Noah Feldman: Hamilton vs. Madison and the birth of American partisanship
Noah Feldman: Hamilton vs. Madison y el nacimiento del partidismo estadounidense
Noah Feldman studies the intersection of religion, politics and law. Full bio
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for the last year or so,
en el último año más o menos,
like the following three propositions:
alguna de estas tres posturas:
has never been so bad before;
nunca había sido tan acentuado;
it's geographically spatialized --
distribuido geográficamente,
which want to look outwards,
que quieren mirar al exterior,
which wants to look inwards;
que quiere mirar al interior;
that all three of these propositions,
que estas tres posturas,
in almost eerily the same way
geográficamente casi de la misma manera
throughout US history.
de la historia de EE.UU.
lo más importante,
an extraordinary mechanism
un mecanismo extraordinario
factional disagreement and partisanship.
y los conflictos entre facciones.
supplely designed entity
diseñada con flexibilidad,
factional disagreement
el desacuerdo entre facciones
for overcoming that disagreement
para superar ese desacuerdo
to a pivotal moment in US history,
en la historia de EE.UU. :
y del desacuerdo entre facciones.
and partisanship was born.
when partisanship snapped into place.
en el que surge el partidismo.
of that story is James Madison.
of not only the US Constitution,
de la Constitución de EE.UU.,
more globally,
constitucional más global,
designed, passed and gotten ratified
aprobó y logró ratificar
some sense of the enormity
una idea de la enormidad
couldn't have known it at the time,
pudo saber en ese momento
that he invented is still in use
que él inventó sigue en uso
of contexts all over the world,
de contextos en todo el mundo,
to manage governance.
para gestionar la gobernanza.
having solved this problem,
habiendo resuelto esto,
y que había diseñado una tecnología
the results of factions
de las facciones
he had designed a constitution
diseñado una constitución
que los haría innecesarios.
of his constitutional project
de su proyecto constitucional
called Alexander Hamilton.
llamado Alexander Hamilton.
Madison was not.
where Madison was restrained.
que Madison era reservado.
to a woman expect for once
no le habló a una mujer
and lived happily ever after for 40 years.
y vivieron felices durante 40 años.
Hamilton era el tipo de persona
a hip-hop musical --
un musical de hip-hop,
a hip-hop musical.
un musical de hip-hop.
the Federalist Papers,
que ofrecieron una justificación
and wildly successful.
y tuvo un éxito rotundo.
Hamilton fue Secretario del Tesoro,
financieras y con la infraestructura
and infrastructure
for constitutions.
había hecho con las constituciones.
sus contemporáneos lo sabían.
a quien pudo no gustarle mucho,
of infrastructure.
de la infraestructura.
the United States a national bank,
un banco nacional,
"immortal," his phrase --
that would enable trade and manufacturing
posible el comercio y la manufactura
wealth had historically been.
del país, y siempre lo había sido.
that his old friend Hamilton was wrong
que su viejo amigo Hamilton
las políticas equivocadas,
were unconstitutional --
eran inconstitucionales,
of the Constitution
naturaleza de la Constitución
the way you would expect.
his "personal and political enemy" --
"enemigo político personal",
such close friends and such close allies
amigos íntimos y aliados tan cercanos
old-fashioned way.
the Democratic Republican Party --
Partido Republicano Democrático,
called the Federalist Party.
llamado Partido Federalista.
positions on national politics
posturas en política nacional
que el país tendría algunas industrias,
some manufacturing and some trade
de los mercados financieros
to put in charge of the country.
poner a cargo del país.
pero era algo que Madison llegó a creer.
