TED2019
David Deutsch: After billions of years of monotony, the universe is waking up
Dejvid Dojč (David Deutsch): Posle milijardi godina monotonije, kosmos se budi
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Teorijski fizičar Dejvid Dojč iznosi umno-izazovnu meditaciju o "velikoj monotoniji" - ideji da se ništa novo nije pojavilo u kosmosu milijardama godina - i pokazuje kako sposobnost čovečanstva da stvara objašnjavajuće znanje može biti stvar koja preokreće ovaj trend. "Ljudi nisu igračke kosmičkih sila," on kaže. "Mi smo korisnici kosmičkih sila."
David Deutsch - Quantum physicist
David Deutsch's 1997 book "The Fabric of Reality" laid the groundwork for an all-encompassing Theory of Everything, and galvanized interest in the idea of a quantum computer, which could solve problems of hitherto unimaginable complexity. Full bio
David Deutsch's 1997 book "The Fabric of Reality" laid the groundwork for an all-encompassing Theory of Everything, and galvanized interest in the idea of a quantum computer, which could solve problems of hitherto unimaginable complexity. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I'm thrilled to be talking to you
by this high-tech method.
by this high-tech method.
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Radujem se što vam se obraćam ovom
visokotehnološkom metodom.
visokotehnološkom metodom.
00:18
Of all humans who have ever lived,
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Od svih ljudi koji su ikada živeli,
00:20
the overwhelming majority
would have found what we are doing here
would have found what we are doing here
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ogromnoj većini bi ovo što radimo ovde
00:24
incomprehensible, unbelievable.
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bilo nezamislivo, neverovatno.
00:27
Because, for thousands of centuries,
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Jer, hiljadama vekova,
00:30
in the dark time
before the scientific revolution
before the scientific revolution
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tokom mračnih vremena
pre naučne revolucije
pre naučne revolucije
00:33
and the Enlightenment,
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i prosvetiteljstva,
00:35
people had low expectations.
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ljudi su imali niska očekivanja.
00:38
For their lives,
for their descendants' lives.
for their descendants' lives.
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Za svoje živote,
za živote svojih potomaka.
za živote svojih potomaka.
00:41
Typically, they expected
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Tipično, očekivali su
00:43
nothing significantly new
or better to be achieved, ever.
or better to be achieved, ever.
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da ništa značajno novo ili bolje
ne bude postignuto, ikada.
ne bude postignuto, ikada.
00:48
This pessimism
famously appears in the Bible,
famously appears in the Bible,
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Ovaj pesimizam se poznato
pojavljuje u Bibliji,
pojavljuje u Bibliji,
00:53
in one of the few biblical passages
with a named author.
with a named author.
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u jednom od malog broja biblijskih
tekstova sa imenovanim autorom.
tekstova sa imenovanim autorom.
00:58
He's called Qohelet,
he's an enigmatic chap.
he's an enigmatic chap.
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On je nazivan Propovednikom
(hebr. Kohelet), i bio je zagonetni momak.
(hebr. Kohelet), i bio je zagonetni momak.
01:02
He wrote, "What has been is what will be,
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Pisao je: "Što je bilo to će i biti,
01:07
and what has been done
is what will be done;
is what will be done;
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što se činilo to će se i činiti,
01:10
there is nothing new under the sun."
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i nema ništa novo pod suncem.
01:14
Is there of which it is said,
"Look, this is new."
"Look, this is new."
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Ima li što za što bi ko rekao:
Vidi, to je novo?
Vidi, to je novo?
01:18
No, that thing was already done
in the ages that came before us.
in the ages that came before us.
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Ne, već je bilo za vijekova
koji su bili prije nas."
koji su bili prije nas."
01:23
Qohelet was describing a world
without novelty.
without novelty.
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Propovednik je opisivao svet bez noviteta.
