TEDMED 2015
Vanessa Ruiz: The spellbinding art of human anatomy
凡妮莎·魯伊斯: 迷人的人體解剖學藝術
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凡妮莎·魯伊斯帶領我們探索歷史上的人體解剖藝術, 與我們分享迷人的畫面, 那些賦予視覺科學以及受它鼓舞的現代藝術家生命力的圖片. "解剖藝術擁有能超越醫學教材的力量," 她說,"通過藝術, 把我們最深層次的自我與身體相連."
Vanessa Ruiz - Anatomical artist
Vanessa Ruiz documents the intersection of medical illustration and contemporary art. Full bio
Vanessa Ruiz documents the intersection of medical illustration and contemporary art. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
As a lover of human anatomy,
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作為人體解剖學的愛好者,
00:15
I'm so excited that we're finally
putting our bodies at the center of focus.
putting our bodies at the center of focus.
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我很高興我們終於把
自己的身體 作為關注重心。
自己的身體 作為關注重心。
00:19
Through practices
such as preventive medicine,
such as preventive medicine,
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從實際行動, 比如預防藥物,
00:22
patient empowerment
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病人授權,
00:23
and self-monitoring --
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以及自我監控 －
00:25
down to now obsessing
over every single step we take in a day.
over every single step we take in a day.
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到現在擔心每天所做的任何事。
00:29
All of this works to promote
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所有的努力都是為了
00:31
a healthy connection
between ourselves and our bodies.
between ourselves and our bodies.
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提高身體健康。
00:37
Despite all this focus
on the healthy self,
on the healthy self,
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除了這些對於健康自身的關注,
00:41
general public knowledge
of the anatomical self is lacking.
of the anatomical self is lacking.
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普通大眾對解剖學缺少
對本身的認知。
對本身的認知。
00:45
Many people don't know
the location of their vital organs,
the location of their vital organs,
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多數人不知道重要
人體器官的位置,
人體器官的位置,
00:48
or even how they function.
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甚至不懂這些器官的功能。
00:50
And that's because human anatomy
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這是因為人體解剖學
00:52
is a difficult and time-intensive
subject to learn.
subject to learn.
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是很難且需要大量
時間投入的學科。
時間投入的學科。
00:56
How many of you here
made it through anatomy?
made it through anatomy?
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在場各位,有多少人學過解剖學?
00:59
Wow, good --
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哇,不錯 －
01:01
most of you are in medicine.
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你們中的大多數是學醫的。
01:03
I, like you, spent countless hours
memorizing hundreds of structures.
memorizing hundreds of structures.
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我,和你們一樣,耗費了
大量的時間背誦上百個結構.
大量的時間背誦上百個結構.
01:09
Something no student of anatomy
could do without the help of visuals.
could do without the help of visuals.
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學習解剖學的同學必須通過
視覺教具才能做到這件事。
視覺教具才能做到這件事。
01:15
Because at the end of the day,
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因為最終,
01:16
whether you remember
every little structure or not,
every little structure or not,
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無論你是否記住
每一個細小的結構,
每一個細小的結構,
01:19
these medical illustrations are what
makes studying anatomy so intriguing.
makes studying anatomy so intriguing.
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是這些醫學插圖讓
學習解剖學變得有吸引力.
學習解剖學變得有吸引力.
01:24
In looking at them,
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仔細看他們的時候,
01:25
we're actually viewing
a manual of our very selves.
a manual of our very selves.
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我們事實上是在欣賞
自己的身體手冊。
自己的身體手冊。
01:30
But what happens when we're done studying?
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但是當我們完成學習後
會發生甚麼呢?
會發生甚麼呢?
01:32
These beautiful illustrations
are then shut back
are then shut back
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這些美麗的插圖
01:36
into the pages of a medical textbook,
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被收錄在醫學教科書裡,
01:38
or an app,
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或是應用程序裡,
01:39
referenced only when needed.
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只有需要的時候才會被查閱。
01:41
And for the public,
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而對於公眾,
01:42
medical illustrations
may only be encountered passively
may only be encountered passively
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醫學插圖可能僅會
被動地出現在
被動地出現在
01:45
on the walls of a doctor's office.
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醫生辦公室的牆上.
01:48
From the beginnings of modern medicine,
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從現代醫學的開端,
01:50
medical illustration,
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醫學插圖,
01:51
and therefore anatomy,
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和伴隨而來的解剖學,
01:53
have existed primarily within
the realm of medical education.
the realm of medical education.
