TEDWomen 2018
Majd Mashharawi: How I'm making bricks out of ashes and rubble in Gaza
马吉德·麦什哈拉薇: 我是如何用加沙的废墟和碎石制作砖头的
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当马吉德·麦什哈拉薇（Majd Mashharawi）走在加沙饱遭战争摧残的家园时，一个主意闪过脑海：何不把碎石转化成建筑材料？来看她是如何把废墟设计成砖头来帮助人们重建家园——还有她的新项目：把太阳能带给住在黑暗中的家庭。
Majd Mashharawi - Engineer, entrepreneur
Majd Mashharawi leads a startup that makes bricks from recycled local materials -- and employs women in the Gaza Strip. Full bio
Majd Mashharawi leads a startup that makes bricks from recycled local materials -- and employs women in the Gaza Strip. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Yes, it's dark.
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是的，这里很暗。
00:16
I'm wondering how long
we can all stand it
we can all stand it
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我在想，我们能坚持多久
00:20
without picking up our phone
and turning the flashlights on.
and turning the flashlights on.
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不拿出手机把手电筒程序打开。
00:25
Seconds?
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几秒钟？
00:27
Minutes?
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几分钟？
00:29
A whole hour?
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一整个小时？
00:33
Don't worry, I'm not going to give you
my whole speech in the dark.
my whole speech in the dark.
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别担心，我是不会在
一片漆黑中演讲的，
一片漆黑中演讲的，
00:38
But it's something I'm used to.
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尽管我很习惯黑暗。
00:41
For more than 10 years,
I and two million people back home
I and two million people back home
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整整十多年，我和
家乡的两百万同胞
家乡的两百万同胞
00:46
have been living in darkness,
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一直生活在黑暗之中，
00:49
locked between two borders
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困在两个边境之间，
00:51
that are nearly impossible
to leave, literally,
to leave, literally,
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在那个跨越25英里长，
00:56
in an area that spans 25 miles long
and about five miles wide.
and about five miles wide.
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5英里宽的一个区域里，
根本无法离开。
根本无法离开。
01:03
I am Palestinian, and I am from Gaza.
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我是巴勒斯坦人，
我来自加沙。
我来自加沙。
01:07
I grew up there and I still live there.
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我在那里长大，
现在还住在那里。
现在还住在那里。
01:12
In Gaza, we have a whole lot of nothing.
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在加沙，我们一无所有。
01:17
And I aim to create something
from that nothing.
from that nothing.
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我的目标是在贫瘠
（的加沙）中做些东西。
（的加沙）中做些东西。
01:21
When a community is cut off
from the world,
from the world,
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当一个社区与世隔绝，
01:24
all that we need to do is ... what?
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我们所要做的是什么呢？
01:26
To think outside the box.
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发散思维，
01:28
Way outside the box.
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充分发散。
01:32
That thinking led me to two projects
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我由此想到了两个项目
01:37
to address two serious issues
in my community.
in my community.
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来解决我的社区的
两个严重的问题。
两个严重的问题。
01:41
The need for building materials
and the need for electricity and energy.
and the need for electricity and energy.
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对建筑材料的需求以及
对电和能源的需求。
对电和能源的需求。
01:47
Two essential ingredients of life.
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生活中两大要素。
01:51
Both are in lack of supply in Gaza.
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加沙两样都很缺乏。
01:57
First, I'm not here ...
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首先，我到这儿
02:01
just to talk about the occupation
we have back home.
we have back home.
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不光是想谈发生
在我们家园的占领，
在我们家园的占领，
02:05
The siege, the wars,
the bombs, the protests
the bombs, the protests
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包围，战争，炸弹，抗议
02:10
or the death toll.
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或是死亡统计。
02:12
I am here because I wanted to show
that we can live through it all.
that we can live through it all.
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我到这儿是给大家看
我们可以坚持过来。
我们可以坚持过来。
02:18
I am here because I wanted
to make a change.
to make a change.
