TED2016
Raffaello D'Andrea: Meet the dazzling flying machines of the future
Rafaelo Danrea (Raffaello D'Andrea): Upoznajte očaravajuće leteće mašine budućnosti
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Kada čujete reč "dron", verovatno pomislite na nešto veoma korisno ili zastrašujuće. Ali da li oni mogu imati estetsku vrednost? Stručnjak za autonomne sisteme Rafaelo Dandrea razvija leteće mašine i njegov najnoviji projekti pomeraju granice autonomskog leta, od letećeg krila koji može da lebdi i da se odbrani od ometanja letelice od osam propelera koja je ambivalentna orijentaciji do roja malih koordiniranih mikro kvadkoptera. Pripremite se da vas zaseni divni, vrtoložni red letećih mašina koje se kreću poput svitaca na TED bini.
Raffaello D'Andrea - Autonomous systems pioneer
Raffaello D'Andrea explores the possibilities of autonomous technology by collaborating with artists, engineers and entrepreneurs. Full bio
Raffaello D'Andrea explores the possibilities of autonomous technology by collaborating with artists, engineers and entrepreneurs. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
What started as a platform for hobbyists
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Ono što je počelo
kao platforma za hobiste
kao platforma za hobiste
00:14
is poised to become
a multibillion-dollar industry.
a multibillion-dollar industry.
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postalo je industrija
vredna milijarde dolara.
vredna milijarde dolara.
00:17
Inspection, environmental monitoring,
photography and film and journalism:
photography and film and journalism:
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Inspekcija, praćenje životne sredine,
fotografija, film i novinarstvo
fotografija, film i novinarstvo
00:21
these are some of the potential
applications for commercial drones,
applications for commercial drones,
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to su neki potencijali korišćenja
komercijalnih dronova.
komercijalnih dronova.
00:25
and their enablers
are the capabilities being developed
are the capabilities being developed
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I njihovi zagovornici omogućavaju
da se razvijaju
da se razvijaju
00:27
at research facilities around the world.
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u centrima za istraživanje po svetu.
00:29
For example, before aerial
package delivery
package delivery
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Na primer, pre nego što je vazdušna
dostava paketa
dostava paketa
00:32
entered our social consciousness,
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ušla u našu društvenu svest,
00:34
an autonomous fleet of flying machines
built a six-meter-tall tower
built a six-meter-tall tower
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autonoman skup letećih mašina
napravio je toranj od 6 metara
napravio je toranj od 6 metara
00:38
composed of 1,500 bricks
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sačinjen od 1500 cigla,
00:40
in front of a live audience
at the FRAC Centre in France,
at the FRAC Centre in France,
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pred publikom,
u centru FRAC u Francuskoj,
u centru FRAC u Francuskoj,
00:43
and several years ago,
they started to fly with ropes.
they started to fly with ropes.
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i pre nekoliko godina,
počeli su da lete sa konopcima.
počeli su da lete sa konopcima.
00:45
By tethering flying machines,
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Pri vezivanju letećih mašina,
00:47
they can achieve high speeds
and accelerations in very tight spaces.
and accelerations in very tight spaces.
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mogu dostići veliku brzinu i ubrzanje
u uskom prostoru.
u uskom prostoru.
00:51
They can also autonomously build
tensile structures.
tensile structures.
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Takođe mogu sami da naprave
zatezne strukture.
zatezne strukture.
00:54
Skills learned include how to carry loads,
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Naučene su veštine poput,
kako da se nosi teret,
kako da se nosi teret,
00:56
how to cope with disturbances,
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kako da se nose sa smetnjama,
00:58
and in general, how to interact
with the physical world.
with the physical world.
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i uopšteno, interakcija
sa fizičkim svetom.
sa fizičkim svetom.
01:01
Today we want to show you some
new projects that we've been working on.
new projects that we've been working on.
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Danas hoćemo da vam pokažemo nove
projekte na kojima smo radili.
projekte na kojima smo radili.