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它們主要存在於
醫學教育領域。
醫學教育領域。
01:58
Yet there's something fascinating
happening right now.
happening right now.
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然而現今，發生了一些
令人振奮的事情。
令人振奮的事情。
02:01
Artists are breaking anatomy
out of the confines of the medical world
out of the confines of the medical world
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藝術家讓解剖學走出了
醫學世界的界線，
醫學世界的界線，
02:05
and are thrusting it
into the public space.
into the public space.
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然後把解剖學推向公眾世界。
02:07
For the past nine years,
I have been cataloguing and sharing
I have been cataloguing and sharing
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在過去的九年裡,
我一直在為公眾編錄、分享
我一直在為公眾編錄、分享
02:10
this rise in anatomical art
with the public --
with the public --
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解剖學藝術的崛起
02:13
all from my perspective
as a medical illustrator.
as a medical illustrator.
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從我醫學插圖師的角度。
02:17
But before I get into showing you
how artists are reclaiming anatomy today,
how artists are reclaiming anatomy today,
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但是在我給各位展示現今
藝術家是如何重塑解剖學之前,
藝術家是如何重塑解剖學之前,
02:21
it's important to understand
how art influenced anatomy in the past.
how art influenced anatomy in the past.
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我們需要了解藝術在過去
是如何影響解剖學的。
是如何影響解剖學的。
02:27
Now, anatomy is by its
very nature a visual science,
very nature a visual science,
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現在, 解剖學的本質
是視覺科學,
是視覺科學,
02:30
and the first anatomists to understand
this lived during the Renaissance.
this lived during the Renaissance.
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而首批了解這個本質的
解剖學家出現在文藝復興時期。
解剖學家出現在文藝復興時期。
02:34
They relied on artists
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他們通過藝術家的幫助
02:36
to help advertise their discoveries
to their peers in the public.
to their peers in the public.
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把他們的發現推廣給
社會上的同僚。
社會上的同僚。
02:40
And this drive to not only teach
but also to entertain
but also to entertain
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這種不僅是為了教育,
還是為了娛樂的想法
還是為了娛樂的想法
02:45
resulted in some of the strangest
anatomical illustrations.
anatomical illustrations.
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帶來了很多最奇妙的解剖插圖。
02:51
Anatomy was caught in a struggle
between science, art and culture
between science, art and culture
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解剖學曾陷入一場
持續了五百多年的
持續了五百多年的
02:56
that lasted for over 500 years.
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科學、藝術與文化的衝突中。
03:01
Artists rendered
dissected cadavers as alive,
dissected cadavers as alive,
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藝術家把解剖後的屍體
描繪得栩栩如生,
描繪得栩栩如生,
03:06
posed in these humorous
anatomical stripteases.
anatomical stripteases.
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把屍體擺放得好似
解剖過的脫衣舞者.
解剖過的脫衣舞者.
03:10
Imagine seeing that
in your textbooks today.
in your textbooks today.
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想像一下你現在在教科書中
看到這些圖片。
看到這些圖片。
03:14
They also showed them as very much dead --
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藝術家也會把屍體
死亡的特徵展示出來 －
死亡的特徵展示出來 －
03:17
unwillingly stripped of their skin.
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不情願地被剝落皮膚。
03:21
Disembodied limbs were often
posed in literal still lives.
posed in literal still lives.
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空洞僵硬的四肢通常
被擺成仍然活著的姿態。
被擺成仍然活著的姿態。
03:28
And some illustrations
even included pop culture references.
even included pop culture references.
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有些插圖甚至引用流行文化。
03:32
This is Clara,
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這位是克萊拉,
03:34
a famous rhinoceros that was
traveling Europe in the mid-1700s,
traveling Europe in the mid-1700s,
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一只有名的犀牛,
在18世紀中期遊遍歐洲,
在18世紀中期遊遍歐洲,
03:37
at a time when seeing a rhino
was an exciting rarity.
was an exciting rarity.
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在那時,看到犀牛是一件
激動人心的罕見事.
激動人心的罕見事.
03:40
Including her in this illustration
was akin to celebrity sponsorship today.
was akin to celebrity sponsorship today.
