TEDxAustin
Michael McDaniel: Cheap, effective shelter for disaster relief
Michael McDaniel: Jeftina, učinkovita skloništa za pomoć pri nepogodama
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Michael McDaniel je dizajnirao smještaj za zone pružanja pomoći pri raznim nepogodama - jeftin, lak za prijenos, čak i lijep - ali je otkrio da to nitko ne želi izraditi. Uporan i opsjednut time, odlučio je to učiniti sam. Na događaju TEDxAustin, McDaniel nam pokazuje svoje Exo Reaction rješenje za smještaj i priča kako je posvetio svoje slobodno vrijeme radu s dobavljačima i proizvođačima u pripremi za sljedeću elementarnu nepogodu. (Snimljeno na TEDxAustin.)
Michael McDaniel - Graphic designer
Michael McDaniel is a graphic designer using his skills to help people in meaningful ways. Full bio
Michael McDaniel is a graphic designer using his skills to help people in meaningful ways. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
So, I'm going to start off with kind of the buzzkill a little bit.
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Dakle, počet ću od pomalo
neugodnog podatka.
neugodnog podatka.
00:17
Forty-two million people
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Četrdeset dva milijuna ljudi
00:19
were displaced by natural disasters in 2010.
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raseljeno je uslijed prirodnih katastrofa
tijekom 2010. godine.
tijekom 2010. godine.
00:22
Now, there was nothing particularly special about 2010,
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Nema ničeg što se
posebno ističe u 2010. godini
posebno ističe u 2010. godini
00:25
because, on average, 31 and a half million people
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jer, u prosjeku, 31,5 milijun ljudi
00:29
are displaced by natural disasters every single year.
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raseli se svake godine
uslijed prirodnih katastrofa.
uslijed prirodnih katastrofa.
00:32
Now, usually when people hear statistics or stats like that,
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Uglavnom, kada ljudi čuju
takvu statistiku i podatke,
takvu statistiku i podatke,
00:34
you start thinking about places like Haiti or other kind of
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počnete misliti o mjestima
poput Haitija ili drugih
poput Haitija ili drugih
00:37
exotic or maybe even impoverished areas, but it happens
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egzotičnih ili možda čak
osiromašenih područja,
osiromašenih područja,
ali dešava se upravo ovdje u
Sjedinjenim Državama svake godine.
Sjedinjenim Državama svake godine.
00:40
right here in the United States every single year.
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00:44
Last year alone, 99 federally declared disasters
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Samo prošle godine,
99 federalno proglašenih katastrofa
99 federalno proglašenih katastrofa
00:47
were on file with FEMA,
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bilo je na listi FEMA-e,
00:49
from Joplin, Missouri, and Tuscaloosa, Alabama,
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od Joplina u državi Missouri
i Tuscaloosa u Alabami,
i Tuscaloosa u Alabami,
00:52
to the Central Texas wildfires that just happened recently.
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do požara u središnjem Teksasu
koji su se desili nedavno.
koji su se desili nedavno.
00:56
Now, how does the most powerful country in the world
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Kako se najmoćnija zemlja svijeta
00:59
handle these displaced people?
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snalazi s tim raseljenim ljudima?
Naguraju ih na krevetiće,
stave im sve osobne stvari
stave im sve osobne stvari
01:01
They cram them onto cots, put all your personal belongings
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01:03
in a plastic garbage bag, stick it underneath,
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u plastične vreće za smeće,
zabiju ih ispod
zabiju ih ispod
01:05
and put you on the floor of an entire sports arena,
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i smjeste vas na pod sportske arene
01:08
or a gymnasium.
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ili školske dvorane.
