TED2016
Raffaello D'Andrea: Meet the dazzling flying machines of the future
Raffaello D'Andrea: Upoznajte očaravajuće leteće strojeve budućnosti
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Kada čujete riječ "dron", vjerovatno pomislite na nešto veoma korisno ili zastrašujuće. Ali mogu li oni imati i estetsku vrijednost? Stručnjak iz područja bespilotnog sistema Raffaello D'Andrea proizvodi leteće strojeve, a njegov najnoviji projekt pomiče granice bespilotnog leta -- od letećeg krila koje može lebdjeti i oporaviti se od smetnji do objekta koji se sastoji od osam propelera i ambivalentan je na orijentaciju ... pa sve do roja sičušnih i koordiniranih mikro kvadrikoptera. Pripremite sa da vas zanese divni, vrtložni niz letećih strojeva, koji plešu poput krijesnica na TED pozornici.
Raffaello D'Andrea - Autonomous systems pioneer
Raffaello D'Andrea explores the possibilities of autonomous technology by collaborating with artists, engineers and entrepreneurs. Full bio
Raffaello D'Andrea explores the possibilities of autonomous technology by collaborating with artists, engineers and entrepreneurs. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
What started as a platform for hobbyists
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Ono što je započelo
kao platforma za hobiste
kao platforma za hobiste
00:14
is poised to become
a multibillion-dollar industry.
a multibillion-dollar industry.
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pretvoriti će se u industriju
koja vrijedi milijarde dolara.
koja vrijedi milijarde dolara.
00:17
Inspection, environmental monitoring,
photography and film and journalism:
photography and film and journalism:
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Inspekcija, praćenje okoliša, fotografija,
film i novinarstvo:
film i novinarstvo:
00:21
these are some of the potential
applications for commercial drones,
applications for commercial drones,
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ovo su neki od potencijalnih primjera
za korištenje komercijalnih dronova,
za korištenje komercijalnih dronova,
00:25
and their enablers
are the capabilities being developed
are the capabilities being developed
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a oni koji ih osposobljavaju,
predstavljaju mogućnost razvitka
predstavljaju mogućnost razvitka
00:27
at research facilities around the world.
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u centrima za istraživanje
po cijelome svijetu.
po cijelome svijetu.
00:29
For example, before aerial
package delivery
package delivery
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Na primjer, prije nego što je
zračna dostava paketa
zračna dostava paketa
00:32
entered our social consciousness,
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ušla u našu socijalnu svijest,
00:34
an autonomous fleet of flying machines
built a six-meter-tall tower
built a six-meter-tall tower
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bespilotna flota letećih strojeva
izgradila je šest metara visok toranj
izgradila je šest metara visok toranj
00:38
composed of 1,500 bricks
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sačinjen od 1.500 cigli
00:40
in front of a live audience
at the FRAC Centre in France,
at the FRAC Centre in France,
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pred publikom u FRAC centru u Francuskoj,
00:43
and several years ago,
they started to fly with ropes.
they started to fly with ropes.
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a prije nekoliko godina počeli
su letjeti pomoću užadi.
su letjeti pomoću užadi.
00:45
By tethering flying machines,
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Kada svežu leteće strojeve,
00:47
they can achieve high speeds
and accelerations in very tight spaces.
and accelerations in very tight spaces.
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mogu postići velike brzine i ubrzanje
u uskim prostorima.
u uskim prostorima.
00:51
They can also autonomously build
tensile structures.
tensile structures.
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Također mogu samostalno izgraditi
i zatezne strukture.
i zatezne strukture.
00:54
Skills learned include how to carry loads,
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Naučene vještine uključuju,
kako nositi teret,
kako nositi teret,
00:56
how to cope with disturbances,
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kako se nositi sa smetnjama,
00:58
and in general, how to interact
with the physical world.
with the physical world.
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i generalno, kako komunicirati
s fizičkim svijetom.
s fizičkim svijetom.
01:01
Today we want to show you some
new projects that we've been working on.
new projects that we've been working on.
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Danas vam želimo predstaviti neke nove
projekte na kojima smo radili.
projekte na kojima smo radili.