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把它加在這張插圖上好像
如今邀請名人贊助商一樣。
如今邀請名人贊助商一樣。
03:46
The introduction of color
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然後色彩的使用
03:49
then brought a whole new
depth and clarity to anatomy
depth and clarity to anatomy
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讓解剖學的深度與
清晰度更上一層樓，
清晰度更上一層樓，
03:52
that made it stunning.
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讓人嘆為觀止。
03:56
By the early 20th century,
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直到20世紀早期,
03:57
the perfect balance of science
and art had finally been struck
and art had finally been struck
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伴隨著醫學插圖
畫家的出現，
畫家的出現，
04:01
with the emergence
of medical illustrators.
of medical illustrators.
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科學與藝術間的完美
平衡終於達成了。
平衡終於達成了。
04:04
They created a universal
representation of anatomy --
representation of anatomy --
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他們創造了通用的
解剖學定義 －
解剖學定義 －
04:07
something that was neither alive nor dead,
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一種非生非死的事物,
04:09
that was free from those influences
of artistic culture.
of artistic culture.
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完全脫離藝術文化.
的影響。
的影響。
04:14
And this focus on no-frills accuracy
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著重強調毫無修飾的準確性
04:16
was precisely for the benefit
of medical education.
of medical education.
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恰恰是完全服務於醫學教育。
04:20
And this is what we
get to study from today.
get to study from today.
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這正是我們現在要學的東西。
04:26
But why is it that medical illustration --
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但是為甚麼醫學插圖 －
04:28
both past and present --
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包括過去的與現在的 －
04:30
captures our imaginations?
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可以讓我們浮想聯翩呢?
04:33
Now, we are innately tuned
into the beauty of the human body.
into the beauty of the human body.
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現在，我們與生俱來地
被身體的魅力所吸引。
被身體的魅力所吸引。
04:37
And medical illustration is still art.
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而醫學插圖仍然是藝術。
04:42
Nothing can elicit
an emotional response --
an emotional response --
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沒有甚麼能比人體
04:44
from joy to complete disgust --
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更能激發情感反應,
04:47
more than the human body.
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從喜悅到完全厭惡.
04:49
And today,
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如今,
04:50
artists armed with that emotion,
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藝術家用這種情感做武器,
04:53
are grasping anatomy
from the medical world,
from the medical world,
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把解剖學從醫學的世界裡剝離,
04:55
and are reinvigorating it through art
in the most imaginative ways.
in the most imaginative ways.
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然後通過藝術,用最有想像力的
方式重塑解剖學。
方式重塑解剖學。
05:01
A perfect example of this is Spanish
contemporary artist Fernando Vicente.
contemporary artist Fernando Vicente.
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一個最有代表性的例子是
西班牙現代藝術家費南多·維森特。
西班牙現代藝術家費南多·維森特。
05:07
He takes 19th century anatomical
illustrations of the male body
illustrations of the male body
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他借助19世紀解剖
插畫中男性的身體,
插畫中男性的身體,
05:13
and envelops them in a female sensuality.
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把它們應藏在女性的情慾中。
05:18
The women in his paintings taunt us
to view beyond their surface anatomy,
to view beyond their surface anatomy,
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他畫作中的女性嘲諷我們去
關注她們身體表象以外的部分,
關注她們身體表象以外的部分,
05:23
thereby introducing a strong femininity
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以此展示曾在解剖作品
歷史上一度被忽略的
歷史上一度被忽略的
05:26
that was previously lacking in the history
of anatomical representation.
of anatomical representation.
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強烈的女性氣質。
05:32
Artistry can also be seen in the repair
and recovery of the human body.
and recovery of the human body.
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藝術才能在人體修補
和復原中同樣可見。
和復原中同樣可見。
05:37
This is an X-ray of a woman
who fractured and dislocated her ankle
who fractured and dislocated her ankle
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這個X光片展示了一位
在滑板事故中
在滑板事故中
05:40
in a roller-skating accident.
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腳踝斷裂脫臼的女性。
05:42
As a tribute to her trauma,
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作為對她痛苦的悼念,
05:44
she commissioned Montreal-based
architect Federico Carbajal
architect Federico Carbajal
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她委託來自蒙特利爾的
建築師費德裡科·卡瓦哈爾
建築師費德裡科·卡瓦哈爾
05:48
to construct a wire sculpture
of her damaged lower leg.
of her damaged lower leg.
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為她受傷的小腿製作線雕。
05:53
Now, notice those bright red screws
magnified in the sculpture.
magnified in the sculpture.
