ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Nalini Nadkarni - Tree researcher
Called "the queen of canopy research," Nalini Nadkarni explores the rich, vital world found in the tops of trees. She communicates what she finds to non-scientists -- with the help of poets, preachers and prisoners.

Why you should listen

Nalini Nadkarni has spent two decades climbing the trees of Costa Rica, Papua New Guinea, the Amazon and the Pacific Northwest, exploring the world of animals and plants that live in the canopy and never come down; and how this upper layer of the forest interacts with the world on the ground. A pioneering researcher in this area, Nadkarni created the Big Canopy Database to help researchers store and understand the rich trove of data she and others are uncovering.

Nadkarni teaches at Evergreen State College in Olympia, Washington, but her work outside the academy is equally fascinating -- using nontraditional vectors to teach the general public about trees and the ecosystem. For instance, she recently collaborated with the dance troupe Capacitor to explore the process of growth through the medium of the human body. In another project, she worked with prison inmates to grow moss for the horticulture trade, to relieve the collecting pressure on wild mosses. The project inspired in her students a new reverence for nature -- and some larger ecochanges at the prison.

She's the author of Between Earth and Sky: Our Intimate Connections to Trees.

More profile about the speaker
Nalini Nadkarni | Speaker | TED.com
TED2010

Nalini Nadkarni: Life science in prison

Nalini Nadkarni: Ciência da Vida nos presídios

Filmed:
532,793 views

Nalini Nadkarni desafia nossa perspectiva de árvores e presídios -- ela diz que ambos podem ser mais dinâmicos do que imaginamos. Através de uma parceria com o estado de Washington, ela leva aulas de ciência e programas de preservação para presos, com resultados inesperados.
- Tree researcher
Called "the queen of canopy research," Nalini Nadkarni explores the rich, vital world found in the tops of trees. She communicates what she finds to non-scientists -- with the help of poets, preachers and prisoners. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:16
Trees epitomize stasis.
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As árvores são um exemplo de equilíbrio.
00:19
Trees are rooted in the ground in one place
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Elas estão enraizadas em um lugar
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for many human generations,
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por muitas gerações humanas.
00:24
but if we shift our perspective
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Mas se mudarmos nossa visão
00:26
from the trunk to the twigs,
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do tronco para os galhos,
00:28
trees become very dynamic entities,
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as árvores se tornam entidades muito dinâmicas,
00:30
moving and growing.
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se movendo e crescendo.
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And I decided to explore this movement
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E eu decidi explorar esse movimento
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by turning trees into artists.
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transformando-as em artistas.
00:36
I simply tied the end of a paintbrush onto a twig.
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Eu apenas amarrei um pincel em um galho.
00:39
I waited for the wind to come up and held up a canvas,
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E esperei o vento vir e segurei um quadro.
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and that produced art.
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E isso produziu arte.
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The piece of art you see on your left
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Esse pedaço de arte que vêem à esquerda
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is painted by a western red cedar
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foi pintado por uma tuia gigante vermelha,
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and that on your right by a Douglas fir,
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e à direita por um pinheiro.
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and what I learned was that different species
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E o que aprendi foi que espécies diferentes
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have different signatures, like a Picasso versus a Monet.
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tem diferentes assinaturas, como um Picasso frente a um Monet.
00:55
But I was also interested in the movement of trees
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Mas eu também estava interessada no movimento das árvores
00:57
and how this art might let me capture that and quantify it,
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e como essa arte me deixaria capturá-lo e quantificá-lo.
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so to measure the distance that a single vine maple tree --
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Então para medir a distância que uma árvore --
01:04
which produced this painting -- moved in a single year,
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que fez essa pintura -- percorreu em um ano,
01:07
I simply measured and summed
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eu apenas medi e somei
01:09
each of those lines.
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cada uma dessas linhas.
01:11
I multiplied them by the number of twigs per branch
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Eu as multipliquei pelo número de ramos por galho
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and the number of branches per tree
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e o número de galhos por árvore
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and then divided that by the number of minutes per year.
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e então dividi isso pelo número de minutos por ano.
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And so I was able to calculate
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E então fui capaz de calcular
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how far a single tree moved in a single year.
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quão longe uma árvore se moveu em um ano.
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You might have a guess.
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Vocês devem ter um palpite.
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The answer is actually 186,540 miles,
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A resposta é 298.464 quilômetros,
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or seven times around the globe.
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ou sete voltas ao redor do globo.
01:32
And so simply by shifting our perspective from a single trunk
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E então ao simplesmente mudar nossa perspectiva de um
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to the many dynamic twigs,
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para vários galhos dinâmicos,
