TEDWomen 2017
Liz Ogbu: What if gentrification was about healing communities instead of displacing them?
莉茲歐布: 倘若中產階級化旨在療癒社區而不是取代它，會如何？
Filmed:
Readability: 4.1
942,443 views
莉茲歐布是位建築師，她致力於空間正義——正義的地理，是指均等分配資源和服務是一種人權。她在舊金山質疑我們耳熟能詳的中產階級化故事：發展和進步會把窮人趕出去。她質問：「為什麼我們會把文化抹除和經濟位移視為不可避免？」，她號召開發商、建築師以及政策制訂者們轉變想法，能夠「保證舊區改造之後的容量能讓原住戶留下，留在他們的家中，留在他們的社區中，留在讓他們感覺完整的地方。」
Liz Ogbu - Designer, urbanist, social change agent
Liz Ogbu works with/in communities in need, to use tactical, human-centered design to tackle wicked social problems and catalyze community healing. Full bio
Liz Ogbu works with/in communities in need, to use tactical, human-centered design to tackle wicked social problems and catalyze community healing. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
I grew up in a family
of social scientists,
of social scientists,
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我在社會科學家的家庭中長大，
00:17
but I was the weird child who drew.
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但我是個怪小孩，我畫畫。
00:20
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
00:21
From making sketches of the models
in my mom's Sears catalog ...
in my mom's Sears catalog ...
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我母親的西爾斯目錄的
模特兒都是我素描的對象…
模特兒都是我素描的對象…
00:27
to a bedroom so full of my craft projects
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我的臥房滿滿都是我的工藝作品，
00:29
that it was like my own
personal art gallery,
personal art gallery,
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就像是我個人的美術館，
00:33
I lived to make.
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我活著是為了製造。
00:36
I don't think anyone in my family
was surprised when I became an architect.
was surprised when I became an architect.
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我想，當我成為建築師時，
我的家人都不覺得意外。
我的家人都不覺得意外。
00:41
But to be honest with you,
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但老實說，
00:44
the real foundation
of the architect I became
of the architect I became
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我成為建築師，背後的積累成因，
00:46
was not laid in that bedroom art gallery
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其實並不是歸因於我的臥房美術館，
00:49
but by the conversations
around my family's dinner table.
around my family's dinner table.
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而是我們一家在晚餐時的對話。
00:53
There were stories of how people
lived and connected to one another,
lived and connected to one another,
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我們聊的一些故事是關於
人們的居住狀況以及彼此關聯，
人們的居住狀況以及彼此關聯，
00:57
from the impact of urban migration
on a village in Zambia
on a village in Zambia
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從都市遷徒對於尚比亞的
村落有什麼影響，
村落有什麼影響，
01:01
to the complex health care needs
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到舊金山街頭的
01:03
of the homeless
in the streets of San Francisco.
in the streets of San Francisco.
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流浪人群亟待健康照護的複雜局面。
01:06
Now, it would be fair
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此刻，我並不意外
01:07
if you're looking over at your seatmate
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如果你正與坐你鄰座的人對視，
01:09
and wondering, "What the hell
does that have to do with architecture?"
does that have to do with architecture?"
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並納悶：「那到底和建築
有什麼關係啊？」
有什麼關係啊？」
01:13
Well, all of these stories involved space
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其實，所有那些故事都涉及空間，
01:18
and how it did or didn't accommodate us.
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以及空間有或沒有容納我們。
01:23
The fact is,
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事實是，
01:24
we share some of our deepest connections
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我們在實體空間中共有一些
01:26
in physical space.
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最深層的關聯。
01:28
And our stories play out,
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即使是在這個
01:29
even in this crazy age
of texting and tweeting,
of texting and tweeting,
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網路傳訊和推特瘋速發展的年代，
我們的故事也發生在
我們的故事也發生在
01:33
in physical space.
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實體空間中。
01:36
Unfortunately, architecture
hasn't done a great job
hasn't done a great job
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遺憾的是，建築師沒把工作做好，
01:40
of telling all of our stories equally.