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我到这儿是因为我想改变现状。
02:21
I am here to tell you
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我到这儿是想告诉你们，
02:23
that I am a statistic
that cannot be ignored.
that cannot be ignored.
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我是一个不能
被忽视的统计数字。
被忽视的统计数字。
02:29
In the 2014 war, thousands
of houses were destroyed.
of houses were destroyed.
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在2014年的战争里，
数以千计的房屋被毁。
数以千计的房屋被毁。
02:36
Those houses were made
from sunbaked stones and blocks.
from sunbaked stones and blocks.
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这些房屋是由经过太阳
炙晒的石头建起来的。
炙晒的石头建起来的。
02:43
Those houses stood
for decades and decades.
for decades and decades.
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这些房屋已经屹立了几十年。
02:47
Those houses were
for my family, friends, neighbors,
for my family, friends, neighbors,
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这些房屋属于我的家庭，
朋友以及邻居，
朋友以及邻居，
02:51
everyone I know.
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所有我认识的人的家庭。
02:54
At that time, I asked myself a question:
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在那个时候，我问自己：
02:56
What can I do for people?
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我能为他们做些什么？
02:58
How can I help them?
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我怎么帮助他们？
03:01
I knew we weren't able
to get cement, aggregate and sand
to get cement, aggregate and sand
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我知道我们弄不到
水泥，集料和沙子
水泥，集料和沙子
03:08
to rebuild what the war destroyed.
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来重建战火销毁的家园。
03:11
But also, maybe we can use something
from inside the community,
from inside the community,
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但是，也许我们可以
利用上社区里的东西，
利用上社区里的东西，
03:15
something we already had.
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我们已有的东西。
03:18
I started to put things together.
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我开始筹划起来。
03:20
First, paper as a filler,
instead of the aggregate we import.
instead of the aggregate we import.
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首先，没有进口的集料，
可以用纸当填塞物。
可以用纸当填塞物。
03:25
But that did not work out.
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结果证明不好使。
03:27
What about using glass powder
to replace part of the cement?
to replace part of the cement?
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或者用玻璃粉末来代替一些水泥？
03:33
But that failed, too.
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结果也不行。
03:36
I guessed making building blocks
out of mud would be a great idea.
out of mud would be a great idea.
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我猜想也许用泥来做砌块会效果不错，
03:40
But unfortunately, it didn't work out.
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但很不幸，结果也不行。
03:43
During the process
of burning the mud blocks,
of burning the mud blocks,
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我们在烧泥块的过程中，
03:47
we had a huge amount of ashes.
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得到了很多泥灰。
03:51
And I was like, "Why don't we
use those ashes?"
use those ashes?"
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我就想，“我们为什么
不用这些泥灰呢？”
不用这些泥灰呢？”
03:55
The idea flashed in my mind.
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这个主意闪过我的脑海。
03:57
"Let's use it and combine it
with the rubble of the demolished houses
with the rubble of the demolished houses
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“我们可以把它和被毁了的
房屋的碎石混在一起
房屋的碎石混在一起
04:02
and make building blocks out of it."
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做成砖块。”
04:06
After more than 150 failed experiments,
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经过150多次失败的尝试
04:10
and over six months of research,
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以及超过6个多月的研究，
04:13
I actually made it.
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我终于成功了。
04:16
(Applause)
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（掌声）
04:23
I created a building block
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我用被毁了的房屋的灰墟和碎石
04:27
out of the ashes and rubble
of the demolished houses.
of the demolished houses.
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做成了砖块。
04:34
It's here, it came all the way with me.
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我大老远带来了一块。
04:36
Well, it came before me.
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它其实比我还先到。
04:39
So, it's lighter,
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它更轻，
04:41
it's cheaper, and it's stronger.
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更便宜，也更结实。
04:46
(Applause)
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（掌声）
04:55
This building block --
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这个砖块——
04:56
of course, you ask yourself,
"How did this girl do it?"
"How did this girl do it?"
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当然，你会纳闷
“这个女孩是怎么做到的？”
“这个女孩是怎么做到的？”
04:59
It's not that hard,
and it's not that easy.
and it's not that easy.
