TEDxAustin
Michael McDaniel: Cheap, effective shelter for disaster relief
Majkl Mekdenijel (Michael McDaniel): Jeftina, efikasna skloništa za pomoć pri nepogodama
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Majkl Mekdenijel je dizajnirao stambeni smeštaj u zonama pomoći pri nepogodama - jeftin, lak za prenos, čak i lep - ali je otkrio da niko ne želi da to pravi. Uporan i opsednut, odlučio je da radi sam. Na događaju TEDxAustin, Mekdenijel nam pokazuje svoje Ekso reakcijsko stambeno rešenje i deli sa nama kako je posvetio svoje slobodno vreme radu sa dobavljačima i proizvođačima u pripremi za sledeću elementarnu nepogodu. (Snimljeno na TEDxAustin.)
Michael McDaniel - Graphic designer
Michael McDaniel is a graphic designer using his skills to help people in meaningful ways. Full bio
Michael McDaniel is a graphic designer using his skills to help people in meaningful ways. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
So, I'm going to start off with kind of the buzzkill a little bit.
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Dakle, počeću sa pomalo
frapantnim podatkom.
frapantnim podatkom.
00:17
Forty-two million people
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Četrdeset dva miliona ljudi
00:19
were displaced by natural disasters in 2010.
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je raseljeno usled prirodnih katastrofa
tokom 2010 godine.
tokom 2010 godine.
00:22
Now, there was nothing particularly special about 2010,
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Ništa posebno ne možemo
izdvojiti za 2010. godinu,
izdvojiti za 2010. godinu,
00:25
because, on average, 31 and a half million people
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zato što se, u proseku, 31 i po milion ljudi
00:29
are displaced by natural disasters every single year.
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raseli usled prirodnih katastrofa
svake godine.
svake godine.
00:32
Now, usually when people hear statistics or stats like that,
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Uglavnom kada ljudi čuju
takvu statistiku i podatke,
takvu statistiku i podatke,
00:34
you start thinking about places like Haiti or other kind of
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počnete da mislite o mestima kao što je
Haiti ili neka druga vrsta
Haiti ili neka druga vrsta
00:37
exotic or maybe even impoverished areas, but it happens
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egzotičnih ili možda čak osiromašenih područja,
ali dešava se
ali dešava se
00:40
right here in the United States every single year.
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upravo ovde u Sjedinjenim Državama
svake godine.
svake godine.
00:44
Last year alone, 99 federally declared disasters
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Samo prošle godine,
99 javno proglašenih katastrofa
99 javno proglašenih katastrofa
00:47
were on file with FEMA,
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je bilo na listi FEMA-e,
00:49
from Joplin, Missouri, and Tuscaloosa, Alabama,
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od Džoplina u Misuriju
i Taskaluse u Alabami,
i Taskaluse u Alabami,
00:52
to the Central Texas wildfires that just happened recently.
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do divljih vatri u centralnom Teksasu
koje su se desile nedavno.
koje su se desile nedavno.
00:56
Now, how does the most powerful country in the world
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Kako se najmoćnija zemlja u svetu
00:59
handle these displaced people?
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snalazi sa tim raseljenim ljudima?
01:01
They cram them onto cots, put all your personal belongings
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Naguraju ih na krevetiće,
stave sve njihove lične stvari
stave sve njihove lične stvari
01:03
in a plastic garbage bag, stick it underneath,
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u plastične vreće za smeće,
zabiju ih ispod,
zabiju ih ispod,
01:05
and put you on the floor of an entire sports arena,
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i smeste vas na pod
jedne cele sportske arene,
jedne cele sportske arene,
01:08
or a gymnasium.
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ili sportske sale.
01:12
So obviously there's a massive housing gap,
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Očigledno postoji ogroman jaz naseljavanja,
01:15
and this really upset me, because academia tells you
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ovo me jako uzrujalo, jer nauka nam govori
01:18
after a major disaster, there's typically about
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da posle velike nepogode postoji otprilike
01:20
an 18-month time frame to -- we kinda recover,
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vremenski okvir od 18 meseci -
da se nekako oporavimo,
da se nekako oporavimo,
01:23
start the recovery process,
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počnemo proces obnavljanja,
01:25
but what most people don't realize is that on average
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ali ono što većina ljudi ne shvata
je da u proseku
je da u proseku
01:27
it takes 45 to 60 days or more
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treba 45 do 60 dana ili više
01:30
for the infamous FEMA trailers to even begin to show up.
