TED2018
Giada Gerboni: The incredible potential of flexible, soft robots
Đada Gerboni (Giada Gerboni): Neverovatan potencijal fleksibilnih, mekih robota
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1,397,702 views
Roboti su dizajnirani zbog brzine i preciznosti - ali njihova rigidnost često ograničava način na koji se koriste. U ovom poučnom govoru, biomedicinski inženjer Đada Gerboni deli najnovija dostignuća u „mekoj robotici”, sve popularnijem polju koje ima za cilj stvaranje pokretnih mašina koje imitiraju prirodu, kao što je robotska hobotnica. Saznajte više o tome kako ove fleksibilne strukture mogu igrati ključnu ulogu u operativnim zahvatima, medicini i svakodnevnom životu.
Giada Gerboni - Biomedical engineer
Giada Gerboni works in surgical robotics, supporting surgeons with new flexible robotic devices in order to make once impossible operations a reality. Full bio
Giada Gerboni works in surgical robotics, supporting surgeons with new flexible robotic devices in order to make once impossible operations a reality. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
So, robots.
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Roboti, dakle.
00:15
Robots can be programmed
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Roboti mogu biti programirani tako
00:16
to do the same task millions of times
with minimal error,
with minimal error,
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da obavljaju jedan zadatak milion puta
uz minimalne greške,
uz minimalne greške,
00:20
something very difficult for us, right?
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a nama je to vrlo teško, zar ne?
00:23
And it can be very impressive
to watch them at work.
to watch them at work.
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I vrlo je impresivno gledati
robote na delu.
robote na delu.
00:26
Look at them.
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Vidite ih samo.
00:27
I could watch them for hours.
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Mogla bih da ih posmatram satima.
00:30
No?
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Vi ne?
00:31
What is less impressive
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Ono manje impresivno
00:33
is that if you take these robots
out of the factories,
out of the factories,
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je to da ako ove robote
iznesete van fabrika,
iznesete van fabrika,
00:36
where the environments are not
perfectly known and measured like here,
perfectly known and measured like here,
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gde okruženje nije tako poznato
i kontrolisano poput ovog,
i kontrolisano poput ovog,
00:41
to do even a simple task
which doesn't require much precision,
which doesn't require much precision,
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i date im jednostavan zadatak
koji ne zahteva preciznost
koji ne zahteva preciznost
00:45
this is what can happen.
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ovo se može dogoditi.
00:46
I mean, opening a door,
you don't require much precision.
you don't require much precision.
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Otvaranje vrata, mislim,
koliko morate da budete precizni.
koliko morate da budete precizni.
00:49
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
00:50
Or a small error in the measurements,
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Ili usled manje greške u merenju,
00:53
he misses the valve, and that's it --
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nije uspeo da dohvati ventil, i eto -
00:55
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
00:56
with no way of recovering,
most of the time.
most of the time.
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obično ode u zaborav.
Ali zašto je to tako?
00:59
So why is that?
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01:01
Well, for many years,
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Već mnogo godina
01:03
robots have been designed
to emphasize speed and precision,
to emphasize speed and precision,
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roboti se dizajniraju tako da naglase
brzinu i preciznost,
brzinu i preciznost,
a to podrazumeva vrlo
specifičnu arhitekturu.
specifičnu arhitekturu.
01:06
and this translates
into a very specific architecture.
into a very specific architecture.
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01:09
If you take a robot arm,
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Uzmimo za primer ruku robota
01:10
it's a very well-defined
set of rigid links
set of rigid links
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koja predstavlja vrlo dobro definisan
set krutih karika
set krutih karika
01:13
and motors, what we call actuators,
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i motora, koje se nazivaju pokretači,
01:15
they move the links about the joints.
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i koji pomeraju karike između zglobova.
01:17
In this robotic structure,
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U ovakvoj strukturi
01:18
you have to perfectly
measure your environment,
measure your environment,
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morate precizno da odredite okruženje,
01:20
so what is around,
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dakle, šta se nalazi oko njega,
01:22
and you have to perfectly
program every movement
program every movement
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i morate da detaljno isprogramirate
svaki pokret
svaki pokret
01:25
of the robot joints,
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zglobova robota
01:27
because a small error
can generate a very large fault,
can generate a very large fault,
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jer i najmanja greška
može da dovede do ogromne greške,
može da dovede do ogromne greške,
01:30
so you can damage something
or you can get your robot damaged
or you can get your robot damaged
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možete da oštetite nešto
ili oštetite robota samog
ili oštetite robota samog
01:33
if something is harder.