01:04
Their aim is to push the boundary
of what can be achieved
of what can be achieved
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Njihov cilj je pomaknuti granice
onoga što se može postići
onoga što se može postići
01:07
with autonomous flight.
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s bespilotnim letom.
01:09
Now, for a system to function
autonomously,
autonomously,
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Da bi sistem funkcionirao samostalno,
01:11
it must collectively know the location
of its mobile objects in space.
of its mobile objects in space.
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mora znati lokaciju svojih
moblinih objekata u prostoru.
moblinih objekata u prostoru.
01:16
Back at our lab at ETH Zurich,
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U našem laboratoriju ETH u Zürichu,
01:17
we often use external cameras
to locate objects,
to locate objects,
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često koristimo vanjske kamere
kako bi locirali objekte
kako bi locirali objekte
01:20
which then allows us to focus our efforts
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a to nam daje mogućnost da se fokusiramo
01:22
on the rapid development
of highly dynamic tasks.
of highly dynamic tasks.
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na brz razvoj visoko dinamičnih zadataka.
01:25
For the demos you will see today, however,
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Za demo verzije koje ćete danas vidjeti,
01:27
we will use new localization technology
developed by Verity Studios,
developed by Verity Studios,
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koristiti ćemo novu lokalizacijsku
tehnologiju, razvijenu od studija Vertiy,
tehnologiju, razvijenu od studija Vertiy,
01:30
a spin-off from our lab.
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nusproizvod našeg laboratorija.
01:32
There are no external cameras.
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Ne postoje vanjske kamere.
01:34
Each flying machine uses onboard sensors
to determine its location in space
to determine its location in space
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Svaka letjelica koristi senzore kako
bi odredila vlastitu lokaciju u prostoru
bi odredila vlastitu lokaciju u prostoru
01:39
and onboard computation
to determine what its actions should be.
to determine what its actions should be.
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i računanje kojim
određuje što treba raditi.
određuje što treba raditi.
01:43
The only external commands
are high-level ones
are high-level ones
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Jedine eksterne naredbe
su one visoke razine
su one visoke razine
01:45
such as "take off" and "land."
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kao što su "polijetanje"
i "slijetanje."
i "slijetanje."
02:10
This is a so-called tail-sitter.
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To je tzv. slijetanje na rep.
02:12
It's an aircraft that tries
to have its cake and eat it.
to have its cake and eat it.
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To je letjelica koja pokušava
imati svoju tortu i pojesti ju.
imati svoju tortu i pojesti ju.
02:15
Like other fixed-wing aircraft,
it is efficient in forward flight,
it is efficient in forward flight,
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Kao i druge letjelice s fiksnim krilima,
učinkovita je u letu naprijed,
učinkovita je u letu naprijed,
02:19
much more so than helicopters
and variations thereof.
and variations thereof.
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mnogo više nego helikopteri
i njihove varijacije.
i njihove varijacije.
02:22
Unlike most other
fixed-wing aircraft, however,
fixed-wing aircraft, however,
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Za razliku od ostalih letjelica
s fiksnim krilima,
s fiksnim krilima,
02:24
it is capable of hovering,
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sposobna je za lebdjenje,
02:26
which has huge advantages
for takeoff, landing
for takeoff, landing
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a ima i ogromne prednosti
za polijetanje, slijetanje
za polijetanje, slijetanje
02:29
and general versatility.
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i prilagodljivost.
02:31
There is no free lunch, unfortunately.
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Ne postoji besplatan ručak, na žalost.
02:33
One of the limitations with tail-sitters
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Jedan od nedostataka letjelica
koje slijeću na rep
koje slijeću na rep
02:35
is that they're susceptible
to disturbances such as wind gusts.
to disturbances such as wind gusts.
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je da su osjetljive na smetnje,
kao što su udari vjetra.
kao što su udari vjetra.
02:38
We're developing new control
architectures and algorithms
architectures and algorithms
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Razvijamo nove kontrolne
arhitekture i algoritme
arhitekture i algoritme
02:41
that address this limitation.
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koji oslovljavaju
te nedostatke.
te nedostatke.
