TEDxDePaulUniversity
Kelly Richmond Pope: How whistle-blowers shape history
Kelly Richmond Pope: Como os delatores moldam a história
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A pesquisadora de fraudes e documentarista Kelly Richmond Pope compartilha lições de alguns dos delatores do alto escalão do passado, explicando como eles compartilharam informações que moldaram a sociedade - e por que eles precisam de nossa confiança e proteção.
Kelly Richmond Pope - Fraud researcher, documentary filmmaker
Kelly Richmond Pope researches organizational misconduct, ethics and fraud. Full bio
Kelly Richmond Pope researches organizational misconduct, ethics and fraud. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
How many of us have ever seen something,
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Quantos de nós já viram alguma coisa,
00:16
thought that we should report it,
but decided not to?
but decided not to?
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pensaram em denunciá-la,
mas decidiram não o fazer?
mas decidiram não o fazer?
00:21
And not that I need
to see a show of hands,
to see a show of hands,
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E não que eu precise que levantem a mão,
00:23
but I'm sure this has happened
to someone in this room before.
to someone in this room before.
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mas tenho certeza que aconteceu
com alguém nesta sala antes.
com alguém nesta sala antes.
00:26
In fact, when this question
was asked to a group of employees,
was asked to a group of employees,
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De fato, quando essa pergunta foi feita
a um grupo de funcionários,
a um grupo de funcionários,
00:29
46 percent of them responded
by saying that they had seen something
by saying that they had seen something
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46% deles responderam
dizendo que tinham visto algo
dizendo que tinham visto algo
00:32
and decided not to report it.
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e decidiram não denunciar.
00:34
So if you raised your hand,
or quietly raised your hand,
or quietly raised your hand,
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Então, se vocês levantaram a mão
ou levantaram a mão discretamente,
ou levantaram a mão discretamente,
00:37
don't feel bad, you're not alone.
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não se sintam mal, não estão sozinhos.
00:40
This message of if you see something
to say something
to say something
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A mensagem: "Se você vir algo, diga algo"
00:43
is really all around us.
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está em todo lugar.
00:45
Even when driving down the highway,
you see billboards like this,
you see billboards like this,
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Mesmo dirigindo pela rodovia,
vemos cartazes como este,
vemos cartazes como este,
00:49
encouraging us to report crime
without revealing ourselves.
without revealing ourselves.
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encorajando-nos a denunciar
crimes sem nos revelarmos.
crimes sem nos revelarmos.
00:52
But I still feel like a lot of us
are really uncomfortable
are really uncomfortable
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Mas ainda sinto que muitos ficam
realmente desconfortáveis
realmente desconfortáveis
00:55
coming forward in the name of the truth.
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se apresentando em nome da verdade.
00:57
I'm an accounting professor,
and I do fraud research.
and I do fraud research.
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Sou professora de contabilidade
e pesquiso fraudes.
e pesquiso fraudes.
01:00
And in my class, I encourage my students
to come forward with information
to come forward with information
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Na minha aula, encorajo meus alunos
a se apresentarem com informações,
a se apresentarem com informações,
01:04
if they see it.
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se eles virem algo.
01:05
Or in other words, encouraging
my students to become whistle-blowers.
my students to become whistle-blowers.
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Ou em outras palavras, incentivo
meus alunos a se tornarem delatores.
meus alunos a se tornarem delatores.
01:09
But if I'm being completely
honest with myself,
honest with myself,
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Mas sendo totalmente honesta comigo mesma,
01:12
I am really conflicted with this message
that I'm sending to my students.
that I'm sending to my students.
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estou em conflito com essa mensagem
que estou enviando aos meus alunos.
que estou enviando aos meus alunos.
01:15
And here's why.
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E aqui está o porquê.
01:18
Whistle-blowers are under attack.
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Delatores estão sob ataque.
01:21
Headline after headline shows us this.
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As manchetes nos mostram isso.
01:25
Many people choose
not to become whistle-blowers
not to become whistle-blowers
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Muitas pessoas optam
por não se tornarem delatoras
por não se tornarem delatoras
01:28
due to the fear of retaliation.
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devido ao medo de retaliação.
01:30
From demotions to death threats,
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De rebaixamentos a ameaças de morte,
01:34
to job loss --
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à perda de emprego,
01:36
perpetual job loss.