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沒有均等地講述我們的故事。
01:43
Too often, we see the building
of monuments like the Gherkin
of monuments like the Gherkin
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我們太常見到紀念塔式的建築，
像英國的小黃瓜大樓
像英國的小黃瓜大樓
01:47
or even Trump Tower ...
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抑或是川普世界大廈…
01:48
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
01:50
that tell the story of the haves
rather than the have-nots.
rather than the have-nots.
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它們講述的故事主角都是「有」
而不是「沒有」。
而不是「沒有」。
01:55
Throughout my career,
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在我的職涯中，
01:57
I've actively resisted the practice
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我會主動抗拒設計那些為
01:58
of building monuments
to certain peoples' stories --
to certain peoples' stories --
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某些人的故事建造紀念塔式的建築，
02:01
usually white, male, rich --
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通常都是為有錢的白人男性而建，
02:05
and bulldozing other peoples' stories --
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然後把其他人的故事夷為平地，
02:07
usually people of color
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通常是那些來自低收入社區的
02:09
from low-income communities.
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有色人種。
02:11
I've tried to create a practice
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我想要設計的建築是
02:13
that is rooted in elevating the stories
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根基於提升那些總是
02:15
of those who have
most often been silenced.
most often been silenced.
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被迫沉默的人群的故事。
02:19
That work --
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那份工作
02:21
it's been a mission in spatial justice.
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是一個維護空間正義的任務。
02:24
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
02:30
Now, spatial justice
means that we understand
means that we understand
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空間正義意味著我們了解
02:32
that justice has a geography,
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正義也有地理學，
02:36
and that the equitable distribution
of resources, services and access
of resources, services and access
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指資源、服務及使用權的公平分配
02:42
is a basic human right.
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是一種基本人權。
02:45
So what does spatial justice look like?
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那麼，空間正義是什麼樣子的？
02:48
Well, I'd like to share a story with you.
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嗯，我想和各位分享一個故事。
02:51
For years,
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多年來，
02:53
I've been working in the historically
African-American neighborhood
African-American neighborhood
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我一直在一個歷史上是屬於
非裔美國人的街坊中工作，
非裔美國人的街坊中工作，
02:56
of Bayview Hunters Point in San Francisco,
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位在舊金山的灣景獵人區，
02:58
on a plot of land
that once held a power plant.
that once held a power plant.
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以前在那塊地上有座發電廠。
03:01
Back in the '90s,
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在九○年代時，
03:02
a community group led by mothers
who lived in the public housing
who lived in the public housing
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有一個社區團體，由住在
電廠上方山丘上的
電廠上方山丘上的
03:05
on the hill above the plant
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母親們所領導，
03:07
fought for its closure.
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為關閉電廠而戰。
03:09
They won.
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她們贏了。
03:10
The utility company finally tore it down,
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公用事業公司終於把它拆除，
03:13
cleaned the soil
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把土壤清乾淨
03:14
and capped most of the site with asphalt
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用瀝青覆蓋該地點大部分的區域
03:16
so that the clean soil wouldn't blow away.
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這樣乾淨土壤才不會吹走。
03:19
Sounds like a success story, right?
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聽起來是個成功故事，對嗎？
03:22
Well, not so fast.
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別急，還沒完。
03:24
You see, because of various issues
like land entitlements,
like land entitlements,
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因為各種議題，比如土地權利、
03:27
lease agreements, etc.,
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租約協議等等，
03:29
the land actually couldn't be redeveloped
for at least five to 10 years.
for at least five to 10 years.
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至少五到十年間，
該土地無法被再開發。
該土地無法被再開發。
03:34
What that meant is that this community
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那意味著，這個社區
03:37
that had been living
near a power plant for decades,
near a power plant for decades,
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已經在電廠附近住了數十年，
03:40
now had 30 acres of asphalt
in their backyard.
in their backyard.
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現在他們的後院有三十英畝的瀝青。
03:47
To put that in context for you,
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為各位說明一下，
03:49
30 acres is equal
to about 30 football fields.
to about 30 football fields.