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ako je sklop previše tvrd.
01:36
So let's talk about them a moment.
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Zato hajde da se pozabavimo time.
01:38
And don't think
about the brains of these robots
about the brains of these robots
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I nemojte da obraćate pažnju
na mozak robota
na mozak robota
01:41
or how carefully we program them,
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ili na to kako su isprogramirani,
01:44
but rather look at their bodies.
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već na njihova tela.
01:46
There is obviously
something wrong with it,
something wrong with it,
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Očigledno da nešto nije kako treba
01:49
because what makes a robot
precise and strong
precise and strong
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jer ono po čemu je robot precizan i snažan
01:52
also makes them ridiculously dangerous
and ineffective in the real world,
and ineffective in the real world,
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takođe utiče i na stepen opasnosti
i efikasnosti u stvarnom svetu,
i efikasnosti u stvarnom svetu,
01:57
because their body cannot deform
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jer se njihova tela ne mogu deformisati
01:59
or better adjust to the interaction
with the real world.
with the real world.
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ili bolje prilagoditi interakciji
sa stvarnim svetom.
sa stvarnim svetom.
02:03
So think about the opposite approach,
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Hajde onda da razmislimo
o suprotnom pristupu,
o suprotnom pristupu,
02:06
being softer than
anything else around you.
anything else around you.
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o većem stepenu mekoće
od bilo čega oko nas.
od bilo čega oko nas.
02:09
Well, maybe you think that you're not
really able to do anything if you're soft,
really able to do anything if you're soft,
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Verovatno mislite da ništa ne možete
da postignete ako ste previše meki,
da postignete ako ste previše meki,
02:14
probably.
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zar ne.
02:16
Well, nature teaches us the opposite.
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Međutim, priroda nas uči drugačije.
02:19
For example, at the bottom of the ocean,
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Primera radi, na dnu okeana,
02:21
under thousands of pounds
of hydrostatic pressure,
of hydrostatic pressure,
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ispod hiljada paskala
hidrostatičkog pritiska,
hidrostatičkog pritiska,
02:23
a completely soft animal
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jedna vrlo meka životinja
02:25
can move and interact
with a much stiffer object than him.
with a much stiffer object than him.
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se kreće i interaguje sa objektima
koji su daleko tvrđi od nje.
koji su daleko tvrđi od nje.
02:29
He walks by carrying around
this coconut shell
this coconut shell
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Ona hoda noseći ovu ljusku kokosa
02:32
thanks to the flexibility
of his tentacles,
of his tentacles,
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zahvaljujući fleksibilnosti svojih pipaka,
02:35
which serve as both his feet and hands.
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koji služe kao noge i ruke.
02:38
And apparently,
an octopus can also open a jar.
an octopus can also open a jar.
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I očigledno, hobotnica
može otvoriti teglu.
može otvoriti teglu.
02:43
It's pretty impressive, right?
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Prilično impresivno, zar ne?
02:47
But clearly, this is not enabled
just by the brain of this animal,
just by the brain of this animal,
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Jasno je da za ovako nešto
nije potreban samo mozak životinje,
nije potreban samo mozak životinje,
02:52
but also by his body,
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već i njeno telo,
02:54
and it's a clear example,
maybe the clearest example,
maybe the clearest example,
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a ovo je čist primer i verovatno
najjasniji do sada,
najjasniji do sada,
02:58
of embodied intelligence,
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otelotvorene inteligencije
03:00
which is a kind of intelligence
that all living organisms have.
that all living organisms have.
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koju poseduju sva živa bića.
03:03
We all have that.
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Svi mi to imamo.
03:05
Our body, its shape,
material and structure,
material and structure,
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Naše telo, njegov oblik,
materijal i struktura
materijal i struktura
03:09
plays a fundamental role
during a physical task,
during a physical task,
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igraju fudnamentalnu ulogu
tokom izvođenja nekog fizičkog zadatka
tokom izvođenja nekog fizičkog zadatka
03:12
because we can conform to our environment
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jer se mi možemo prilagoditi okruženju,
03:17
so we can succeed in a large
variety of situations
variety of situations
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stoga ga možemo izvšiti sa uspehom
u različitim situacijama,
u različitim situacijama,
03:20
without much planning
or calculations ahead.
or calculations ahead.
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bez mnogo planiranja
i izračunavanja unapred.
i izračunavanja unapred.
