ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Nicholas Negroponte - Tech visionary
The founder of the MIT Media Lab, Nicholas Negroponte pushed the edge of the information revolution as an inventor, thinker and angel investor. He's the driving force behind One Laptop per Child, building computers for children in the developing world.

Why you should listen

A pioneer in the field of computer-aided design, Negroponte founded (and was the first director of) MIT's Media Lab, which helped drive the multimedia revolution and now houses more than 500 researchers and staff across a broad range of disciplines. An original investor in Wired (and the magazine's "patron saint"), for five years he penned a column exploring the frontiers of technology -- ideas that he expanded into his 1995 best-selling book Being Digital. An angel investor extraordinaire, he's funded more than 40 startups, and served on the boards of companies such as Motorola and Ambient Devices.

But his latest effort, the One Laptop per Child project, may prove his most ambitious. The organization is designing, manufacturing and distributing low-cost, wireless Internet-enabled computers costing roughly $100 and aimed at children. Negroponte hopes to put millions of these devices in the hands of children in the developing world.

More profile about the speaker
Nicholas Negroponte | Speaker | TED.com
EG 2007

Nicholas Negroponte: One Laptop per Child, two years on

尼葛洛龐帝談OLPC (One Laptop per Child 每個兒童一台電腦) 的兩年發展

Filmed:
470,234 views

尼葛洛龐帝說明這兩年來One Laptop per Child(每個兒童一台電腦)計畫的執行進度。在第一批XO電腦剛剛量產出來時,他在EG會議上,向大家重申這引人注目的計畫爭議和他們的遠大目標。
- Tech visionary
The founder of the MIT Media Lab, Nicholas Negroponte pushed the edge of the information revolution as an inventor, thinker and angel investor. He's the driving force behind One Laptop per Child, building computers for children in the developing world. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
Most people don't know that when I went to high school學校 in this country國家 --
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國內多數人並不知道何時我上高中
00:16
I applied應用的 for university大學 at a time when I was convinced相信
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當我申請大學時,那時我深信
00:20
I was going to be an artist藝術家 and be a sculptor雕塑家.
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我將來要成為一名藝術家和雕塑家。
00:22
And I came來了 from a very privileged特權 background背景. I was very lucky幸運.
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而我非常幸運,誕生於一個還不錯的家庭,
00:25
My family家庭 was wealthy富裕, and my father父親 believed相信 in one thing,
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我的家境富裕,而我父親深信一件事情,
00:30
and that was to give us all as much education教育 as we wanted.
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就是他要儘可能供我們讀書,
00:33
And I announced公佈 I wanted to be a sculptor雕塑家 in Paris巴黎.
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當我宣布我想去巴黎做雕刻家時,
00:35
And he was a clever聰明 man. He sort分類 of said,
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我父親他是個聰明人,他是這樣說的
00:37
"Well, that's OK, but you've doneDONE very well in your math數學 SATsSAT考試."
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「好,那OK,但是你知道你的數學SAT考試考地非常好。」
00:41
In fact事實, I'd got an 800. And he thought I did very well -- and I did, too -- in the arts藝術:
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事實上,我考了800分,所以他認為我考得非常好,事實上我在藝術表現上也很棒,
00:46
this was my passion.
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這是我的熱切盼望。
00:49
And he said "If you go to MITMIT," to which哪一個 I had been given特定 early admission入場,
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而我父親他說,「如果你去念MIT麻省理工」,這所學校已經給我提前錄取,
00:52
"I will pay工資 for every一切 year you're at MITMIT,
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「我將會供你每年在MIT的花費,」
00:56
in graduate畢業 or undergraduate大學本科 -- as much as you want --
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「不管你是研究生或者大學生時,要多少都可以,」
00:58
I will pay工資 for an equal等於 number of years年份 for you to live生活 in Paris巴黎."
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「我將會供你同樣的金額,比照你住在巴黎的水準。」
01:01
And I thought that was the best最好 deal合同 in town, so I accepted公認 it immediately立即.
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而我想那是我在國內能夠得到最好的待遇,所以我馬上就接受。
01:05
And I decided決定 that if I was good in art藝術, and I was good in mathematics數學,
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而我想,如果我的數學跟藝術都擅長的話,
01:08
I'd study研究 architecture建築, which哪一個 was the blending混紡 of the two.
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我應該來學習建築,因為這個學科跨了兩個領域,
01:11
I went and told my headmaster校長 that, at prep預備 school學校.
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我這樣告訴我的導師,
01:14
And I said to him what I was doing, that I was going to go study研究 architecture建築
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我告訴他,我要做甚麼,就是我要去攻讀建築,
01:19
because it was art藝術 and mathematics數學 put together一起.
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因為它將藝術與數學放在一塊。
01:23
He said to me something that just went completely全然 over my head.
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他對我說了些事情剛好超過我的理解範圍,
01:27
He said, "You know, I like grey灰色 suits西裝, and I like pin-striped細條紋 suits西裝,
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他說,「你知道,我喜歡灰色西裝,我也喜歡細條紋西裝,
01:32
but I don't like grey灰色 pin-striped細條紋 suits西裝."
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但是我不喜歡灰色細條紋西裝。」
01:36
And I thought, "What a turkey火雞 this guy is," and I went off to MITMIT.
