TEDGlobal 2012
Michael Anti: Behind the Great Firewall of China
Majkl Anti (Michael Anti): Iza Velikog Fajervola Kine
Filmed:
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Majkl Anti (poznat i kao Jing Zao) bloguje u Kini već 12 godina. Uprkos kontroli centralne vlasti nad internetom - "Svi serveri su u Pekingu" - on kaže da stotine miliona mikroblogera stvaraju prvu nacionalnu, društvenu sferu u istoriji ove države menjajući raspodelu moći na neočekivane načine.
Michael Anti - Blogger
Michael Anti (Zhao Jing), a key figure in China's new journalism, explores the growing power of the Chinese internet. Full bio
Michael Anti (Zhao Jing), a key figure in China's new journalism, explores the growing power of the Chinese internet. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
In the past several days, I heard people talking about China.
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U poslednjih nekoliko dana,
čuo sam ljude kako pričaju o Kini.
čuo sam ljude kako pričaju o Kini.
00:21
And also, I talked to friends about China and Chinese Internet.
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I ja sam takođe pričao sa prijateljima
o Kini i kineskom internetu.
o Kini i kineskom internetu.
00:25
Something is very challenging to me.
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To je izazov za mene.
00:27
I want to make my friends understand:
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Želim da moji prijatelji razumeju:
00:30
China is complicated.
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Kina je komplikovana.
00:34
So I always want to tell the story, like,
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Zato uvek želim da pričam
00:36
one hand it is that, the other hand is that.
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sa jedne strane je ovako, sa druge onako.
00:39
You can't just tell a one sided story.
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Ne možete pričati jednostranu priču.
00:42
I'll give an example. China is a BRIC country.
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Daću vam primer. Kina je članica BRIK (cigla) saveza.
00:45
BRIC country means Brazil, Russia, India and China.
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BRIK znači Brazil, Rusija, Indija i Kina.
00:51
This emerging economy really is helping the revival of the world economy.
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Ovaj novi savez zaista pomaže u
oživljavanju svetske ekonomije.
oživljavanju svetske ekonomije.
00:57
But at the same time, on the other hand,
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Ali u isto vreme,
01:00
China is a SICK country,
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Kina je SIKK (bolesna) država,
01:03
the terminology coined by Facebook IPO papers -- file.
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ovaj termin su skovali Fejsbukovi IPO radovi - fajlovi.
01:09
He said the SICK country means Syria, Iran, China and North Korea.
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Oni su rekli SIKK država znači
Sirija, Iran, Kina i Severna Koreja.
Sirija, Iran, Kina i Severna Koreja.
01:15
The four countries have no access to Facebook.
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Ove četiri države nemaju pristup Fejsbuku.
01:20
So basically, China is a SICK BRIC country.
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U osnovi, Kina je bolesna cigla-država.
01:24
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
01:25
Another project was built up
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Još jedan projekat je stvoren
01:27
to watch China and Chinese Internet.
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da bi se posmatrala Kina i njen internet.
01:29
And now, today I want to tell you my personal
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Ja danas želim da vam ispričam svoja lična
01:33
observation in the past several years, from that wall.
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zapažanja u poslednjih nekoliko godina, sa tog zida.
01:38
So, if you are a fan of the Game of Thrones,
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Ako ste fan serije Igra prestola,
01:42
you definitely know how important a big wall is for an old kingdom.
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zasigurno znate značaj velikog zida
za jedno staro kraljevstvo.
za jedno staro kraljevstvo.
01:47
It prevents weird things from the north.
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On sprečava da dođu čudne stvari sa severa.
01:52
Same was true for China.
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Isto je bilo istina i za Kinu.
01:55
In the north, there was a great wall, Chang Cheng.
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Na severu, postojao je Čang Čeng, veliki zid.
01:58
It protected China from invaders for 2,000 years.
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Branio je Kinu od osvajača 2 000 godina.
02:04
But China also has a great firewall.
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Ali Kina takođe ima veliki fajervol,
02:08
That's the biggest digital boundary in the whole world.
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koji je najveća digitalna granica na celom svetu.