01:12
So obviously there's a massive housing gap,
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Očigledno postoji
ogromna potreba za smještajem
ogromna potreba za smještajem
01:15
and this really upset me, because academia tells you
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i ovo me jako uzrujalo, jer nam se govori
01:18
after a major disaster, there's typically about
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da poslije velike nepogode
postoji, otprilike,
postoji, otprilike,
01:20
an 18-month time frame to -- we kinda recover,
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vremenski okvir od 18 mjeseci -
da se nekako oporavimo,
da se nekako oporavimo,
01:23
start the recovery process,
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počnemo proces oporavka,
01:25
but what most people don't realize is that on average
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no, većina ljudi ne shvaća da u prosjeku
01:27
it takes 45 to 60 days or more
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treba 45 do 60 dana, ili više
01:30
for the infamous FEMA trailers to even begin to show up.
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da se FEMA-ine prikolice
uopće počnu pojavljivati.
uopće počnu pojavljivati.
01:33
Before that time, people are left to their own devices.
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Do tog perioda,
ljudi su prepušteni sami sebi.
ljudi su prepušteni sami sebi.
01:37
So I became obsessed with trying to figure out a way
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Tako da sam postao opsjednut time
kako bih smislio način
kako bih smislio način
01:40
to actually fill this gap.
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da se premosti taj jaz.
01:42
This actually became my creative obsession.
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Ovo je postala moja kreativna opsesija.
01:45
I put aside all my freelance work after hours and started
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Stavio sam na stranu
svoj honorarni posao i započeo
svoj honorarni posao i započeo
01:48
just focusing particularly on this problem.
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fokusirati se samo na ovaj problem.
01:53
So I started sketching.
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Pa sam počeo skicirati.
Dva dana nakon Katrine,
počeo sam skicirati,
počeo sam skicirati,
01:55
Two days after Katrina, I started sketching and sketching
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01:57
and trying to brainstorm up ideas or solutions for this,
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pokušavajući smisliti ideje ili rješenja
01:59
and as things started to congeal or ideas started to form,
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i kako su se stvari i ideje
počele oblikovati,
počele oblikovati,
02:02
I started sketching digitally on the computer,
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počeo sam digitalno skicirati na računalu,
02:04
but it was an obsession, so I couldn't just stop there.
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no, bila je to opsesija
te nisam mogao samo prestati.
te nisam mogao samo prestati.
02:07
I started experimenting, making models,
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Počeo sam eksperimentirati,
raditi modele,
raditi modele,
02:10
talking to experts in the field, taking their feedback,
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razgovarati sa stručnjacima,
uzimati povratne informacije,
uzimati povratne informacije,
02:12
and refining, and I kept on refining and refining
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neprestano poboljšavao i prepravljao
02:15
for nights and weekends for over five years.
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noćima i vikendima više od pet godina.
02:18
Now, my obsession ended up driving me to create
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Moja opsesija me je natjerala da stvorim
02:22
full-size prototypes in my own backyard — (Laughter) —
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prototipe u punoj veličini,
u svom dvorištu
u svom dvorištu
02:24
and actually spending my own personal savings on
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te da potrošim svoju ušteđevinu
02:26
everything from tooling to patents
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na sve, od alata do patenata
02:29
and a variety of other costs,
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i na razne druge izdatke,
02:31
but in the end I ended up with this modular housing system
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no, na kraju sam završio
ovaj modularni sustav smještaja
ovaj modularni sustav smještaja
02:34
that can react to any situation or disaster.
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koristan za svaku situaciju ili nepogodu.
02:37
It can be put up in any environment,
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Može se postaviti u bilo koju sredinu,
02:40
from an asphalt parking lot to pastures or fields,
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od parkirališta do pašnjaka ili polja,
02:44
because it doesn't require any special setup
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jer ne zahtijeva neko posebno postavljanje
02:46
or specialty tools.
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ili poseban alat.
02:48
Now, at the foundation and kind of the core
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U osnovi i nekako u biti
02:50
of this whole system is the Exo Housing Unit,
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cijelog ovog sustava je
Exo smještajna jedinica,
Exo smještajna jedinica,
02:53
which is just the individual shelter module.
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što je samo pojedinačni modul skloništa.