Njihov cilj je da se pomere granice
u tome šta se može postići
u tome šta se može postići
01:04
Their aim is to push the boundary
of what can be achieved
of what can be achieved
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01:07
with autonomous flight.
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sa samostalnim letom.
01:09
Now, for a system to function
autonomously,
autonomously,
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Da bi sistem samostalno funkcionisao,
01:11
it must collectively know the location
of its mobile objects in space.
of its mobile objects in space.
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mora kolektivno znati lokacije
svojih mobilnih objekata u prostoru.
svojih mobilnih objekata u prostoru.
01:16
Back at our lab at ETH Zurich,
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U našoj laboratoriji ETH Cirih,
01:17
we often use external cameras
to locate objects,
to locate objects,
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često koristimo eksterne kamere
da lociramo objekte,
da lociramo objekte,
01:20
which then allows us to focus our efforts
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što nam daje mogućnost da se fokusiramo
01:22
on the rapid development
of highly dynamic tasks.
of highly dynamic tasks.
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na brz razvoj visoko dinamičnih zadataka.
01:25
For the demos you will see today, however,
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Za prezentaciju danas,
01:27
we will use new localization technology
developed by Verity Studios,
developed by Verity Studios,
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koristićemo novu tehnologiju lokalizacije,
razvijenu od Veriti Studia
razvijenu od Veriti Studia
01:30
a spin-off from our lab.
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unapređenje iz naše laboratorije.
01:32
There are no external cameras.
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Ne postoje eksterne kamere.
01:34
Each flying machine uses onboard sensors
to determine its location in space
to determine its location in space
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Svaka letelica koristi senzore
kako bi imala svoju lokaciju u prostoru
kako bi imala svoju lokaciju u prostoru
01:39
and onboard computation
to determine what its actions should be.
to determine what its actions should be.
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i računanje kojim određuje
šta treba da radi.
šta treba da radi.
Jedine eksterne komande
su one na visokom nivou
su one na visokom nivou
01:43
The only external commands
are high-level ones
are high-level ones
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01:45
such as "take off" and "land."
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kao "poletanje" i "sletanje".
02:10
This is a so-called tail-sitter.
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Ovo je takozvani sedeći rep.
02:12
It's an aircraft that tries
to have its cake and eat it.
to have its cake and eat it.
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To je letelica koja pokušava
da ima i jare i pare.
da ima i jare i pare.
02:15
Like other fixed-wing aircraft,
it is efficient in forward flight,
it is efficient in forward flight,
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Kao i letelice sa fiksiranim krilima,
efikasna je u letu unapred,
efikasna je u letu unapred,
02:19
much more so than helicopters
and variations thereof.
and variations thereof.
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više nego helikopteri
i ostale varijante toga.
i ostale varijante toga.
Za razliku od ostalih letelica
sa fiksiranim krilima,
sa fiksiranim krilima,
02:22
Unlike most other
fixed-wing aircraft, however,
fixed-wing aircraft, however,
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02:24
it is capable of hovering,
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ipak može da lebdi,
02:26
which has huge advantages
for takeoff, landing
for takeoff, landing
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što ima velike prednosti
za poletanje i sletanje
za poletanje i sletanje
02:29
and general versatility.
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i svestranost.
02:31
There is no free lunch, unfortunately.
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Na žalost, ne postoji besplatna užina.
02:33
One of the limitations with tail-sitters
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Jedno od ograničenja sedećih repova je
02:35
is that they're susceptible
to disturbances such as wind gusts.
to disturbances such as wind gusts.
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da su podložni smetnjama
poput naleta vetra.
poput naleta vetra.
02:38
We're developing new control
architectures and algorithms
architectures and algorithms
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Razvijamo nove kontrolne
arhitekture i algoritme
arhitekture i algoritme
02:41
that address this limitation.
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koji će ukloniti ova ograničenja.