02:50
The idea is for the aircraft to recover
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Ideja je da se letjelica oporavi,
02:52
no matter what state it finds itself in,
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bez obzira u kakvom se stanju nađe,
03:03
and through practice,
improve its performance over time.
improve its performance over time.
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i da kroz praksu,
poboljša svoju izvedbu.
poboljša svoju izvedbu.
03:15
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
03:22
OK.
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OK.
03:33
When doing research,
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Kada istražujemo,
03:34
we often ask ourselves
fundamental abstract questions
fundamental abstract questions
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često si postavljamo osnovna
apstraktna pitanja
apstraktna pitanja
03:37
that try to get at the heart of a matter.
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koja pokušavaju doprijeti u srž stvari.
03:41
For example, one such question would be,
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Npr, jedno takvo pitanje glasi,
03:43
what is the minimum number of moving parts
needed for controlled flight?
needed for controlled flight?
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koji je minimlani broj pokretnih dijelova
potrebnih za kontrolirani let?
potrebnih za kontrolirani let?
03:47
Now, there are practical reasons
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Postoje praktični razlozi
03:49
why you may want to know
the answer to such a question.
the answer to such a question.
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zašto bi htjeli znati odgovor
na takvo pitanje.
na takvo pitanje.
03:51
Helicopters, for example,
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Helikopteri, na primjer,
03:53
are affectionately known
as machines with a thousand moving parts
as machines with a thousand moving parts
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su poznati kao strojevi s
tisuću pokretnih dijelova
tisuću pokretnih dijelova
03:56
all conspiring to do you bodily harm.
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koji su se urotili da bi vam
nanijeli tjelesne ozljede.
nanijeli tjelesne ozljede.
04:00
It turns out that decades ago,
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Ispostavilo se, da su
desetljećima prije,
desetljećima prije,
04:02
skilled pilots were able to fly
remote-controlled aircraft
remote-controlled aircraft
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iskusni piloti mogli upravljati
letjelicama na daljinsko upravljanje
letjelicama na daljinsko upravljanje
04:05
that had only two moving parts:
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koje su imale dva dijela
koja se pokreću:
koja se pokreću:
04:07
a propeller and a tail rudder.
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propeler i repno kormilo.
04:10
We recently discovered
that it could be done with just one.
that it could be done with just one.
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Nedavno smo otkrlili da se to može
učiniti i samo s jednim dijelom.
učiniti i samo s jednim dijelom.
04:13
This is the monospinner,
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Ovo je monospinner,
04:14
the world's mechanically simplest
controllable flying machine,
controllable flying machine,
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na svijetu mehanički najjednostavniji
upravljački leteći stroj,
upravljački leteći stroj,
04:18
invented just a few months ago.
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izumljen prije samo nekoliko mjeseci.
04:19
It has only one moving part, a propeller.
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Ima samo jedan dio koji
se pokreće, propeler.
se pokreće, propeler.
04:23
It has no flaps, no hinges, no ailerons,
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Nema klapne, šarke, krilca,
04:26
no other actuators,
no other control surfaces,
no other control surfaces,
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nema druge pogone,
ni druge kontrolne površine,
ni druge kontrolne površine,
04:29
just a simple propeller.
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samo jednostavan propeler.
04:31
Even though it's mechanically simple,
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Iako je mehanički jednostavan,
04:33
there's a lot going on
in its little electronic brain
in its little electronic brain
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svašta se događa u njegovom
malom elektronskom mozgu
malom elektronskom mozgu
04:35
to allow it to fly in a stable fashion
and to move anywhere it wants in space.
and to move anywhere it wants in space.
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kako bi mogao letjeti mirno i
kretati se, bilo gdje u prostoru.
kretati se, bilo gdje u prostoru.
04:40
Even so, it doesn't yet have
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Ipak i dalje nema
04:41
the sophisticated algorithms
of the tail-sitter,
of the tail-sitter,
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sofisticirane algoritme letjelice
koja slijeće na rep,
koja slijeće na rep,
04:44
which means that in order
to get it to fly,
to get it to fly,
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a što znači, da bi letio,
04:46
I have to throw it just right.
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moram ga baciti kako treba.