02:55
And though it's light, light enough that you can actually
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Iako je lagana, dovoljno lagana
02:57
lift it by hand and move it around,
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da je ručno podignete i nosite uokolo,
02:59
and it actually sleeps four people.
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u njoj, zapravo,
mogu spavati četiri osobe.
mogu spavati četiri osobe.
03:03
And you can arrange these things as kind of more
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Možete ih rasporediti više kao
03:05
for encampments and more of a city grid type layout,
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u kampovima i više kao u rasporedu
tipa gradske mreže,
tipa gradske mreže,
03:08
or you can circle the wagons, essentially,
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ili ih možete postaviti u krug
03:10
and form these circular pods out of them,
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i formirati kružne oblike od njih,
03:12
which give you this semi-private communal area
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stvarajući polu-privatnu zajedničku zonu
03:15
for people to actually spill out into so they're not actually
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gdje ljudi mogu izaći tako da
nisu zarobljeni u tim jedinicama.
03:17
trapped inside these units.
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03:19
Now this fundamentally changes
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Ovo iz osnove mijenja način
03:22
the way we respond to disasters,
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na koji reagiramo na nepogode,
03:24
because gone are the horrid conditions
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jer nema užasnih uvjeta
03:26
inside a sports arena or a gymnasium, where people
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unutar sportske arene ili dvorane,
03:29
are crammed on these cots inside.
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gde su ljudi sabijeni na malim krevetima.
03:31
Now we have instant neighborhoods outside.
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Sada vani u trenu imamo susjedstvo.
03:36
So the Exo is designed to be simply, basically
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Tako je Exo osmišljen da bude, u osnovi,
03:39
like a coffee cup. They can actually stack together
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poput šalice za kavu.
Mogu se složiti zajedno
Mogu se složiti zajedno
03:42
so we get extremely efficient transportation
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pa su izuzetno učinkovite za transport
03:44
and storage out of them.
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i skladištenje.
03:47
In fact, 15 Exos can fit on a single semi truck by itself.
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Zapravo, 15 Exo modula može stati
na jedan kamion s prikolicom.
na jedan kamion s prikolicom.
03:51
This means the Exo can actually be transported and set up
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To znači da se Exo može
prevoziti i namjestiti
prevoziti i namjestiti
03:54
faster than any other housing option available today.
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brže od bilo koje druge
danas dostupne smještajne opcije.
danas dostupne smještajne opcije.
03:59
But I'm obsessive, so I couldn't just stop there,
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No, opsjednut time, nisam mogao stati,
04:01
so I actually started modifying the bunks where you could
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počeo sam modificirati ležajeve
kako bi se prenamijenili
u stolove ili police
u stolove ili police
04:03
actually slide out the bunks and slide in desks or shelving,
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04:06
so the same unit can now be used
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pa se ista jedinica može koristiti
04:07
for an office or storage location.
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za ured ili skladištenje.
04:10
The doors can actually swap out, so you can actually put on
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Vrata se mogu zamijeniti,
tako da možete unutra staviti
tako da možete unutra staviti
04:14
a rigid panel with a window unit in it for climate control,
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krutu ploču s prozorom
za kontrolu temperature,
za kontrolu temperature,
04:17
or a connector module that would allow you to actually
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ili modul kojim biste mogli
04:19
connect multiple units together, which gives you
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povezati više jedinica, što vam daje
04:22
larger and kind of compartmentalized living spaces,
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veći i odijeljen životni prostor,
04:26
so now this same kit of parts, this same unit
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pa vam isti ovaj komplet dijelova
04:28
can actually serve as a living room, bedroom or bathroom,
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može služiti kao dnevna soba,
spavaća soba, kupaonica,
spavaća soba, kupaonica,
04:32
or an office, a living space and secure storage.
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ured, prostor za življenje
i za sigurnu pohranu stvari.
i za sigurnu pohranu stvari.
04:39
Sounds like a great idea, but how do you make it real?
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Zvuči odlično, ali kako to postići?