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其实也不是那么难，
当然也不是那么简单，
当然也不是那么简单，
05:02
First, we collected rubble
from all around the Gaza Strip.
from all around the Gaza Strip.
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首先，我们从加沙地带
各个地方收集了碎石。
各个地方收集了碎石。
05:07
Then we combined it with the ashes
that came from the landfills.
that came from the landfills.
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然后我们把它们和来自
垃圾填埋场的泥灰混在一起。
垃圾填埋场的泥灰混在一起。
05:11
When the recipe is done,
it's time for baking.
it's time for baking.
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配料齐了以后，开始烤制。
05:14
So we mold the blocks,
as you can see in the photo,
as you can see in the photo,
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我们浇模以后，就像照片里那样，
05:18
and we cure it using water steam.
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再用水蒸气固化。
05:22
I call the material "Green Cake,"
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我管这个材料叫“绿蛋糕”，
05:24
and people now can use it
not only to rebuild old houses,
not only to rebuild old houses,
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现在人们不光可以
用它重建老房子，
用它重建老房子，
05:28
but also to build new complete structures.
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还可以用来搭建新建筑。
05:32
Green Cake so far has created
jobs for more than 30 people.
jobs for more than 30 people.
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绿蛋糕到现在已经替
30多人创造了工作。
30多人创造了工作。
05:37
And we were able to rebuild
around 50 apartments,
around 50 apartments,
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我们重建了50多套公寓，
05:42
each one of them the size
of a household almost for eight people.
of a household almost for eight people.
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每一套能容下8个人的家庭。
05:48
We also trained fresh graduates,
female and male,
female and male,
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我们还培训了刚毕业的
大学生，有男有女，
大学生，有男有女，
05:55
which is not very common in the community.
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这在社区里并不是很常见。
05:59
And we got several awards,
locally and globally.
locally and globally.
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我们也获得了多个本地的
以及世界性的奖项。
以及世界性的奖项。
06:03
This block is not
just only a building block.
just only a building block.
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这个砖块不只是一个砖块。
06:06
It changed the stereotype
about women in Gaza
about women in Gaza
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它也改变了在加沙
对妇女的成见，
对妇女的成见，
06:09
that stated this type of work
is meant for men.
is meant for men.
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那就是这种工作只适合男人。
06:15
Education is the strongest weapon we have
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教育是我们拥有的最强的武器
06:19
to fight for our freedom,
decent life and future.
decent life and future.
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来为我们的自由，美好的
生活和未来斗争。
生活和未来斗争。
06:24
My background helped me to do this block.
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我的经历帮助我做成了这个砌块。
06:27
I went to the Islamic University of Gaza,
and I studied civil engineering,
and I studied civil engineering,
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我上的是加沙伊斯兰大学
土木工程专业，
土木工程专业，
06:31
where there was a one-to-six
female-to-male ratio.
female-to-male ratio.
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该专业男女生比例6:1。
06:36
Everyone told me
I would end up without a job.
I would end up without a job.
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每个人都对我说
我毕业了找不到工作的。
我毕业了找不到工作的。
06:40
I went for a major that's meant for men.
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我选择了初衷是
为男生打造的专业。
为男生打造的专业。
06:44
But their lack of encouragement
did not deter me; it inspired me.
did not deter me; it inspired me.
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但我并未因缺少来自人们的鼓励
而气馁，这反倒还鼓舞了我。
而气馁，这反倒还鼓舞了我。
06:49
(Applause)
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（掌声）
06:57
After this long journey with the block,
and after two years,
and after two years,
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经过研发砖块的漫长旅程，
在两年以后，
在两年以后，
07:00
what Gaza does need
is not just building blocks.
is not just building blocks.
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加沙需要的不光是砌块。
07:04
We also need electricity,
we need the energy.
we need the energy.
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我们还需要电和能源。
07:09
I developed a new company called SunBox.