03:23
So why don't we put
some of this embodied intelligence
some of this embodied intelligence
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Zašto onda ne bismo ubacili
nešto od te otelotvorene inteligencije
nešto od te otelotvorene inteligencije
03:26
into our robotic machines,
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u naše robotske mašine
03:27
to release them from relying
on excessive work
on excessive work
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kako se više ne bismo oslanjali
na ekstenzivan rad
na ekstenzivan rad
03:30
on computation and sensing?
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koji podrazumeva izračunavanje
i očitavanje?
i očitavanje?
03:33
Well, to do that, we can follow
the strategy of nature,
the strategy of nature,
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Da bismo u tome uspeli,
možemo slediti strategiju prirode,
možemo slediti strategiju prirode,
03:35
because with evolution,
she's done a pretty good job
she's done a pretty good job
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jer je, tokom evolucije, uradila
prilično zadivljujući posao
prilično zadivljujući posao
03:38
in designing machines
for environment interaction.
for environment interaction.
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dizajniranja mašina
za interakciju sa okruženjem.
za interakciju sa okruženjem.
03:42
And it's easy to notice that nature
uses soft material frequently
uses soft material frequently
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I nije teško primetiti da priroda
često koristi meke,
često koristi meke,
03:47
and stiff material sparingly.
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a umereno tvrde materijale.
03:49
And this is what is done
in this new field or robotics,
in this new field or robotics,
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I to se primenjuje u ovom
novom polju robotike
novom polju robotike
03:53
which is called "soft robotics,"
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koje se naziva „meka robotika”,
03:55
in which the main objective
is not to make super-precise machines,
is not to make super-precise machines,
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a koja za glavni cilj ima
ne izradu super-preciznih mašina,
ne izradu super-preciznih mašina,
03:59
because we've already got them,
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jer ih već imamo,
04:01
but to make robots able to face
unexpected situations in the real world,
unexpected situations in the real world,
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već izradu robota koji su spremni da
se suoče sa neočekivanim situacijama
se suoče sa neočekivanim situacijama
04:06
so able to go out there.
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u stvarnom svetu i mogu
da izađu u taj svet.
da izađu u taj svet.
04:08
And what makes a robot soft
is first of all its compliant body,
is first of all its compliant body,
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Ono zbog čega je robot mekan
je upravo njegovo fleksibilno telo,
je upravo njegovo fleksibilno telo,
04:11
which is made of materials or structures
that can undergo very large deformations,
that can undergo very large deformations,
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izrađeno od materijala i struktura
koji trpe velike deformacije,
koji trpe velike deformacije,
dakle nema krutih karika,
04:17
so no more rigid links,
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04:19
and secondly, to move them,
we use what we call distributed actuation,
we use what we call distributed actuation,
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i drugo, kako bismo ih pomerali,
koristimo tzv. distribuirano pokretanje
koristimo tzv. distribuirano pokretanje
04:22
so we have to control continuously
the shape of this very deformable body,
the shape of this very deformable body,
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i samim tim neprekidno imamo kontrolu
nad oblikom ovog vrlo fleksibilnog tela,
nad oblikom ovog vrlo fleksibilnog tela,
04:27
which has the effect
of having a lot of links and joints,
of having a lot of links and joints,
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što za rezultat ima
mnogo karika i zglobova,
mnogo karika i zglobova,
04:31
but we don't have
any stiff structure at all.
any stiff structure at all.
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ali ne i krutu strukturu.
04:33
So you can imagine that building
a soft robot is a very different process
a soft robot is a very different process
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Stoga vam je jasno da je izrada
mekog robota vrlo drugačiji posao
mekog robota vrlo drugačiji posao
04:37
than stiff robotics,
where you have links, gears, screws
where you have links, gears, screws
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u odnosu na tvrdu robotiku,
gde postoje karike, zupčanici, zavrtnji
gde postoje karike, zupčanici, zavrtnji
04:40
that you must combine
in a very defined way.
in a very defined way.
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koje morate da kombinujete
na vrlo definisan način.
na vrlo definisan način.
04:42
In soft robots, you just build
your actuator from scratch
your actuator from scratch
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Kod mekih robota, obično je potrebno
da samo napravite pokretač
da samo napravite pokretač
04:46
most of the time,
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ni iz čega,
04:47
but you shape your flexible material
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ali oblikujete fleksibilan materijal
04:50
to the form that responds
to a certain input.
to a certain input.
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na način koji odgovara
zadatim parametrima.
zadatim parametrima.