04:42
So the first idea I had, initially, was just
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Prva ideja koju sam imao
bila je otići do savezne
i državne vlade i kažem:
i državne vlade i kažem:
04:44
to go the federal and state governments and go,
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04:45
"Here, take it, for free."
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"Izvolite, uzmite, besplatno je."
04:48
But I was quickly told that, "Boy, our government
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Ali odmah su mi rekli, "Dečko,
naša vlada ne funkcionira tako.
04:50
doesn't really work like that." (Laughter)
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04:52
Okay. Okay. So maybe I would start a nonprofit
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U redu. U redu. Možda bih osnovao NVO
04:56
to kind of help consult and get this idea going
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da pomognem u savjetovanju
i ostvarenju ideje
i ostvarenju ideje
04:59
along with the government, but then I was told,
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zajedno s vladom, no rečeno mi je
"Naša vlada koristi privatan sektor
05:01
"Son, our government looks to private sector
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05:04
for things like this."
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za ovakve stvari."
05:05
Okay. So maybe I would take this whole idea and go
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U redu. Možda bih s cijelom idejom otišao
05:08
to private corporations that would have this mutually shared
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do privatnih korporacija
koje bi međusobno dijelile korist,
koje bi međusobno dijelile korist,
05:11
benefit to it, but I was quickly told by some corporations
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ali sam ubrzo saznao od nekih korporacija
05:14
that my personal passion project was not a brand fit
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da moj osobni projekt nije za brendiranje,
05:18
because they didn't want their logos stamped
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jer nisu željeli svoj logo
05:21
across the ghettos of Haiti.
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širom geta na Haitiju.
05:23
Now, I wasn't just obsessed. I was outraged. (Laughter.)
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Sada više nisam bio samo opsjednut.
Bio sam i bijesan.
Bio sam i bijesan.
05:29
So I decided, kind of told myself,
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Odlučio sam, više rekao sebi:
05:33
"Oh yeah? Watch this. I'll do it myself." (Laughter)
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"Stvarno? Samo gledajte.
Učinit ću to sam."
Učinit ću to sam."
05:39
Now, this quickly, my day job sent me to work out of
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Ubrzo, moj dnevni posao odveo me
van našeg ureda u Milanu
na par mjeseci, pa sam razmišljao,
na par mjeseci, pa sam razmišljao,
05:41
our Milan office for a few months, so I was like,
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05:45
what will I do? So I actually scheduled sleep on my calendar,
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što ću raditi? Tako sam zacrtao
spavanje u svom kalendaru
spavanje u svom kalendaru
05:47
and spent the 8-hour time difference on conference calls
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i proveo osmosatnu vremensku razliku
na konferencijske pozive
na konferencijske pozive
05:50
with material suppliers, manufacturers and potential customers.
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s dostavljačima materijala, proizvođačima
i potencijalnim kupcima.
i potencijalnim kupcima.
I kroz ovaj cjelokupan proces,
05:55
And we found through this whole process, we found
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otkrili smo odličnog
malog proizvođača u Virginiji,
malog proizvođača u Virginiji,
05:56
this great little manufacturer in Virginia,
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05:58
and if his body language is any indication,
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i ako je njegov govor tijela
ikakav pokazatelj,
ikakav pokazatelj,
06:00
that's the owner — (Laughter) — of what it's like
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to je vlasnik, kako izgleda
kada proizvođač radi izravno s dizajnerom,
06:03
for a manufacturer to work directly with a designer,
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06:05
you've got to see what happens here. (Laughter)
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morate vidjeti što se tu događa.
06:08
But G.S. Industries was fantastic.
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No, G.S. Industries su bili izvrsni.
06:10
They actually built three prototypes for us by hand.
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Ručno su nam izgradili tri prototipa.
06:15
So now we have prototypes that can show that four people
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Tako sada imamo prototipe
koji pokazuju da četiri osobe
koji pokazuju da četiri osobe
06:18
can actually sleep securely and much more comfortably
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mogu spavati sigurnije i udobnije
06:20
than a tent could ever provide.
