TEDGlobal 2017
Kamau Gachigi: Success stories from Kenya's first makerspace
Kamau Gachigi: 肯尼亚首个创客空间的成功故事
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非洲需要工程师，但工程学院的学生却往往去了审计和银行部门工作。原因何在？Kamau Gachigi 认为，这是因为非洲缺少所需的空间和原料去让他们检验他们的想法，并创立企业。为了解决这个问题，Gachigi 创立了加速器 Gearbox —— 一个创客空间和硬件加速器——为专业和非专业人士提供快速原型制作的环境。在这个富有前瞻性的演讲中，他分享了产生于肯尼亚创客空间中的独特项目和创新。
Kamau Gachigi - Technologist
At Gearbox, Kamau Gachigi empowers Kenya's next generation of creators to prototype and fabricate their visions. Full bio
At Gearbox, Kamau Gachigi empowers Kenya's next generation of creators to prototype and fabricate their visions. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
By the year 2050, the population
of Africa will have doubled.
of Africa will have doubled.
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到 2050 年，非洲人口将翻倍。
00:17
One in four people on Earth
will be African at that point,
will be African at that point,
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届时全球将有 1/4 的人口在非洲，
00:20
and this is both really exciting
and daunting all at once.
and daunting all at once.
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这真是让人激动又令人畏惧。
00:24
It's really exciting because,
for the first time in the modern era,
for the first time in the modern era,
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让人激动的原因是，这是现代史上
00:27
there will be enough Africans on the Earth
to bully everybody else.
to bully everybody else.
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首次，非洲人民可以以大欺小 了。
00:30
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
00:32
I'm only kidding.
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我开个玩笑而已。
00:34
But it's daunting, because we're going
to have to have economies
to have to have economies
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让人畏惧是因为我们得有
庞大的经济体
庞大的经济体
00:37
that can sustain this population growth,
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去维持这种人口增长，
这其中相当一部分人还是年轻人。
00:39
and many of the people
are going to be very young.
are going to be very young.
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00:41
Now most of governments in Africa
have a plan for this economic growth --
have a plan for this economic growth --
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多数非洲的政府都有经济增长计划——
00:45
in Kenya, we call ours Vision2030 --
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在肯尼亚，我们的计划叫
远见2030（Vision 2030）——
远见2030（Vision 2030）——
00:47
and they're all predicated
on industrialization.
on industrialization.
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它们都建立在工业化的基础上。
问题是，
00:51
The thing is, though, that the world
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世界正在经历第四次工业革命，
00:53
is going through the Fourth
Industrial Revolution right now,
Industrial Revolution right now,
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这次工业革命融合了
00:55
which means that there's a merger
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实体经济，数字经济和生物科技。
00:57
of the physical, cyber,
and biological worlds.
and biological worlds.
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00:59
It means that because of
massive interconnectivity
massive interconnectivity
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由于大量的互联性
01:03
and the availability
of artificial intelligence and robotics,
of artificial intelligence and robotics,
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以及随处可见的
人工智能和机器人，
人工智能和机器人，
01:07
many of the jobs that we know
and are used to right now
and are used to right now
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我们今天所熟悉的很多工作
将不复存在。
01:09
won't exist in the future.
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01:11
So the challenge
is a lot greater, in many ways,
is a lot greater, in many ways,
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所以从很多方面来讲，这个挑战
01:13
than it even was when Asia
was industrializing, for example.
was industrializing, for example.
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都要比亚洲工业化时还要大。
01:17
To add to this, one of the kinds
of person that you need
of person that you need
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我来解释一下，工业化需要
01:21
for industrialization is an engineer,
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工程师人才，
01:23
and they're really in short supply
on the continent.
on the continent.
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而他们当时非常
缺少工程师人才。
缺少工程师人才。
01:26
If you compare, for example,
the number of engineers
the number of engineers
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如果对比下几十年前
01:28
that those same Asian countries had
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那些亚洲国家
01:30
a couple of decades ago
when they were industrializing,
when they were industrializing,
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工业化时的工程师数量，
01:33
we fall far short.