02:50
The idea is for the aircraft to recover
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Ideja je da se letelica oporavi
02:52
no matter what state it finds itself in,
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u kakvom god stanju da se nađe,
03:03
and through practice,
improve its performance over time.
improve its performance over time.
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i vremenom, kroz praksu,
popravi svoje performanse.
popravi svoje performanse.
03:15
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
03:22
OK.
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Ok.
03:33
When doing research,
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Kada istražujemo,
03:34
we often ask ourselves
fundamental abstract questions
fundamental abstract questions
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često sebi postavimo osnovna,
sažeta pitanja,
sažeta pitanja,
03:37
that try to get at the heart of a matter.
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koja dolaze u srž materije.
03:41
For example, one such question would be,
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Na primer, jedno takvo pitanje bi bilo,
03:43
what is the minimum number of moving parts
needed for controlled flight?
needed for controlled flight?
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koji je najmanji broj pokretnih delova
za kontrolisani let?
za kontrolisani let?
03:47
Now, there are practical reasons
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Postoje praktični ralozi zašto
03:49
why you may want to know
the answer to such a question.
the answer to such a question.
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bi neko želeo odgovor na takvo pitanje.
03:51
Helicopters, for example,
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Helikopteri na primer,
03:53
are affectionately known
as machines with a thousand moving parts
as machines with a thousand moving parts
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poznati su po tome da su mašine
sa hiljadu pokretnih delova,
sa hiljadu pokretnih delova,
03:56
all conspiring to do you bodily harm.
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koji su u zaveri da vama načine
telesne povrede.
telesne povrede.
04:00
It turns out that decades ago,
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Ispostavilo se da pre nekoliko decenija
04:02
skilled pilots were able to fly
remote-controlled aircraft
remote-controlled aircraft
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stručni piloti su mogli da kontrolišu
letelicu na daljinski
letelicu na daljinski
04:05
that had only two moving parts:
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koja je imala samo dva pokretna dela,
04:07
a propeller and a tail rudder.
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propeler i rep kormila.
04:10
We recently discovered
that it could be done with just one.
that it could be done with just one.
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Nedavno smo otkrili da je moguće
sa samo jednim.
sa samo jednim.
04:13
This is the monospinner,
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Ovo je monospiner,
04:14
the world's mechanically simplest
controllable flying machine,
controllable flying machine,
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mehanički najjednostavnija
kontolisana letelica na svetu,
kontolisana letelica na svetu,
04:18
invented just a few months ago.
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izumljena pre samo par meseci.
04:19
It has only one moving part, a propeller.
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Ima samo jedan pomerajući deo, propeler.
04:23
It has no flaps, no hinges, no ailerons,
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Nema klepne, nema šarke, nema krilca,
04:26
no other actuators,
no other control surfaces,
no other control surfaces,
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nema druge pogone,
ni druge kontrolne površine,
ni druge kontrolne površine,
04:29
just a simple propeller.
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samo jednostavni propeler.
04:31
Even though it's mechanically simple,
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Iako je mehanički jednostavno,
04:33
there's a lot going on
in its little electronic brain
in its little electronic brain
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svašta se dešava u njenom
malom elektronskom mozgu
malom elektronskom mozgu
04:35
to allow it to fly in a stable fashion
and to move anywhere it wants in space.
and to move anywhere it wants in space.
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kako bi mogla da leti mirno
i da se kreće bilo gde u prostoru.
i da se kreće bilo gde u prostoru.
04:40
Even so, it doesn't yet have
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Ipak i dalje nema
04:41
the sophisticated algorithms
of the tail-sitter,
of the tail-sitter,
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sofisticirane algoritme sedećeg repa,
04:44
which means that in order
to get it to fly,
to get it to fly,
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što znači, da bi leteo,
04:46
I have to throw it just right.
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moram da ga bacim kako treba.