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我成立了一个新公司叫“太阳盒”。
07:13
SunBox is a smart solar kit
that we source from China,
that we source from China,
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太阳盒是我们在中国采购的
一个智能太阳能设备，
一个智能太阳能设备，
07:16
and we engineer it to fit the market need.
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我们针对市场需要进行了改装。
07:19
It powers not only light,
but also laptops, phones,
but also laptops, phones,
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它不光能给灯提供电源，
也适用于笔记本电脑，手机，
也适用于笔记本电脑，手机，
07:23
internet connection, a fan or a TV.
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互联网连接，风扇或是电视。
07:26
We teach local vendors and technicians
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我们培训当地的商贩和技师
07:29
to sell, install and provide
customer services for people.
customer services for people.
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如何销售，安装和提供客服。
07:34
We got the project off the ground
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项目启动之初，
07:36
by providing 15 families
with solar energy.
with solar energy.
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我们为15个家庭提供了太阳能。
07:40
One of the solar units
we installed in a refugee camp.
we installed in a refugee camp.
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其中的一个太阳能设备被
我们安装在一个难民营里。
我们安装在一个难民营里。
07:43
The next day I came to check
what happened with the solar,
what happened with the solar,
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第二天我去看了看效果如何，
07:46
and I found a whole neighborhood
watching a football match
watching a football match
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结果我看到一整个村子
都在用我们的设备
都在用我们的设备
07:49
using our device.
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看一场足球比赛。
07:50
I was like, "Wow, that's going to create
a huge impact in the community."
a huge impact in the community."
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我想，“哇，这会给社区
带来大贡献啊”。
带来大贡献啊”。
07:55
That encouraged us to go
to the second round
to the second round
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我们深受鼓舞，在第二轮
07:58
of bringing 200 units.
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引进了200个设备。
08:02
But each unit costs around 350 dollars.
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但每一个设备要350美元。
08:05
And a Palestinian family
can't afford the 350 dollars.
can't afford the 350 dollars.
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一个普通的巴勒斯坦家庭是
付不起350美元的。
付不起350美元的。
08:08
So we had to think, again,
outside the box:
outside the box:
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所以我们又要发散思维了：
我们怎么才能让它实现呢？
08:10
How can we make this happen?
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08:13
If a whole neighborhood can watch
a football match using one device,
a football match using one device,
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如果整个街坊可以用
一个设备看足球赛，
一个设备看足球赛，
08:17
it means two, three and four families
can share one device
can share one device
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那就意味着两个，三个或
四个家庭可以共用一个设备
四个家庭可以共用一个设备
08:21
and enjoy the electricity.
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享受电能。
08:24
What we did is, we created
a new business model
a new business model
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于是我们建立了一个新的业务模式
08:26
called "sharing is caring."
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叫“分享就是关爱”。
08:29
(Laughter)
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（掌声）
08:31
The sharing is caring business model
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分享就是关爱的业务模式
08:33
says two families share one unit,
three families share one unit,
three families share one unit,
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允许两个或三个家庭
共享一个设备，
共享一个设备，
成本分摊，这样他们就付得起了。
08:37
and they split the cost,
so they can afford paying for it.
so they can afford paying for it.
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08:40
Well, the idea caught on.
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这个想法很受欢迎。
08:42
I didn't expect that,
but it just happened.
but it just happened.
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我没有想到，但就是这样发生了。
08:45
In less than two weeks,
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两个星期不到，
08:46
we were able to provide
over 200 people with electricity.
over 200 people with electricity.
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我们就已经为200个人供电了。
08:51
(Applause)
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（掌声）
08:57
And the question here:
How did the idea catch on?
How did the idea catch on?
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问题是：这个主意是怎么被接受的？
09:01
We went to community centers --
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我们访问了社区中心——
09:03
those are places, you know for whom?
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那些通常是
09:05
Only for men.
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只有男人能去的地方。
09:06
So it was so weird
for a woman to go there.
for a woman to go there.
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所以一个女性过去有点怪。
09:08
And I told them, "We have a great idea.