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我们更是远远落后的。
01:36
And I've taught for a while,
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我教书已经有一段时间了，
01:37
and many of the students
who are studying engineering
who are studying engineering
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大部分学习工科专业的学生
01:40
end up actually working
in auditing firms and banks,
in auditing firms and banks,
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最后却去了审计公司和银行上班，
01:43
and many of them spend half their time
doing accounting and so on
doing accounting and so on
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其中大部分人有过半
的时间在按计划
的时间在按计划
做会计之类的活儿。
01:46
as they're preparing.
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01:48
Now, I was fortunate enough
to do my undergrad and postgrad education
to do my undergrad and postgrad education
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我很幸运能在美国和英国
接受本科和研究生教育。
接受本科和研究生教育。
01:52
in the UK and the US,
in countries, environments,
in countries, environments,
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在这些国家，
01:55
where there was all the equipment
that you required,
that you required,
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拥有你所需要的全部设备，
足够先进的系统。
01:58
all the sophistication in the systems,
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02:00
and then I worked
for about three years in Japan
for about three years in Japan
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之后我到日本工作了三年，
02:02
doing R&D for a large firm.
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在一家大公司做研发。
02:04
And so I was very used
to having good equipment,
to having good equipment,
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所以我曾习惯于拥有
良好的设备环境，
良好的设备环境，
02:06
and went back home
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而当我回国
02:07
and joined the Faculty of Engineering
at the University of Nairobi,
at the University of Nairobi,
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加入内罗毕大学工程学院，
想为非洲贡献一份力量之时，
02:11
wanting to contribute
and be on the continent.
and be on the continent.
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02:13
And I quickly found
I was really quite useless,
I was really quite useless,
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我很快发现自己的能力
毫无用武之地，
毫无用武之地，
02:15
because there wasn't all the equipment
that I had become accustomed to available.
that I had become accustomed to available.
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因为我所熟悉的
所有设备这里都没有。
所有设备这里都没有。
02:20
And I was teaching students who I would
find very bright ideas in their minds
find very bright ideas in their minds
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我的学生们非常聪明，
02:24
and they'd be presenting
things that I knew
things that I knew
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假若我们拥有充足的装备，
02:26
if only we had sufficient equipment,
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他们一定可以
02:28
they'd be able to really contribute
to the challenge of industrialization.
to the challenge of industrialization.
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做出点东西，迎接工业化挑战。
02:33
So I kind of had to change hats,
and became quite entrepreneurial
and became quite entrepreneurial
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所以我得改变套路，
像企业家那样去做，
像企业家那样去做，
02:37
and started looking for money
to buy the equipment that we required.
to buy the equipment that we required.
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开始募集资金
来购买我们想要的设备。
来购买我们想要的设备。
02:41
And I heard about a concept
out of MIT, called the Fab Labs.
out of MIT, called the Fab Labs.
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我听到了一个来自 MIT 的概念，
叫创造实验室（Fab Labs）。
叫创造实验室（Fab Labs）。
02:45
These are digital fabrication labs
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这些数字创造实验室
02:47
that allow, in a rather small space
with not very expensive equipment,
with not very expensive equipment,
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只占用很小的空间，
没有很贵的设备，
没有很贵的设备，
02:50
people to have access to these tools
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人们可以使用这些工具，
02:52
to be able to make almost anything,
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制造几乎任何东西，
02:55
as the slogan goes.
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就像标语说的那样。
02:56
And so I was able to convince
a government official
a government official
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所以我说服政府官员
02:59
to buy one of these for the university
where I was teaching.
where I was teaching.
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为我任教的大学购买了
这样一套实验室。
这样一套实验室。
03:02
And immediately, we had wonderful results.
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马上，我们就取得了惊人的成绩。
03:04
We saw all kinds
of innovations coming through,
of innovations coming through,
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我们看到各种各样的创新涌现出来。
03:06
and for the first time
in this context at the university,
in this context at the university,
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首次在大学这个场所，
03:09
engineering students
from different disciplines
from different disciplines
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来自不同学科的工科学生
03:13
were doing the lab and practical exercises
together in the same space.
together in the same space.
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在同一空间做实验和实践。
03:17
Normally, they'd be siloed.
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而一般情况下
他们是彼此隔离的。
他们是彼此隔离的。
03:18
And not just that, but students
who weren't engineers at all
who weren't engineers at all
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不仅如此，连非工科学生
03:21
were also working in the same place,
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也参与了进来，
03:23
and non-students, people
who had nothing to do with the university,
who had nothing to do with the university,
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甚至不在大学里学习和工作的人
也来到这个空间。
03:26
were also coming into this space.