04:48
And because the probability
of me throwing it just right is very low,
of me throwing it just right is very low,
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Zato što je šansa da ga
bacim kako treba mala
bacim kako treba mala
04:52
given everybody watching me,
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i svi me gledaju,
04:54
what we're going to do instead
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umesto toga ćemo
04:56
is show you a video
that we shot last night.
that we shot last night.
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da vam pokažemo snimak od sinoć.
04:58
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
05:10
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
05:23
If the monospinner
is an exercise in frugality,
is an exercise in frugality,
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Ako je monospiner vežba štedljivosti,
05:26
this machine here, the omnicopter,
with its eight propellers,
with its eight propellers,
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ova mašina ovde, omnikopter,
sa svojih osam propelera
sa svojih osam propelera
05:30
is an exercise in excess.
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je vežba viškova.
05:32
What can you do with all this surplus?
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Šta sve možete sa ovim dodatkom?
05:35
The thing to notice
is that it is highly symmetric.
is that it is highly symmetric.
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Stvar koju primećujemo jeste
da je jako simetrična.
da je jako simetrična.
05:37
As a result, it is ambivalent
to orientation.
to orientation.
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Zato što je ambivalentna orijentaciji.
05:40
This gives it an extraordinary capability.
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Ovo daje izvanrednu sposobnost.
05:43
It can move anywhere it wants in space
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Može da se kreće bilo gde u prostoru.
05:45
irrespective of where it is facing
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Bez obzira pred čim se susreće,
05:48
and even of how it is rotating.
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i kako se rotira.
05:51
It has its own complexities,
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Ima svoje složenosti,
05:52
mainly having to do
with the interacting flows
with the interacting flows
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najviše tok interakcije
05:55
from its eight propellers.
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od svojih osam propelera.
05:56
Some of this can be modeled,
while the rest can be learned on the fly.
while the rest can be learned on the fly.
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Neke mogu da se modeliraju
dok se ostale uče pri letu.
dok se ostale uče pri letu.
06:00
Let's take a look.
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Hajde da pogledamo.
06:44
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
06:52
If flying machines are going
to enter part of our daily lives,
to enter part of our daily lives,
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Ukoliko će leteće mašine da
postanu naš svakodnevni život,
postanu naš svakodnevni život,
06:55
they will need to become
extremely safe and reliable.
extremely safe and reliable.
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moraće da budu veoma sigurne i pouzdane.
06:58
This machine over here
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Ova mašina ovde,
07:00
is actually two separate
two-propeller flying machines.
two-propeller flying machines.
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je mašina sa dva zasebna
dela sa dva propelera.
dela sa dva propelera.
07:03
This one wants to spin clockwise.
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Ova se vrti u smeru kazaljke.
07:05
This other one wants
to spin counterclockwise.
to spin counterclockwise.
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Ova se vrtu suprotno
od smera kazaljke na satu.
od smera kazaljke na satu.
07:07
When you put them together,
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Kada ih spojimo,
07:08
they behave like one
high-performance quadrocopter.
high-performance quadrocopter.
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postanu jedan kvadkopter
visokih performansi.
visokih performansi.
07:23
If anything goes wrong, however --
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Ako nešto krene po zlu,
07:25
a motor fails, a propeller fails,
electronics, even a battery pack --
electronics, even a battery pack --
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motor se pokvari, propeler,
elektronika ili čak i baterija,
elektronika ili čak i baterija,
07:29
the machine can still fly,
albeit in a degraded fashion.
albeit in a degraded fashion.
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mašina može i dalje da leti,
mada na slabiji način.
mada na slabiji način.
07:33
We're going to demonstrate this to you now
by disabling one of its halves.
by disabling one of its halves.
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Sada ćemo vam ovo demonstrirati
tako što ćemo onesposobiti jednu polovnu.
tako što ćemo onesposobiti jednu polovnu.
07:56
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
08:03
This last demonstration
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Poslednja demonstracija,
08:04
is an exploration of synthetic swarms.
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je istraživanje sintetičkih rojeva.