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那時我想,「這傢伙真是難搞,像火雞一樣」,之後我就去了MIT。
01:40
I studied研究 architecture建築, then did a second第二 degree in architecture建築,
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我讀了建築,然後念到二年級。
01:43
and then actually其實 quickly很快 realized實現 that it wasn't architecture建築.
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然後很快地,我發現到我的興趣不是建築,
01:49
That really, the mixing混合 of art藝術 and science科學 was computers電腦,
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事實上,將藝術與科學結合在一起的是電腦。
01:54
and that that really was the place地點 to bring帶來 both, and enjoyed享受 a career事業 doing that.
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而那的確是融合兩者之處,我也樂在其中。
01:58
And probably大概, if I were to fill out Jim吉姆 Citrin's西特林的 scale規模,
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然後,也許,我將會去完成Jim Citrin的進位法
02:04
I'd put 100 percent百分 on the side of the equation方程
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我將會百分百投入方程式的撰寫。
02:08
where you spend time making製造 it possible可能 for others其他 to be creative創作的.
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在那,你花時間讓它成真,也讓其他人更富有創意,
02:13
And after doing this for a long time, and the Media媒體 Lab實驗室 passing通過 the baton指揮棒 on,
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在做這個事這麼久之後,也有了媒體實驗室,
02:18
I thought, "Well, maybe it's time for me to do a project項目.
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我想,「好吧,也許該是我要來做點事情的時候了。
02:20
Something that would be important重要, but also something
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有些事情可能是重要的,但也有些事情
02:24
that would take advantage優點 of all of these privileges特權 that one had."
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一方面需要利用到這些特殊資源。」
02:28
And in the case案件 of the Media媒體 Lab實驗室, knowing會心 a lot of people,
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而在媒體實驗室,認識一些人,
02:31
knowing會心 people who were either executives高管 or wealthy富裕,
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認識的人非富即貴,不管是高階經理人或富豪商賈,
02:36
and also not having, in my own擁有 case案件, a career事業 to worry擔心 about anymore.
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就我的個案來說,我不用再去擔心我的工作,
02:41
My career事業, I mean, I'd doneDONE my career事業.
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工作,我的意思是,我已經做好我的工作,
02:43
Didn't have to worry擔心 about earning盈利 money.
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我不用去擔心要賺錢,
02:45
Didn't have to worry擔心 about what people thought about me.
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我不用去煩惱人們怎麼看待我。
02:48
And I said, "Boy男孩, let's really do something that takes advantage優點 of all these features特徵,"
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我說,「男孩們,讓我們真的來做些事情,好好利用這些優勢吧。」
02:54
and thought that if we could address地址 education教育, by leveraging借力 the children孩子,
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我想,我們可以透過這些小孩的力量來解決教育的問題,
02:58
and bringing使 to the world世界 the access訪問 of the computers電腦,
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為全世界帶來接觸電腦的機會
03:02
that that was really the thing we should do.
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那就是我們應該要做的事情
03:06
Never shown顯示 this picture圖片 before, and probably大概 going to be sued起訴 for it.
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之前從來沒秀過這張照片,也能會為了它被告,
03:09
It's taken採取 at three o'clock in the morning早上, without the permission允許 of the company公司.
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這張照片是在凌晨三點拍攝,並且沒有取得該公司同意,
03:11
It's about two weeks old. There they are, folks鄉親.
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這是約兩個星期前,大家看,它們就在那兒。
03:15
(Applause掌聲)
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鼓掌
03:16
If you look at the picture圖片, you'll你會 see they're stacked堆疊 up.
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從這張照片你可以看到,它們已經裝箱堆疊好。
03:20
Those are conveyor輸送帶 belts皮帶 that go around.
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環繞的是輸送帶。
03:23
This is one of the conveyor輸送帶 belts皮帶 with the thing going by,
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這是其中一個輸送帶,上面正輸送著東西,
03:26
but then you'll你會 see the ones那些 up above以上.
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然後你將會在上面看到它們,
03:29
What happens發生 is, they burn燒傷 into flash memory記憶 the software軟件,
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現在他們正在燒錄快閃記憶體軟體
03:34
and then test測試 them for a few少數 hours小時.
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然後測試幾個小時
03:37
But you've got to have the thing moving移動 on the assembly部件 line, because it's constant不變.
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但是沒多久必須移到組裝線上,因為是一貫作業,
03:41
So they go around in this loop循環, which哪一個 is why you see them up there.
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所以他們會經由這個循環作業,這就是為甚麼你會看到他們在那兒,
03:45
So this was great for us because it was a real真實 turning車削 point. But it goes back.
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所以這對我們來說實在太棒了,因為它實在是一個轉捩點。
03:49
This picture圖片 was taken採取 in 1982, just before the IBMIBM PC個人計算機 was even announced公佈.
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這張照片是在1982年拍攝,那時IBM PC才剛剛發表,
03:54
Seymour西摩 Papert帕爾特 and I were bringing使 computers電腦 to schools學校
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Seymour Papert和我帶著電腦到學校,
03:57
and developing發展 nations國家 at a time when it was way ahead of itself本身.
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這也是這些發展中國家超越他們自己的一次記錄
04:00
But one thing we learned學到了 was that these kids孩子 can absolutely絕對 jump into it
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但是有一件事,就是這些小孩馬上玩起這些電腦,
04:06
just the same相同 way as our kids孩子 do here.