02:12
It's not only to defend the Chinese regime from overseas,
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Ne služi samo da odbrani kineski režim
od prekomorskih uticaja,
od prekomorskih uticaja,
02:16
from the universal values, but also to prevent
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od univerzalnih vrednosti, već i da spreči
02:20
China's own citizens to access the global free Internet,
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svoje građane da pristupe besplatnom globalnom internetu
02:24
and even separate themselves into blocks, not united.
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i da ih podeli na blokove, a ne ujedini.
02:29
So, basically the "Internet" has two Internets.
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U osnovi, internet obuhvata dva interneta.
02:33
One is the Internet, the other is the Chinanet.
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Jedan je internet, drugi je kinanet.
02:37
But if you think the Chinanet is something
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Ali ako smatrate da je kinanet nešto poput
02:41
like a deadland, wasteland, I think it's wrong.
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pustoši, mislim da grešite.
02:47
But we also use a very simple metaphor, the cat and the mouse game,
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Mi takođe koristimo jednu jednostavnu metaforu,
igru mačke i miša,
igru mačke i miša,
02:53
to describe in the past 15 years
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kako bismo opisali poslednjih 15 godina
02:56
the continuing fight between Chinese
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neprestane borbe između kineske
03:00
censorship, government censorship, the cat,
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cenzure, vladine cenzure, mačke,
03:03
and the Chinese Internet users. That means us, the mouse.
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i kineskih korisnika interneta. Mi korisnici smo miš.
03:09
But sometimes this kind of a metaphor is too simple.
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Ali, ponekad je ova metafora previše jednostavna.
03:13
So today I want to upgrade it to 2.0 version.
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Stoga danas želim da je poboljšam na 2.0 verziju.
03:19
In China, we have 500 million Internet users.
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U Kini postoji 500 miliona internet korisnika.
03:22
That's the biggest population of Netizens, Internet users, in the whole world.
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To je najveća populacija netizena,
internet korisnika, na celom svetu.
internet korisnika, na celom svetu.
03:27
So even though China's is a totally censored Internet,
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Bez obzira na to što je kineski internet potpuno cenzurisan,
03:33
but still, Chinese Internet society is really booming.
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kineska internet zajednica zaista cveta.
03:36
How to make it? It's simple.
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Kako to? Jednostavno.
03:39
You have Google, we have Baidu.
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Vi imate Gugl, mi imamo Baidu.
03:42
You have Twitter, we have Weibo.
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Vi imate Tviter, mi imamo Weibo.
03:45
You have Facebook, we have Renren.
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Vi imate Fejsbuk, mi imamo Renren.
03:48
You have YouTube, we have Youku and Tudou.
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Vi imate Jutjub, mi imamo Jouku i Tudou.
03:53
The Chinese government blocked every
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Kineska vlada je blokirala
03:58
single international Web 2.0 service,
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svaki internacionalni veb 2.0 servis,
04:02
and we Chinese copycat every one.
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a mi imamo kinesku verziju svakog.
04:04
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
04:06
So, that's the kind of the thing I call smart censorship.
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To je tip onoga što ja zovem pametna cenzura.
04:10
That's not only to censor you.
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Ona ne cenzuriše samo.
04:14
Sometimes this Chinese national Internet policy is very simple:
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Ponekad je ova kineska internet politika veoma jednostavna:
04:19
Block and clone.
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blokiraj i kloniraj.
04:21
On the one hand, he wants to satisfy people's need of a social network,
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Sa jedne strane, ona želi da zadovolji
potrebu ljudi za društvenim mrežama,
potrebu ljudi za društvenim mrežama,
04:26
which is very important; people really love social networking.
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što je veoma važno, ljudi mnogo vole društvene mreže.
04:29
But on the other hand, they want to keep the server
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Ali sa druge strane, oni žele da zadrže server
04:32
in Beijing so they can access the data any time they want.
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u Pekingu kako bi imali pristup podacima
kada god oni to požele.
kada god oni to požele.
04:37
That's also the reason Google was pulled out from China,
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To je i razlog zbog kog se Gugl povukao iz Kine,
04:41
because they can't accept the fact
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oni ne mogu da prihvate činjenicu
04:43
that Chinese government wants to keep the server.