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于是就有了形形色色的人，
03:28
So you had this rich mix of people,
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大家有不同的想法，
03:30
people who think
differently from one another,
differently from one another,
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03:32
and this always
is really good for innovation.
is really good for innovation.
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而这总是非常有利于创新。
03:34
I was really proud of what we were seeing.
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我真为我所看到的感到骄傲。
03:36
So you can imagine my surprise
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所以当有一天，
03:38
when one day the dean of engineering
came and said to me,
came and said to me,
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工程学院的院长跟我说，
“Kamau，那些整天沉迷在
“Kamau，那些整天沉迷在
03:41
"Kamau, the students
who spend most of the time in the Fab Lab
who spend most of the time in the Fab Lab
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创造实验室的学生
考试都要不及格了。”
考试都要不及格了。”
03:45
are failing their exams."
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你可以想象得到我有多惊讶。
03:47
I said, "What do you mean?"
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我说：“什么意思？”
03:49
And I looked into it, and he was right,
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我仔细研究了一番，果然如此。
03:52
and the reason they were failing
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他们考试不及格的原因
是因为他们拥有专业技能，
03:53
is that they'd honed their skills
so well in certain things
so well in certain things
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03:56
that they were going out into the city
and offering services for money.
and offering services for money.
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所以跑城里去做兼职。
04:00
So they were making money --
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他们在赚钱——
04:01
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
04:02
and they therefore
weren't focusing on their studies.
weren't focusing on their studies.
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于是他们就不怎么学习。
04:05
And I thought,
what a good problem to have.
what a good problem to have.
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我想，有这问题也蛮好。
04:07
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
04:08
Don't quote me on that.
I'm an academician.
I'm an academician.
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别引用我的这句话，我是教师。
04:11
So we needed to scale this,
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所以我们得扩大规模，
04:14
and at the university,
things were a bit too bureaucratic,
things were a bit too bureaucratic,
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大学里面事情总是有点官僚，
04:17
and so I moved out and I hooked up
with people who, in Nairobi,
with people who, in Nairobi,
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所以我搬了出来，
与内罗毕的一些
与内罗毕的一些
04:20
were providing spaces for IT experts
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为 IT 专业人士
提供空间的人打成一片，
提供空间的人打成一片，
04:23
to share fast internet
and things like that.
and things like that.
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分享高速网络等服务。
04:26
And some of these places
are really quite famous.
are really quite famous.
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而其中有些地方还非常出名，
04:28
They've made Kenya famous for IT.
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它们令肯尼亚因 IT 而知名。
04:31
And together we set up a space
which we are setting up right now.
which we are setting up right now.
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我们一起设立了现在正在设立的空间，
04:36
We've moved from where we were.
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搬离了开始的地方，
04:37
We are in a much larger space,
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到了一个更大的空间里面。
04:39
and we're sort of making available
a wide range of equipment,
a wide range of equipment,
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我们拥有了种类繁多的设备，
04:42
including the digital fabrication
tools that I mentioned,
tools that I mentioned,
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包括前面提到过的数字制造工具
04:45
and analog tools,
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和模拟工具，
04:47
to anybody really, on a membership basis.
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以会员的形式提供给任何一个人。
04:49
It's a bit like a gym,
so you come in, you pay,
so you come in, you pay,
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这有点像健身房，你即用即付，
04:52
you get taught how to use the equipment,
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有人教你如何使用这些设备，
04:54
and then you're set free to innovate
and do whatever it is that you want,
and do whatever it is that you want,
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然后你就可以自由创新，
做任何你想做的事情，
做任何你想做的事情，
04:57
and you don't have to be
an engineer, necessarily.
an engineer, necessarily.
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你不需要是个工程师。
05:00
And some of the people in the space
are setting up a small company.
are setting up a small company.
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这个空间里的有些人
开始创建小公司，
开始创建小公司，
05:03
They just need a space at a desk,
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他们只需要桌面上的一点儿空间，
所以我们以一定的
费用提供这些空间；
费用提供这些空间；
05:05
and so we provide that at a fee,
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05:07
and others take up bigger spaces
and are able to set up their offices.
and are able to set up their offices.