Ovde možete deformisati strukturu
04:53
For example, here,
you can just deform a structure
you can just deform a structure
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04:55
doing a fairly complex shape
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vrlo kompleksnog oblika,
04:58
if you think about doing the same
with rigid links and joints,
with rigid links and joints,
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ako želite da uradite isto
sa krutim karikama i zglobovima,
sa krutim karikama i zglobovima,
a ovde imamo samo jedan zadati parametar,
05:01
and here, what you use is just one input,
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kao što je pritisak vazduha.
05:03
such as air pressure.
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05:05
OK, but let's see
some cool examples of soft robots.
some cool examples of soft robots.
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U redu, hajde da vidimo neke kul
meke robote.
meke robote.
05:09
Here is a little cute guy
developed at Harvard University,
developed at Harvard University,
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Ovo je mališa kog su razvili
na univerzitetu Harvard,
na univerzitetu Harvard,
a koji se kreće zahvaljujući talasima
pritiska duž njegovog tela,
pritiska duž njegovog tela,
05:14
and he walks thanks to waves
of pressure applied along its body,
of pressure applied along its body,
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i zahvaljujući toj fleksibilnosti,
robot može da se kreće ispod niskog mosta,
robot može da se kreće ispod niskog mosta,
05:18
and thanks to the flexibility,
he can also sneak under a low bridge,
he can also sneak under a low bridge,
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05:22
keep walking,
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nastavi da hoda,
05:23
and then keep walking
a little bit different afterwards.
a little bit different afterwards.
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a zatim nastavi kretanje
malo drugačije nakon toga.
malo drugačije nakon toga.
05:27
And it's a very preliminary prototype,
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I ovo je tek preliminarni prototip,
05:29
but they also built a more robust version
with power on board
with power on board
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ali se takođe radi na robusnijoj verziji
sa pokretačkom snagom
sa pokretačkom snagom
koja može da se primeni i interaguje
sa stvarnim svetom,
sa stvarnim svetom,
05:33
that can actually be sent out in the world
and face real-world interactions
and face real-world interactions
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05:38
like a car passing it over it ...
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na primer, sa automobilom koji prolazi
pored ili preko njega...
pored ili preko njega...
i nastavi sa radom.
05:42
and keep working.
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Simpatično je.
05:44
It's cute.
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05:45
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
05:46
Or a robotic fish, which swims
like a real fish does in water
like a real fish does in water
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Ili riba robot koja pliva
poput prave ribe u vodi
poput prave ribe u vodi
05:50
simply because it has a soft tail
with distributed actuation
with distributed actuation
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samo zato što ima mek rep
sa distribuiranim pokretanjem
sa distribuiranim pokretanjem
05:53
using still air pressure.
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koji koristi pritisak vazduha u mirovanju.
05:55
That was from MIT,
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To je odradio MIT
05:57
and of course, we have a robotic octopus.
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i, naravno, imamo hobotnicu robota.
Ovo je, zapravo, jedan od prvih projekata
06:00
This was actually one
of the first projects
of the first projects
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razvijenih u ovom novom polju
meke robotike.
meke robotike.
06:02
developed in this new field
of soft robots.
of soft robots.
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Ovde vidimo veštački pipak,
06:04
Here, you see the artificial tentacle,
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ali je dizajnirana čitava mašina
sa nekoliko pipaka
sa nekoliko pipaka
06:06
but they actually built an entire machine
with several tentacles
with several tentacles
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06:11
they could just throw in the water,
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koju možete baciti u vodu,
i vidite kako može da kruži okolo
i istražuje podvodni svet
i istražuje podvodni svet
06:13
and you see that it can kind of go around
and do submarine exploration
and do submarine exploration
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06:17
in a different way
than rigid robots would do.
than rigid robots would do.
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na drugačiji način od krutih robota.
06:21
But this is very important for delicate
environments, such as coral reefs.
environments, such as coral reefs.
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Ovo je vrlo važno za delikatna
okruženja poput koralnih grebena.
okruženja poput koralnih grebena.
Vratimo se na zemlju.
06:24
Let's go back to the ground.
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06:26
Here, you see the view
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Ovde imamo prikaz
06:27
from a growing robot developed
by my colleagues in Stanford.
by my colleagues in Stanford.
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iz ugla rastućeg robota
kog su razvile moje kolege sa Stanforda.
kog su razvile moje kolege sa Stanforda.
06:31
You see the camera fixed on top.
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Na vrhu se nalazi kamera.