Madison came to believe.
was to look inwards
al interior del país,
of Republican virtue,
de la virtud republicana,
that had made American great,
que habían hecho grande a EE.UU.,
by saying that Madison was naïve,
que Madison era ingenuo,
to turn the United States
a EE.UU. en una autarquía primitiva,
on the global scale.
ineficaz a escala mundial.
to each of their claims,
en todas sus afirmaciones,
the views of the other
las opiniones del otro
came entirely through the lens
pasaban totalmente por la lente
or the Federalist party.
o del partido Federalista.
the Constitution did its work.
hizo su trabajo.
de maneras sorprendentes
had not fully anticipated.
no había anticipado plenamente.
a los republicanos.
when he thought about anything --
cuando pensaba en algo,
that the press was so pro-Federalist
porque los anunciantes eran federalistas,
were all Federalists,
que ganaban su capital de Gran Bretaña,
who got their capital from Britain,
una vez en el poder,
criticism of the government --
la crítica al gobierno
the freedom of speech,
la libertad de expresión,
into the Bill of Rights,
en la Declaración de Derechos,
Democratic-Republican Societies --
Sociedades Democrático-Republicanas—
against Federalist-dominated hegemony.
contra la hegemonía federalista dominante.
to win a national election --
ganar una elección nacional,
became president,
fue presidente,
completely out of business.
por completo del panorama.
of the Constitution
de la Constitución
that actually managed faction
que manejaban a la facción
in the first place.
hacer en primer lugar.
en ese entonces.
that the government was terrible.
private groups, individuals,
grupos privados, individuos,
about fundamental change.
un cambio fundamental.
was the separation of powers --
fue la separación de poderes,
of the Constitution.
de la Constitución.
in the United States
con la ayuda de la periferia,
unless you bring on board the center.
a menos que estés en el centro.
that come incredibly fast
que vienen increíblemente rápido
the president, in fact, does not rule
ni regula ni gobierna,
which other people have to agree with --
y ver si otras personas están de acuerdo,
to drive presidents
llevar a los presidentes
hacia el centro.
will reveal to you
de hoy les revelará
completely in operation.
operando por completo.
un presidente,
follows the rules of the Constitution,
siga las reglas de la Constitución,
as indeed has sometimes occurred,
como de hecho ha ocurrido a veces,
but in the past, in US history.
en la historia de EE.UU.
they need to win election
que necesitan ganar elecciones
in order to pass laws.
sus políticas y aprobar leyes.
de esta breve digresión
then, is the following:
es lo siguiente:
is greater than partisanship.
es mayor que el partidismo.
when that's possible,
cuando es posible,
to overcome partisan division
superar la división partidista
siempre que sea posible.
is a technology that worked
of the Civil War,
pero luego empezó a funcionar otra vez.
para nuestros padres,
that you care about,
que les importan,
that matter to you,
que les importan a Uds.,
and knowledge and confidence
con el conocimiento y la confianza
can do the job that it is designed to do.
funcionará para lo que fue pensada.
pero respiren profundamente al hacerlo.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Noah Feldman - Constitutional law scholarNoah Feldman studies the intersection of religion, politics and law.
Why you should listen
Noah Feldman is a professor and writer who tries to figure out how to make the government follow the rules; what the rules are that the government has to follow; and what to do if the rules are being broken. In his work, he asks questions like: How can a 225-year-old constitutional blueprint still work? Can you design a new and better constitution from scratch in places like Iraq and Tunisia? What rights do we have, really?
Feldman is the Felix Frankfurter Professor of Law at Harvard Law School and a contributing writer for Bloomberg View. He served as senior constitutional advisor to the Coalition Provisional Authority in Iraq, and advised members of the Iraqi Governing Council on the drafting of the Transitional Administrative Law or interim constitution. He is writing a biography on James Madison, principal author of the Constitution and fourth president of the US; it's forthcoming in 2017.
Feldman is the author of six other books: Cool War: The Future of Global Competition (Random House, 2013); Scorpions: The Battles and Triumphs of FDR’s Great Supreme Court Justices (Twelve Publishing, 2010); The Fall and Rise of the Islamic State (Princeton University Press, 2008); Divided By God: America's Church-State Problem and What We Should Do About It (Farrar, Straus & Giroux 2005); What We Owe Iraq: War and the Ethics of Nation-building (Princeton University Press 2004) and After Jihad: America and the Struggle for Islamic Democracy (Farrar, Straus & Giroux 2003. He most recently co-authored two textbooks: Constitutional Law, Eighteenth Edition (Foundation Press, 2013) and First Amendment Law, Fifth Edition (Foundation Press, 2013).
Noah Feldman | Speaker | TED.com