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da kineska vlada želi da zadrži server.
04:48
Sometimes the Arab dictators didn't understand these two hands.
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Arapski diktatori ponekad nisu razumeli ova dva pravila.
04:53
For example, Mubarak, he shut down the Internet.
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Na primer, Mubarak je isključio internet.
04:57
He wanted to prevent the Netizens [from criticizing] him.
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Želeo je da spreči netizene da ga kritikuju.
05:00
But once Netizens can't go online, they go in the street.
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Ali kada netizeni ne mogu da odu onlajn, oni izlaze na ulice.
05:06
And now the result is very simple.
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Rezultat je očigledan.
05:09
We all know Mubarak is technically dead.
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Svi znamo da je Mubarak praktično mrtav.
05:14
But also, Ben Ali, Tunisian president,
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Ben Ali, tuniski predsednik, takođe
05:19
didn't follow the second rule.
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nije poštovao drugo pravilo.
05:21
That means keep the server in your hands.
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Pravilo o zadržavanju servera u svojim rukama.
05:25
He allowed Facebook, a U.S.-based service,
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Dozvolio je Fejsbuku, servisu iz SAD-a,
05:31
to continue to stay on inside of Tunisia.
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da ostane u Tunisu.
05:34
So he can't prevent it, his own citizens to post
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I stoga on ne može da spreči svoje građane da postavljaju
05:38
critical videos against his corruption.
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kritičke video zapise o njegovoj korupciji.
05:40
The same thing happend. He was the first
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Ista stvar se desila. On je bio prvi koji
05:44
to topple during the Arab Spring.
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je oboren tokom arapskog proleća.
05:47
But those two very smart international censorship policies
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Ali ta dva veoma pametna pravila cenzure
05:52
didn't prevent Chinese social media [from] becoming a really public sphere,
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nisu sprečila kineske društvene mreže
da postanu društvene sfere,
da postanu društvene sfere,
05:59
a pathway of public opinion and the nightmare of Chinese officials.
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mesta za izražavanje mišljenja
i noćna mora kineskih zvaničnika.
i noćna mora kineskih zvaničnika.
06:04
Because we have 300 million microbloggers in China.
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Zato što imamo 300 miliona mikroblogera u Kini.
06:09
It's the entire population of the United States.
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To je čitava populacija Sjedinjenih Američkih Država.
06:13
So when these 300 million people, microbloggers,
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Kada ovih 300 miliona ljudi, mikroblogera,
06:17
even they block the tweet in our censored platform.
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čak i oni blokiraju tvitove na našoj cenzurisanoj platformi.
06:21
But itself -- the Chinanet -- but itself can create
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Kinanet sam može da stvori
06:25
very powerful energy, which has never happened
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veoma moćnu energiju, što se nikada nije desilo
06:30
in the Chinese history.
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u kineskoj istoriji.
06:31
2011, in July, two [unclear] trains crashed,
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2011, u julu, dva [nerazumljivo] voza su se sudarila
06:36
in Wenzhou, a southern city.
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u Venžouu, gradu na jugu.
06:38
Right after the train crash,
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Odmah nakon nesreće
06:40
authorities literally wanted to cover up the train, bury the train.
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vlasti su bukvalno htele da sakriju ceo voz, da ga zakopaju.
06:45
So it angered the Chinese Netizens.
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To je naljutilo kineske netizene.
06:47
The first five days after the train crash,
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Prvih pet dana nakon nesreće
06:50
there were 10 million criticisms of the posting
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pojavilo se 10 miliona kritika
06:54
on social media, which never happened in Chinese history.
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na društvenim mrežama što se
nikada nije desilo u kineskoj istoriji.
nikada nije desilo u kineskoj istoriji.
06:58
And later this year, the rail minister
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Kasnije te godine, ministar železnice
07:01
was sacked and sentenced to jail for 10 years.
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je otpušten i osuđen na 10 godina zatvora.