01:29
By novelty I mean something new
in Qohelet's sense,
in Qohelet's sense,
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Pod novitetima mislim na nešto novo
u Propovednikovom smislu,
u Propovednikovom smislu,
01:32
not merely something that's changed,
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ne prosto na nešto što se promenilo,
01:35
but a significant change
with lasting effects,
with lasting effects,
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nego na značajnu promenu,
sa trajnim efektima,
sa trajnim efektima,
01:38
where people really would say,
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gde bi ljudi zaista rekli,
01:40
"Look, this is new,"
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"Vidi, ovo je novo,"
01:42
and, preferably, "good."
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i, poželjno bi bilo, "dobro."
01:46
So, purely random changes aren't novelty.
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Dakle, čisto nasumične
promene nisu noviteti.
promene nisu noviteti.
01:50
OK, Heraclitus did say
a man can't step in the same river twice,
a man can't step in the same river twice,
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Dobro, Heraklit jeste rekao da čovek
ne može kročiti u istu reku dva puta,
ne može kročiti u istu reku dva puta,
01:56
because it's not the same river,
he's not the same man.
he's not the same man.
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jer to nije ista reka,
i on nije isti čovek.
i on nije isti čovek.
01:59
But if the river is changing randomly,
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Ali ako se reka menja nasumice,
02:03
it really is the same river.
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ona u suštini jeste ista reka.
02:06
In contrast,
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Nasuprot tome,
02:07
if an idea in a mind
spreads to other minds,
spreads to other minds,
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ako se ideja u jednom umu
proširi na druge umove,
proširi na druge umove,
02:12
and changes lives for generations,
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i promeni živote generacijama unapred,
02:15
that is novelty.
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to jeste novitet.
02:17
Human life without novelty
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Ljudski život bez noviteta
02:20
is life without creativity,
without progress.
without progress.
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je život bez kreativnosti, bez napretka.
02:24
It's a static society, a zero-sum game.
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To je statično društvo, igra nulte sume.
02:28
That was the living hell
in which Qohelet lived.
in which Qohelet lived.
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To je bio životni pakao
u kome je Propovednik živeo.
u kome je Propovednik živeo.
02:32
Like everyone, until a few centuries ago.
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Kao i svi drugi, do pre nekoliko vekova.
02:36
It was hell, because for humans,
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Bio je pakao, jer za ljude,
02:40
suffering is intimately
related to staticity.
related to staticity.
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patnja je tesno povezana sa statičnošću.
02:44
Because staticity isn't just frustrating.
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Jer statičnost nije samo frustrirajuća.
02:48
All sources of suffering --
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Svi izvori patnje -
02:50
famine, pandemics, incoming asteroids,
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glad, pandemije, nadolazeći asteroidi,
02:54
and things like war and slavery,
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i stvari kao rat i ropstvo,
02:58
hurt people only until we have created
the knowledge to prevent them.
the knowledge to prevent them.
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pogađali su ljude samo dok nismo
stvorili znanje da ih sprečimo.
stvorili znanje da ih sprečimo.
03:04
There's a story in Somerset Maugham's
novel "Of Human Bondage"
novel "Of Human Bondage"
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Postoji priča u noveli Somerseta Moma
"O ljudskom robovanju"
"O ljudskom robovanju"
03:08
about an ancient sage
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o prastarom mudracu
03:10
who summarizes the entire
history of mankind as,
history of mankind as,
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koji rezimira čitavu istoriju
čovečanstva kao,
čovečanstva kao,
03:16
"He was born,
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"Rođen je,
03:18
he suffered and he died."
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patio je, i umro je."
03:21
And it goes on:
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I nastavlja se:
03:23
"Life was insignificant
and death without consequence."
and death without consequence."
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"Život je bio beznačajan,
a smrt bez posledica."
a smrt bez posledica."
03:28
And indeed, the overwhelming majority
of humans who have ever lived
of humans who have ever lived
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I zaista, ogromna većina ljudi
koji su ikada živeli
koji su ikada živeli
03:33
had lives of suffering and grueling labor,
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imala je živote patnje i napornog rada,
03:37
before dying young and in agony.
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pre nego što su umrli mladi i u agoniji.