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有些人需要占用更大的空间，
想要设立自己的办公室。
想要设立自己的办公室。
05:10
They're further along.
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他们更进一步，
也许他们的公司
已经运行一段时间了。
已经运行一段时间了。
05:11
Maybe their company has been running
for a certain period of time.
for a certain period of time.
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05:14
And so we're able
to accommodate all of this
to accommodate all of this
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我们能够在一个非常活跃
05:16
in an innovation space
that is really quite active.
that is really quite active.
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的创新空间中容纳所有这些需求。
05:20
What you're seeing in this image
over here is Douglas,
over here is Douglas,
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这张照片里的人是道格拉斯，
05:23
and Douglas is an electrical engineer,
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道格拉斯是个电气工程师，
05:25
one of the people
who was really active in the Fab Lab.
who was really active in the Fab Lab.
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一个在创作空间非常活跃的人。
我确信他通过了考试。
05:28
I'm pretty sure he passed his exams.
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05:30
And the image on the top left
is a copper sheet.
is a copper sheet.
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左上那个照片是一块薄铜板。
05:33
And he designed a circuit
that the client came to him and said,
that the client came to him and said,
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他设计了一个电路，
客户直接过来跟他说，
客户直接过来跟他说，
05:36
"I need this circuit
for a pay-as-you-go system."
for a pay-as-you-go system."
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“我需要这种电路
来做即付即用的系统。”
来做即付即用的系统。”
05:39
And so this is a model for business
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所以这是一个商业模式构想，
05:42
that's made accessibility to goods
and services for very poor people
and services for very poor people
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用一种更便利的方式
把产品和服务带给贫穷的人，
把产品和服务带给贫穷的人，
05:47
really much easier,
because they're able to pay a little bit,
because they're able to pay a little bit,
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因为他们只能支付一点点钱，
05:50
like a dollar a day, for example,
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如一天一美元，
05:51
for a specific service.
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来得到特定的服务。
05:53
And so this company wanted
to pilot a new idea that they had,
to pilot a new idea that they had,
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这家公司想要对
一个新构思进行试点，
一个新构思进行试点，
05:56
and so they just needed 50 circuits,
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他们只需要 50 个电路板，
05:58
so they hired him to make them,
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于是他们雇佣他去制作。
05:59
and what you're seeing him doing there is,
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他的工作就是
06:02
he's able to design on the computer
what the circuit will be
what the circuit will be
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在电脑上设计电路板的样子，
06:05
and then transfer it
to an etching process --
to an etching process --
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然后进行蚀刻——
就如右上的图片所示——
06:07
that's the image on the top right --
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再使用这个机器人
对电路板进行填充。
对电路板进行填充。
06:09
and then populate the board
using this robot.
using this robot.
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06:12
And so what would normally take him maybe
a day or something to solder by hand,
a day or something to solder by hand,
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如果用人工焊接，
可能得花费一天的时间，
可能得花费一天的时间，
06:17
he can do in a few minutes
using this machine.
using this machine.
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使用这台机器则只需要几分钟。
06:19
So he was able to complete
the entire order within Gearbox,
the entire order within Gearbox,
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他可以使用这个工具
完成整个订单。
完成整个订单。
06:22
and this is really important,
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这非常重要，
因为如果没有我们提供的设备，
06:23
because if it wasn't for
what we provided right now,
what we provided right now,
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06:26
he would have had to have hired
a company in China to do this,
a company in China to do this,
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他将不得不找中国公司代工，
06:30
and because it's such a small order,
it would have taken a long time.
it would have taken a long time.
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而因为这只是一个小订单，
得花上很长的时间。
得花上很长的时间。
06:33
It would be a small company,
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他还只能找小公司，
06:35
because big companies
wouldn't take small orders,
wouldn't take small orders,
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因为大公司往往不接这种小单，
即使接了，如果他们后续
又接了更大的单子，
又接了更大的单子，
06:37
and even then, if they got a bigger order,
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他们就会放弃他的单子。
06:39
they'd bump him off in favor of that.