04:48
And because the probability
of me throwing it just right is very low,
of me throwing it just right is very low,
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A pošto je šansa da ga bacim
kako treba, jako mala,
kako treba, jako mala,
04:52
given everybody watching me,
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s obzirom da me svi gledaju,
04:54
what we're going to do instead
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umjesto toga,
04:56
is show you a video
that we shot last night.
that we shot last night.
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pokazati ćemo vam video
koji smo snimili sinoć.
koji smo snimili sinoć.
04:58
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
05:10
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
05:23
If the monospinner
is an exercise in frugality,
is an exercise in frugality,
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Ako je monospinner vježba u štedljivosti,
05:26
this machine here, the omnicopter,
with its eight propellers,
with its eight propellers,
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ovaj stroj ovdje, omnikopter,
sa svojih osam propelera,
sa svojih osam propelera,
05:30
is an exercise in excess.
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je vježba viška.
05:32
What can you do with all this surplus?
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Što sve možete s ovim viškom?
05:35
The thing to notice
is that it is highly symmetric.
is that it is highly symmetric.
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Ono što se može primjetiti je,
da je jako simetričan.
da je jako simetričan.
05:37
As a result, it is ambivalent
to orientation.
to orientation.
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Rezultat toga je taj, što je
ambivalentan prema orijentaciji.
ambivalentan prema orijentaciji.
05:40
This gives it an extraordinary capability.
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To mu daje izvanrednu sposobnost.
05:43
It can move anywhere it wants in space
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Može se kretati bilo gdje u prostoru
05:45
irrespective of where it is facing
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bez obzira s čim se susreće
05:48
and even of how it is rotating.
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i kako se rotira.
05:51
It has its own complexities,
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Ima svoje složenosti,
05:52
mainly having to do
with the interacting flows
with the interacting flows
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koje su uglavnom povezane s
tijekom interakcije
tijekom interakcije
05:55
from its eight propellers.
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od njegovih
osam propelera.
osam propelera.
05:56
Some of this can be modeled,
while the rest can be learned on the fly.
while the rest can be learned on the fly.
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Nešto od toga se može modelirati,
dok se ostatak uči pri letenju.
dok se ostatak uči pri letenju.
06:00
Let's take a look.
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Ajmo pogledati.
06:44
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
06:52
If flying machines are going
to enter part of our daily lives,
to enter part of our daily lives,
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Ako će leteći strojevi ući u
naš svakodnevni život,
naš svakodnevni život,
06:55
they will need to become
extremely safe and reliable.
extremely safe and reliable.
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morali bi postati veoma
sigurni i pouzdani.
sigurni i pouzdani.
06:58
This machine over here
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Ovaj ovdje stroj
07:00
is actually two separate
two-propeller flying machines.
two-propeller flying machines.
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je u stvari stroj podijeljen na dva dijela
stroja s dva propelera.
stroja s dva propelera.
07:03
This one wants to spin clockwise.
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Ovaj se vrti u smjeru kazaljke na satu.
07:05
This other one wants
to spin counterclockwise.
to spin counterclockwise.
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Dok se drugi vrti suprotno
od kazaljke na satu.
od kazaljke na satu.
07:07
When you put them together,
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Kada ih spojimo,
07:08
they behave like one
high-performance quadrocopter.
high-performance quadrocopter.
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postanu jedan kvadrikopter
visokih preformansi.
visokih preformansi.
07:23
If anything goes wrong, however --
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Ukoliko nešto pođe po zlu --
07:25
a motor fails, a propeller fails,
electronics, even a battery pack --
electronics, even a battery pack --
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ako motor otkaže, ako propeler otkaže,
elektronika ili čak i baterija --
elektronika ili čak i baterija --
07:29
the machine can still fly,
albeit in a degraded fashion.
albeit in a degraded fashion.
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ovaj stroj još uvijek može letjeti,
ali na slabiji način.
ali na slabiji način.
07:33
We're going to demonstrate this to you now
by disabling one of its halves.
by disabling one of its halves.
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Sada ćemo vam to demonstrirati, tako da
onesposobimo jednu njegovu polovicu.
onesposobimo jednu njegovu polovicu.
07:56
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
08:03
This last demonstration
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Ova posljednja
demonstracija
demonstracija
08:04
is an exploration of synthetic swarms.