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perda de emprego permanente.
01:38
Choosing to become a whistle-blower
is an uphill battle.
is an uphill battle.
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A escolha de se tornar
um delator é uma batalha difícil.
um delator é uma batalha difícil.
01:41
Their loyalty becomes into question.
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A lealdade se torna questionável.
01:44
Their motives, their trustworthiness.
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Os motivos, a confiabilidade.
01:47
So how can I, as a professor
who really cares about her students
who really cares about her students
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Como eu posso, sendo uma professora
que se importa com os alunos,
que se importa com os alunos,
01:51
encourage them to become whistle-blowers,
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incentivá-los a se tornarem delatores,
01:53
when I know how the world
truly feels about them?
truly feels about them?
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quando sei como o mundo
realmente se sente sobre eles?
realmente se sente sobre eles?
Um dia me preparava para a minha palestra
anual de delações com meus alunos.
anual de delações com meus alunos.
01:56
So, one day I was getting ready
for my annual whistle-blower lecture
for my annual whistle-blower lecture
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01:59
with my students.
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Trabalhava num artigo para a "Forbes"
02:01
And I was working
on an article for "Forbes,"
on an article for "Forbes,"
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intitulado: "Wells Fargo
e a delação da geração Y.
e a delação da geração Y.
02:03
entitled "Wells Fargo
and Millennial Whistle-blowing.
and Millennial Whistle-blowing.
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O que dizemos a eles?"
02:05
What Do We Tell Them?"
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E enquanto estava trabalhando
nisso e lendo sobre o caso,
nisso e lendo sobre o caso,
02:07
And as I was working on this piece
and reading about the case,
and reading about the case,
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02:10
I became outraged.
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fiquei indignada.
02:11
And what made me angry
was when I came to the fact and realized
was when I came to the fact and realized
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E o que me irritou foi quando percebi
02:15
that the employees
that tried to whistle-blow
that tried to whistle-blow
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que os funcionários que tentaram delatar
02:18
were actually fired.
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foram demitidos.
02:20
And it really made me think
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Isso realmente me fez pensar
na mensagem que eu estava
compartilhando com meus alunos.
compartilhando com meus alunos.
02:21
about the message
that I was sharing with my students.
that I was sharing with my students.
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02:24
And it made me think: What if my students
had been Wells Fargo employees?
had been Wells Fargo employees?
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Me fez pensar: "E se meus alunos
fossem funcionários da Wells Fargo?"
fossem funcionários da Wells Fargo?"
02:29
On the one hand, if they whistle-blew,
they would have gotten fired.
they would have gotten fired.
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Por um lado, se delatassem,
eles teriam sido demitidos.
eles teriam sido demitidos.
02:33
But on the other hand,
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Mas por outro lado,
02:34
if they didn't report
the frauds that they knew,
the frauds that they knew,
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se não denunciassem as fraudes
de que tinham conhecimento,
de que tinham conhecimento,
02:37
the way current regulation is written,
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pela regulamentação atual,
02:39
employees are held responsible
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os funcionários são responsabilizados
02:42
if they knew something
and didn't report it.
and didn't report it.
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se soubessem de algo e não o denunciassem.
02:44
So criminal prosecution is a real option.
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O processo criminal é uma opção real.
02:47
What's a person supposed to do
with those type of odds?
with those type of odds?
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O que uma pessoa deveria fazer
com esse tipo de probabilidade?
com esse tipo de probabilidade?
02:50
I of all people know
the valuable contributions
the valuable contributions
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Mais do que ninguém, conheço
as valiosas contribuições
as valiosas contribuições
02:54
that whistle-blowers make.
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que os delatores fazem.
02:56
In fact, most frauds
are discovered by them.
are discovered by them.
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Na verdade, a maioria das fraudes
é descoberta por eles.
é descoberta por eles.
02:59
Forty two percent of frauds
are discovered by a whistle-blower
are discovered by a whistle-blower
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São descobertas por um delator
42% das fraudes,
42% das fraudes,
em comparação com outros métodos,
03:02
in comparison to other methods,
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03:04
like measurement review
and external audit.
and external audit.
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como revisão de medição
e auditoria externa.
e auditoria externa.
