance for at se noget som ingen andre har set,
08:22
get in a sub."
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så hop ned i en ubåd."
08:24
He should have been with us for this adventure.
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Han skulle have været med os på dette eventyr.
08:26
We miss him.
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Vi savner ham.
08:28
(Applause)
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(Bifald)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Edith Widder - Marine biologistEdith Widder combines her expertise in research and technological innovation with a commitment to stopping and reversing the degradation of our marine environment.
Why you should listen
A specialist in bioluminescence, Edith Widder helps design and invent new submersible instruments and equipment to study bioluminescence and enable unobtrusive observation of deep-sea environments. Her innovative tools for exploration have produced footage of rare and wonderful bioluminescent displays and never-before-seen denizens of the deep, including, most recently, the first video ever recorded of the giant squid, Architeuthis, in its natural habitat.
In 2005 she founded the Ocean Research & Conservation Association (ORCA), which is dedicated to protecting aquatic ecosystems and the species they sustain through the development of innovative technologies and science-based conservation action.; In an effort to protect and revitalize the ocean she loves she has been focusing on developing tools for finding and tracking pollution -- a major threat to all of our water ecosystems and ultimately to human health. She was awarded a MacArthur "genius" grant in 2006.
In 2012, Widder was among the team that filmed the giant squid (Architeuthis) for the first time in its home ocean.
Edith Widder | Speaker | TED.com