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三十英畝差不多等同
三十個美式足球場。
三十個美式足球場。
03:52
Now, the utility company
didn't want to be the bad guy here.
didn't want to be the bad guy here.
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公用事業公司不想
在這件事上當壞人。
在這件事上當壞人。
03:56
Recognizing that they owed the community,
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他們承認他們虧欠這個社區，
03:58
they actually put out a call for designers
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他們開始徵尋設計師
04:00
to propose temporary uses for this site,
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提出對這塊地的暫時使用提案，
04:02
hoping to turn it into a community benefit
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希望把它轉成社區的利益
04:05
rather than blight.
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而不是禍害。
04:07
I'm part of the diverse team of designers
that responded to that call,
that responded to that call,
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我是回應該公司的多樣化
設計師團隊中的一員，
設計師團隊中的一員，
04:11
and for the last four years,
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在過去四年間，
04:12
we've been collaborating
with those mothers
with those mothers
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我們一直和那些母親
04:14
and other residents,
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以及其他居民、
04:15
as well as local organizations
and the utility company.
and the utility company.
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地方組織，及該公用事業公司合作。
04:19
We've been experimenting
with all types of events
with all types of events
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我們在實驗各種活動
04:22
to try and address issues
of spatial justice.
of spatial justice.
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試圖處理空間正義的議題。
04:24
Everything from job training workshops
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從工作訓練研習營
04:27
to an annual circus
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到年度馬戲團
04:29
to even a beautiful, new shoreline trail.
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甚至到美麗的海岸線新小徑。
04:32
In the four years
that we've been operational,
that we've been operational,
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我們在營運的這四年間，
04:35
over 12,000 people have come
and done something on this site
and done something on this site
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有超過一萬兩千人來到
這個地方做出貢獻，
這個地方做出貢獻，
04:38
that we hope has transformed
their relationship to it.
their relationship to it.
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我們希望能轉變他們
與這個地方的關係。
與這個地方的關係。
04:44
But lately,
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但，近期，
04:45
I'm starting to realize
that events are not enough.
that events are not enough.
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我開始了解到，只有活動還不夠。
04:50
A few months ago,
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幾個月前，
04:51
there was a community meeting
in this neighborhood.
in this neighborhood.
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在這個街坊有一場社區會議。
04:54
The utility company was finally ready
to talk concretely
to talk concretely
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公用事業公司終於
準備好要具體地來談
準備好要具體地來談
04:57
about long-term redevelopment.
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長期的重新開發。
05:00
That meeting was kind of a disaster.
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那場會議可說是場災難。
05:04
There was a lot of yelling and anger.
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有很多吼叫和怒火。
05:06
People asked things like,
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大家會問這類問題：
05:08
"If you're going
to sell it to a developer,
to sell it to a developer,
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「若你要把它賣給開發商，
05:10
wouldn't they just build
luxury condos like everyone else?"
luxury condos like everyone else?"
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他們難道不會像別人一樣
建造奢侈的公寓嗎？」
建造奢侈的公寓嗎？」
05:13
And "Where has the city been?"
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以及「城市跑到哪兒去了？」
05:14
"Why aren't there more jobs
and resources in this neighborhood?"
and resources in this neighborhood?"
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「為什麼在這個街坊
沒有更多工作和資源？」
沒有更多工作和資源？」
05:19
It was not that our events
had failed to bring joy.
had failed to bring joy.
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並不是我們的活動沒有帶來喜悅。
05:23
But in spite of that,
there was still pain here.
there was still pain here.
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但儘管如此，這裡還是有痛苦。
05:27
Pain from a history
of environmental injustice
of environmental injustice
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這痛苦來自環境不公平的歷史，
05:30
that left many industrial
uses in this neighborhood,
uses in this neighborhood,
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在這個街坊留下很多工業的使用，
05:34
leaving residents living near toxic waste
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讓居民住在有毒廢物
05:36
and, literally, shit.