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來看看這些安插在雕像中
明亮的紅色螺絲。
明亮的紅色螺絲。
05:57
These are the actual surgical screws
used in reconstructing her ankle.
used in reconstructing her ankle.
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它們正是當時在她腳踝裡
用作復健的螺絲.
用作復健的螺絲.
06:02
It's medical hardware
that's been repurposed as art.
that's been repurposed as art.
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這是被變換成藝術的
醫療工具。
醫療工具。
06:08
People often ask me how I choose
the art that I showcase online
the art that I showcase online
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人們經常問我怎麼選出
在網路展示的藝術
在網路展示的藝術
06:12
or feature in gallery shows.
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或是畫廊展示的特寫。
06:14
And for me it's a balance
between the technique
between the technique
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於我來說,
這是一種界於技术
這是一種界於技术
06:17
and a concept that pushes the boundaries
of anatomy as a way to know thyself,
of anatomy as a way to know thyself,
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與概念間的平衡, 用來打破解剖學
的界線, 以便更好的了解自身。
的界線, 以便更好的了解自身。
06:21
which is why the work
of Michael Reedy struck me.
of Michael Reedy struck me.
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這是麥可·里迪的作品
感染我的原因。
感染我的原因。
06:25
His serious figure drawings
are often layered in elements of humor.
are often layered in elements of humor.
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他繪畫中嚴肅的線條經常
與幽默的元素相互穿插。
與幽默的元素相互穿插。
06:29
For instance, take a look at her face.
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比如說, 看看她的臉。
06:33
Notice those red marks.
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注意那些紅色的印記。
06:36
Michael manifests the consuming
insecurity of a skin condition
insecurity of a skin condition
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麥可用背景中這些瘋狂的、
06:40
as these maniacal cartoon monsters
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惱怒的、無法掌控的
卡通怪物
卡通怪物
06:42
annoying and out of control
in the background.
in the background.
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描繪出皮膚強烈的不安全感。
06:45
On the mirrored figure,
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在鏡像的圖畫中,
06:47
he renders the full anatomy
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他完全用解剖學渲染,
06:49
and covers it in glitter,
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然後塗抹以閃耀的粉末，
06:51
making it look like candy.
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讓整體看起來像糖果。
06:54
By doing this,
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通過這種做法,
06:55
Michael downplays
the common perception of anatomy
the common perception of anatomy
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麥可淡化了將解剖學與
疾病和死亡
疾病和死亡
06:58
so closely tied to just disease and death.
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緊密聯繫在一起的
傳統觀念。
傳統觀念。
07:03
Now, this next concept
might not make much sense,
might not make much sense,
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下一個概念也許
有點說不通,
有點說不通,
07:06
but human anatomy
is no longer limited to humans.
is no longer limited to humans.
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但是人類解剖學
不再侷限於人類。
不再侷限於人類。
07:10
When you were a child,
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當你還是孩童時,
07:11
did you ever wish
that your toys could come to life?
that your toys could come to life?
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你是否希望你的玩具會有生命?
07:14
Well, Jason Freeny
makes those dreams come true
makes those dreams come true
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傑森·福瑞利用他魔幻的
玩具解剖研究
玩具解剖研究
07:16
with his magical toy dissections.
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實現了這些夢想。
07:18
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
07:20
One might think that this
would bring a morbid edge
would bring a morbid edge
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有人認為這種行為
會給童年純真的卡通玩偶
會給童年純真的卡通玩偶
07:23
to one's innocent childhood characters,
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帶來病態扭曲的一面，
07:25
but Jason says of his dissections,
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但是傑森談及他的
解剖研究時說道：
解剖研究時說道：
07:28
"One thing I've never seen
in a child's reaction to my work is fear."
in a child's reaction to my work is fear."
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"我從未看到任何一個孩子
對我的成果表現出恐懼。"
對我的成果表現出恐懼。"
07:33
It's always wonder,
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反應通常是好奇,
07:35
amazement
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驚嘆
07:36
and wanting to explore.
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想要探索。
07:38
Fear of anatomy and guts
is a learned reaction.
is a learned reaction.
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對解剖學的恐懼與勇氣
是一種學來的反應。
是一種學來的反應。
07:44
This anatomization also extends to
politically and socially charged objects.
politically and socially charged objects.