03:41
And yes, in most generations
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I da, u većini generacija
03:45
nothing had any novel consequence
for subsequent generations.
for subsequent generations.
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ništa nije dalo nikakve nove posledice
za naredne generacije.
za naredne generacije.
03:50
Nevertheless, when ancient people
tried to explain their condition,
tried to explain their condition,
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Ipak, kada su drevni ljudi pokušavali
da objasne svoje okolnosti,
da objasne svoje okolnosti,
03:58
they typically did so
in grandiose cosmic terms.
in grandiose cosmic terms.
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tipično su to radili
u grandioznim kosmičkim metaforama.
u grandioznim kosmičkim metaforama.
04:02
Which was the right thing to do,
as it turns out.
as it turns out.
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Što je bila ispravna stvar,
kako se ispostavlja.
kako se ispostavlja.
04:05
Even though their actual
explanations, their myths,
explanations, their myths,
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Iako su njihova konkretna objašnjenja,
njihovi mitovi,
njihovi mitovi,
04:09
were largely false.
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bili najvećim delom pogrešni.
04:11
Some tried to explain
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Neki su pokušali da objasne
04:13
the grimness and monotony of their world
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tmurnost i monotoniju svoga sveta
04:17
in terms of an endless cosmic war
between good and evil,
between good and evil,
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u smislu beskonačnog kosmičkog rata
između dobra i zla
između dobra i zla
04:22
in which humans were the battleground.
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u kome su ljudi bili bojno polje.
04:25
Which neatly explained why their own
experience was full of suffering,
experience was full of suffering,
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Što je zgodno objasnilo zašto je njihovo
lično iskustvo bilo puno patnje
lično iskustvo bilo puno patnje
04:29
and why progress never happened.
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i zašto se napredak nikad nije događao.
04:32
But it wasn't true.
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Ali to nije bila istina.
04:36
Amazingly enough,
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Začuđujuće,
04:38
all their conflict and suffering
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svi njihovi sukobi i patnje
04:41
were just due to the way
they processed ideas.
they processed ideas.
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bili su samo zbog načina
kako su procesirali ideje.
kako su procesirali ideje.
04:47
Being satisfied with dogma,
and just-so stories,
and just-so stories,
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Jer su se zadovoljavali dogmama,
i "eto tako" pričama,
i "eto tako" pričama,
04:51
rather than criticizing them
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umesto da ih kritikuju
04:53
and trying to guess better explanations
of the world and of their own condition.
of the world and of their own condition.
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i pokušaju da nagađaju bolja objašjenja
sveta i svojih sopstvenih okolnosti.
sveta i svojih sopstvenih okolnosti.
05:00
Twentieth-century physics
did create better explanations,
did create better explanations,
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Fizika dvadesetog veka
jeste stvorila bolja objašnjenja,
jeste stvorila bolja objašnjenja,
05:05
but still in terms of a cosmic war.
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ali i dalje u metaforama kosmičkog rata.
05:07
This time, the combatants
were order and chaos, or entropy.
were order and chaos, or entropy.
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Ovoga puta, borci su bili
red i haos, ili entropija.
red i haos, ili entropija.
05:12
That story does allow
for hope for the future.
for hope for the future.
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Ta priča, istina, dozvoljava
nadu za budućnost.
nadu za budućnost.
05:18
But in another way,
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Ali na drugi način je
05:20
it's even bleaker than the ancient myths,
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čak i sumornija nego drevni mitovi,
05:23
because the villain, entropy,
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jer zlikovac, entropija,
05:26
is preordained to have the final victory,
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je predodređena da odnese konačnu pobedu,
05:30
when the inexorable laws of thermodynamics
shut down all novelty
shut down all novelty
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kada neumoljivi zakoni termodinamike
uguše svaku inovaciju
uguše svaku inovaciju
05:35
with the so-called
heat death of the universe.
heat death of the universe.
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takozvanom toplotnom smrću svemira.