07:07
And also, recently, very funny debate between
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Takođe, u skorije vreme, desila se
veoma smešna rasprava između
veoma smešna rasprava između
07:12
the Beijing Environment Ministry
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pekinškog ministarstva za okolinu i
07:15
and the American Embassy in Beijing
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američke ambasade u Pekingu
07:18
because the Ministry blamed
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jer je ministarstvo okrivilo
07:21
the American Embassy for intervening in
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američku ambasadu za mešanje
07:23
Chinese internal politics by disclosing
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u kinesku unutrašnju politiku, objavivši
07:27
the air quality data of Beijing.
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kvalitet vazduha u Pekingu.
07:29
So, the up is the Embassy data, the PM 2.5.
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Ovo gore su podaci ambasade, vreme je 14:30.
07:36
He showed 148, they showed it's dangerous for the sensitive group.
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Oni su pokazali 148, pokazali su
da je opasno za osetljive ljude.
da je opasno za osetljive ljude.
07:42
So a suggestion, it's not good to go outside.
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Predlog je da se ne izlazi napolje.
07:46
But that is the Ministry's data. He shows 50.
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A ovo su podaci ministarstva. Oni pokazuju 50.
07:51
He says it's good. It's good to go outside.
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Oni govore da je vazduh dobar. Dobro je izaći napolje.
07:55
But 99 percent of Chinese microbloggers
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99 procenata kineskih mikroblogera
07:58
stand firmly on the Embassy's side.
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je odlučno stalo na stranu ambasade.
08:02
I live in Beijing. Every day, I just watch
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Ja živim u Pekingu. Svaki dan gledam
08:07
the American Embassy's data to decide whether I should open my window.
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podatke američke ambasade da
odlučim da li da otvorim svoj prozor.
odlučim da li da otvorim svoj prozor.
08:16
Why is Chinese social networking, even within the censorship,
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Zašto kineske društvene mreže i pored cenzura
08:20
so booming? Part of the reason is Chinese languages.
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cvetaju? Deo razloga je kineski jezik.
08:24
You know, Twitter and Twitter clones have a kind of
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Tviter i tviterovi klonovi imaju
08:28
a limitation of 140 characters.
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ograničenje na 140 karaktera.
08:30
But in English it's 20 words or a sentence with a short link.
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Na engleskom je to 20 reči ili rečenica sa skraćenim linkom.
08:34
Maybe in Germany, in German language, it may be just "Aha!"
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Možda je na nemačkom to samo "Aha!"
08:38
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
08:40
But in Chinese language, it's really about 140 characters,
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Na kineskom jeziku 140 karaktera čini
08:46
means a paragraph, a story.
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jedan pasus, priču.
08:49
You can almost have all the journalistic elements there.
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Skoro da možete imati sve elemente novinarstva.
08:53
For example, this is Hamlet, of Shakespeare.
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Na primer, ovo je Šekspirov Hamlet.
08:57
It's the same content. One, you can see exactly
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To je isti deo. Možete videti da je
09:00
one Chinese tweet is equal to 3.5 English tweets.
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jedan kineski tvit kao 3,5 engleskih tvitova.
09:07
Chinese is always cheating, right?
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Kinezi uvek varaju, zar ne?
09:10
So because of this, the Chinese really regard this
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Zbog ovoga Kinezi ovo mikroblogovanje
09:14
microblogging as a media, not only a headline to media.
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smatraju kao medij, a ne samo naslov medija.
09:19
And also, the clone, Sina company is
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Sina kompanija je
09:23
the guy who cloned Twitter.
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čovek koji je klonirao Tviter.
09:25
It even has its own name, with Weibo.
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Klon čak ima i svoje ime, Veibo.
09:27
"Weibo" is the Chinese translation for "microblog".
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,,Veibo" je kineska reč za mikroblog.
09:30
It has its own innovation.
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On ima svoje inovacije.
09:32
At the commenting area, [it makes] the Chinese Weibo
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Oblast za komentarisanje kineskog Veiba
09:35
more like Facebook, rather than the original Twitter.
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više liči na Fejsbuk nego na Tviter.
09:39
So these innovations and clones, as the Weibo and microblogging,
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Kada su ove inovacije i klonovi,
kao što su Veibo i mikroblogovanje,
kao što su Veibo i mikroblogovanje,
09:43
when it came to China in 2009,
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stigli u Kinu 2009. godine,
09:46
it immediately became a media platform itself.