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和可說是糞便的附近。
05:39
There's pain from the fact
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有些痛苦是來自
05:40
that this zip code still has
one of the lowest per capita income,
one of the lowest per capita income,
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這個郵遞區號的地區仍然是
每人收入最低的地區之一，
每人收入最低的地區之一，
05:45
highest unemployment
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還有最高的失業率，
05:46
and highest incarceration rates
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以及最高的監禁率，
05:48
in a city which tech giants
like Twitter, Airbnb and Uber call home.
like Twitter, Airbnb and Uber call home.
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這個城市可是科技巨人，如推特、
Airbnb，以及優步的家鄉。
Airbnb，以及優步的家鄉。
05:53
And those tech companies --
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而那些科技公司，
05:55
hm --
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嗯，
05:56
they've actually helped to trigger
a gentrification push
a gentrification push
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他們其實是在助推中產階級化，
05:59
that is rapidly redefining
this neighborhood,
this neighborhood,
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那會快速重新定義這個街坊，
06:01
both in terms of identity and population.
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在身分上以及人口上皆是如此。
06:05
Now let me pause for a moment
to talk about gentrification.
to talk about gentrification.
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我先暫停一下，來談談中產階級化。
06:10
I suspect for a lot of us,
it's kind of like a dirty word.
it's kind of like a dirty word.
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我懷疑，對我們很多人而言，
這就像是一個髒字。
這就像是一個髒字。
06:15
It's become synonymous
with the displacement
with the displacement
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它變成了遷移的同義字，
06:17
of poor residents from their neighborhood
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貧窮的居民遷離他們的街坊，
06:19
by wealthier newcomers.
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由有錢的新來者接手。
06:21
If you've ever been displaced,
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如果你曾經被迫遷移，
06:23
then you know the agony
of losing a place that held your story.
of losing a place that held your story.
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就知道失去保有
你故事的地方有多痛苦。
你故事的地方有多痛苦。
06:28
And if you haven't experienced this,
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如果你沒有這種經驗，
06:30
then I'm going to ask you to try
and imagine your way into it right now.
and imagine your way into it right now.
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我想請你現在想像一下這個情況。
06:35
Think about what it would be like
to find your favorite local spot,
to find your favorite local spot,
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想想看，你在當地最喜歡的地點，
06:38
a place where you often went and hung out
with the old-timers or your friends,
with the old-timers or your friends,
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你常常和老居民或朋友
去打發時間的地方，
去打發時間的地方，
06:43
had vanished.
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它消失了。
06:45
And then you get home,
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接著，你回到家，
06:46
and you find a from your landlord,
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你發現一封你房東寫的信，
06:48
saying that your rent's been doubled.
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寫說你的房租要加倍。
06:51
The choice to stay --
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留下的選擇
06:54
it's not yours to make.
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不是你能決定的。
06:56
You no longer belong in your home.
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你不再屬於你的家。
07:00
And know that this feeling
you're feeling right now,
you're feeling right now,
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你現在感受到的這個感覺，
07:04
it would be the same
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它都會是一樣的，
07:06
regardless of whether or not the person
who harmed you meant to do so.
who harmed you meant to do so.
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不論傷害你的人是有心或無心。
07:12
Developer Majora Carter once said to me,
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開發者馬喬拉卡特曾經告訴我：
07:15
"Poor people don't hate gentrification.
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「窮人並不痛恨中產階級化。
07:17
They just hate that they rarely get
to hang around long enough
to hang around long enough
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他們只是痛恨他們
無法在這裡待得夠久，
無法在這裡待得夠久，
07:20
to enjoy its benefits."
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以享受它帶來的益處。」
07:23
Why is it that we treat culture erasure
and economic displacement as inevitable?
and economic displacement as inevitable?
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為什麼我們會把文化抹除
和經濟位移視為不可避免？
和經濟位移視為不可避免？
07:30
We could approach development
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我們在發展時，
07:32
with an acknowledgment
of past injustices --
of past injustices --
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仍然可以承認過去的不公正——
07:35
find value not only in those new stories
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不只在新故事中，
07:37
but the old ones, too.