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就像我們這裡的孩子所做的一樣。
04:09
And when people tell me, "Who's誰是 going to teach the teachers教師 to teach the kids孩子?"
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而當人們問我,誰要來教導這些要教育小朋友的老師們呢?
04:12
I say to myself, "What planet行星 do you come from?"
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我問我自己,「你是從哪個星球來的呢?」
04:15
Okay, there's not a person in this room房間 -- I don't care關心 how techie技術人員 you are --
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好吧,在座的每一個人,我不在乎你們是多麼有技術能力,
04:18
there's not a person in this room房間 that doesn't give their laptop筆記本電腦 or cell細胞 phone電話 to a kid孩子
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所有人都會樂意給小孩一個電腦或手機
04:23
to help them debug調試 it. OK?
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去幫助他們解決問題,對吧?
04:25
We all need help, even those of us who are very seasoned老練.
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我們都需要幫助,即便我們都很厲害。
04:30
This picture圖片 of Seymour西摩 -- 25 years年份 ago. Seymour西摩 made製作 a very simple簡單
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這是Seymour的照片,25年有了,Seymour做了一個非常簡單的
04:35
observation意見 in 1968, and then basically基本上 presented呈現 it in 1970 --
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觀察1968年,然後在1970年發表,
04:40
April四月 11 to be precise精確 -- called "Teaching教學 Children孩子 Thinking思維."
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精確日期在4月11日,題目叫做「教導孩子們思考」。
04:43
What he observed觀察到的 was that kids孩子 who write computer電腦 programs程式
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他所觀察到寫電腦程式的小孩
04:47
understand理解 things differently不同, and when they debug調試 the programs程式,
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理解事情的方式不同,當他們在程式中抓錯時,
04:51
they come the closest最近的 to learning學習 about learning學習.
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他們潛移默化地學習,
04:54
That was very important重要, and in some sense, we've我們已經 lost丟失 that.
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那非常重要,但是在某方面我們已經失去那種能力,
04:58
Kids童裝 don't program程序 enough足夠 and boy男孩,
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小孩子其實並沒有常寫程式,男孩子也是,
05:00
if there's anything I hope希望 this brings帶來 back, it's programming程序設計 to kids孩子.
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如果有任何事情我希望可以這個可以帶回的,我希望它是為小孩子而設計的。
05:04
It's really important重要. Using運用 applications應用 is OK,
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這實在非常重要,使用應用程式是OK的,
05:08
but programming程序設計 is absolutely絕對 fundamental基本的.
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但是撰寫程式語言是基礎的
05:11
This is being存在 launched推出 with three languages語言 in it: Squeak, Logo商標, and
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我們以三種語言同步推出,Squeak語言,Logo語言,
05:15
a third第三, that I've never even seen看到 before.
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第三種,我從來沒有見過這樣作法,
05:17
The point being存在, this is going to be very, very intensive集約 on the programming程序設計 side.
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重點是,這對程式端的要求將會非常緊要
05:20
This photograph照片 is very important重要 because it's much later後來.
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這張照片非常重要,因為這張比起前面那張又更晚近,
05:24
This is in the early 2000s. My son兒子, Dimitri迪米特里 -- who's誰是 here,
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這在2000年稍早,我的兒子Dimitri
05:29
many許多 of you know Dimitri迪米特里 -- went to Cambodia柬埔寨, set up this school學校
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你們當中很多認識Dimitri,他跑去柬埔寨,設立這所學校。
05:33
that we had built內置, just as the school學校 connected連接的 it to the Internet互聯網.
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那時,這所學校才剛剛連上網際網路,
05:36
And these kids孩子 had their laptops筆記本電腦. But it was really what spirited烈性 this,
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而這些小孩擁有了他們自己的筆記型電腦,
05:42
plus the influence影響 of Joe and others其他. We started開始 One Laptop筆記本電腦 per Child兒童.
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加上Joe跟其他人的影響,我們開始One Laptop Per Child計畫,
05:46
This is the same相同 village in Cambodia柬埔寨, just a couple一對 of months個月 ago.
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這些是柬埔寨相同的村莊,剛剛幾個月前
05:51
These kids孩子 are real真實 pros利弊. There were just 7,000 machines out there
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這些小孩真的非常棒。那而現在有七千台機器。
05:55
being存在 tested測試 by kids孩子. Being存在 a nonprofit非營利性 is absolutely絕對 fundamental基本的.
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是由小孩測試。所以作為一個非營利機構是絕對基本的。
06:01
Everybody每個人 advised建議 me not to be a nonprofit非營利性, but they were all wrong錯誤.
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每個人建議我不要做非營利機構,但是他們都錯了,
06:05
And the reason原因 being存在 a nonprofit非營利性 is important重要 is actually其實 twofold雙重.
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作為非營利組織,是重要,理由有雙重,
06:09
There are many許多 reasons原因, but the two that merit值得 the little bit of time is:
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有很多理由,但時間有限,要感謝的有兩點
06:12
one, the clarity明晰 of purpose目的 is there. The moral道德 purpose目的 is clear明確.
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一,有明確的目標,道德目標是非常清楚的。
06:17
I can see any head of state, any executive行政人員 I want, at any time, because
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我可以見到任何國家的領袖,任何我想見到的高階經理人,在任何時間,因為
06:21
I'm not selling銷售 laptops筆記本電腦. OK? I have no shareholders股東.