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06:41
And there's language problems and so on,
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此外，还有诸如语言等问题，
06:43
so being able to do it in country
is really very important,
is really very important,
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所以能够在本国
解决这个问题真是非常重要。
解决这个问题真是非常重要。
小规模试验是将商业构思
付诸实践过程中非常重要的环节，
付诸实践过程中非常重要的环节，
06:46
and of course piloting as a phase
within the progress of the business idea
within the progress of the business idea
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06:51
is extremely important, because you can
go back and make corrections and so on.
go back and make corrections and so on.
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因为在这个过程中，你可以
不断反复修正你的想法。
不断反复修正你的想法。
06:56
In this image -- Thank you.
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在这张照片上——谢谢。
06:58
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
07:00
In this image you see on the top left,
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左上方照片中的
是数字制造机的 3D 渲染图。
07:02
what you're looking at is a 3D render
of a digital fabrication machine.
of a digital fabrication machine.
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07:05
In this instance,
it doubles as a plasma cutter
it doubles as a plasma cutter
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在这种情况下，
它兼具等离子切割机
它兼具等离子切割机
07:08
and also a wood router.
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和刨木机的功能。
07:10
And so the plasma cutter makes possible
the cutting of plate and sheet metal,
the cutting of plate and sheet metal,
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等离子切割机使得
切割金属板材成为了可能，
切割金属板材成为了可能，
07:15
and basically, you make
a design on the computer
a design on the computer
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你只需要在电脑上完成设计，
把它发送给机器，
07:17
and send it over to the machine,
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即可快速精确地
得到你要的形状。
得到你要的形状。
07:19
and then quickly and precisely,
it will cut the shapes you want.
it will cut the shapes you want.
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但你也可以
07:22
But in this machine,
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07:23
you can also change the plasma cutter
and put on a spindle,
and put on a spindle,
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换下等离子切割机，换上转轴，
07:27
and then you can carve wood as well.
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就可以雕刻木头了。
07:29
So this was designed
by my Head of Engineering.
by my Head of Engineering.
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这个机器由我们的工程主管设计，
07:31
His name is Wachira,
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他的名字叫瓦奇拉。
07:33
and when I hired him about two years ago,
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我两年前雇佣了他，
07:36
I asked him, "Just give me two years,
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当时我问他：“给我两年时间，
07:38
and by the time you've trained
a lot of people
a lot of people
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届时你培养了足够多的人，
07:40
so that we have good staff under you,
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就有了一个优秀的团队，
07:42
then you can move out
and become a good story for us."
and become a good story for us."
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然后你就可以离开，
成为我们的传奇。”
成为我们的传奇。”
07:44
And that's exactly what's just happened.
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这是实实在在发生的事。
07:46
He's got two types of customers.
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他有两种类型的顾客。
07:49
The higher-tier customer
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高端顾客
07:51
is a company that's actually
using his machine
using his machine
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是使用这个机器
07:54
to cut sheet metal
for Isuzu truck fabrication in Nairobi,
for Isuzu truck fabrication in Nairobi,
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为内罗毕的五十铃卡车
制造商切割金属的公司，
制造商切割金属的公司，
07:58
which is being done by General Motors.
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承接这项工作的是通用汽车。
08:00
So we're really proud to be able to say
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所以我们真是非常骄傲地说，
08:02
that we have an original
equipment manufacturer in Nairobi
equipment manufacturer in Nairobi
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我们是内罗毕的原始设备制造商，
08:05
that's provided what's effectively
an industrial robot
an industrial robot
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为行业提供了高效率的工业机器人，
08:08
to supply parts for General Motors.
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为通用汽车供应部件。
08:11
Now this is really important --
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这真的非常重要——
08:12
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
08:15
and it's really important because
the population growth being what it is,
the population growth being what it is,
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这真的非常重要，
因为人口增长很快，
因为人口增长很快，
08:19
a lot of very large companies
are looking very closely
are looking very closely
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很多大公司正在密切观察
非洲这个发展中的市场。
08:22
at the market that's developing in Africa.
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所以在肯尼亚，我们有
大众、标致、雷诺，
大众、标致、雷诺，
08:24
So in Kenya right now, we have
Volkswagen, Peugeot, Renault,
Volkswagen, Peugeot, Renault,
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08:27
we have Mercedes doing lorries,
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有奔驰生产卡车，
08:29
and we've also got Toyota,
they've been there a long time.
they've been there a long time.