05:38
Currently, there's a story
of a local battle in that war,
of a local battle in that war,
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Trenutno, postoji priča
o lokalnoj bitki u tom ratu,
o lokalnoj bitki u tom ratu,
05:43
between sustainability, which is order,
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između održivosti, koja je red,
05:47
and wastefulness, which is chaos --
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i rasipništva, koje je haos -
05:50
that's the contemporary take
on good and evil,
on good and evil,
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to je savremena verzija dobra i zla,
05:53
often with the added twist
that humans are the evil,
that humans are the evil,
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često sa peripetijom
da sami ljudi jesu zlo,
da sami ljudi jesu zlo,
05:56
so we shouldn't even try to win.
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pa ne bi trebalo čak ni da
pokušamo da pobedimo.
pokušamo da pobedimo.
05:59
And recently,
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A u poslednje vreme,
06:00
there have been tales
of another cosmic war,
of another cosmic war,
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bilo je priča o još jednom kosmičkom ratu,
06:02
between gravity,
which collapses the universe,
which collapses the universe,
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između gravitacije, koja urušava svemir,
06:07
and dark energy, which finally shreds it.
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i tamne energije,
koja ga na kraju raspline.
koja ga na kraju raspline.
06:10
So this time,
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Tako da ovoga puta,
06:11
whichever of those cosmic forces wins,
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koja god od ovih kosmičkih sila pobedi,
06:15
we lose.
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mi gubimo.
06:17
All those pessimistic accounts
of the human condition
of the human condition
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Sva ova pesimistična tumačenja
ljudskih okolnosti
ljudskih okolnosti
06:22
contain some truth,
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sadrže nešto istine,
06:24
but as prophecies,
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ali kao proročanstva,
06:26
they're all misleading,
and all for the same reason.
and all for the same reason.
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sva vode u zabludu,
i sva iz istog razloga.
i sva iz istog razloga.
06:29
None of them portrays humans
as what we really are.
as what we really are.
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Nijedno od njih ne predstavlja ljude
onim što zaista jesmo.
onim što zaista jesmo.
06:34
As Jacob Bronowski said,
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Kao što je Džejkob Bronovski rekao,
06:37
"Man is not a figure in the landscape --
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"Čovek nije figura u predelu -
06:41
he is the shaper of the landscape."
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on je onaj koji oblikuje predeo."
06:43
In other words,
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Drugim rečima,
06:45
humans are not playthings
of cosmic forces,
of cosmic forces,
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ljudi nisu igračke kosmičkih sila,
06:49
we are users of cosmic forces.
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mi smo korisnici kosmičkih sila.
06:53
I'll say more about that in a moment,
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Reći ću više o tome za trenutak,
06:54
but first, what sorts
of thing create novelty?
of thing create novelty?
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ali prvo, kakve to stvari
stvaraju novitete?
stvaraju novitete?
07:00
Well, the beginning
of the universe surely did.
of the universe surely did.
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Pa, početak univerzuma
sigurno jeste stvorio novitete.
sigurno jeste stvorio novitete.
07:03
The big bang, nearly 14 billion years ago,
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Veliki prasak, pre blizu
14 milijardi godina,
14 milijardi godina,
07:06
created space, time and energy,
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stvorio je prostor, vreme i energiju.
07:09
everything physical.
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sve što je fizičko.
07:11
And then, immediately,
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A zatim, odmah,
07:13
what I call the first era of novelty,
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ono što ja zovem prvom erom noviteta,
07:17
with the first atom, the first star,
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sa prvim atomom, prvom zvezdom,
07:20
the first black hole,
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prvom crnom rupom,
07:21
the first galaxy.
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prvom galaksijom.
07:23
But then, at some point,
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Ali onda, u nekom momentu,
07:27
novelty vanished from the universe.
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noviteti su nestali iz kosmosa.
07:30
Perhaps from as early
as 12 or 13 billion years ago,
as 12 or 13 billion years ago,
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Možda već od pre
12 ili 13 milijardi godina,
12 ili 13 milijardi godina,
07:34
right up to the present day,
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ravno sve do današnjeg dana,
07:36
there's never been any new kind
of astronomical object.
of astronomical object.