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odmah su postali medijska platforma.
09:50
It became the media platform of 300 million readers.
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Postali su medijska platforma za 300 miliona čitalaca.
09:54
It became the media.
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Postali su glavni medij.
09:56
Anything not mentioned in Weibo,
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Ono što se ne pojavi na Veibu i
09:58
it does not appear to exist for the Chinese public.
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ne postoji za kinesku javnost.
10:04
But also, Chinese social media is
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Kineske društvene mreže
10:06
really changing Chinese mindsets and Chinese life.
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menjaju kineski način život i razmišljanja.
10:10
For example, they give the voiceless people
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Daju nemim ljudima način
10:14
a channel to make your voice heard.
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da se i njihov glas čuje.
10:17
We had a petition system. It's a remedy outside the judicial system,
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Imali smo sistem peticija. To je lek van sudskog sistema
10:22
because the Chinese central government wants to keep a myth:
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jer kineska vlada želi da održi mit:
10:25
The emperor is good. The old local officials are thugs.
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,,Vladar je dobar. Stari, lokalni zvaničnici su razbojnici."
10:30
So that's why the petitioner, the victims, the peasants,
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Zato podnosioci peticije, žrtve, seljaci
10:33
want to take the train to Beijing to petition to the central government,
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žele da odu do Pekinga kako bi peticiju predali vlasti,
10:37
they want the emperor to settle the problem.
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žele da vladar reši problem.
10:40
But when more and more people go to Beijing,
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Ali kada sve više i više ljudi odlazi u Peking,
10:42
they also cause the risk of a revolution.
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oni stvaraju rizik od revolucije.
10:46
So they send them back in recent years.
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Zato ih poslednjih godina vraćaju nazad.
10:49
And even some of them were put into black jails.
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Neke su čak i hapsili.
10:52
But now we have Weibo, so I call it the Weibo petition.
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Ali sada imamo Veibo, koji ja zovem Veibo peticija.
10:56
People just use their cell phones to tweet.
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Ljudi koriste svoje mobilne telefone kako bi tvitovali.
10:59
So your sad stories, by some chance your story
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Tako da vašu priču mogu
11:02
will be picked up by reporters, professors or celebrities.
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da primete reporteri, profesori ili slavne ličnosti.
11:06
One of them is Yao Chen,
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Jedna od njih je Jao Čen,
11:08
she is the most popular microblogger in China,
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najpopularniji mikrobloger u Kini,
11:11
who has about 21 million followers.
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koja ima oko 21 milion pratilaca.
11:15
They're almost like a national TV station.
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Ona je skoro kao nacionalna TV stanica.
11:19
If you -- so a sad story will be picked up by her.
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Tako da ona može da razglasi vašu priču.
11:22
So this Weibo social media, even in the censorship,
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Ova Veibo društvena mreža, čak i pored cenzure,
11:27
still gave the Chinese a real chance for 300 million people
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daje priliku Kinezima, 300 miliona ljudi,
11:32
every day chatting together, talking together.
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da se svakog dana dopisuju, pričaju.
11:36
It's like a big TED, right?
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Nešto kao veliki TED, zar ne?
11:39
But also, it is like the first time a public sphere
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Ali to je takođe prvi put da se velika društvena sfera
11:42
happened in China.
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pojavila u Kini.
11:44
Chinese people start to learn how to negotiate
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Kinezi počinju da uče kako da pregovaraju
11:47
and talk to people.
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i da pričaju sa ljudima.
11:51
But also, the cat, the censorship, is not sleeping.
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Ali u isto vreme, mačka, cenzura, ne spava.
11:54
It's so hard to post some sensitive words on the Chinese Weibo.
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Veoma je teško postaviti neke ,,osetljive" reči na Veibo.
11:59
For example, you can't post the name of the president,
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Na primer, ne možete postaviti ime predsednika,
12:02
Hu Jintao, and also you can't post the city of Chongqing, the name,
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Hu Jintao i takođe ne možete
postaviti ime grada Čongćing,
postaviti ime grada Čongćing,
12:07
and until recently, you can't search the surname of top leaders.