03:07
And when you think
about some of the more classic
about some of the more classic
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E quando pensamos nos mais clássicos
ou históricos casos de fraude,
03:09
or historical fraud cases,
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03:11
it always is around a whistle-blower.
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é sempre em torno de um delator.
03:14
Think Watergate --
discovered by a whistle-blower.
discovered by a whistle-blower.
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Pensem no Watergate,
descoberto por um delator.
descoberto por um delator.
03:16
Think Enron -- discovered
by a whistle-blower.
by a whistle-blower.
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Pensem na Enron,
descoberta por um delator.
descoberta por um delator.
03:19
And who can forget about Bernard Madoff,
discovered by a whistle-blower?
discovered by a whistle-blower?
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E quem pode esquecer Bernard Madoff,
descoberto por um delator?
descoberto por um delator?
03:24
It takes a tremendous amount of courage
to come forward in the name of the truth.
to come forward in the name of the truth.
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É preciso uma enorme quantidade de coragem
para se apresentar em nome da verdade.
para se apresentar em nome da verdade.
03:28
But when we think
about the term whistle-blower,
about the term whistle-blower,
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Mas quando pensamos no termo delator,
03:31
we often think of some
very descriptive words:
very descriptive words:
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muitas vezes pensamos
em algumas palavras muito descritivas:
em algumas palavras muito descritivas:
03:35
rat,
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rato,
03:37
snake,
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cobra,
03:39
traitor,
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traidor,
03:40
tattletale, weasel.
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linguarudo, dedo-duro.
03:43
And those are the nice words,
the ones I can say from the stage.
the ones I can say from the stage.
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E essas são as palavras gentis,
as que eu posso dizer no palco.
as que eu posso dizer no palco.
03:46
And so when I'm not in class,
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Quando não estou em aula,
03:48
I go around the country
and I interview white-collar felons,
and I interview white-collar felons,
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viajo pelo país e entrevisto
criminosos de colarinho branco,
criminosos de colarinho branco,
03:51
whistle-blowers and victims of fraud.
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delatores e vítimas de fraude.
03:53
Because really I'm trying to understand
what makes them tick
what makes them tick
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Porque realmente estou tentando
entender o que os motiva
entender o que os motiva
03:56
and to bring those experiences
back into the classroom.
back into the classroom.
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e trazer essas experiências
de volta à sala de aula.
de volta à sala de aula.
03:59
But it's my interviews with
whistle-blowers that really stick with me.
whistle-blowers that really stick with me.
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Mas são minhas entrevistas com delatores
que realmente ficam comigo,
que realmente ficam comigo,
04:03
And they stick with me,
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e isso porque me fazem questionar
minha própria coragem.
minha própria coragem.
04:04
because they make me question
my own courage.
my own courage.
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04:07
When given the opportunity,
would I actually speak up?
would I actually speak up?
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Se tivesse a oportunidade,
eu realmente falaria?
eu realmente falaria?
04:11
And so, this is a couple stories
that I want to share with you.
that I want to share with you.
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E assim, estas são algumas histórias
que quero compartilhar.
que quero compartilhar.
04:14
This is Mary.
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Esta é Mary.
04:15
Mary Willingham is the whistle-blower
from the University of North Carolina
from the University of North Carolina
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Mary Willingham é a delatora
da Universidade da Carolina do Norte
da Universidade da Carolina do Norte
04:18
at Chapel Hill, academic fraud case.
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em Chapel Hill, caso de fraude acadêmica.
04:22
And Mary was a learning specialist
at the university,
at the university,
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Mary era especialista
em aprendizado na universidade
em aprendizado na universidade
04:25
and she worked with students,
primarily student athletes.
primarily student athletes.
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e trabalhava com estudantes,
principalmente atletas.
principalmente atletas.
04:28
And what she noticed,
when she was working with students,
when she was working with students,
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Ela percebeu, quando estava
trabalhando com os alunos,
trabalhando com os alunos,
04:31
is they were turning in term papers
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que eles estavam entregando
trabalhos acadêmicos
trabalhos acadêmicos
04:34
that seemed well beyond
their reading levels.
their reading levels.
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que pareciam bem além dos níveis
de compreensão de leitura deles.
de compreensão de leitura deles.