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we are able to see that trees are not simply static entities,
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fomos capazes de ver que árvores não são apenas entidades estáticas,
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but rather extremely dynamic.
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pelo contrário, são muito dinâmicas.
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And I began to think about ways that
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E eu comecei a pensar em maneiras que
01:45
we might consider this lesson of trees,
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nos faria considerar essa lição das árvores,
01:47
to consider other entities that are also static and stuck,
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a considerar outras entidades que também são estáticas e imutáveis,
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but which cry for change and dynamicism,
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mas que imploram por mudanças e flexibilidade.
01:53
and one of those entities is our prisons.
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E uma delas são nossos presídios.
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Prisons, of course, are where people who break our laws
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Presídios, é claro, são lugares onde infratores
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are stuck, confined behind bars.
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ficam presos, confinados atrás de barras.
02:01
And our prison system itself is stuck.
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E nosso sistema carcerário está encalhado.
02:04
The United States has over 2.3 million
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Os Estados Unidos tem mais de 2,3 milhões
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incarcerated men and women.
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de presos, homens e mulheres.
02:08
That number is rising.
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Esse número está crescendo.
02:10
Of the 100 incarcerated people that are released,
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De cada 100 presos que são liberados,
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60 will return to prison.
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60 vão retornar aos presídios.
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Funds for education, for training
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Verbas para educação, treinamento
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and for rehabilitation are declining,
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e reabilitação estão diminuindo.
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so this despairing cycle of incarceration continues.
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Então esse ciclo desesperador continua.
02:23
I decided to ask whether the lesson
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Eu decidi perguntar se a lição
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I had learned from trees as artists
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que tinha aprendido de árvores como artistas
02:27
could be applied to a static institution
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poderia ser aplicada à uma instituição estática
02:29
such as our prisons,
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como nossos presídios.
02:31
and I think the answer is yes.
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E eu acho que a resposta é sim.
02:33
In the year 2007,
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No ano de 2007
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I started a partnership
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comecei uma parceria
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with the Washington State Department of Corrections.
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com o Departamento de Reeducação Estadual de Washington,
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Working with four prisons, we began bringing science and scientists,
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trabalhando com quatro presídios, começamos a levar ciência e cientistas,
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sustainability and conservation projects
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sustentabilidade e projetos de preservação
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to four state prisons.
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para quatro presídios estaduais.
02:48
We give science lectures,
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Damos palestras científicas.
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and the men here are choosing to come to our science lectures
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E os homens aqui estão escolhendo vir às palestras
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instead of watching television or weightlifting.
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ao invés de assistir televisão ou malhar.
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That, I think, is movement.
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Isso, eu acho, que é um progresso.
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We partnered with the Nature Conservancy
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Nos associamos com o órgão de preservação da natureza
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for inmates at Stafford Creek Correctional Center
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para que presos no centro de reeducação de Stafford Creek
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to grow endangered prairie plants
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cultivassem plantas em extinção nas planícies
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for restoration of relic prairie areas in Washington state.
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para a restauração de áreas arruinadas no estado de Washington.
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That, I think, is movement.
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Isso, acredito, é progresso.
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We worked with the Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife
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Trabalhamos com o Departamento de Peixes e Vida Marinha do estado de Washington
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to grow endangered frogs -- the Oregon spotted frog --
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para criar sapos em extinção, o sapo Oregon spotted,
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for later release into protected wetlands.
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para soltá-los em reservas.
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That, I think, is movement.
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Isso, acredito, é progresso.
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And just recently, we've begun to work with
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E recentemente, começamos a trabalhar com
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those men who are segregated
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esses homens que estão isolados