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a do skoro niste mogli ni da vršite
pretragu prezimena najviših rukovodilaca.
pretragu prezimena najviših rukovodilaca.
12:12
So, the Chinese are very good at these puns
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Kinezi su veoma vešti u šalama
12:16
and alternative wording and even memes.
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i alternativnim imenima, čak i memama.
12:20
They even name themselves -- you know,
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Čak i daju sebi imena,
12:22
use the name of this world-changing
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iskoristite ime ove teške bitke
12:25
battle between the grass-mud horse and the river crab.
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između lame i rečne krabe.
12:29
The grass-mud horse is caoníma,
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Lama je ,,caonima",
12:31
is the phonogram for motherfucker,
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fonogram za mamojebac,
12:34
the Netizens call themselves.
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netizeni sebe nazivaju tako.
12:40
River crab is héxiè, is the phonogram for
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Rečna kraba je ,,hešie", fonogram za
12:43
harmonization, for censorship.
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usklađivanje, cenzuru.
12:45
So that's kind of a caoníma versus the héxiè, that's very good.
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To je onda bitka između caonima i hešie, dobra šala.
12:51
So, when some very political, exciting moments happened,
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Kada se desi nešto politički zanimljivo,
12:57
you can see on Weibo, you see a lot of very weird stories happened.
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na Veibu možete videti mnogo čudnih priča.
13:02
Weird phrases and words, even if you have a PhD
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Čudne fraze i reči, čak i da imate doktorat
13:07
of Chinese language, you can't understand them.
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iz kineskog jezika, ne biste ih razumeli.
13:10
But you can't even expand more, no, because
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Ali više ne može da se širi jer je
13:13
Chinese Sina Weibo, when it was founded
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kineski Sina Veibo osnovan
13:16
was exactly one month after the official blocking of Twitter.com.
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tačno mesec dana nakon zvaničnog blokiranja Tvitera.
13:21
That means from the very beginning,
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To znači da je od samog početka
13:23
Weibo has already convinced the Chinese government,
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Veibo ubedio kinesku vladu
13:28
we will not become the stage for
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da neće postati pozornica
13:30
any kind of a threat to the regime.
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za bilo kakvu pretnju režimu.
13:33
For example, anything you want to post,
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Na primer, sve što želite da postavite,
13:35
like "get together" or "meet up" or "walk,"
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,,sresti se" ili ,,okupiti se" ili ,,šetnja"
13:38
it is automatically recorded and data mined
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automatski se beleži i
13:42
and reported to a poll for further political analyzing.
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prijavljuje za dalje političko analiziranje.
13:49
Even if you want to have some gathering,
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Čak i ako želite da se okupite,
13:51
before you go there, the police are already waiting for you.
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pre nego što dođete tamo, policija vas već čeka.
13:54
Why? Because they have the data.
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Zašto? Zato što imaju podatke.
13:56
They have everything in their hands.
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Sve imaju u svojim rukama.
13:58
So they can use the 1984 scenario data mining of the dissident.
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Mogu da koriste scenario iz ,,1984."
za prikupljanje podataka disidenata.
za prikupljanje podataka disidenata.
14:05
So the crackdown is very serious.
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Obračun je veoma ozbiljan.
14:08
But I want you to notice a very funny thing
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Ali želim da uvidite jednu veoma smešnu stvar
14:11
during the process of the cat-and-mouse.
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u bici između mačke i miša.
14:14
The cat is the censorship, but Chinese is not only one cat,
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Mačka, cenzura, nije jedina mačka
14:18
but also has local cats. Central cat and local cats.
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već postoje i lokalne mačke.
Centralna mačka i lokalne mačke.
Centralna mačka i lokalne mačke.
14:22
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
14:23
You know, the server is in the [central] cats' hands,
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Server je u rukama centralne mačke
14:27
so even that -- when the Netizens criticize the local government,
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pa kada netizeni kritikuju lokalnu vlast,
14:31
the local government has not any access to the data in Beijing.
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lokalna vlast nema pristup podacima u Pekingu.