06:33
And this robot is particular,
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I ovaj robot,
06:35
because using air pressure,
it grows from the tip,
it grows from the tip,
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budući da koristi pritisak vazduha,
raste sa vrha,
raste sa vrha,
06:37
while the rest of the body stays
in firm contact with the environment.
in firm contact with the environment.
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dok drugi deo tela ostaje u kontaktu
sa okruženjem.
sa okruženjem.
Inspiracija za poduhvat dolazi
od biljaka, ne životinja,
od biljaka, ne životinja,
06:41
And this is inspired
by plants, not animals,
by plants, not animals,
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06:44
which grows via the material
in a similar manner
in a similar manner
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koje rastu putem materijala
na sličan način,
na sličan način,
stoga se može prilagoditi
raznim situacijama.
raznim situacijama.
06:47
so it can face a pretty large
variety of situations.
variety of situations.
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06:51
But I'm a biomedical engineer,
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S obzirom na to
da sam biomedicinski inženjer,
da sam biomedicinski inženjer,
06:52
and perhaps the application
I like the most
I like the most
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pa primenu koju najviše volim
06:55
is in the medical field,
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nalazim u polju medicine,
06:56
and it's very difficult to imagine
a closer interaction with the human body
a closer interaction with the human body
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i vrlo je teško zamisliti
bližu interakciju sa ljudskim telom
bližu interakciju sa ljudskim telom
od zalaženja u telo samo,
07:01
than actually going inside the body,
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na primer, u cilju izvođenja
minimalno invazivne procedure.
minimalno invazivne procedure.
07:03
for example, to perform
a minimally invasive procedure.
a minimally invasive procedure.
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07:06
And here, robots can be
very helpful with the surgeon,
very helpful with the surgeon,
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Ovi roboti mogu biti
od velike pomoći hirurgu,
od velike pomoći hirurgu,
07:10
because they must enter the body
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jer moraju da uđu u telo
07:12
using small holes
and straight instruments,
and straight instruments,
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pomoću malih rupa i pravih instrumenata,
07:14
and these instruments must interact
with very delicate structures
with very delicate structures
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a ovi instrumenti moraju interagovati
sa vrlo delikatnim strukturama
sa vrlo delikatnim strukturama
07:18
in a very uncertain environment,
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u vrlo neodređenom okruženju,
07:20
and this must be done safely.
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i vodeći računa o bezbednosti.
07:22
Also bringing the camera inside the body,
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Pored toga, uvođenje kamere u telo,
07:24
so bringing the eyes of the surgeon
inside the surgical field
inside the surgical field
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kako bi hirurg imao uvid
u oblast koju operiše,
u oblast koju operiše,
može predstavljati izazov ukoliko
se koristi krut štap,
se koristi krut štap,
07:27
can be very challenging
if you use a rigid stick,
if you use a rigid stick,
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07:30
like a classic endoscope.
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poput klasičnog endoskopa.
07:32
With my previous research group in Europe,
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Zajedno sa istraživačkom grupom u Evropi
07:35
we developed this
soft camera robot for surgery,
soft camera robot for surgery,
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razvili smo ovog mekog robota
za operaciju,
za operaciju,
07:37
which is very different
from a classic endoscope,
from a classic endoscope,
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koji se umnogome razlikuje
od klasičnog endoskopa,
od klasičnog endoskopa,
i koji može da se pomera zahvaljujući
fleksibilnom modulu
fleksibilnom modulu
07:41
which can move thanks
to the flexibility of the module
to the flexibility of the module
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07:44
that can bend in every direction
and also elongate.
and also elongate.
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koji se savija u svim pravcima,
a takođe se može izdužiti.
a takođe se može izdužiti.
07:49
And this was actually used by surgeons
to see what they were doing
to see what they were doing
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Hirurzi jesu zapravo koristili ovaj izum
kako bi videli šta rade
kako bi videli šta rade
07:52
with other instruments
from different points of view,
from different points of view,
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sa drugim instrumentima
sa drugačijim uglom gledanja,
sa drugačijim uglom gledanja,
07:55
without caring that much
about what was touched around.
about what was touched around.
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ne mareći za to šta se dodiruje usput.
07:59
And here you see the soft robot in action,
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Ovde možete videti mekog robota na delu,
08:03
and it just goes inside.
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koji samo uđe unutra.
08:05
This is a body simulator,
not a real human body.
not a real human body.
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Ovo je simulacija tela,
ne pravo ljudsko telo.
ne pravo ljudsko telo.
08:09
It goes around.
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Ide u krug.