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više nikada nije bilo nikakve nove vrste
astronomskog objekta.
astronomskog objekta.
07:41
There's only been what I call
the great monotony.
the great monotony.
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Bilo je samo ono što ja zovem
velika monotonija.
velika monotonija.
07:46
So, Qohelet was accidentally
even more right
even more right
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Dakle, Propovednik
je slučajno bio još više u pravu
je slučajno bio još više u pravu
07:51
about the universe beyond the Sun
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o kosmosu iza Sunca
07:54
than he was about under the Sun.
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nego što je bio o ispod Sunca.
07:57
So long as the great monotony lasts,
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Dokle god velika monotonija traje,
08:00
what has been out there
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šta je bilo tamo negde
08:03
really is what will be.
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je zaista šta će i biti.
08:05
And there is nothing out there
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I nema ničega tamo negde
08:07
of which it can truly be said,
"Look, this is new."
"Look, this is new."
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o čemu se stvarno može reći,
"Vidi, ovo je novo."
"Vidi, ovo je novo."
08:11
Nevertheless,
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Ipak,
08:13
at some point during the great monotony,
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u nekom momentu velike monotonije,
08:17
there was an event --
inconsequential at the time,
inconsequential at the time,
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bio je događaj -
nebitan u tom trenutku,
nebitan u tom trenutku,
08:21
and even billions of years later,
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pa čak i milijardama godina kasnije,
08:23
it had affected nothing
beyond its home planet --
beyond its home planet --
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nije delovao ni na šta
izvan svoje planete -
izvan svoje planete -
08:27
yet eventually, it could cause
cosmically momentous novelty.
cosmically momentous novelty.
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ali bi na kraju mogao biti u stanju da
uzrokuje kosmički monumentalne novitete.
uzrokuje kosmički monumentalne novitete.
08:33
That event was the origin of life:
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Taj događaj je nastanak života:
08:37
creating the first genetic knowledge,
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stvaranje prvog genetskog znanja,
08:40
coding for biological adaptations,
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kodiranje za biološke adaptacije,
08:43
coding for novelty.
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kodiranje za novitete.
08:46
On Earth, it utterly
transformed the surface.
transformed the surface.
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Na Zemlji, potpuno je
transformisao površinu.
transformisao površinu.
08:50
Genes in the DNA
of single-celled organisms
of single-celled organisms
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Geni u DNK jednoćelijskih organizama
08:53
put oxygen in the air,
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stavili su kiseonik u vazduh,
08:55
extracted CO2,
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uklonili su CO2,
08:57
put chalk and iron ore into the ground,
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stavili su kredu i rudu gvožđa u tlo,
09:00
hardly a cubic inch of the surface
to some depth has remained unaffected
to some depth has remained unaffected
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teško da ima kubni centimetar površine
sve do neke dubine da je ostao neizmenjen
sve do neke dubine da je ostao neizmenjen
09:06
by those genes.
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od tih gena.
09:08
The Earth became,
if not a novel place on the cosmic scale,
if not a novel place on the cosmic scale,
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Zemlja je postala, ako ne novo
i jedinstveno mesto u kosmičkom rangu,
i jedinstveno mesto u kosmičkom rangu,
09:14
certainly a weird one.
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onda svakako čudno mesto.
09:16
Just as an example, beyond Earth,
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Samo kao primer, izvan Zemlje,
09:19
only a few hundred different
chemical substances have been detected.
chemical substances have been detected.
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detektovano je samo nekoliko stotina
različitih hemijskih supstanci.
različitih hemijskih supstanci.
09:24
Presumably, there are some more
in lifeless locations,
in lifeless locations,
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Pretpostavimo da ima i nešto više
na beživotnim mestima,
na beživotnim mestima,
09:27
but on Earth,
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ali na Zemlji,
09:29
evolution created billions
of different chemicals.
of different chemicals.
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evolucija je stvorila
milijarde različitih hemikalija.
milijarde različitih hemikalija.