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我不是在賣筆記型電腦,對吧?我沒有股東。
06:25
Whether是否 we sell, it doesn't make any difference區別 whatsoever任何.
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毫無疑問,我們是不是在賣電腦都不會有甚麼影響,
06:28
The clarity明晰 of purpose目的 is absolutely絕對 critical危急. And the second第二 is very counterintuitive有悖常理 --
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明確的目標是絕對重要的。其次,非常直覺的。
06:34
you can get the best最好 people in the world世界.
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你可以得到全世界最好的人才來幫你。
06:37
If you look at our professional專業的 services服務, including包含 search搜索 firms公司,
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如果你來看我的專業服務,包括搜尋,
06:41
including包含 communications通訊, including包含 legal法律 services服務, including包含 banking銀行業,
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包括媒體公關服務,包括法律服務,包括金融,
06:45
they're all pro bono波諾. And it's not to save保存 money.
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他們都是為慈善機構和窮人提供免費專業服務。做這些不是為了錢。
06:49
We've我們已經 got money in the bank銀行. It's because you get the best最好 people.
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我們的確賺到了,那是因為你找到最棒的人,
06:52
You get the people who are doing it because they believe in the mission任務,
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你得到這些人,是因為他們相信這個使命,
06:55
and they're the best最好 people.
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而他們是最佳人選。
06:57
We couldn't不能 afford給予 to hire聘請 a CFO首席財務官. We put out a job工作 description描述 for a CFO首席財務官 at zero salary薪水,
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我們請不起財務長,我們刊登了一個無薪金的CFO工作簡介,
07:02
and we had a queue隊列 of people.
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而我們有了一個團隊的成員。
07:05
It allows允許 you to team球隊 up with people. The U.N.'s not going to be
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這項計畫可以讓你們自成團隊。聯合國也不會成為
07:08
our partner夥伴 if we're profit利潤 making製造. So announcing宣布 this with Kofi科菲 Annan安南
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我們的夥伴,如果我們要賺錢的話。所以與安南理事長一起宣布
07:11
was very important重要, and the U.N. allowed允許 us
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是非常重要的,而聯合國也讓我們
07:14
to basically基本上 reach達到 all the countries國家. And this was the machine we were showing展示
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基本上接觸到所有的國家。而這個是我們展示的機器
07:20
before I met會見 Yves伊夫 Behar貝哈爾.
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在我遇到Yves Behar之前所展示的
07:22
And while this machine in some sense is silly愚蠢,
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而當這個機器在某種感覺上是愚笨的
07:26
in retrospect回想起來, it actually其實 served提供服務 a very important重要 purpose目的.
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回顧來看,它事實上有一個相當重要的用途
07:28
That pencil-yellow鉛筆黃色 crank曲柄 was remembered記得 by everybody每個人.
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那個黃色的搖桿被每個人記住
07:33
Everybody每個人 remembered記得 the pencil-yellow鉛筆黃色 crank曲柄. It's different不同.
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每個人記住這個黃色搖桿,它是與眾不同的
07:36
It was getting得到 its power功率 in a different不同 way. It's kind of childlike孩子似的.
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它透過與眾不同的方式,取得它的影響力。這是小孩子喜歡的種類。
07:39
Even though雖然 this wasn't the direction方向 we went because the crank曲柄 --
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儘管這不是我們設計搖桿的初衷,因為這個搖桿
07:43
it really is stupid to have it on board, by the way.
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順帶一提,把它裝在主機板上,實在非常愚笨
07:45
In spite儘管 of what some people in the press don't get it, didn't understand理解 it,
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儘管某些媒體上的朋友不知道,不瞭解,
07:48
we didn't take it off because we didn't want to do --
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我們沒有因此就拿掉它,因為我們不想這麼作,
07:52
having it on the laptop筆記本電腦 itself本身 is really not what you want.
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把它裝在筆記型電腦上,真的不是你所想像的
07:55
You want a separate分離 thing, like the ACAC adaptor適配器.
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你希望那是單獨分開的東西,就像電源供應器,
07:58
I didn't bring帶來 one with me, but they really work much better off-board離板.
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我現在沒帶過來,但是他們真得是不錯
08:02
And then, I could tell you lots about the laptop筆記本電腦, but I decided決定 on just four things.
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然而我可能跟你說太多筆記型電腦了,不過我還是要跟你說四點
08:07
Just keep in mind心神 -- because there are other people, including包含 Bill法案 Gates蓋茨,
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只是要記住,因為還有其他人,包括比爾蓋茲,
08:11
who said, "Gee嘖嘖, you've got a real真實 computer電腦."
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他們說,「哇,你拿到一個真的電腦耶。」
08:14
That computer電腦 is unlike不像 anything you've had, and does things --
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這個電腦不像任何你曾經擁有過的東西,並且以你沒見過的方式工作
08:17
there are four of them --
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其中有四點
08:19
that you don't come close to. And it's very important重要 to be low power功率,
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首先,做到省電非常重要
08:22
and I hope希望 that's picked採摘的 up more by the industry行業.
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而我也希望這個做法更被業界採用
08:25
That the reason原因 that you want to be below下面 two watts is
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這就是為什麼你會想做到低於兩瓦特的原因
08:28
that's roughly大致 what you can generate生成 with your upper body身體.
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那大概是你可以利用你的身體的方法
08:31
Dual-mode雙模式 display顯示 -- that sunlight陽光 display's顯示器的 fantastic奇妙.