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也在舊故事中找到價值。
07:39
And make a commitment to build
people's capacity to stay --
people's capacity to stay --
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並承諾保證所建立出來的
容量能讓大家留下，
容量能讓大家留下，
07:43
to stay in their homes,
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留在家中，
07:45
to stay in their communities,
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留在他們的社區中，
07:47
to stay where they feel whole.
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留在讓他們感覺完整的地方。
07:52
But to do this rethink,
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但若要做這種重新思考，
07:54
it requires looking
at those past injustices
at those past injustices
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就需要去檢視那些過去的不公正
07:57
and the pain and grief
that is interwoven into them.
that is interwoven into them.
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以及和它們交織
在一起的痛苦和悲慟。
在一起的痛苦和悲慟。
08:00
And as I started to reflect
on my own work,
on my own work,
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當我開始反思我自己的工作，
08:03
I realized that pain and grief
have been recurring themes.
have been recurring themes.
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我了解到，痛苦和悲慟
是不斷重覆發生的主題。
是不斷重覆發生的主題。
08:07
I heard it early on
in the Bayview Hunters Point project
in the Bayview Hunters Point project
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我先前在灣景獵人區計畫中聽到
08:09
when a man named Daryl said,
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有個叫做戴洛的人說：
08:11
"We've always been
set aside like an island --
set aside like an island --
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「我們一直都被擱到一旁，
就像島嶼一樣，
就像島嶼一樣，
08:14
a no-man's-land."
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無人的島嶼。」
08:16
I also heard it in Houston,
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我在也休士頓聽過，
08:18
when I was working on a project
with day laborers.
with day laborers.
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當時我和計日工在進行一項計畫。
08:20
And as Juan told me stories
of being robbed of his wages many times
of being robbed of his wages many times
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璜告訴我的故事是
他的薪資曾多次被搶劫，
他的薪資曾多次被搶劫，
08:23
on the corner in which he stood every day
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就在他每天為了支助家人生計
08:26
to earn a living to support his family,
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所站的角落，
08:29
he asked,
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他問：
08:30
"Why can't anyone see
the sacredness of this site?"
the sacredness of this site?"
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「為何沒人能看到
這個地方的神聖性？」
這個地方的神聖性？」
08:34
You know, you've seen the pain, too.
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你們也看過這些痛苦。
08:38
From campaigns around statue removals
in Charlottesville and New Orleans ...
in Charlottesville and New Orleans ...
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從夏洛蒂鎮以及紐奧良的
雕像拆除運動…
雕像拆除運動…
08:43
to towns that have lost
their industrial lifeblood
their industrial lifeblood
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到失去了產業命脈而現在正在
08:46
and are now dying,
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步向死亡的鄉鎮，
08:47
like Lorain, Ohio and Bolton, England.
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比如俄亥俄的洛蘭及英國的博爾頓。
08:51
We often rush to remake these places,
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我們通常會急著要重造這些地方，
08:54
thinking that we can ease their pain.
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認為我們能緩和他們的痛苦。
08:58
But in our boundless desire to do good,
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但雖然我們有無限慾望想要做善事、
09:01
to get past all of our mistakes,
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想克服我們所有的錯誤，
09:02
to build places that hold possibility,
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來建立具有可能性的地方，
09:06
we often maintain a blissful ignorance
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我們卻常有著樂而忘憂的無視，
09:10
of a landscape filled
with a very long trail of broken promises
with a very long trail of broken promises
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忽略了地景上滿是
一長串被違背的承諾，
一長串被違背的承諾，
09:15
and squelched dreams.
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以及被碾碎的夢想。
09:18
We are building on top of brokenness.
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我們在斷垣殘壁上建造。
09:22
Is it any wonder
that the foundations cannot hold?
that the foundations cannot hold?