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in what we call Supermax facilities.
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no que chamamos de instalações Supermax
03:27
They've incurred violent infractions
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Eles realizaram infrações graves
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by becoming violent with guards
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por se tornarem violentos com os guardas
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and with other prisoners.
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e com outros presidiários.
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They're kept in bare cells like this
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Eles são mantidos em celas simples como essa
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for 23 hours a day.
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23 horas por dia.
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When they have meetings with their review boards or mental health professionals,
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Quando eles tem encontro com seus psicólogos ou avaliadores,
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they're placed in immobile booths like this.
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eles são colocados em cabines imóveis como essa.
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For one hour a day
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Uma hora por dia
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they're brought to these bleak and bland exercise yards.
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eles são trazidos a esses sombrios e desinteressantes pátios para exercícios.
03:48
Although we can't bring trees and prairie plants
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E embora não possamos levar árvores e plantas das planícies
03:50
and frogs into these environments,
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e sapos a esses ambientes,
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we are bringing images of nature
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levamos imagens da natureza
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into these exercise yards,
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para esses pátios,
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putting them on the walls, so at least they get contact
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colocando-as nas paredes, para que eles pelo menos tenham contato
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with visual images of nature.
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com imagens da natureza.
04:01
This is Mr. Lopez, who has been in solitary confinement for 18 months,
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Esse é o Sr. Lopez, que esteve na solitária por 18 meses.
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and he's providing input on the types of images
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E ele está fornecendo informações sobre as imagens
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that he believes would make him and his fellow inmates
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que acredita que fariam ele e seus companheiros
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more serene, more calm,
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mais serenos, mais calmos,
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less apt to violence.
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menos aptos à violência.
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And so what we see, I think,
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E então o que vemos, creio,
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is that small, collective movements of change
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é que pequenos e coletivos movimentos de mudança
04:20
can perhaps move
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podem talvez mover
04:22
an entity such as our own prison system
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uma entidade como nosso sistema carcerário
04:25
in a direction of hope.
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em direção à esperança.
04:27
We know that trees are static entities
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Sabemos que árvores são estáticas
04:30
when we look at their trunks.
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quando olhamos seus troncos.
04:32
But if trees can create art,
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Mas se elas podem criar arte,
04:34
if they can encircle the globe seven times in one year,
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se elas podem percorrer o mundo sete vezes em um ano,
04:37
if prisoners can grow plants and raise frogs,
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se presidiários podem cultivar plantas e criar sapos,
04:40
then perhaps there are other static entities
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então talvez há outras entidades estáticas
04:43
that we hold inside ourselves,
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que mantemos dentro de nós,
04:46
like grief, like addictions,
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como mágoas, vícios,
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like racism,
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racismo,
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that can also change.
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que também podem mudar.
04:52
Thank you very much.
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Muito Obrigado.
04:54
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
Translated by Tulio Leao
Reviewed by Belucio Haibara

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Nalini Nadkarni - Tree researcher
Called "the queen of canopy research," Nalini Nadkarni explores the rich, vital world found in the tops of trees. She communicates what she finds to non-scientists -- with the help of poets, preachers and prisoners.

Why you should listen

Nalini Nadkarni has spent two decades climbing the trees of Costa Rica, Papua New Guinea, the Amazon and the Pacific Northwest, exploring the world of animals and plants that live in the canopy and never come down; and how this upper layer of the forest interacts with the world on the ground. A pioneering researcher in this area, Nadkarni created the Big Canopy Database to help researchers store and understand the rich trove of data she and others are uncovering.

Nadkarni teaches at Evergreen State College in Olympia, Washington, but her work outside the academy is equally fascinating -- using nontraditional vectors to teach the general public about trees and the ecosystem. For instance, she recently collaborated with the dance troupe Capacitor to explore the process of growth through the medium of the human body. In another project, she worked with prison inmates to grow moss for the horticulture trade, to relieve the collecting pressure on wild mosses. The project inspired in her students a new reverence for nature -- and some larger ecochanges at the prison.

She's the author of Between Earth and Sky: Our Intimate Connections to Trees.

More profile about the speaker
Nalini Nadkarni | Speaker | TED.com

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