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雙模顯示---讓顯示器顯得非常奇妙
08:33
We were using運用 it at lunch午餐 today今天 in the sunlight陽光, and the more sunlight陽光 the better.
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今天午餐時,我們在日光下使用這個產品,陽光愈足愈好。
08:36
And that was really critical危急. The mesh網孔 network網絡, it'll它會 become成為 commonplace平凡.
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而那其實很關鍵。Mesh網絡,它將變得普遍。
08:40
And of course課程, "rugged崎嶇" goes without saying.
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當然,不用說
08:43
And the reason原因 I think design設計 matters事項 isn't because I wanted to go to art藝術 school學校.
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我認為設計重要,並不是因為我想過去念藝術學校。
08:46
And by the way, when I graduated畢業 from MITMIT,
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順帶一提,當我從MIT畢業,
08:49
I thought the worst最差 and silliest最愚蠢的 thing to do would be to go to Paris巴黎 for six years年份. (Laughter笑聲)
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我想最糟跟最笨的事情,大概就是我真的跑去巴黎六年。
08:52
So, I didn't do that. But design設計 matters事項 for a number of reasons原因.
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所以我沒有去巴黎。但是設計很重要,有很多理由,
08:56
The most important重要 being存在 that it is the best最好 way to make an inexpensive便宜 product產品.
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最重要的是,它是做出最不昂貴產品的最好方法。
09:00
Most people make inexpensive便宜 products製品 by taking服用 cheap低廉 design設計,
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多數人做得出低價產品,因為他們採取廉價的設計
09:04
cheap低廉 labor勞動, cheap低廉 components組件, and making製造 a cheap低廉 laptop筆記本電腦.
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廉價勞工、便宜的元件,所以做出一個低價電腦
09:08
And, in English英語, the word "cheap低廉" has
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但是在英文當中,cheap有
09:11
a double meaning含義, which哪一個 is really appropriate適當,
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雙重涵義,其他一個是適當的價格
09:14
because it's cheap低廉, in the pejorative貶義 sense, as well as inexpensive便宜.
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因為它是便宜的,有貶抑的意思,同時也是廉價的
09:18
But if you take a different不同 approach途徑, and you think of very large-scale大規模 integration積分,
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但是如果你採用不同的方式,而你從宏觀面來整合思考
09:22
very advanced高級 materials物料, very advanced高級 manufacturing製造業 --
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非常先進的材料、非常先進的製造
09:25
so you're pouring澆注 chemicals化學製品 in one end結束, iPodsiPod播放器 are spewing噴湧 out the other --
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所以你從一方注入化學材料,另一方做出iPod
09:27
and really cool design設計, that's what we wanted to do.
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實在是非常酷的設計,那也是我們想做的事
09:31
And I can race種族 through通過 these and save保存 a lot of time because
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而我能夠來做這些,並且可以省下很多時間,因為
09:33
Yves伊夫 and I obviously明顯 didn't compare比較 notes筆記.
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Yves和我顯然沒有對照過彼此的筆記
09:36
These are his slides幻燈片, and so I don't have to talk about them.
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這些是他的簡報檔,所以我不準備來說這些東西
09:40
But it was really, to us, very important重要 as a strategy戰略.
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但是它對我們來說,真的是一個重要的發展策略
09:46
It wasn't just to kind of make it cute可愛, because somebody --
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它並不只是做一個可愛的作品,因為有些人
09:50
you know, good design設計 is very important重要.
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你知道,好的設計是非常重要的
09:52
Yves伊夫 showed顯示 one of the power-generating發電 devices設備.
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Yves秀出一個電力供應裝置
09:57
The mesh網孔 network網絡, the reason原因 I -- and I won't慣於 go into it in great detail詳情 --
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Mesh網絡,我將不會詳述這一點
10:02
but when we deliver交付 laptops筆記本電腦 to kids孩子 in the remotest偏遠的 and poorest最窮 parts部分 of the world世界,
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但是當我們將電腦交到世上最遙遠與最貧窮的小孩手上
10:05
they're connected連接的. There's not just laptops筆記本電腦.
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他們與世界取得聯繫,擁有的將不只是那台電腦,
10:08
And so, we have to drop下降 in satellite衛星 dishes碗碟. We put in generators發電機.
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所以我們必須裝進衛星小碟子,我們放入發電裝置
10:11
It's a lot of stuff東東 that goes behind背後 these. These can talk to each other.
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在這之後還有很多東西,它們之間可以彼此對話
10:14
If you're in a desert沙漠, they can talk to each other about two kilometers公里 apart距離.
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如果你在沙漠中,它們可以彼此對話,約距離兩公哩,
10:18
If you're in the jungle叢林, it's about 500 meters. So if a kid孩子 bicycles自行車 home,
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如果你在叢林中,那個距離將會是五百米。所以如果小孩騎腳踏車回家,
10:22
or walks散步 a few少數 miles英里, they're going to be off the grid, so to speak說話.
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或者走路回家,他們將會離線,所以說來
10:25
They're not going to be near another另一個 laptop筆記本電腦,
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它們將不是靠近另一台電腦,
10:28
so you have to nail these onto a tree, and sort分類 of, get it.
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所以你必須要將這些綁上樹,某些像是這類的作法。
10:31
You don't call VerizonVerizon公司 or Sprint短跑. You build建立 your own擁有 network網絡.