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je istraživanje sintetičkih rojeva.
08:07
The large number of autonomous,
coordinated entities
coordinated entities
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Veliki broj samostalnih, koordiniranih
entiteta
entiteta
08:10
offers a new palette
for aesthetic expression.
for aesthetic expression.
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omogućuje novu paletu estetskog
izražavanja.
izražavanja.
08:13
We've taken commercially available
micro quadcopters,
micro quadcopters,
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Uzeli smo komercijalno dostupne
mikro kvadkoptere,
mikro kvadkoptere,
08:16
each weighing less
than a slice of bread, by the way,
than a slice of bread, by the way,
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a svaki od njih je lakši i
od komada kruha,
od komada kruha,
08:18
and outfitted them
with our localization technology
with our localization technology
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i opremili smo ih našom
lokalizacijskom tehnologijom
lokalizacijskom tehnologijom
08:21
and custom algorithms.
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i posebnim algoritmima.
08:22
Because each unit
knows where it is in space
knows where it is in space
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Jer svaka jednica zna gdje
se nalazi u prostoru
se nalazi u prostoru
08:25
and is self-controlled,
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i kontrolira samu sebe,
08:26
there is really no limit to their number.
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i njihovm broju zaista nema kraja.
08:55
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
09:19
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
10:18
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
10:35
Hopefully, these demonstrations
will motivate you to dream up
will motivate you to dream up
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Nadamo se da će vas ovo izlaganje
motivirati da više sanjarite
motivirati da više sanjarite
10:39
new revolutionary roles
for flying machines.
for flying machines.
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o novim revolucionarnim ulogama
za leteće strojeve.
za leteće strojeve.
10:42
That ultrasafe one over there for example
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Ova ultrasigurna tamo, na primjer
10:44
has aspirations to become
a flying lampshade on Broadway.
a flying lampshade on Broadway.
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želi postati sjenilo na Broadwayju.
10:47
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
10:49
The reality is that it is
difficult to predict
difficult to predict
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Realnost je da je teško
predvidjeti
predvidjeti
10:52
the impact of nascent technology.
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utjecaj tehnologije koja se rađa.
10:54
And for folks like us, the real reward
is the journey and the act of creation.
is the journey and the act of creation.
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A za ljude poput nas, prava nagrada je
put i sam čin stvaranja.
put i sam čin stvaranja.
10:59
It's a continual reminder
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To je stalan podsjetnik
11:00
of how wonderful and magical
the universe we live in is,
the universe we live in is,
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kako je divan i čaroban svemir
u kojem živimo,
u kojem živimo,
11:03
that it allows creative, clever creatures
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i da dozvoljava kreativnim,
pametnim stvorenjima
pametnim stvorenjima
11:06
to sculpt it in such spectacular ways.
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da ih oblikuju na toliko
spektakularnih načina.
spektakularnih načina.
11:09
The fact that this technology
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Činjenica da ova tehnologija
11:11
has such huge commercial
and economic potential
and economic potential
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ima ogromni komercijalni
i ekonomski potencijal
i ekonomski potencijal
11:15
is just icing on the cake.
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je samo šlag na torti.
11:16
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
11:17
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Raffaello D'Andrea - Autonomous systems pioneerRaffaello D'Andrea explores the possibilities of autonomous technology by collaborating with artists, engineers and entrepreneurs.
Why you should listen
Raffaello D'Andrea combines academics, business, and the arts to explore the capabilities of autonomous systems. As part of his research as professor of dynamic systems and control at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), he and his collaborators enchant viewers with works like the self-destructing, self-assembling Robotic Chair, or the Balancing Cube that can perch itself on its corners.
D’Andrea and his team created the Flying Machine Arena to test the gravity-defying abilities of their athletic flying robots. Building on research in the Flying Machine Arena, ETH Zürich partnered with its spin-off company Verity Studios and with Cirque du Soleil to create “Sparked,” a short film showcasing the unexpected airborne dexterity of quadcopters. D’Andrea is the co-founder of Kiva Systems, a robotics company that develops intelligent automated warehouse systems and that was acquired by Amazon in 2012.
Raffaello D'Andrea | Speaker | TED.com