Vittorio Loreto: Need a new idea? Start at the edge of what is known
비토리오 로레토(Vittorio Loreto): 새 아이디어가 필요한가요? 이미 아는 것의 가장자리에서 시작하세요.
Vittorio Loreto is passionate about the complexity of the world around us in all its forms and he actively tries to decode it. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
what they achieved, right?
위대함을 얻어냈는지. 그렇죠?
their achievements are,
of Newton's apple, right? OK.
모두 아시죠? 좋아요.
that no apple at all was there.
생각하긴 어렵겠죠.
some specific conditions
not impossible to conceive.
easy to pick as an apple.
사과만큼 줍기 쉬웠습니다.
in the history of ideas
아무도 얻지 못할 만큼
something adjacent and possible,
and his very peculiar scientific path?
그만의 특이한 과학 경로였을까요?
that the path was not there.
the origin of great ideas
in which the new enters our lives.
구체적이기 어렵습니다.
the right questions
a great conceptual framework
the right questions.
to the edge of what is known,
여러분을 데려가 드리죠.
and fascinating starting point
심오한 것을 얻을
of words like novelty, innovation,
논의 중이죠.
in many different ways,
여러 방식으로 들어옵니다.
or I listen to a new song.
a new technology,
if you're the writer,
if you're the composer.
the new is for everyone,
새로움은 모두에게 옵니다.
can be also frightening,
무서울 수도 있죠.
means exploring a very peculiar space,
아주 색다른 우주 탐험입니다.
the space of possibilities.
가능성의 우주죠.
so I'll try to get you through this space.
여러분께 설명을 드리죠.
Machu Picchu for the first time,
처음 오르는 것일지도요.
making sense of it, in a word, learning.
한마디로 배움이죠.
fight of viruses and bacteria
at grasping this space.
정말 정말 이해 못합니다.
you could do in the next, say, 24 hours.
할 수 있는 모든 걸 떠올리세요.
like having a drink, writing a letter,
술 마시기, 편지 쓰기
now, here, in Milan,
여기 밀라노에요.
for 15 minutes.
15분 동안 멈추죠.
to conceive this space,
the occurrence of something brand new,
with the eyes of the past,
the time series of past events
to predict the future.
for weather forecasts, and it failed.
of the great complexity
had to be based on modeling,
모델링이 필요함을 압니다.
a synthetic model of the system,
인공 모델을 만드는 일이죠.
and then projecting the system
with the eye of the past
in the middle of the Australian Outback.
본인을 상상해보세요.
crossing the street.
that the car has no driver.
the kangaroo is not there anymore.
차는 움직이지 않습니다.
cannot make sense
jumping here and there on the street.
this is a true story.
이건 실화입니다.
to Volvo's self-driving cars
몇 달 전에 벌어졌죠.
more and more in the near future
and machine learning.
I would say 17th century,
17세기라고 할까요.
and new clues to start solving it.
새 도구와 단서가 있습니다.
was very special in Rome.
로마엔 특별했습니다.
snowfalls of its history.
for me and my colleagues,
저와 동료들한테도 특별했죠.
about the possible mathematical scheme --
possible mathematical scheme,
가능한 수학적 계획이요.
because it was snowing,
we were blocked, stuck in my department,
maybe not that date, precisely --
아름다운 구상 사이를 연결했습니다.
proposed years before
consists of all those things.
이런 것들로 구성됩니다.
it could be technological products
기술 제품일 수도 있지만
through incremental modifications
of the existing material.
about the space of my friends,
제 친구들의 우주가 있다면,
the set of all friends of my friends
친구의 친구들 집합 중
my adjacent possible,
제 가깝고 가능함에 들어옵니다.
from the mathematical point of view --
Now you are the red spot.
빨간 점이 여러분입니다.
is the adjacent possible for you,
가깝고 가능합니다.
You meet friends. You read a book.
you end up on the green spot,
in this very moment,
for you to foresee this
a huge set of points
at some later stages.
of the possible is very peculiar,
참 독특합니다.
continuously shaped and reshaped
by these connections we made --
이런 연결에 흥분했습니다.
for the adjacent possible,
수학 공식을 구상했죠.
Kauffman proposals.
20년이 지난 후에요.
on a complex interplay
재구성되는 과정과
this space of possibilities expands
a certain number of predictions
across a few predictions we made.
예측을 들려드리죠.
the pace of innovation,
in very different systems.
발견하는 빠르기죠.
that the rate of innovation
혁신 속도는
in very different conditions.
that the rate of innovation
is predicted to become more difficult
It's beautiful. We were happy.
아름다웠죠. 우린 만족했어요.
terabytes of data,
so amazed and pleased and thrilled
we made in the theory
we were on the right track,
we made another discovery
by Leonard Cohen,
'Suzanne'를 듣고는
triggers your passion for Cohen
listening to his whole production.
that Fabrizio De André here
is already encoding the common belief
하나 건너 하나라는 상식을
we could give, for the first time,
we experience the new.
that impossible missions
to trigger a positive chain reaction.
어떻게든 유발할 겁니다.
of the existence of the adjacent possible
세 번째 결과가 있는데,
all the time to Mozart or Beethoven,
듣고 있겠죠.
or Justin Bieber -- well, some of us do.
뭐, 누군가는요.
all of these patterns
we collected and analyzed.
확실히 볼 수 있었습니다.
that popular hits in music
still leaving room for evergreens.
between evergreens and new hits.
predicts these waves of novelties.
예측만 하진 않습니다.
display different strategies
already known paths.
into new adventures.
all the systems we investigated
조사한 모든 시스템은
between these two strategies,
가장자리가 있었습니다.
20 percent exploring,
blade runners of innovation.
you could also say a conservative balance,
보수적 균형도 되겠네요
between exploitation and exploration,
베끼기와 탐험 사이 균형은
and perhaps needed in our system.
시스템에 필요할지 모릅니다.
now we have scientific tools
이젠 이 균형을 조사하고
in the near future.
is already providing cues and hints
탐험하는 법을 알아낼
all of us create it and explore it.
of something that has the potential
새로움을 과학적으로 연구할
for a scientific investigation of the new,
출발 지점입니다.
a personal investigation of the new.
a lot of consequences
research, business.
about artificial intelligence,
artificial intelligence,
of the adjacent possible,
더 생기길 빌어야 하고,
with the unknowns of the future.
대응도 해야 하겠죠.
how creativity works
뭐가 혁신을 유발하는지를
is to raise a generation of people
to face the challenges in front of us.
일으켜 세우는 겁니다.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Vittorio Loreto - PhysicistVittorio Loreto is passionate about the complexity of the world around us in all its forms and he actively tries to decode it.
Why you should listen
Vittorio Loreto is a physicist at Sapienza University of Rome and faculty of the Complexity Science Hub Vienna. He is presently director of the SONY Computer Science Laboratories in Paris where he heads the team on creativity, innovation and artificial intelligence. He recently coordinated the research program dubbed KREYON, aimed at unfolding the dynamics of creativity, novelties and innovation. While theoretical modeling and data analysis are his native research tools, in the last few years he has been developing interactive tools, games, installations, to directly involve the public on the very research agenda. He created the KREYON DAYS, a new form of scientific event that tightly entangles research, learning, awareness and fun.
Vittorio Loreto | Speaker | TED.com