14:36
Without bribing the central cats,
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Bez podmićivanja centralnih mačaka,
14:38
he can do nothing, only apologize.
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ona ne može ništa osim da se izvinjava.
14:41
So these three years, in the past three years,
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Stoga su u poslednje tri godine
14:44
social movements about microblogging
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društveni pokreti o mikroblogovanju
14:46
really changed local government,
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stvarno promenili lokalnu vlast,
14:49
became more and more transparent,
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ona je postala transparentnija
14:51
because they can't access the data.
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jer nema pristup podacima.
14:54
The server is in Beijing.
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Server je u Pekingu.
14:58
The story about the train crash,
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U priči o železničkoj nesreći,
14:59
maybe the question is not about why 10 million
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pitanje nije zašto 10 miliona
15:02
criticisms in five days, but why the Chinese central government
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kritika u pet dana već zašto je kineska centralna vlast
15:06
allowed the five days of freedom of speech online.
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dozvolila pet dana slobode govora na internetu.
15:10
It's never happened before.
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To se nikada do sada nije desilo.
15:12
And so it's very simple, because even the top leaders
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Veoma je jednostavno, čak je i vrhovnim rukovodiocima
15:15
were fed up with this guy, this independent kingdom.
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bilo dosta ovog lika, njegovog nezavisnog kraljevstva.
15:19
So they want an excuse --
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Zato su želeli izgovor -
15:20
public opinion is a very good excuse to punish him.
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javno mnjenje je veoma dobar izgovor za kaznu.
15:24
But also, the Bo Xilai case recently, very big news,
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Ali takođe, Bo Šilai slučaj nedavno, velike novosti,
15:27
he's a princeling.
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on je kneščić.
15:28
But from February to April this year,
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Od februara do aprila ove godine
15:32
Weibo really became a marketplace of rumors.
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Veibo je postao tržište glasina.
15:35
You can almost joke everything about these princelings,
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Možete da se šalite na račun ovih kneščića,
15:38
everything! It's almost like you're living in the United States.
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o bilo čemu! Kao da živite u
Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama.
Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama.
15:42
But if you dare to retweet or mention any fake coup
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Ali ako se usudite da tvitujete ili pomenete nešto neistinito
15:46
about Beijing, you definitely will be arrested.
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o Pekingu, sigurno ćete biti uhapšeni.
15:50
So this kind of freedom is a targeted and precise window.
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Ova vrsta slobode je ciljana i ima precizan okvir.
15:56
So Chinese in China, censorship is normal.
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Kinezima u Kini, cenzura je normalna stvar.
16:00
Something you find is, freedom is weird.
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Sloboda je čudna.
16:03
Something will happen behind it.
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Nešto će se desiti iza nje.
16:04
Because he was a very popular Leftist leader,
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On je bio veoma popularan levičarski vođa,
16:08
so the central government wanted to purge him,
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a centralna vlast je želela da izvrši čistku,
16:10
and he was very cute, he convinced all the Chinese people,
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a on je bio veoma ljubak, ubedio je Kineze
16:14
why he is so bad.
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zašto je tako loš.
16:16
So Weibo, the 300 million public sphere,
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Veibo, društvena sfera od 300 miliona ljudi,
16:20
became a very good, convenient tool for a political fight.
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je postao veoma zgodna alatka za političku borbu.
16:24
But this technology is very new,
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Ova tehnologija je veoma nova,
16:26
but technically is very old.
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ali je tehnički veoma stara.
16:28
It was made famous by Chairman Mao, Mao Zedong,
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Napravio ju je poznati predsednik Mao, Mao Cedung,
16:31
because he mobilized millions of Chinese people
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on je mobilizovao milione Kineza
16:34
in the Cultural Revolution to destroy every local government.
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u kulturnoj revoluciji kako bi uništio sve lokalne vlasti.
16:38
It's very simple, because Chinese central government
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Veoma je jednostavno, kineska centralna vlast
16:41
doesn't need to even lead the public opinion.
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uopšte ne mora da vodi javno mnjenje.
16:43
They just give them a target window to not censor people.
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Samo daju precizan okvir u kom ne cenzurišu ljude.
16:47
Not censoring in China has become a political tool.