08:07
The large number of autonomous,
coordinated entities
coordinated entities
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Veliki broj samostalnih,
koordiniranih entiteta
koordiniranih entiteta
08:10
offers a new palette
for aesthetic expression.
for aesthetic expression.
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daju novu paletu estetskog izražaja.
08:13
We've taken commercially available
micro quadcopters,
micro quadcopters,
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Uzeli smo komercijalno dostupne
mikro kvadkoptere,
mikro kvadkoptere,
08:16
each weighing less
than a slice of bread, by the way,
than a slice of bread, by the way,
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inače, svaki težak kao kriška hleba,
08:18
and outfitted them
with our localization technology
with our localization technology
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opremljeni su sa našom
tehnologijom lokalizacije
tehnologijom lokalizacije
08:21
and custom algorithms.
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i posebnim algoritmima.
08:22
Because each unit
knows where it is in space
knows where it is in space
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Svaka jedinica zna gde je u prostoru,
08:25
and is self-controlled,
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i sama sebe kontroliše,
08:26
there is really no limit to their number.
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pa zaista nema kraja njihovom broju.
08:55
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
09:19
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
10:18
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
10:35
Hopefully, these demonstrations
will motivate you to dream up
will motivate you to dream up
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Nadamo se da će vas ovo prikazivanje
motivisati da više sanjarite
motivisati da više sanjarite
10:39
new revolutionary roles
for flying machines.
for flying machines.
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o novim revolucionarnim ulogama letelica.
10:42
That ultrasafe one over there for example
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Ona ultrasigurna tamo, na primer,
10:44
has aspirations to become
a flying lampshade on Broadway.
a flying lampshade on Broadway.
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ima težnju da postane abažur na Brodveju.
10:47
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
10:49
The reality is that it is
difficult to predict
difficult to predict
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Realnost je da je teško
predvideti uticaj
predvideti uticaj
10:52
the impact of nascent technology.
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tehnologije koja se rađa.
10:54
And for folks like us, the real reward
is the journey and the act of creation.
is the journey and the act of creation.
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I za ljude poput nas, prava nagrada
je put i čin stvaranja.
je put i čin stvaranja.
10:59
It's a continual reminder
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To je neprekidan podsetnik
11:00
of how wonderful and magical
the universe we live in is,
the universe we live in is,
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koliko je divan i magičan
univerzum u kom živimo,
univerzum u kom živimo,
11:03
that it allows creative, clever creatures
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da dozvoljava kreativnim,
pametnim stvorenjima
pametnim stvorenjima
11:06
to sculpt it in such spectacular ways.
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da oblikuju u toliko
spektakularnih načina.
spektakularnih načina.
11:09
The fact that this technology
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Stvar je da, ova tehnologija
11:11
has such huge commercial
and economic potential
and economic potential
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ima ogroman komercijalni
i ekonomski potencijal
i ekonomski potencijal
11:15
is just icing on the cake.
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i to je samo šlag na torti.
11:16
Thank you.
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Hvala.
11:17
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Raffaello D'Andrea - Autonomous systems pioneerRaffaello D'Andrea explores the possibilities of autonomous technology by collaborating with artists, engineers and entrepreneurs.
Why you should listen
Raffaello D'Andrea combines academics, business, and the arts to explore the capabilities of autonomous systems. As part of his research as professor of dynamic systems and control at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), he and his collaborators enchant viewers with works like the self-destructing, self-assembling Robotic Chair, or the Balancing Cube that can perch itself on its corners.
D’Andrea and his team created the Flying Machine Arena to test the gravity-defying abilities of their athletic flying robots. Building on research in the Flying Machine Arena, ETH Zürich partnered with its spin-off company Verity Studios and with Cirque du Soleil to create “Sparked,” a short film showcasing the unexpected airborne dexterity of quadcopters. D’Andrea is the co-founder of Kiva Systems, a robotics company that develops intelligent automated warehouse systems and that was acquired by Amazon in 2012.
Raffaello D'Andrea | Speaker | TED.com