04:37
She started to ask a couple of questions
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Ela começou a fazer algumas perguntas
04:39
and she found out
that there was a database
that there was a database
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e descobriu que havia um banco de dados
04:41
where the student athletes
could retrieve papers and turn them in.
could retrieve papers and turn them in.
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em que os atletas podiam acessar
os trabalhos e entregá-los.
os trabalhos e entregá-los.
04:44
And then she found out
that some of her colleagues
that some of her colleagues
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E então ela descobriu
que alguns dos colegas dela
que alguns dos colegas dela
04:47
were funneling students into fake classes,
just to keep them eligible to play.
just to keep them eligible to play.
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mantinham estudantes em aulas falsas,
apenas para deixá-los aptos a jogar.
apenas para deixá-los aptos a jogar.
04:53
Now, when Mary found this out,
she was outraged.
she was outraged.
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Quando Mary descobriu, ficou indignada.
04:56
And so what she tried to do
was go to her direct supervisor.
was go to her direct supervisor.
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E então ela foi ao supervisor direto dela.
04:59
But they didn't do anything.
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Mas ele não fez nada.
05:01
And then Mary tried to go to some
internal university administrators.
internal university administrators.
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E então Mary tentou ir a alguns
administradores internos da universidade.
administradores internos da universidade.
05:04
And they didn't do anything.
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E não fizeram nada.
05:06
So, what happens when nobody listens?
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O que acontece quando ninguém escuta?
05:08
You blog.
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Você faz um blog.
05:10
So Mary decided to develop a blog.
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Então Mary decidiu desenvolver um blog,
o qual viralizou em 24 horas
o qual viralizou em 24 horas
05:12
Her blog went viral within 24 hours,
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05:14
and she was contacted by a reporter.
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e ela foi contatada por um repórter.
05:17
Now, when she was contacted
by this reporter,
by this reporter,
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E foi então que a identidade
dela foi revelada,
dela foi revelada,
05:19
her identity was known.
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05:21
She was exposed.
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e logo após ter sido exposta,
ela foi rebaixada,
ela foi rebaixada,
05:22
And when she was exposed,
she received a demotion,
she received a demotion,
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05:26
death threats, over collegiate sports.
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recebeu ameaças de morte,
por causa de esporte universitário.
por causa de esporte universitário.
05:30
Mary didn't do anything wrong.
She didn't participate in the fraud.
She didn't participate in the fraud.
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Mary não fez nada de errado;
não participou da fraude.
não participou da fraude.
05:34
She really thought
that she was giving voice
that she was giving voice
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Ela achou que estava dando oportunidade
de falar a alunos que não tinham nenhuma.
de falar a alunos que não tinham nenhuma.
05:36
to students that were voiceless.
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05:38
But her loyalty was questioned.
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Mas a lealdade dela foi questionada.
05:41
Her trustworthiness and her motives.
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A confiabilidade e os motivos dela.
05:45
Now, whistle-blowing
doesn't always have to end
doesn't always have to end
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A denúncia nem sempre tem que acabar
05:48
in demotions or death threats.
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em rebaixamento ou ameaça de morte.
05:50
Actually, in 2002, this was
the cover of "Time" magazine,
the cover of "Time" magazine,
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Na verdade, em 2002,
esta foi a capa da revista "Time",
esta foi a capa da revista "Time",
05:54
where we were actually honoring
three brave whistle-blowers
three brave whistle-blowers
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na qual três bravas delatoras
foram homenageadas
foram homenageadas
05:57
for their decision to come forward
in the name of the truth.
in the name of the truth.
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pela decisão de se apresentarem
em nome da verdade.
em nome da verdade.
06:00
And when you look at the research,
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E quando vemos a pesquisa,
06:02
22 percent of whistle-blowers
actually report retaliation.
actually report retaliation.
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22% dos delatores relatam retaliação.
06:06
So there is a huge population of people
that report and are not retaliated against
that report and are not retaliated against
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Portanto, há muita gente
que denuncia e não é retaliada,
que denuncia e não é retaliada,
06:11
and that gives me hope.
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e isso me dá esperança.
06:14
So this is Kathe.
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Esta é Kathe.
06:15
Kathe Swanson is a retired city clerk
from the city of Dixon.
from the city of Dixon.
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Kathe Swanson é funcionária
aposentada da prefeitura de Dixon.
aposentada da prefeitura de Dixon.