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Necenzurisanje je u Kini postalo politička alatka.
16:53
So that's the update about this game, cat-and-mouse.
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To su novosti u ovoj igri mačke i miša.
16:57
Social media changed Chinese mindset.
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Društvene mreže su promenile način razmišljanja Kineza.
16:59
More and more Chinese intend to embrace freedom of speech
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Sve više Kineza namerava da prihvati slobodu govora
17:03
and human rights as their birthright,
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i ljudskih prava kao svoje pravo stečeno rođenjem,
17:05
not some imported American privilege.
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a ne kao uvoznu američku privilegiju.
17:09
But also, it gave the Chinese a national public sphere
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Takođe je Kinezima dalo nacionalnu društvenu sferu
17:12
for people to, it's like a training of their citizenship,
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u kojoj se ljudi, poput treniranja svog državljanstva,
17:17
preparing for future democracy.
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pripremaju za buduću demokratiju.
17:19
But it didn't change the Chinese political system,
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Ali nije promenila kineski politički sistem
17:22
and also the Chinese central government utilized this
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i kineska centralna vlast takođe koristi
17:25
centralized server structure to strengthen its power
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ovu centralizovanu strukturu servera kako bi ojačala svoju moć
17:29
to counter the local government and the different factions.
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suprotstavljanja lokalnoj vlasti i drugim frakcijama.
17:33
So, what's the future?
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Kakva je onda budućnost?
17:36
After all, we are the mouse.
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Na kraju krajeva, mi smo miš.
17:38
Whatever the future is, we should fight against the [cat].
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Kakva god budućnost bila, mi bi trebalo
da se borimo protiv mačke.
da se borimo protiv mačke.
17:42
There is not only in China, but also in the United States
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Ne samo u Kini, već i u Sjedinjenim Državama
17:46
there are some very small, cute but bad cats.
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postoje male i ljupke, ali zle mačke.
17:51
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
17:53
SOPA, PIPA, ACTA, TPP and ITU.
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SOPA, PIPA, ACTA, TPP i ITU.
17:59
And also, like Facebook and Google, they claim they are friends of the mouse,
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I takođe, poput Fejsbuka i Gugla, oni tvrde da su prijatelji miša,
18:05
but sometimes we see them dating the cats.
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ali ih ponekad vidimo sa mačkama.
18:09
So my conclusion is very simple.
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Moj zaključak je jednostavan.
18:12
We Chinese fight for our freedom,
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Mi, Kinezi, se borimo za svoju slobodu,
18:15
you just watch your bad cats.
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vi samo gledate svoje zle mačke.
18:19
Don't let them hook [up] with the Chinese cats.
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Ne dozvolite im da se povežu sa kineskim mačkama.
18:21
Only in this way, in the future,
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Samo tako ćemo u budućnosti
18:24
we will achieve the dreams of the mouse:
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ostvariti snove miša:
18:28
that we can tweet anytime, anywhere, without fear.
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moći ćemo da tvitujemo bilo kad i bilo gde bez straha.
18:31
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
18:39
Thank you.
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Hvala.
18:41
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Michael Anti - BloggerMichael Anti (Zhao Jing), a key figure in China's new journalism, explores the growing power of the Chinese internet.
Why you should listen
One morning in 2011, Michael Anti woke up to find himself a nonperson: His Facebook profile, with 1,000+ contacts, had been suspended. Anti, whose given name is Zhao Jing, ran up against Facebook's real-name policy--but he points out that for Chinese bloggers and information activists, the pseudonym is an important protection for the free exchange of information.
Facebook itself is blocked in China (along with Twitter and YouTube), but the country boasts some 500 million netizens--including 200 million microbloggers on sites like Sina Weibo, a freewheeling though monitored platform for text and photo updates that offers, perhaps for the first time, a space for public debate in China. It's not a western-style space, Anti clarifies, but for China it is revolutionary: It's the first national public sphere. Microblogs' role became clear in the wake of the high-speed train crash in Wenzhou in 2011, when Weibo became a locus of activism and complaint--and a backchannel that refuted official reports and has continued to play a key role in more recent events.
Michael Anti | Speaker | TED.com