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还有丰田，他们在那儿有一阵子了。
08:31
And these are all manufacturers
planning to assemble vehicles
planning to assemble vehicles
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所有这些制造商都在计划组装汽车，
未来，他们还打算
在全国范围内进行生产。
在全国范围内进行生产。
08:34
and in the future,
to manufacture in the country.
to manufacture in the country.
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很多公司计划培训
他们雇佣的员工，
他们雇佣的员工，
08:37
Many of them are planning
to train lots of people that they'd hire,
to train lots of people that they'd hire,
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这对于经济非常重要，
08:40
and that's really important
for the economy,
for the economy,
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但是当这些公司
08:42
but when the magic really happens,
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08:44
when these companies begin to buy
their parts for the vehicles
their parts for the vehicles
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开始从当地公司购买汽车零部件时，
08:48
from local companies,
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神奇的事情就发生了。
08:49
so supply chain development
is something that's very important
is something that's very important
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供应链的发展至关重要，
08:52
for us to be able to pivot
and to have very productive economies,
and to have very productive economies,
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让我们能够驱动和拥有
非常有活力的经济，
非常有活力的经济，
08:55
and that's something
we're focused on at our space.
we're focused on at our space.
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这就是我们空间关注的领域。
08:58
This other image shows
another class of customer that he has.
another class of customer that he has.
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另一张照片展示了他的另一类客户。
09:02
On the top left,
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在左上角的图中，
09:03
you have these people
who are actually using very crude tools
who are actually using very crude tools
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这些人在使用非常粗糙的工具
09:06
to work metal and wood.
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来加工金属和木头。
09:08
And Kenya has a population
of about 44 million people.
of about 44 million people.
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肯尼亚有 4400 万人口。
09:12
The work force is about 13 million,
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2016
劳动人口有 1300 多万，
09:14
and about 80 to 90 percent of those
are in the informal sector.
are in the informal sector.
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其中 80-90% 在非正式的工厂工作。
09:18
And what you're seeing in the image
at the top left over there
at the top left over there
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左上角的照片
就是非常典型的半熟练工匠，
09:21
is very typical of semi-skilled artisans
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09:25
who are making products
for the marketplace
for the marketplace
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他们正在为市场制作
非常粗糙的产品。
09:27
that are really crude.
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他们的生产率很低，
09:28
Their production rate is very slow.
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09:30
The quality of the product isn't high.
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产品质量也不高。
09:33
And so we've teamed
Wachira up with a bank,
Wachira up with a bank,
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所以我们将瓦奇拉和
一家银行进行了联合，
一家银行进行了联合，
09:36
and the bank is paying him
to train people from this sector
to train people from this sector
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他对部门员工进行工业机器人培训
09:39
on how to use this industrial robot.
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的费用由银行支付。
09:42
And the result is that some of them
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结果是，其中有些人可以从银行
09:44
are going to be able to get loans
to buy the machine for themselves.
to buy the machine for themselves.
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3961
获得贷款购买他们自己的机器。
09:48
Others will be able to go to centers
where they can carry their material,
where they can carry their material,
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另外一些人则可以
带着他们的材料来到中心
带着他们的材料来到中心
09:52
get the design done,
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完成设计，
09:53
and take the materials back
that have been made really, really fast
that have been made really, really fast
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带着做出的又快又好的部件离开，
09:56
and assemble them in their own spaces.
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回到他们自己的地方安装。
09:58
So somebody making a gate,
for example, out of metal,
for example, out of metal,
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例如，有人要使用
金属制造一扇门，
金属制造一扇门，
10:01
may take a week to make just one gate,
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可能需要一周的时间
才能做出一扇门，
才能做出一扇门，
10:03
but with this machine,
they might make 10 in a day.
they might make 10 in a day.
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但使用这台机器
一天可以做 10 扇。
一天可以做 10 扇。
10:06
So the productivity of a large swathe
of our population
of our population
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所以得益于此工具，
10:08
should be able to jump by a quantum
amount, quite significantly,
amount, quite significantly,
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我们一大群人的生产率，应该能
10:13
because of this kind of machine.
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以指数级的速度显著增长。
10:15
And that's what we're at the beginning of,
so this is really very exciting.
so this is really very exciting.