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你沒辦法打電話給電信公司,你必須建立起你自己的網路
10:35
And that's very important重要, the user用戶 interface接口.
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而使用者介面將非常重要
10:38
We are launching發射 with 18 keyboards鍵盤. English英語 is by far the minority少數民族.
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我們推出18個鍵盤,英文現在還是少數
10:42
Latin拉丁 is relatively相對 rare罕見, too. You just look at some of the languages語言.
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拉丁文則又更罕見。你只是看到一些語言。
10:45
I'm willing願意 to suspect疑似 some of you hadn't有沒有 even heard聽說 of them before.
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我想你們之中甚至很少聽過那些語言
10:49
Is there anybody任何人 in the room房間, one person, unless除非 you work with OLPCOLPC,
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在這個房間中的任一人,只要有一個人,除非你是跟OLPC一起做事
10:54
is there anybody任何人 in the room房間 that can tell me what language語言
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在座的有沒有人可以告訴我這是甚麼語言
10:57
the keyboard鍵盤 is that's on the screen屏幕? There's only one hand -- so you get it.
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螢幕上的是鍵盤嗎?這還只是其中一面而已
11:03
Yes, you're right. He's right. It's Amharic阿姆哈拉語,
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是,你對了,他也對了,這是衣索匹亞官方語言Amharic語言。
11:07
it's Ethiopian埃塞俄比亞. In Ethiopia埃塞俄比亞, there's never been a keyboard鍵盤.
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這是衣索匹亞語。在衣索匹亞,從來沒有過鍵盤。
11:10
There is no keyboard鍵盤 standard標準 because there's no market市場.
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這裡沒有鍵盤標準,因為沒有市場存在。
11:13
And this is the big difference區別.
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這是最大的不同。
11:16
Again, when you're a nonprofit非營利性, you look at children孩子 as a mission任務, not as a market市場.
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我要重申的是,當你是非營利,你看待小孩如同你的使命,不是一個市場。
11:19
So we went to Ethiopia埃塞俄比亞, and we helped幫助 them make a keyboard鍵盤.
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所以當我們來到衣索匹亞,我們協助他們製作出一個鍵盤,
11:23
And this will become成為 the standard標準 Ethiopian埃塞俄比亞 keyboard鍵盤.
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而這將成為衣索匹亞標準鍵盤。
11:26
So what I want to end結束 with is sort分類 of what we're doing to roll it out.
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所以我想做的是,最終我們能夠做到的某種程度
11:29
And we changed strategy戰略 completely全然. I decided決定 at the beginning開始 --
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我們完全地改變策略,我在一開始決定
11:32
it was a pretty漂亮 good thing to decide決定 in the beginning開始,
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在一開始就想清楚要怎麼作是非常棒的事情
11:35
it's not what we're doing now -- is to go to six countries國家.
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但是跟我們現在作的不同---我們要去六個國家
11:38
Big countries國家, one of them is not so big, but it's rich豐富.
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大國,它們之中可能不是這麼大,但是富有
11:41
Here's這裡的 the six. We went to the six,
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這裡這六個國家,我們也去了這六個國家
11:44
and in each case案件 the head of state said he would do it, he'd他會 do a million百萬.
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然後每個個案中,每個國家的領袖都說要做,一作都要一百萬台。
11:47
In the case案件 of Gaddafi卡扎菲, he'd他會 do 1.2 million百萬, and that they would launch發射 it.
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利比亞的格達費,他要120萬台,然後他們要推出這個產品。
11:51
We thought, this is exactly究竟 the right strategy戰略, get it out,
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我們想,這正是正確的策略,所以我們就做了。
11:55
and then the little countries國家 could sort分類 of piggyback捎帶 on these big countries國家.
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然後一些比較小的國家可以負擔一些數量。
11:57
And so I went to each of those countries國家
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所以我每一個國家都去拜訪
12:00
at least最小 six times, met會見 with the head of state probably大概 two or three times.
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至少六次,拜訪每個國家的領袖兩到三次,
12:03
In each case案件, got the ministers部長, went through通過 a lot of the stuff東東.
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在每一個個案中,見到行政團隊,說明很多相關事項。
12:06
This was a period in my life where I was traveling旅行 330 days per year.
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這是我的人生中,每年330天都在飛機上、旅途中。
12:09
Not something you'd envy羨慕 or want to do.
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這並不是你會羨慕或者想要做的事情。
12:12
In the case案件 of Libya利比亞, it was a lot of fun開玩笑 meeting會議 Gaddafi卡扎菲 in his tent帳篷.
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舉利比亞的例子來說,在帳篷拜會格達費實在非常有趣。
12:17
The camel駱駝 smells氣味 were unbelievable難以置信的.
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駱駝聞起來非常難以置信。
12:20
And it was 45 degrees C. I mean, this was not
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然後是45度的高溫,真的,這不是
12:24
what you'd call a cool experience經驗. And former前任的 countries國家 --
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你所謂的很酷的經歷。之前提到的國家 --
12:28
I say former前任的, because none沒有 of them really came來了 through通過 this summer夏季 --
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我之前說的,因為他們沒能在這個夏天做到。
12:30
there was a big difference區別 between之間 getting得到 a head of state
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跟國家元首有機會拍照
12:34
to have a photo照片 opportunity機會, make a press release發布.
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和做個新聞發佈有很大分別,
12:36
So we went to smaller ones那些. Uruguay烏拉圭, bless保佑 their hearts心中.