09:33
And then the first plants, animals,
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A zatim prve biljke, životinje,
09:36
and then, in some ancestor
species of ours,
species of ours,
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a zatim, u nekoj nama predačkoj vrsti,
09:41
explanatory knowledge.
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objašnjavajuće znanje.
09:43
For the first time in the universe,
for all we know.
for all we know.
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Po prvi put u kosmosu,
koliko nam je poznato.
koliko nam je poznato.
09:47
Explanatory knowledge
is the defining adaptation of our species.
is the defining adaptation of our species.
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Objašnjavajuće znanje je
adaptacija naše vrste koja nas definiše.
adaptacija naše vrste koja nas definiše.
09:53
It differs from
the nonexplanatory knowledge
the nonexplanatory knowledge
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Ono se razlikuje
od neobjašnjavajućeg znanja
od neobjašnjavajućeg znanja
09:56
in DNA, for instance,
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u DNK, na primer,
09:58
by being universal.
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po tome što je univerzalno.
10:00
That is to say,
whatever can be understood,
whatever can be understood,
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To znači, šta god je moguće razumeti,
10:04
can be understood
through explanatory knowledge.
through explanatory knowledge.
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može se razumeti
kroz objašnjavajuće znanje.
kroz objašnjavajuće znanje.
10:07
And more, any physical process
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I više, bilo koji fizički proces
10:10
can be controlled by such knowledge,
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može se kontrolisati takvim znanjem,
10:13
limited only by the laws of physics.
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ograničeno samo zakonima fizike.
10:17
And so, explanatory knowledge, too,
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I tako, objašnjavajuće znanje, takođe,
10:21
has begun to transform
the Earth's surface.
the Earth's surface.
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je počelo da transformiše površinu Zemlje.
10:24
And soon, the Earth will become
the only known object in the universe
the only known object in the universe
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I uskoro, Zemlja će postati
jedini poznati objekat u kosmosu
jedini poznati objekat u kosmosu
10:30
that turns aside incoming asteroids
instead of attracting them.
instead of attracting them.
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koji odvraća nadolazeće asteroide
umesto da ih privlači.
umesto da ih privlači.
10:36
Qohelet was understandably misled
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Propovednik je bio
razumljivo doveden u zabludu
razumljivo doveden u zabludu
10:39
by the painful slowness
of progress in his day.
of progress in his day.
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bolnom sporošću napretka u njegovo doba.
10:44
Novelty in human life
was still too rare, too gradual,
was still too rare, too gradual,
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Noviteti u ljudskom životu su bili
previše retiki, previše postepeni,
previše retiki, previše postepeni,
10:48
to be noticed in one generation.
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da bi se primetili tokom jedne generacije.
10:51
And in the biosphere,
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A u biosferi,
10:53
the evolution of novel species
was even slower.
was even slower.
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evolucija novitetnih vrsta
je bila još sporija.
je bila još sporija.
10:57
But both things were happening.
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Ali obe stvari su se događale.
11:00
Now, why is there a great monotony
in the universe at large,
in the universe at large,
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Dakle, zašto postoji velika monotonija
u kosmosu kao celini,
u kosmosu kao celini,
11:06
and what makes our planet buck that trend?
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i šta to čini da naša planeta
preokreće taj trend?
preokreće taj trend?
11:10
Well, the universe at large
is relatively simple.
is relatively simple.
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Pa, kosmos kao celina
je relativno jednostavan.
je relativno jednostavan.
11:16
Stars are so simple
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Zvezde su toliko jednostavne,
11:18
that we can predict their behavior
billions of years into the future,
billions of years into the future,
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da možemo predvideti njihovo ponašanje
milijardama godina u budućnost,
milijardama godina u budućnost,
11:21
and retrodict how they formed
billions of years ago.
billions of years ago.
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i sagledati unatrag
kako su nastale pre milijardi godina.
kako su nastale pre milijardi godina.
11:26
So why is the universe simple?
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2309
Dakle zašto je kosmos jednostavan?