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da se zloglasne FEMA prikolice
počnu pojavljivati.
počnu pojavljivati.
01:33
Before that time, people are left to their own devices.
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Pre tog perioda, ljudi su prepušteni
svojim uređajima,
svojim uređajima,
01:37
So I became obsessed with trying to figure out a way
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Tako da sam postao opsednut time
da shvatim kako
da shvatim kako
01:40
to actually fill this gap.
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da zapravo ispunimo ovaj jaz.
01:42
This actually became my creative obsession.
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Ovo je postala moja kreativna opsesija.
01:45
I put aside all my freelance work after hours and started
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Stavio sam na stranu sav svoj honorarni posao
posle radnog vremena i počeo
posle radnog vremena i počeo
01:48
just focusing particularly on this problem.
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da se fokusiram samo na ovaj probem.
01:53
So I started sketching.
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Pa sam počeo da skiciram.
01:55
Two days after Katrina, I started sketching and sketching
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Dva dana nakon Katrine, počeo sam
da skiciram i skiciram
da skiciram i skiciram
01:57
and trying to brainstorm up ideas or solutions for this,
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pokušavajući da smislim ideje
ili rešenja za ovo,
ili rešenja za ovo,
01:59
and as things started to congeal or ideas started to form,
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i kako su stvari počele da se oblikuju
ili ideje da se formiraju,
ili ideje da se formiraju,
02:02
I started sketching digitally on the computer,
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počeo sam digitalno da skiciram na računaru,
02:04
but it was an obsession, so I couldn't just stop there.
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ali je to bila opsesija,
te nisam mogao da prestanem.
te nisam mogao da prestanem.
02:07
I started experimenting, making models,
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Počeo sam da eksperimentišem,
pravim modele,
pravim modele,
02:10
talking to experts in the field, taking their feedback,
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razgovaram sa stručnjacima iz tih polja,
uzimajući povratne informacije,
uzimajući povratne informacije,
02:12
and refining, and I kept on refining and refining
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i prepravljajući i samo sam prepravljao
i prepravljao
i prepravljao
02:15
for nights and weekends for over five years.
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noćima i vikendima više od pet godina.
02:18
Now, my obsession ended up driving me to create
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Moja opsesija me je naterala da stvorim
02:22
full-size prototypes in my own backyard — (Laughter) —
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prototipe u punoj veličini u svom dvorištu
- (Smeh) -
- (Smeh) -
02:24
and actually spending my own personal savings on
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i da zapravo potrošim svoju ličnu ušteđevinu
02:26
everything from tooling to patents
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na sve od alata do patenata
02:29
and a variety of other costs,
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i na razne druge izdatke,
02:31
but in the end I ended up with this modular housing system
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ali na kraju sam završio
sa modularnim kućnim sistemom
sa modularnim kućnim sistemom
02:34
that can react to any situation or disaster.
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koji može da reaguje
na bilo kakvu situaciju ili nepogodu.
na bilo kakvu situaciju ili nepogodu.
02:37
It can be put up in any environment,
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Može da se postavi u bilo koju sredinu,
02:40
from an asphalt parking lot to pastures or fields,
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od asfaltiranog parkirališta
do pašnjaka i livada,
do pašnjaka i livada,
02:44
because it doesn't require any special setup
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jer ne zahteva nikakvo posebno nameštanje
02:46
or specialty tools.
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ili specijalne alate.
02:48
Now, at the foundation and kind of the core
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U osnovi i nekako u srži
02:50
of this whole system is the Exo Housing Unit,
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ovog celog sistema
leži Ekso stambena jedinica,
leži Ekso stambena jedinica,
02:53
which is just the individual shelter module.
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što je samo individualni modul skloništa.
02:55
And though it's light, light enough that you can actually
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Iako je lagana, dovoljno lagana da je
02:57
lift it by hand and move it around,
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možete podići i nositi okolo,
02:59
and it actually sleeps four people.