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這種解剖學式的分析也會
擴展到政治和社會對象。
擴展到政治和社會對象。
07:51
In Noah Scalin's "Anatomy of War,"
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在諾·斯凱林的"解剖戰爭"中,
07:53
we see a gun dissected
to reveal human organs.
to reveal human organs.
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我們看到一隻槍被分解
來展示人類的器官。
來展示人類的器官。
07:57
But if you look closely,
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但當你湊近來看,
07:59
you'll notice that it lacks a brain.
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你會發現槍沒有大腦。
08:02
And if you keep looking,
you might also notice
you might also notice
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如果你繼續研究,
你可能也會發現
你可能也會發現
08:05
that Noah has so thoughtfully
placed the rectum
placed the rectum
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諾非常有想法的把直腸
08:08
at the business end of that gun barrel.
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設置在槍口。
08:13
Now, this next artist
I've been following for many years,
I've been following for many years,
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這是我多年關注的
另一位藝術家
另一位藝術家
08:16
watching him excite
the public about anatomy.
the public about anatomy.
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看看他是怎樣讓公眾
喜愛解剖學的。
喜愛解剖學的。
08:21
Danny Quirk is a young artist
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丹尼·夸克是一位年輕的藝術家
08:23
who paints his subjects
in the process of self-dissection.
in the process of self-dissection.
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他以自我解剖為創作過程
勾畫他的主題。
勾畫他的主題。
08:27
He bends the rules of medical illustration
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他打破醫學插圖的條框法則,
08:29
by inserting a very dramatic
light and shadow.
light and shadow.
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通過加入非常戲劇化的
光線與陰影。
光線與陰影。
08:32
And this creates a 3-D illusion
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這種手法打造出3-D的效果
08:35
that lends itself very well
to painting directly on the human skin.
to painting directly on the human skin.
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使得作品本身好比
直接在人體皮膚上作畫。
直接在人體皮膚上作畫。
08:41
Danny makes it look as if a person's
skin has actually been removed.
skin has actually been removed.
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丹尼使作品看起來好像
人的皮膚真的被撕開。
人的皮膚真的被撕開。
08:46
And this effect --
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這種效果 －
08:47
also cool and tattoo-like --
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很酷,像是紋身一樣 －
08:50
easily transitions
into a medical illustration.
into a medical illustration.
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很容易過渡到
醫學插圖中。
醫學插圖中。
08:55
Now Danny is currently
traveling the world,
traveling the world,
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現在, 丹尼在周遊世界,
08:57
teaching anatomy to the public
via his body paintings,
via his body paintings,
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用他的人體繪畫
為公眾講解解剖學,
為公眾講解解剖學,
09:00
which is why it was
so shocking to find out
so shocking to find out
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所以當我們的得知
他被醫學插圖項目拒絕，
他被醫學插圖項目拒絕，
09:02
that he was rejected
from medical illustration programs.
from medical illustration programs.
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我們都很震驚。
09:05
But he's doing just fine.
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不過他現在生活也不錯。
09:10
Then there are artists
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接下來,有一些藝術家
09:11
who are extracting anatomy from both
the medical world and the art world
the medical world and the art world
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把解剖學從醫學和
藝術的世界脫離,
藝術的世界脫離,
09:15
and are placing it
directly on the streets.
directly on the streets.
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然後直接把它在街頭
展示出來。
展示出來。
09:18
London-based SHOK-1 paints
giant X-rays of pop culture icons.
giant X-rays of pop culture icons.
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來自倫敦的SHOK-1繪畫出
流行文化標誌的大型X光.
流行文化標誌的大型X光.
09:23
His X-rays show how culture
can come to have an anatomy of its own,
can come to have an anatomy of its own,
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他的X光表達了文化
本身可以如何被解剖,
本身可以如何被解剖,
09:27
and conversely how culture can become
part of the anatomy of a person.
part of the anatomy of a person.
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而且相反地,文化如何可以
成為人體解剖的一部分。
成為人體解剖的一部分。
09:32
You come to admire his work
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你一定會欣賞他的作品
09:33
because reproducing X-rays by hand,
let alone with spray paint,
let alone with spray paint,
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因為手工重塑X光,
更不用說使用噴霧顏料,
更不用說使用噴霧顏料,
09:36
is extremely difficult.
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是極其困難的。
09:38
But then again this is a street artist,
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同樣地,這也是一位
街頭藝術家,
街頭藝術家,
09:40
who also happens to hold
a degree in applied chemistry.
a degree in applied chemistry.