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所以我們來到比較小的國家,烏拉圭,上帝保佑他們。
12:39
Small country國家, not so rich豐富. President主席 said he'd他會 do it, and guess猜測 what?
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小國,並不富有。總統說他想做,猜猜看?
12:42
He did do it. The tender投標 had nothing in it that related有關 to us,
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他真的做到了。帳篷內的東西沒有一樣跟我們有關,
12:46
nothing specific具體 about sunlight-readable陽光下可讀, mesh-network網狀網絡, low-power低電量,
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沒有太陽能、Mesh網絡、省電,
12:49
but just a vanilla香草 laptop筆記本電腦 proposal提案.
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但僅有一個香草顏色筆記本電腦的提案。
12:52
And guess猜測 what? We won韓元 it hands down.
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然而猜猜看怎樣?我們贏得該項標案。
12:54
When it was announced公佈 that they were going to do every一切 child兒童 in Uruguay烏拉圭,
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當這項消息宣布時,他們正在烏拉圭作同樣的事情。
12:58
the first 100,000, boom繁榮, went to OLPCOLPC.
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第一批10萬台,讓每個小朋友都有一台電腦。
13:00
The next下一個 day -- the next下一個 day, not even 24 hours小時 had passed通過 -- in Peru秘魯,
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隔天,就在隔天,甚至還不到24小時,在祕魯
13:03
the president主席 of Peru秘魯 said, "We'll do 250." And boom繁榮, a little domino骨牌 effect影響.
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秘魯總統說,我們將作到250萬台。然後一下子,轟地一聲,像是骨牌效應,
13:06
The president主席 of Rwanda盧旺達 stepped加強 in and said he would do it.
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盧安達總統接著也說,他也要參加。
13:09
The president主席 of Ethiopia埃塞俄比亞 said he would do it.
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衣索匹亞的總統說,他也要參與。
13:12
And boom繁榮, boom繁榮, boom繁榮. The president主席 of Mongolia蒙古.
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所以,一下子,群起響應,蒙古總統也出現了。
13:14
And so what happens發生 is, these things start開始 to happen發生 with these countries國家 --
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所以,接下來發生的事,相關的這些工作開始在這些國家展開,
13:17
still not enough足夠.
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但是仍然還不夠,
13:19
Add up all those countries國家, it didn't quite相當 get to thing, so we said,
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加上所有這些國家,並沒有準備好要做這些事情,所以我們說,
13:24
"Let's start開始 a program程序 in the United聯合的 States狀態." So, end結束 of August八月, early September九月,
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『讓我們在美國開始一個計畫。』大約在八月底、九月初,
13:29
we decide決定 to do this. We announced公佈 it near the middle中間, end結束 --
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我們決定行動。我們在年中接近年底的時候宣布,
13:32
just when the Clinton克林頓 Initiative倡議 was taking服用 place地點.
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剛剛好是柯林頓基金會剛剛成立的時候,
13:35
We thought that was a good time to announce宣布 it.
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我們認為那是一個宣布的好時機。
13:37
Launched推出 it on the 12 of November十一月.
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我們在11月12日推出產品,
13:40
We said it would be just for a short period until直到 the 26. We've我們已經 extended擴展 it until直到 the 31.
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我們說,到11月26日為止,這是一個短期計畫。後來我們把它延續到31日。
13:45
And the "Give One, Get One" program程序 is really important重要 because
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而這個買二捐一的活動,是非常重要的,因為
13:49
it got a lot of people absolutely絕對 interested有興趣.
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顯然有很多人感興趣。
13:54
The first day it was just wild野生. And then we said,
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活動開始第一天就像是一陣旋風,然後我們說,
13:59
"Well, let's get people to give many許多. Not just one, and get one,
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好吧,讓人們可以給予更多台電腦,而不只是買二捐一而已。
14:03
but maybe give 100, give 1,000." And that's where you come in.
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也許是給予一百台,也許是給予一千台。那就是你們來到這裡。
14:07
And that's where I think it's very important重要. I don't want you all to go out and
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這就是我覺得非常重要的地方。我不想你們去
14:10
buy購買 400 dollars美元 worth價值 of laptops筆記本電腦. Okay? Do it, but that's not going to help. Okay?
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買一台400美元的筆電,好吧?去做吧,但是這樣不會有任何幫助的,對吧?
14:16
If everybody每個人 in this room房間 goes out tonight今晚 and orders命令 one of these things for 400 dollars美元,
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如果在座的每個人,今晚出去以後,訂購了這些電腦,400塊錢,
14:19
whatever隨你 it is, 300 people in the room房間 doing it -- yeah, great.
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無論如何,在座的300個人如此,是,那就非常棒。
14:23
I want you do something else其他.
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我希望你們做一些別的事情。
14:26
And it's not to go out and buy購買 100 or 1,000, though雖然,
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然而並不是叫你們出去買一百台或一千台。
14:29
I invite邀請 you to do that, and 10,000 would be even better.
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雖然我歡迎你們這樣做的話,一萬台的話將會更棒。
14:32
Tell people about it! It's got to become成為 viral病毒, OK?
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我希望你們去告訴人們這件事情,大家就都會知道,對吧?
14:36
Use your mailing郵件 lists名單. People in this room房間 have extraordinary非凡 mailing郵件 lists名單.