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i zapravo može četvoro da spava u njoj.
03:03
And you can arrange these things as kind of more
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Možete ih rasporediti više kao
03:05
for encampments and more of a city grid type layout,
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u kampovima i više kao
u rasporedu tipa gradske mreže,
u rasporedu tipa gradske mreže,
03:08
or you can circle the wagons, essentially,
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ili možete ih postaviti u krug
03:10
and form these circular pods out of them,
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i formirati kružne mahune od njih,
03:12
which give you this semi-private communal area
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stvarajući polu-privatnu zajedničku oblast
03:15
for people to actually spill out into so they're not actually
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gde ljudi mogu da izađu tako da nisu
03:17
trapped inside these units.
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zarobljeni u tim jedinicama.
03:19
Now this fundamentally changes
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Ovo suštinski menja
03:22
the way we respond to disasters,
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način na koji reagujemo na nepogode,
03:24
because gone are the horrid conditions
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jer nema užasnih uslova
03:26
inside a sports arena or a gymnasium, where people
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unutar sportske arene ili teretane,
gde su ljudi
gde su ljudi
03:29
are crammed on these cots inside.
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sabijeni na krevetićima.
03:31
Now we have instant neighborhoods outside.
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Sada napolju imamo komšiluke za tren.
03:36
So the Exo is designed to be simply, basically
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Tako da je Ekso dizajniran
da bude jednostavno
da bude jednostavno
03:39
like a coffee cup. They can actually stack together
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kao šolja kafe.
Mogu da se slože zajedno
Mogu da se slože zajedno
03:42
so we get extremely efficient transportation
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tako da dobijemo izuzetno efikasno prenošenje
03:44
and storage out of them.
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i skladištenje.
03:47
In fact, 15 Exos can fit on a single semi truck by itself.
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Zapravo, 15 Ekso-a može da stane
na jedan kamion sa prikolicom.
na jedan kamion sa prikolicom.
03:51
This means the Exo can actually be transported and set up
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Što znači da se Ekso
može prenositi i namestiti
može prenositi i namestiti
03:54
faster than any other housing option available today.
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brže od bilo koje druge
stambene opcije danas.
stambene opcije danas.
03:59
But I'm obsessive, so I couldn't just stop there,
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Ali ja sam opsesivan
i nisam mogao da stanem tu,
i nisam mogao da stanem tu,
04:01
so I actually started modifying the bunks where you could
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tako da sam počeo modifikovati ležajeve
kako bi mogli
kako bi mogli
04:03
actually slide out the bunks and slide in desks or shelving,
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izvući ležajeve i gurnuti stolove ili police,
04:06
so the same unit can now be used
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tako da se ista jedinica sada može koristiti
04:07
for an office or storage location.
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za kancelariju ili kao mesto za skladištenje.
04:10
The doors can actually swap out, so you can actually put on
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Vrata se mogu zameniti,
tako da možete staviti
tako da možete staviti
04:14
a rigid panel with a window unit in it for climate control,
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krutu ploču sa prozorskom jedinicom
za kontrolu klime,
za kontrolu klime,
04:17
or a connector module that would allow you to actually
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ili konektorski modul
koji bi omogućio da
koji bi omogućio da
04:19
connect multiple units together, which gives you
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povežete više jedinica, što vam daje
04:22
larger and kind of compartmentalized living spaces,
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veći i podeljen životni prostor,
04:26
so now this same kit of parts, this same unit
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tako da ovaj isti komplet delova,
ova ista jedinica
ova ista jedinica
04:28
can actually serve as a living room, bedroom or bathroom,
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može da posluži kao dnevna soba,
spavaća soba ili kupatilo
spavaća soba ili kupatilo
04:32
or an office, a living space and secure storage.
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ili kao kancelarija, životni prostor
i sigurno skladište.
i sigurno skladište.
04:39
Sounds like a great idea, but how do you make it real?
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Zvuči kao odlična ideja,
ali kako je ostvariti?
ali kako je ostvariti?
04:42
So the first idea I had, initially, was just
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Pa prva ideja koju sam imao,
u početku, je bila
u početku, je bila
04:44
to go the federal and state governments and go,
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da odem do savezne
i državne vlade i da kažem:
i državne vlade i da kažem:
04:45
"Here, take it, for free."