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有人納悶過，地基可能不穩嗎？
09:27
Holding space for pain and grief
was never part of my job description
was never part of my job description
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我身為建築師的工作內容從未包括
留出空間給痛苦和悲慟。
09:30
as an architect --
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09:32
after all, it's not expedient,
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畢竟，那不是權宜的，
09:34
focused on beauty,
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其焦點不在美好上，
09:35
and hell, even requested by my clients.
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而且我的客戶也沒有要求這點。
09:40
But I've seen what happens
when there's space for pain.
when there's space for pain.
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但我見過留些空間給痛苦會怎樣，
09:43
It can be transformational.
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是可以轉型的。
09:46
Returning to our story,
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回到我們的故事，
09:48
when we first started working
in the neighborhood,
in the neighborhood,
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當我一開始在這個街坊工作時，
09:51
one of the first things we did
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我們最先做的事之一，
09:52
was go out and interview the activists
who had led the fight to close the plant.
who had led the fight to close the plant.
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就是出去訪問那些要求關閉
電廠的激進分子領導者。
電廠的激進分子領導者。
09:57
We consistently heard and felt from them
a sense of impending loss.
a sense of impending loss.
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我們從他們那裡聽到和感受到，
有種即將發生的失去感。
有種即將發生的失去感。
10:01
The neighborhood was already changing,
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這個街坊已經在改變，
10:03
even back then.
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即使是在那時。
10:04
People were leaving or dying of old age,
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大家都離開了，或是年老過世，
10:06
and with those departures,
stories were being lost.
stories were being lost.
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隨著他們離去，故事也遺失了。
10:10
To those activists,
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對那些激進分子而言，
10:12
no one was going to know
the amazing things
the amazing things
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將來沒有人會知道在這個社區
10:14
that had happened in this community,
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發生過不可思議的事，
10:16
because to everyone on the outside,
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因為對於局外人而言
10:19
it was the ghetto.
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它就是個貧民窟。
10:21
At worst, a place of violence;
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最糟的情況是暴力之地，
10:22
at best, a blank slate.
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最好的情況是空白的石板。
10:26
Neither was true, of course.
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當然，兩者都不是真的。
10:29
So my colleagues and I,
we reached out to StoryCorps.
we reached out to StoryCorps.
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所以我同事和我向
StoryCorps 求援。
StoryCorps 求援。
10:33
And with their support,
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有他們以及公用事業公司的支援
10:34
and that of the utility company,
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10:36
we built a listening booth on our site.
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我們在這建立了一個傾聽站。
10:38
And we invited the residents to come
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我們邀請居民過來
10:40
and have their stories
recorded for posterity.
recorded for posterity.
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說他們的故事，記錄下來給後世。
10:43
After a few days of recording,
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在錄製了幾天之後，
10:46
we held a listening party
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我們舉行了一場傾聽派對。
10:48
where we played clips,
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播放一些片段，
10:49
much like what you hear
on NPR every Friday morning.
on NPR every Friday morning.
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就像你每個星期五早晨
在 NPR 聽到的一樣。
在 NPR 聽到的一樣。
10:53
That party --
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那場派對
10:55
it was one of the most amazing
community meetings
community meetings
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是我所參與過
10:57
I've ever been a part of.
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最棒的社區會議之一。
10:59
In part because we didn't
just talk about joy
just talk about joy
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有部分原因是我們不只談喜悅，
11:03
but also pain.
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也談痛苦。
11:05
Two stories that I remember well --
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我清楚記得兩個故事。
11:07
AJ talked about what it was like
to grow up in the neighborhood.
to grow up in the neighborhood.
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AJ 談到在這個街坊長大的情況。
總是可以找到小孩一起玩。
11:10
There was always a kid to play with.
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11:13
But he also spoke with sadness
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但他也談到悲傷，
11:14
of what it was like to first be stopped
and questioned by a police officer
and questioned by a police officer
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談到與其他人相比，
他更可能先被警察攔下來盤查，
他更可能先被警察攔下來盤查，
11:18
when he was 11.