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善用你的通訊錄吧。在這裡的人們擁有非凡的朋友名單。
14:41
Get your friends朋友 to give one, get one.
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邀請你們的朋友參加買二捐一的活動。
14:44
And if each one of you sends發送 it to 300 or 400 people, that would be fantastic奇妙.
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如果你們之中的每個人都將訊息散發給三到四百人,那就太棒了。
14:48
I won't慣於 dwell on the pricing價錢 at all.
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我將不會花太多篇幅在價錢上。
14:51
Just to say that when you do the "Give One, Get One,"
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只是想說,當你們買二捐一時,
14:54
a lot of press is a bit about, "They didn't make it, it's 188 dollars美元, it's not 100."
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很多媒體報導說:『他們沒做到,那是188美元,不是100美元。』
14:59
It will be 100 in two years年份. It will go below下面 100.
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兩年內將會到100美元,也將會低於100美元。
15:03
We've我們已經 pledged承諾 not to add features特徵, but to bring帶來 that price價錢 down.
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我們宣布過不會增加功能,但是讓價格下降。
15:07
But it was the countries國家 that wanted it to go up, and
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但是那是國家們想讓價格往上走。
15:10
we let them push it up for all sorts排序 of reasons原因. So what you can do --
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我們讓他們可以有各種理由這樣做。但是你可以做的是
15:13
I've just said it. Don't just give one, get one.
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我說過,不要只是買二捐一
15:16
I just want to end結束 with one last one. This one is not even
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我最後想說的是,這個發生了還沒有
15:18
24-hours-小時 old, or maybe it's 24-hours-小時.
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24小時,或者剛剛發生了24小時。
15:21
The first kids孩子 got their laptops筆記本電腦. They got them by ship,
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第一批小孩透過船運,拿到他們的筆記本電腦。
15:25
and I'm talking now about 7,000, 8,000 at a time went out this week.
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我現在要說的是,這個禮拜一次要交出7千台、8千台。
15:28
They went to Uruguay烏拉圭, Peru秘魯, Mexico墨西哥.
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它們將會運到烏拉圭、秘魯、墨西哥。
15:33
And it's been slow coming未來, and we're only making製造 about 5,000 a week,
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不過交貨的速度有些緩和下來,我們將會一周作出5千台。
15:37
but we hope希望, we hope希望, sometime某時 in next下一個 year,
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但是我們衷心希望,在明年的某個階段,
15:42
maybe by the middle中間 of the year,
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也許是年中,
15:44
to hit擊中 a million百萬 a month. Now put that number,
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會一個月達到一百萬台,提到這個數字
15:48
and a million百萬 isn't so much. It's not a big number.
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一百萬台其實不多,甚至也不是甚麼大的數字。
15:50
We're selling銷售 a billion十億 cell細胞 phones手機 worldwide全世界 this year.
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我們今年全球賣出十億台手機。
15:53
But a million百萬 a month in laptop-land筆記本電腦土地 is a big number.
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但是一個月一百萬台筆電是一個大的數目。
15:56
And the world世界 production生產 today今天, everybody每個人 combined結合, making製造 laptops筆記本電腦,
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今天全世界的製造量,綜合每個公司的生產量,
16:00
is five million百萬 a month. So I'm standing常設 here telling告訴 you that sometime某時 next下一個 year,
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一個月是五百萬台。所以我站在這裡告訴你們,明年的某個階段,
16:04
we're going to make 20 percent百分 of the world世界 production生產.
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我們的出貨量將是全世界筆電產量的20%。
16:07
And if we do that, there are going to be a lot of lucky幸運 kids孩子 out there.
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如果我們做到了,就會有很多幸運的小孩。
16:11
And we hope希望 if you have EG例如 two years年份 from now,
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我們希望如果你們從現在起兩年後舉行EG會議的話,
16:15
or whenever每當 you have it again,
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或者不管你們甚麼再舉辦。
16:17
I won't慣於 have bad breath呼吸, and I will be invited邀請 back,
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我也不會讓人厭煩的話,也許我將會被邀請回來此地。
16:21
and will have, hopefully希望 by then, maybe 100 million百萬 out there to children孩子.
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希望那時,已經造福了一億個小朋友。
16:24
Thank you.
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謝謝大家
16:25
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by cangi tsai
Reviewed by Shelley Krishna R. TSANG

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Nicholas Negroponte - Tech visionary
The founder of the MIT Media Lab, Nicholas Negroponte pushed the edge of the information revolution as an inventor, thinker and angel investor. He's the driving force behind One Laptop per Child, building computers for children in the developing world.

Why you should listen

A pioneer in the field of computer-aided design, Negroponte founded (and was the first director of) MIT's Media Lab, which helped drive the multimedia revolution and now houses more than 500 researchers and staff across a broad range of disciplines. An original investor in Wired (and the magazine's "patron saint"), for five years he penned a column exploring the frontiers of technology -- ideas that he expanded into his 1995 best-selling book Being Digital. An angel investor extraordinaire, he's funded more than 40 startups, and served on the boards of companies such as Motorola and Ambient Devices.

But his latest effort, the One Laptop per Child project, may prove his most ambitious. The organization is designing, manufacturing and distributing low-cost, wireless Internet-enabled computers costing roughly $100 and aimed at children. Negroponte hopes to put millions of these devices in the hands of children in the developing world.

More profile about the speaker
Nicholas Negroponte | Speaker | TED.com