08:10
You have a light, because usually,
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Postoji i svetlo jer, obično,
08:12
you don't have too many lights
inside your body.
inside your body.
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delovi vašeg tela nisu osvetljeni.
08:15
We hope.
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Nadamo se.
08:16
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
08:19
But sometimes, a surgical procedure
can even be done using a single needle,
can even be done using a single needle,
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Ponekad se hirurška intervencija obavi
samo jednom iglom,
samo jednom iglom,
08:24
and in Stanford now, we are working
on a very flexible needle,
on a very flexible needle,
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a trenutno na Stanfordu radimo
na vrlo fleksibilnoj igli,
na vrlo fleksibilnoj igli,
poput vrlo malog mekog robota
08:28
kind of a very tiny soft robot
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koji je mehanički dizajniran
za interakciju sa ovim tkivima
za interakciju sa ovim tkivima
08:30
which is mechanically designed
to use the interaction with the tissues
to use the interaction with the tissues
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08:34
and steer around inside a solid organ.
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i manevrisanje kroz čvrst organ.
08:36
This makes it possible to reach
many different targets, such as tumors,
many different targets, such as tumors,
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To omogućava pristup mnogim
različitim tačkama poput tumora,
različitim tačkama poput tumora,
08:40
deep inside a solid organ
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duboko u čvrstom organu
08:42
by using one single insertion point.
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pomoću jednog uboda iglom.
08:44
And you can even steer around
the structure that you want to avoid
the structure that you want to avoid
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I time se, čak, može manevrisati unutar
strukture koju želite da izbegnete
strukture koju želite da izbegnete
08:48
on the way to the target.
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na putu do željene tačke.
08:51
So clearly, this is a pretty
exciting time for robotics.
exciting time for robotics.
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Složićemo se da je ovo vrlo
uzbudljivo vreme za robotiku.
uzbudljivo vreme za robotiku.
08:54
We have robots that have to deal
with soft structures,
with soft structures,
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Imamo robote dizajnirane za meke
strukture,
strukture,
pa se postavljaju neka nova,
izazovna pitanja
izazovna pitanja
08:57
so this poses new
and very challenging questions
and very challenging questions
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09:00
for the robotics community,
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zajednici robotike,
09:01
and indeed, we are just starting
to learn how to control,
to learn how to control,
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i zaista, tek počinjemo da učimo
kako da upravljamo,
kako da upravljamo,
09:04
how to put sensors
on these very flexible structures.
on these very flexible structures.
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stavljamo senzore
na ove fleksibilne strukture.
na ove fleksibilne strukture.
09:07
But of course, we are not even close
to what nature figured out
to what nature figured out
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Ali naravno, nismo ni blizu toga
što je priroda shvatila
što je priroda shvatila
tokom milion godina evolucije.
09:10
in millions of years of evolution.
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Ali jedno zasigurno znam:
09:12
But one thing I know for sure:
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roboti će biti mekši i bezbedniji,
09:14
robots will be softer and safer,
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09:17
and they will be out there helping people.
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i pomagaće ljudima.
Hvala vam.
09:20
Thank you.
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09:21
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Giada Gerboni - Biomedical engineerGiada Gerboni works in surgical robotics, supporting surgeons with new flexible robotic devices in order to make once impossible operations a reality.
Why you should listen
Giada Gerboni is a postdoctoral scholar at Stanford University, in the Collaborative Haptics and Robotics in Medicine (CHARM) Lab. Gerboni is working on the design and control of needle-sized flexible robots, work that aims to improve current percutaneous tumor ablation procedures. As she says: "One of the most exciting parts of this research is to enable surgical operations in ways that, not long ago, had not yet been conceived."
Gerboni received BE and MS degrees in biomedical engineering from the University of Pisa and a PhD in biorobotics from The BioRobotics Institute of Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies in Pisa, Italy. During her PhD, she specialized in surgical robotics, studying and developing innovative strategies for the actuation and sensing of soft and flexible instruments for applications in MIS (Minimally Invasive Surgery).
A new branch of robotics, called "soft robotics," is expanding the boundaries of robotic applications. Soft robotics faces the grand challenge of increasing the capabilities of robots to make them more suitable for physical interactions with the real world. It involves use of soft and flexible materials, deformable sensors and very different control strategies than traditional robots, which are designed to work in well-defined and confined environments. Gerboni has been involved in this field from the time of her PhD, and since then she has been exploring its potential in the medical/surgical area, where safe robot-environment interaction is crucial.
Giada Gerboni | Speaker | TED.com