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"Izvolite, uzmite, besplatno je."
04:48
But I was quickly told that, "Boy, our government
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Ali mi je brzo bilo rečeno:
"Čoveče, naša vlada
"Čoveče, naša vlada
04:50
doesn't really work like that." (Laughter)
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baš i ne radi tako."
(Smeh)
(Smeh)
04:52
Okay. Okay. So maybe I would start a nonprofit
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Dobro. Dobro.
Možda bih osnovao NVO
Možda bih osnovao NVO
04:56
to kind of help consult and get this idea going
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da nekako pomognem u konsultovanju
i da se pokrene ova ideja
i da se pokrene ova ideja
04:59
along with the government, but then I was told,
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zajedno sa vladom, ali mi je tada rečeno:
05:01
"Son, our government looks to private sector
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"Sine, naša vlada se okreće privatnom sektoru
05:04
for things like this."
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za takve stvari."
05:05
Okay. So maybe I would take this whole idea and go
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Dobro. Možda bih sa celom idejom otišao
05:08
to private corporations that would have this mutually shared
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do privatnih korporacija
koje bi međusobno delile korist,
koje bi međusobno delile korist,
05:11
benefit to it, but I was quickly told by some corporations
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ali sam ubrzo saznao od nekih korporacija
05:14
that my personal passion project was not a brand fit
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da moj lični strastveni projekat nije za brendiranje
05:18
because they didn't want their logos stamped
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jer nisu želeli da stavljaju svoj logo
05:21
across the ghettos of Haiti.
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širom geta na Haitiju.
05:23
Now, I wasn't just obsessed. I was outraged. (Laughter.)
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E sada nisam bio samo opsednut.
Bio sam i besan. (Smeh.)
Bio sam i besan. (Smeh.)
05:29
So I decided, kind of told myself,
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Odlučio sam, više rekao sebi:
05:33
"Oh yeah? Watch this. I'll do it myself." (Laughter)
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"Je l'? Gledajte ovo.
Uradiću to sam." (Smeh)
Uradiću to sam." (Smeh)
05:39
Now, this quickly, my day job sent me to work out of
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Ubrzo, moj dnevni posao me je odveo
da radim
da radim
05:41
our Milan office for a few months, so I was like,
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u našoj kancelariji u Milanu nekoliko meseci,
pa sam bio razmišljao,
pa sam bio razmišljao,
05:45
what will I do? So I actually scheduled sleep on my calendar,
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šta ću radiiti? Tako da sam zacrtao
spavanje u mom kalendaru
spavanje u mom kalendaru
05:47
and spent the 8-hour time difference on conference calls
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i proveo osmočasovnu vremensku razliku
na konferencijskim pozivima
na konferencijskim pozivima
05:50
with material suppliers, manufacturers and potential customers.
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sa dostavljačima materijala, proizvođačima
i potencijalnim kupcima.
i potencijalnim kupcima.
05:55
And we found through this whole process, we found
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I otkrili smo kroz ovaj celokupan proces,
05:56
this great little manufacturer in Virginia,
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ovu malu odličnu proizvodnju u Virdžiniji
05:58
and if his body language is any indication,
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i ako je njegov govor tela bio ikakav pokazatelj,
06:00
that's the owner — (Laughter) — of what it's like
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to je vlasnik - (Smeh) -
kako izgleda
kako izgleda
06:03
for a manufacturer to work directly with a designer,
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da proizvođač radi direktno sa dizajnerom,
06:05
you've got to see what happens here. (Laughter)
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morate da vidite šta se tu dešava.
(Smeh)
(Smeh)
06:08
But G.S. Industries was fantastic.
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Ali ljudi iz G.S. Industrije su bili fantastični.
06:10
They actually built three prototypes for us by hand.
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Oni su nam ručno sagradili tri prototipa.
06:15
So now we have prototypes that can show that four people
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Tako da sada imamo prototipe
koji mogu pokazati da četvoro ljudi
koji mogu pokazati da četvoro ljudi
06:18
can actually sleep securely and much more comfortably
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može da spava bezbednije i komfornije
06:20
than a tent could ever provide.