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刚开始就有这样的成效，
让我们感到非常兴奋。
让我们感到非常兴奋。
10:19
This is another person who uses our space.
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这是另外一个使用我们空间的人。
她名叫埃斯特，
10:21
Her name is Esther.
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25 岁左右，
10:22
She's in her mid-20s,
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她热切地带着一个问题而来。
10:23
and she came in very passionate
about a problem that she explained.
about a problem that she explained.
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她说年轻女孩们每个月
都会因为生理周期
都会因为生理周期
10:26
She said that schools days are missed
every month by young girls
every month by young girls
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10:30
because of their menstrual cycle,
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缺席几天的课，
10:31
and they're not able
to buy a sanitary towel.
to buy a sanitary towel.
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她们买不到卫生巾。
10:34
And the reason that she described
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她所描述的原因是，
10:36
was that the manufacturers
packaged these in bundles of seven to 10,
packaged these in bundles of seven to 10,
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制造商一般把 7-10 片
卫生巾包装成一包，
卫生巾包装成一包，
10:40
and breaking it down
is unhygienic at the retail level,
is unhygienic at the retail level,
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在零售环节一片一片
拆开卖很不卫生，
拆开卖很不卫生，
10:44
and packaging each one
of them is too expensive.
of them is too expensive.
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而每片都单独包装成本太高。
10:46
So she thought up an idea,
which is brilliant, and simple.
which is brilliant, and simple.
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所以她想出了一个
聪明又简单的好主意。
聪明又简单的好主意。
10:49
Why don't we just use vending machines?
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我们为什么不使用自动售货机呢？
10:51
And she, in a very clean environment,
can break down the bundles
can break down the bundles
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3191
她可以在干净的环境中拆开包装，
10:55
and fill up the vending machines,
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填满自动售货机，
10:56
and then girls can buy
these sanitary towels
these sanitary towels
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这些女孩们就可以
在公众场所和学校的卫生间
在公众场所和学校的卫生间
11:00
in the privacy of a toilet,
in a public space, in a school, and so on.
in a public space, in a school, and so on.
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这样私密的场所购买这些卫生巾。
11:04
She was able to pilot this
and it worked really very well,
and it worked really very well,
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她对此进行了试点，效果非常好，
11:07
and she's been able to sort of
get the bugs out and so on.
get the bugs out and so on.
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2716
她已经排除了不少问题。
11:09
So the significance here
is that the piloting process is possible.
is that the piloting process is possible.
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重点在于，她可以进行试点。
11:13
She's not an engineer.
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她并不是工程师，
但可以说服我们空间的人帮助她，
11:14
She was able to engage people in our space
to be able to help her to do this,
to be able to help her to do this,
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她已经跟一家
企业加速器建立了合作，
企业加速器建立了合作，
11:18
and she's off and running now
with a business accelerator,
with a business accelerator,
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我们可以期待在未来
取得非常好的效果。
取得非常好的效果。
11:21
so we expect to see great results.
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（鼓掌）
11:22
(Applause)
252
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11:25
In this image you're looking at --
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这张照片上展示的是
11:27
the result of a master's project
that was done at University of Nairobi
that was done at University of Nairobi
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3944
内罗毕大学工程系学生托尼·尼亚加
11:31
by Tony Nyagah, an engineering student,
255
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1926
的硕士项目成果。
11:33
and he just integrated
a solar cell into a roof tile
a solar cell into a roof tile
256
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3107
他把太阳能电池集成到屋瓦上
11:36
and decided to make it a business.
257
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1683
并打算将此商业化。
11:38
He joined up with his sister
who is an architect,
who is an architect,
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2298
他与他的建筑师姐姐合作
开始了这项业务，
11:40
and they have this business,
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1347
他们正在向某开发者
推销这个屋瓦，说，
推销这个屋瓦，说，
11:42
and they present the roof tile to a person
who is doing development and say,
who is doing development and say,
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“你可以用买普通屋瓦的钱
来买这种太阳能屋瓦。”
来买这种太阳能屋瓦。”
11:45
"You can buy it for the cost
of just the roof tile without the solar."
of just the roof tile without the solar."