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那時他才十一歲。
11:21
GL also talked about the kids,
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GL 也談到孩子，
11:23
and the ups and downs of the experience
of living in this neighborhood,
of living in this neighborhood,
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以及住在這個街坊的苦與樂，
11:27
but he also spoke with pride
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但他也談到自豪，
11:29
of some of the organizations
that had sprung up
that had sprung up
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有些突然出現的組織
11:31
to provide support and empowerment.
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來提供支援和賦能。
11:34
He wanted to see more of that.
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他想要看到更多那種現象。
11:37
By holding space
to first express pain and grief,
to first express pain and grief,
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藉由保有表述痛苦和悲慟的空間，
11:40
we were then able
to brainstorm ideas for a site --
to brainstorm ideas for a site --
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我們才能針對這個地方
腦力激盪想法。
腦力激盪想法。
11:43
amazing ideas that then became the seeds
of what we did over the next four years.
of what we did over the next four years.
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有些很棒的想法成了種子，
促成了接下來四年的作為。
促成了接下來四年的作為。
11:49
So why the radically
different meeting now?
different meeting now?
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所以，為何現在的會議如此不同？
11:52
Well ...
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嗯…
11:53
the pain and grief woven into these spaces
was not created in a day.
was not created in a day.
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與這些空間交織的痛苦和悲慟
並不是一天造成的。
並不是一天造成的。
11:58
Healing also takes time.
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治癒也需要時間。
12:02
After all, who here thinks you can
go to therapy just once and be cured?
go to therapy just once and be cured?
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畢竟，有人認為只要去
做一次治療就能被治好嗎？
做一次治療就能被治好嗎？
12:06
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
12:08
Anyone?
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有人嗎？
12:10
I didn't think so.
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我也認為沒有。
12:12
In retrospect,
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現在回顧起來，
12:13
I wish that we had held
more listening sessions,
more listening sessions,
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我希望我們當初做過
更多的傾聽時段，
更多的傾聽時段，
12:16
not just joyful events.
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不只是歡樂的活動。
12:19
My work's taken me all over the world,
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我的工作帶我到世界各地，
12:22
and I have yet to set foot
in a place where pain didn't exist
in a place where pain didn't exist
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我去過的每個地方都一定會有痛苦，
12:27
and the potential for healing was absent.
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也有療癒的可能性。
12:30
So while I've spent my career
honing my skills as an architect,
honing my skills as an architect,
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雖然我在整個職涯中
都在磨練建築師的技能，
都在磨練建築師的技能，
12:33
I realize that I'm now also a healer.
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我了解到，現在我也是個治療者。
12:37
I suppose this is the point in the talk
where I should be telling you
where I should be telling you
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我想，演講進行到這裡，
我應該要告訴各位
我應該要告訴各位
12:41
those five steps to healing,
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療癒的五個步驟，
12:42
but I don't have the solution --
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但我沒有解決方案，
12:44
yet.
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目前還沒有。
12:45
Just a path.
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只有路徑。
12:47
That being said,
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雖然如此，
12:48
there are a few things
I have learned along the way.
I have learned along the way.
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這一路上我還是學到了幾件事。
12:51
First --
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第一件事：
12:53
we cannot create cities for everyone
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我們無法做到為每個人創建城市，
12:56
unless we're first willing
to listen to everyone.
to listen to everyone.
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除非我們願意先傾聽每個人。
12:59
Not just about what they hope
to see built in the future
to see built in the future
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不只是聽他們希望看到
未來能建造出什麼，
未來能建造出什麼，
13:02
but also about what has been
lost or unfulfilled.
lost or unfulfilled.
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也聽他們過去失去了什麼
或有什麼沒實現的。
或有什麼沒實現的。
13:06
Second --
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第二件事：
13:08
healing is not just for "those people."
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療癒並不只給「那些人」，
13:11
For those of us with privilege,
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社會中那些有特權的人，
13:14
we have to have a reckoning
with our own guilt,
with our own guilt,
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我們得要去計算我們自己的罪過、
13:17
discomfort and complicity.