11:28
Basically, it's because big,
massive, powerful things
massive, powerful things
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U osnovi, zato što velike,
masivne, moćne stvari
masivne, moćne stvari
11:34
strongly affect lesser things,
and not vice versa.
and not vice versa.
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snažno deluju na manje stvari,
a ne obrnuto.
a ne obrnuto.
11:39
I call that the hierarchy rule.
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Ja to nazivam pravilom hijerarhije.
11:42
For example, when a comet hits the Sun,
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Na primer, kada kometa pogodi Sunce,
11:45
the Sun carries on just as before,
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Sunce nastavlja isto kao ranije,
11:47
but the comet is vaporized.
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ali je kometa isparena.
11:50
For the same reason,
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1857
Iz istog razloga,
11:52
big things are not much affected
by small parts of themselves,
by small parts of themselves,
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velike stvari nisu pod velikim uticajem
sopstvenih malih delova,
sopstvenih malih delova,
11:59
i.e., by details.
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t.j. pod uticajem detalja.
12:01
Which means that their overall behavior
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Što znači da je njihovo
sveukupno ponašanje
sveukupno ponašanje
12:04
is simple.
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jednostavno.
12:06
And since nothing very new
can happen to things
can happen to things
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I pošto ništa veoma novo ne može
da se dogodi stvarima
da se dogodi stvarima
12:09
that remain simple,
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koje ostaju jednostavne,
12:11
the hierarchy rule,
by causing large-scale simplicity,
by causing large-scale simplicity,
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5305
pravilo hijerarhije, uzrokujući
jednostavnost u velikim razmerama,
jednostavnost u velikim razmerama,
12:16
has caused the great monotony.
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2671
je uzrokovalo veliku monotoniju.
12:20
But, the saving grace is
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Ali, spasonosni izlaz je
12:23
the hierarchy rule is not a law of nature.
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da pravilo hijerarhije nije zakon prirode.
12:27
It just happens to have held
so far in the universe,
so far in the universe,
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Samo se desilo da se ono održalo
do sada u kosmosu,
do sada u kosmosu,
12:30
except here.
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osim ovde.
12:32
In our biosphere,
molecule-sized objects, genes,
molecule-sized objects, genes,
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U našoj biosferi,
objekti veličine molekula, geni,
objekti veličine molekula, geni,
12:37
control vastly disproportionate resources.
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kontrolišu nesrazmerno ogromne resurse.
12:40
The first genes for photosynthesis,
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Prvi geni za fotosintezu,
12:43
by causing their own proliferation,
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uzrokovanjem sopstvenog širenja,
12:46
and then transforming
the surface of the planet,
the surface of the planet,
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a zatim transformisanjem površine planete,
12:49
have violated or reversed
the hierarchy rule
the hierarchy rule
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prekršili su i preokrenuli
pravilo hijerarhije
pravilo hijerarhije
12:54
by the mind-blowing factor
of 10 to the power 40.
of 10 to the power 40.
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sa neverovatnim faktorom od 10 na 40-i.
12:59
Explanatory knowledge
is potentially far more powerful
is potentially far more powerful
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4282
Objašnjavajuće znanje je
potencijalno daleko moćnije
potencijalno daleko moćnije
13:03
because of universality,
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1635
zbog univerzalnosti,
13:05
and more rapidly created.
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i brže se stvara.
13:08
When human knowledge
has achieved a factor 10 to the 40,
has achieved a factor 10 to the 40,
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Kada ljudsko znanje dostigne
faktor od 10 na 40-i.
faktor od 10 na 40-i.
13:12
it will pretty much control
the entire galaxy,
the entire galaxy,
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ono će otprilike kontrolisati
čitavu galaksiju,
čitavu galaksiju,
13:15
and will be looking beyond.
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1928
i gledaće dalje iza.
13:17
So humans,
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Dakle ljudi,
13:20
and any other explanation creators
who may exist out there,
who may exist out there,
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i bilo koji drugi kreatori objašnjenja
koji možda negde postoje,
koji možda negde postoje,
13:24
are the ultimate agents
of novelty for the universe.
of novelty for the universe.