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3575
11:49
So they're giving it at a discount,
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1822
他们在打折销售，
11:51
and then they'll build them
using the internet of things over time,
using the internet of things over time,
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3604
在未来，他们会用
物联网的方式进行生产，
物联网的方式进行生产，
11:55
they'll pay about a third
of the utility charges for the electricity
of the utility charges for the electricity
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4170
只需要付 1/3 的电费，
11:59
and they can sell the excess
back to the grid.
back to the grid.
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2380
还可以把剩余的电
卖回给电网供应商。
卖回给电网供应商。
12:02
And so they'll make their money over time,
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他们会慢慢开始盈利，
12:04
and they've been able to do
quite a few installments.
quite a few installments.
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目前已经为一些客户进行了安装。
12:07
We were very proud to be able
to show this to somebody kind of famous,
to show this to somebody kind of famous,
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715783
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我们非常自豪能够将
这项技术展示给知名人士，
这项技术展示给知名人士，
12:11
as you can see there,
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正如照片里所展示的。
另一位知名人士
也提出了同样的想法，
也提出了同样的想法，
12:13
and this other famous guy
actually presented the same idea,
actually presented the same idea,
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但据我所知，
他们行动得比我们晚——
他们行动得比我们晚——
12:16
but as far as we're concerned,
if it was after us, so --
if it was after us, so --
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2621
12:19
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
12:20
(Applause)
273
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4278
（鼓掌）
12:24
So in closing, going forward,
of course being able to prototype
of course being able to prototype
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4222
很显然，能够在这种环境下
12:28
and do low manufacturing
in this kind of a setting
in this kind of a setting
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2372
进行低成本的制造，
12:31
is very important
for the industrialization process,
for the industrialization process,
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2524
对于工业化过程是非常重要的。
但我们也在利用多种新方法做事情：
12:33
but we're also taking advantage
of a lot of new ways of doing things:
of a lot of new ways of doing things:
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3239
开源运动，
12:36
the open source movement,
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分布式制造，循环生产。
12:38
distributive manufacturing,
circular production.
circular production.
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12:40
So it's all very important
for not just industrializing
for not just industrializing
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这不但对工业化以及
满足人们的需求来说
满足人们的需求来说
非常重要，
12:43
and being able to meet people's needs,
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12:45
but also making sure
that the environment is taken care of.
that the environment is taken care of.
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而且能够确保环境得到保护。
12:48
We're also really interested in culture.
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我们同时也非常关注文化。
12:50
We have lots of discussions in our space
around who we were as Africans,
around who we were as Africans,
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我们在空间中经常讨论
作为非洲人意味着什么
作为非洲人意味着什么
我们今天是谁，
未来想成为什么样的人，
未来想成为什么样的人，
12:54
who we are today, and who we want to be
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以及消费主义，种族和腐败等问题。
12:56
vis-à-vis things like consumerism
and ethnicity and corruption and so on.
and ethnicity and corruption and so on.
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13:00
So we see ourselves as providing,
adding value to people
adding value to people
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所以我们把自己的角色视为
为人们提供和增加价值，
为人们提供和增加价值，
13:04
by teaching them to add value
to things or materials
to things or materials
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通过指导他们给物体或材料增加价值
13:08
so that they can build things that matter.
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来创建重要的东西。
13:10
Thank you very much for your attention.
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谢谢大家的聆听。
（鼓掌）
13:12
(Applause)
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13:15
Thank you.
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13:16
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kamau Gachigi - TechnologistAt Gearbox, Kamau Gachigi empowers Kenya's next generation of creators to prototype and fabricate their visions.
Why you should listen
Dr. Kamau Gachigi is the founding executive director of Gearbox, Kenya's first open makerspace for rapid prototyping, based in Nairobi. Gearbox provides a unique window into Industry 4.0 capabilities to innovators in Kenya, and it offers incubation/acceleration services. Gachigi also co-founded the Africa Innovation Ecosystems Group (AIEG), a company that focuses on creating and managing real-estate based innovation centers of varying scales.
Before establishing Gearbox, Gachigi headed the University of Nairobi's Science and Technology Park, where he founded a fab lab full of manufacturing and prototyping tools in 2009. He then built another lab at the Riruta Satellite in an impoverished neighborhood in the city. Gachigi is a member of the Global Council on the Future of Production under the World Economic Forum and of the consultative advisory group of the World Bank's Partnership for skills in the Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology.
Kamau Gachigi | Speaker | TED.com