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不安穩，以及共謀。
13:21
As non-profit leader
Anne Marks once observed,
Anne Marks once observed,
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2500
非營利領導人安馬克斯曾觀察到：
13:24
"Hurt people hurt people;
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2203
「被傷害的人會去傷害別人；
13:26
healed people heal people."
277
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2344
被療癒的人會去療癒別人。」
13:30
And third --
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第三件事：
13:32
healing is not about the erasure of pain.
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療癒的重點並不是消除痛苦。
13:35
We often have a tendency to want
to put a clean slate over our pain,
to put a clean slate over our pain,
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我們通常傾向於
清除所有的痛苦記錄，
清除所有的痛苦記錄，
13:39
much like that asphalt on the soil
in Bayview Hunters Point.
in Bayview Hunters Point.
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就像在灣景獵人區
土壤上的瀝青一樣。
土壤上的瀝青一樣。
13:42
But it doesn't work that way.
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但療癒不是這樣運作的。
13:44
Healing is about acknowledging pain
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療癒的重點是要承認痛苦
13:47
and making peace with it.
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並且同它和平共存。
13:50
One of my favorite quotes
says that healing renews our faith
says that healing renews our faith
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我最喜歡的引言之一是
在「成為」的過程中
療癒能夠恢復我們的信念。
療癒能夠恢復我們的信念。
13:54
in the process of becoming.
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13:57
I stand here before you
as an architect-healer
as an architect-healer
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我以建築師和治療者的身分
站在各位面前，
站在各位面前，
14:00
because I'm ready to see
what I can become,
what I can become,
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因為我準備好要看看我能成為什麼，
14:03
what my community and those
that I work with can become,
that I work with can become,
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我的社區和與我合作的人
能成為什麼，
能成為什麼，
14:05
and what this country,
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1151
以及這個國家，
14:06
and frankly, this world can become.
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2227
還有這個世界，能成為什麼。
14:09
And I was not meant
to take that journey alone.
to take that journey alone.
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我不打算獨自一人踏上這段旅程。
14:13
I believe that many of you are unhappy
with the way that things are now.
with the way that things are now.
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我相信許多人對現狀感到不開心。
14:19
Believe that it can be different.
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請相信，它能有所不同。
14:22
I believe that you all are
far more resilient than you think.
far more resilient than you think.
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我認為，你們都比你們
所想像的還要更有恢復力。
所想像的還要更有恢復力。
14:28
But the first step requires courage.
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但踏出第一步需要勇氣。
14:32
The courage to see each other's pain,
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看見彼此痛苦的勇氣，
14:35
and to be willing
to stay in the presence of it,
to stay in the presence of it,
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在遇到痛苦時即使感到很不舒服，
14:38
even when it gets uncomfortable.
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也不逃走的勇氣。
14:41
Just imagine the change
that we can make together
that we can make together
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想像若我們都能投入，
能同心協力做出多大的改變。
14:46
if we all committed to that.
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14:49
Thank you.
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謝謝。
14:50
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Liz Ogbu - Designer, urbanist, social change agentLiz Ogbu works with/in communities in need, to use tactical, human-centered design to tackle wicked social problems and catalyze community healing.
Why you should listen
Liz Ogbu writes: "While I received my architecture training at a prestigious architecture school (Harvard), my vision of architecture has always been broader than just bricks and mortar. I believe that the very act of design is about creating places that enable people to be and feel acknowledged, to connect to one another, to heal and to thrive. For me, design solutions emerge not just from an aesthetic place but from also taking a human-centered approach in which people’s needs and desires drive the process; problems (and solutions) are looked at not at the level of isolated objects but from the perspective of systemic injustices. Ideas are prototyped rapidly, in real time, at human scale, and in collaboration with communities.
"I’ve intensely pursued opportunities to advance this vision throughout my career, from founding an innovative social impact design consultancy, Studio O, to projects like designing shelters for immigrant day laborers to advocacy work like Dick and Rick: A Primer on Social Impact Design to research around issues of equitable development in urban marginalized communities in Australia and South Africa."
Liz Ogbu | Speaker | TED.com