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su vrhovni izvršioci inovacija za kosmos.
13:30
We are the reason and the means
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Mi smo razlog i sredstvo
13:33
by which novelty and creativity,
knowledge, progress,
knowledge, progress,
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pomoću kojeg noviteti
i kreativnost, znanje, napredak,
i kreativnost, znanje, napredak,
13:39
can have objective,
large-scale physical effects.
large-scale physical effects.
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mogu imati objektivne,
krupne fizičke efekte.
krupne fizičke efekte.
13:45
From the human perspective,
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Iz ljudske perspektive,
13:48
the only alternative
to that living hell of static societies
to that living hell of static societies
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jedina alternativa
životnom paklu statičnih društava
životnom paklu statičnih društava
13:52
is continual creation of new ideas,
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je kontinualno stvaranje novih ideja,
13:57
behaviors, new kinds of objects.
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ponašanja, novih vrsta objekata.
14:00
This robot will soon be obsolete,
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Ovaj robot će uskoro biti zastareo,
14:02
because of new explanatory
knowledge, progress.
knowledge, progress.
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zbog novog objašnjavajućeg
znanja, napretka.
znanja, napretka.
14:08
But from the cosmic perspective,
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Ali iz kosmičke perspektive,
14:11
explanatory knowledge
is the nemesis of the hierarchy rule.
is the nemesis of the hierarchy rule.
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objašnjavajuće znanje
je pogubitelj pravila hijerarhije.
je pogubitelj pravila hijerarhije.
14:16
It's the destroyer of the great monotony.
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Ono je uništitelj velike monotonije.
14:20
So it's the creator
of the next cosmological era,
of the next cosmological era,
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Dakle ono je stvaralac
naredne kosmološke ere,
naredne kosmološke ere,
14:25
the Anthropocene.
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Antropocena.
14:27
If one can speak of a cosmic war,
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Ako se može govoriti o kosmičkom ratu,
14:31
it's not the one portrayed
in those pessimistic stories.
in those pessimistic stories.
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to nije taj koji je prikazan
u onim pesimističnim pričama.
u onim pesimističnim pričama.
14:34
It's a war between monotony and novelty,
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To je rat između monotonije i noviteta,
14:39
between stasis and creativity.
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između zastoja i kreativnosti.
14:43
And in this war,
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I u ovom ratu,
14:45
our side is not destined to lose.
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našoj strani nije suđeno da izgubi.
14:50
If we choose to apply our unique
capacity to create explanatory knowledge,
capacity to create explanatory knowledge,
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Ako odlučimo da koristimo
našu jedinstvenu sposobnost
našu jedinstvenu sposobnost
stvaranja objašnjavajućeg znanja,
14:57
we could win.
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885419
1975
mogli bismo da pobedimo.
15:00
Thanks.
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Hvala.
15:02
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Deutsch - Quantum physicistDavid Deutsch's 1997 book "The Fabric of Reality" laid the groundwork for an all-encompassing Theory of Everything, and galvanized interest in the idea of a quantum computer, which could solve problems of hitherto unimaginable complexity.
Why you should listen
David Deutsch will force you to reconsider your place in the world. This legendary Oxford physicist is the leading proponent of the multiverse (or "many worlds") interpretation of quantum theory -- the idea that our universe is constantly spawning countless numbers of parallel worlds.
In his own words: "Everything in our universe -- including you and me, every atom and every galaxy -- has counterparts in these other universes." If that doesn't alter your consciousness, then the other implications he's derived from his study of subatomic physics -- including the possibility of time travel -- just might.
In The Fabric of Reality, Deutsch tied together quantum mechanics, evolution, a rationalist approach to knowledge, and a theory of computation based on the work of Alan Turing. "Our best theories are not only truer than common sense, they make more sense than common sense,"Deutsch wrote, and he continues to explore the most mind-bending aspects of particle physics.
In 2008, he became a member of the Royal Society of London.
David Deutsch | Speaker | TED.com