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但他同時擁有
應用化學的學歷。
應用化學的學歷。
09:45
Nychos, an Austrian street artist,
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耐可斯, 奧地利街頭藝術家,
09:47
takes the term "exploded view"
to a whole new level,
to a whole new level,
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把"分解圖"的概念
帶入新的層面,
帶入新的層面,
09:50
splattering human and animal dissections
on walls all over the world.
on walls all over the world.
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把人類與動物的解剖圖
揮灑在世界各地的牆壁上。
揮灑在世界各地的牆壁上。
09:55
Influenced by comics and heavy metal,
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受動漫與重金屬音樂影響,
09:58
Nychos inserts a very youthful
and enticing energy into anatomy
and enticing energy into anatomy
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耐可斯把非常青春迷人的
能量注入到解剖學中,
能量注入到解剖學中,
10:03
that I just love.
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這是我所愛的地方。
10:06
Street artists believe
that art belongs to the public.
that art belongs to the public.
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街頭藝術家相信藝術
屬於大眾。
屬於大眾。
10:10
And this street anatomy is so captivating
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這種街頭解剖如此有魅力
10:13
because it is the furthest removed
from the medical world.
from the medical world.
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是因為它離醫學世界的
解剖學最遠。
解剖學最遠。
10:16
It forces you to look at it,
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它迫使你注視它,
10:18
and confront your own
perceptions about anatomy,
perceptions about anatomy,
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挑戰你對解剖學的
個人觀點,
個人觀點,
10:21
whether you find it beautiful,
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不論是你覺得
它是美麗的,
它是美麗的,
10:23
gross,
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難以接受的,
10:24
morbid
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病態的,
10:26
or awe-inspiring, like I do.
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或是,像我一樣,覺得嘆為觀止的。
10:28
That it elicits these responses at all
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它所引起的各種反應
10:30
is due to our intimate
and often changing relationship with it.
and often changing relationship with it.
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是因為我們和它之間
熟悉卻又偶爾變換的關係。
熟悉卻又偶爾變換的關係。
10:36
All of the artists
that I showed you here today
that I showed you here today
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今天我展示給
你們的所有藝術家
你們的所有藝術家
10:38
referenced medical
illustrations for their art.
illustrations for their art.
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都應用醫學插圖創作藝術。
10:41
But for them,
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但是對於他們,
10:42
anatomy isn't just something to memorize,
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解剖學不是需要背誦的,
10:45
but a base from which to understand
the human body on a meaningful level;
the human body on a meaningful level;
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而是在有意義層面
來理解人體的基礎;
來理解人體的基礎;
10:50
to depict it in ways that we can relate,
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用與我們相關的
方式來描畫它,
方式來描畫它,
10:52
whether it be through cartoons,
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無論是通過卡通,
10:54
body painting
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人體繪畫
10:56
or street art.
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或是街頭藝術。
10:57
Anatomical art has the power
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解剖藝術擁有
11:00
to reach far beyond
the pages of a medical textbook,
the pages of a medical textbook,
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能超越醫學課本力量,
11:03
to ignite an excitement in the public,
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點燃公眾的熱情的力量,
11:05
and reinvigorate an enthusiasm
in the medical world,
in the medical world,
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振作醫學世界的
激情的力量,
激情的力量,
11:08
ultimately connecting our innermost selves
with our bodies through art.
with our bodies through art.
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最終通過藝術,把我們最深層次
的自我與我們的身體相連。
的自我與我們的身體相連。
11:15
Thank you.
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謝謝。
11:17
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Vanessa Ruiz - Anatomical artistVanessa Ruiz documents the intersection of medical illustration and contemporary art.
Why you should listen
Vanessa Ruiz is the driving force behind Street Anatomy, a blog that aggregates works that explore the intersection of art and medical illustration. Since its 2007 launch, Street Anatomy has published more than one thousand posts, revealing human anatomy in pencil drawings, tattoos, 3-D printing and interior design, among other media.
Fascinated by the surge in street art that was happening in Chicago while she pursued a master’s degree in biomedical visualization at the University of Illinois, Ruiz found a lack of public knowledge about the profession. She created Street Anatomy in the hopes of taking medical illustration into more public spaces and built an online resource for the public to discover contemporary anatomical art that gained instant popularity.
Vanessa Ruiz | Speaker | TED.com