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nego što bi to ikada mogli u šatoru.
06:25
And they actually shipped them here to Texas for us.
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Dopremili su nam ih ovdje u Texas.
06:26
Now, a funny thing started happening.
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I dogodilo se nešto neobično.
06:28
Other people started to believe in what we were doing,
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I drugi su počeli vjerovati
u ono što radimo
u ono što radimo
i ponudili nam,
donirali hangarski prostor.
donirali hangarski prostor.
06:30
and actually offered us hangar space, donated hangar
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06:32
space to us. And then the Georgetown Airport Authority
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A zatim je aerodromska služba Georgetowna
06:34
was bent over backwards to help us with anything we needed.
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uskočila u pomoć oko bilo čega
što nam je trebalo.
što nam je trebalo.
06:39
So now we had a hangar space to work in,
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I tako smo imali hangar za rad
06:40
and prototypes to demo with.
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te prototipe za demonstraciju.
06:43
So in one year, we've negotiated manufacturing agreements,
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U godini dana, pregovarali smo
o proizvodnim sporazumima,
o proizvodnim sporazumima,
06:47
been awarded one patent, filed our second patent,
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dobili patent, pokrenuli drugi patent,
06:50
talked to multiple people, demoed this to FEMA
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razgovarali s mnogo ljudi,
demonstrirali sve to FEMA-i
demonstrirali sve to FEMA-i
06:52
and its consultants to rave reviews,
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i njihovim konzultantima
s odličnim kritikama
s odličnim kritikama
06:54
and then started talking to some other people who requested
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a onda pričali s nekim ljudima koji su
tražili informacije,
grupica imenom Ujedinjeni narodi.
grupica imenom Ujedinjeni narodi.
06:57
information, this little group called the United Nations.
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06:59
And on top of that, now we have
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Povrh svega, sada imamo
07:01
a whole plethora of other individuals that have come up
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mnoštvo drugih pojedinaca
koji su se pojavili
koji su se pojavili
07:04
and started to talk to us from doing it for mining camps,
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i razgovarali s nama da bi ih koristili
za rudarske kampove,
za rudarske kampove,
07:07
mobile youth hostels, right down to the World Cup
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mobilne hostele,
čak i za Svjetsko prvenstvo
čak i za Svjetsko prvenstvo
07:10
and the Olympics.
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te Olimpijske igre.
07:12
So, in closing, on this whole thing here
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Kao zaključak svega ovoga,
07:19
is hopefully very soon we will not have to
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nadamo se da ubuduće nećemo morati
07:24
respond to these painful phone calls that we get
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javljati se na bolne telefonske pozive
07:26
after disasters where we don't really have anything
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nakon nepogoda kada još nemamo ništa
07:28
to sell or give you yet.
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što bismo već prodali ili dali.
07:30
Hopefully very soon we will be there,
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Nadam se da ćemo uskoro stići do toga,
07:33
because we are destined,
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jer smo predodređeni,
07:35
obsessed with making it real.
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opsjednuti da to ostvarimo.
07:39
Thank you. (Applause)
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Hvala.
(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Michael McDaniel - Graphic designerMichael McDaniel is a graphic designer using his skills to help people in meaningful ways.
Why you should listen
Michael McDaniel has worked on a wide range of projects for clients including MTV, Comcast, AT&T, American Airlines, Best Buy, HP, Sprint and Disney. His designs have been widely recognized; he's received awards from the Society of Environmental Graphic Designers for work at the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas, and from Cooper Union for a conceptual redesign of the interstate highway system.
Prompted by the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina on the city of New Orleans, McDaniel began working in his spare time for five years straight on what would become the Exo Reaction Housing System -- portable, cheap disaster relief shelters. He is a principal designer at frog and the founder and C.E.O. at Reaction Systems, Inc.
Michael McDaniel | Speaker | TED.com