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我跟他们说，“我们有
一个超好的想法。
一个超好的想法。
我们给你们提供电，
09:10
We will give you electricity,
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你们给我们提供需要用电的人。“
09:12
you give us people
who need this electricity."
who need this electricity."
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09:16
Now, families are approaching us
from all around the Gaza Strip.
from all around the Gaza Strip.
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现在，加沙地带的
家庭都来找我们。
家庭都来找我们。
09:20
I received a phone call
from the team this morning, saying,
from the team this morning, saying,
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今天早上我们团队给我打电话，说
”马吉德，帮帮忙吧，我们压力
很大，一天工作16小时，
很大，一天工作16小时，
09:22
"Majd, please, we are under pressure,
we work 16 hours a day,
we work 16 hours a day,
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09:26
we will not be able to work like this.
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我们没法这么坚持下去的。
09:28
Families are calling us every second.
They want solar energy."
They want solar energy."
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各个家庭每时每刻都在给我们
打电话。他们需要太阳能。”
打电话。他们需要太阳能。”
09:33
Muna, from one of the families
we installed the solar unit for,
we installed the solar unit for,
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穆娜来自我们装了
太阳能设备的家庭之一，
太阳能设备的家庭之一，
09:37
she told me, "You know, Majd,
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她跟我说，“马吉德，
09:40
I've never imagined I will control
something in my life.
something in my life.
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我从来不敢相信
我对任何东西能有控制权。
我对任何东西能有控制权。
09:44
Now I can control my source of energy.
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现在我能控制我的供电来源。
09:47
I feel so special."
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我真的感觉受宠若惊。”
09:50
What you take for granted
is a privilege for others.
is a privilege for others.
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对于你们来说理所当然的东西，
对别人来说就是特权，
对别人来说就是特权，
09:56
People like Muna.
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也就是像穆娜那样的人们。
09:58
She doesn't want to fight.
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她不想抗争。
10:00
She doesn't want to stay in a bad life.
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她不想困在一个低劣的生活环境中。
10:05
She's only looking for a better life.
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她只想过上更好的生活。
10:08
Our vision, or I would say,
everyone's vision in Gaza --
everyone's vision in Gaza --
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我们的愿望，或者我应该说，
加沙每个人的愿望——
加沙每个人的愿望——
10:12
which I am very privileged
to represent the people back home --
to represent the people back home --
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我非常荣幸能代表在家乡的人们——
10:16
is to have a good life, a future.
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是有一个美好的生活，
一个美好的未来。
一个美好的未来。
10:21
We need to build
the infrastructure of hope.
the infrastructure of hope.
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我们需要构建希望的基础。
10:23
We want to tell them
it's possible to happen,
it's possible to happen,
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我们要告诉他们一切皆有可能，
10:26
it's possible to be treated
as a human being.
as a human being.
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被像人一样对待是可能的。
10:29
I don't have to cross
four borders to come here.
four borders to come here.
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我不需要跨过四个国境到这里。
10:32
I can just go to the airport,
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我只需要去机场，
10:33
see the people outside,
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看看外面的人群，
10:35
see what the world looks like.
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看看世界是什么样子的。
10:38
Thank you so much.
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谢谢大家。
10:39
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Majd Mashharawi - Engineer, entrepreneurMajd Mashharawi leads a startup that makes bricks from recycled local materials -- and employs women in the Gaza Strip.
Why you should listen
A resident of war-torn Gaza, Majd Mashharawi observed the acute need for access to construction material in order to rebuild damaged buildings and infrastructure. She strove to meet this need by founding GreenCake in 2015, a company that creates environmentally friendly bricks from ash and rubble.
In the summer of 2017 she developed SunBox, an affordable solar device that produces energy to alleviate the effects of the energy crisis in Gaza, where access to electricity has been severely restricted, sometimes to less than three hours a day. With SunBox, she was able to provide electricity to hundreds of people; SunBox was awarded a prize in the annual MIT Pan Arab competition. She received her BSc in Civil Engineering from the Islamic University of Gaza. In 2018 she was selected as one of the most creative people in business by Fast Company.
Majd Mashharawi | Speaker | TED.com