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u poređenju sa onim što šator
može da ponudi.
može da ponudi.
06:25
And they actually shipped them here to Texas for us.
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Oni su ih i isporučili ovde u Teksas.
06:26
Now, a funny thing started happening.
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Počelo se dešavati nešto smešno.
06:28
Other people started to believe in what we were doing,
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Drugi ljudi su počeli da veruju
u ono što mi radimo,
u ono što mi radimo,
06:30
and actually offered us hangar space, donated hangar
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i ponudili su nam hangarski prostor,
donirali hangarski prostor
donirali hangarski prostor
06:32
space to us. And then the Georgetown Airport Authority
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A onda se aerodromska služba Džordžtauna
06:34
was bent over backwards to help us with anything we needed.
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polomila da nam pomogne
sa bilo čime što nam je trebalo.
sa bilo čime što nam je trebalo.
06:39
So now we had a hangar space to work in,
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Imali smo hangarski prostor
gde smo mogli da radimo,
gde smo mogli da radimo,
06:40
and prototypes to demo with.
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i prototipe da radimo sa njima.
06:43
So in one year, we've negotiated manufacturing agreements,
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I tako godinu dana, pregovarali smo
o proizvodnim sporazumima,
o proizvodnim sporazumima,
06:47
been awarded one patent, filed our second patent,
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dobili smo jedan patent,
predali drugi patent,
predali drugi patent,
06:50
talked to multiple people, demoed this to FEMA
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pričali sa mnoštvom ljudi,
demonstrirali sve to FEMA-i
demonstrirali sve to FEMA-i
06:52
and its consultants to rave reviews,
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i njihovim konsultantima,
sa odličnim kritikama,
sa odličnim kritikama,
06:54
and then started talking to some other people who requested
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a potom smo pričali sa nekim ljudima
koji su tražili
koji su tražili
06:57
information, this little group called the United Nations.
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informacije, jednom grupicom
zvanom Ujedinjene nacije.
zvanom Ujedinjene nacije.
06:59
And on top of that, now we have
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A kao šlag na tortu, sada imamo
07:01
a whole plethora of other individuals that have come up
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čitavo obilje drugih pojedinaca
koji su se pojavili
koji su se pojavili
07:04
and started to talk to us from doing it for mining camps,
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i razgovarali sa nama da bi ih koristili
za rudarske kampove,
za rudarske kampove,
07:07
mobile youth hostels, right down to the World Cup
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mobilne omladinske hostele,
sve do Svetskog prvenstva
sve do Svetskog prvenstva
07:10
and the Olympics.
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i Olimpijade.
07:12
So, in closing, on this whole thing here
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Kao zaključak svega ovoga,
07:19
is hopefully very soon we will not have to
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nadamo se da ubuduće nećemo morati
07:24
respond to these painful phone calls that we get
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da se javljamo na strašne telefonske pozive
koje dobijamo
koje dobijamo
07:26
after disasters where we don't really have anything
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nakon nepogoda kada još
u stvari nemamo ništa
u stvari nemamo ništa
07:28
to sell or give you yet.
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da prodamo ili da damo.
07:30
Hopefully very soon we will be there,
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Nadam se da ćemo uskoro stići do toga,
07:33
because we are destined,
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zato što nam je suđeno,
07:35
obsessed with making it real.
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opsednuti da to ostvarimo.
07:39
Thank you. (Applause)
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Hvala.
(Aplauz)
(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Michael McDaniel - Graphic designerMichael McDaniel is a graphic designer using his skills to help people in meaningful ways.
Why you should listen
Michael McDaniel has worked on a wide range of projects for clients including MTV, Comcast, AT&T, American Airlines, Best Buy, HP, Sprint and Disney. His designs have been widely recognized; he's received awards from the Society of Environmental Graphic Designers for work at the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas, and from Cooper Union for a conceptual redesign of the interstate highway system.
Prompted by the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina on the city of New Orleans, McDaniel began working in his spare time for five years straight on what would become the Exo Reaction Housing System -- portable, cheap disaster relief shelters. He is a principal designer at frog and the founder and C.E.O. at Reaction Systems, Inc.
Michael McDaniel | Speaker | TED.com