06:20
And one day, Kathe was doing her job,
just like she always did,
just like she always did,
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Um dia, Kathe estava fazendo
o trabalho dela, como sempre fazia,
o trabalho dela, como sempre fazia,
06:24
and she stumbled upon
a pretty interesting case.
a pretty interesting case.
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e se deparou com um caso bem interessante.
06:27
See, Kathe was at the end of the month,
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Era final do mês,
06:29
and she was doing
her treasures report for the city,
her treasures report for the city,
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e ela fazia o relatório da tesouraria
para a prefeitura
para a prefeitura
06:32
and typically, her boss, Rita Crundwell,
gave her a list of accounts and said,
gave her a list of accounts and said,
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e, como sempre, sua chefe, Rita Crundwell,
deu a ela uma lista de contas e disse:
deu a ela uma lista de contas e disse:
06:36
"Kathe, call the bank
and get these specific accounts."
and get these specific accounts."
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"Kathe, ligue para o banco
e obtenha essas contas específicas".
e obtenha essas contas específicas".
06:39
And Kathe did her job.
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E Kathe fez o trabalho dela.
06:41
But this particular day,
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Mas nesse dia em particular,
06:42
Rita was out of town, and Kathe was busy.
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Rita estava fora da cidade
e Kathe estava ocupada.
e Kathe estava ocupada.
06:45
She picks up the phone, she calls the bank
and says, "Fax me all of the accounts."
and says, "Fax me all of the accounts."
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Ela telefonou para o banco e disse:
"Envie-me todas as contas por fax".
"Envie-me todas as contas por fax".
06:50
And when she gets the fax,
she sees that there is an account
she sees that there is an account
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E quando recebeu o fax,
ela viu que havia uma conta
ela viu que havia uma conta
06:53
that has some withdrawals
and deposits in it
and deposits in it
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que tinha algumas retiradas
e depósitos que ela não reconhecia.
e depósitos que ela não reconhecia.
06:55
that she did not know about.
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06:57
It was an account controlled only by Rita.
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Era uma conta controlada apenas por Rita.
07:00
So Kathe looked at the information,
she reported it to her direct supervisor,
she reported it to her direct supervisor,
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Kathe olhou para a informação,
relatou ao supervisor direto dela,
relatou ao supervisor direto dela,
07:04
which was then-mayor Burke,
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que era o então prefeito Burke,
07:06
and this led into a huge investigation,
a six-month investigation.
a six-month investigation.
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e isso levou a uma enorme
investigação de seis meses.
investigação de seis meses.
07:11
Come to find out, Kathe's boss,
Rita Crundwell, was embezzling money.
Rita Crundwell, was embezzling money.
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Descobriram que a chefe de Kathe,
Rita Crundwell, estava desviando dinheiro.
Rita Crundwell, estava desviando dinheiro.
07:16
Rita was embezzling 53 million dollars
over a 20-year period,
over a 20-year period,
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Rita desviou US$ 53 milhões
ao longo de um período de 20 anos
ao longo de um período de 20 anos
07:21
and Kathe just happened
to stumble upon it.
to stumble upon it.
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e Kathe acabou se deparando com isso.
07:25
Kathe is a hero.
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Kathe é uma heroína.
07:28
And actually, I had the opportunity
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E, na verdade, tive a oportunidade
07:29
of interviewing Kathe for my documentary,
"All the Queen's Horses."
"All the Queen's Horses."
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de entrevistá-la para o meu documentário:
"All the Queen's Horses".
"All the Queen's Horses".
07:33
And Kathe wasn't seeking fame.
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E Kathe não estava buscando fama.
07:35
In fact, she really didn't want
to talk to me for a really long time,
to talk to me for a really long time,
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Na verdade, ela realmente não quis
falar comigo por um bom tempo,
falar comigo por um bom tempo,
07:39
but through strategic stalking,
she ended up doing the interview.
she ended up doing the interview.
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mas com perseguição estratégica,
acabou fazendo a entrevista.
acabou fazendo a entrevista.
(Risos)
07:42
(Laughter)
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Ela estava buscando justiça, não fama.
07:43
But she was seeking fairness, not fame.
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07:45
And if it wasn't for Kathe,
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E se não fosse por Kathe,
07:47
who's to say this fraud
would have ever been discovered?
would have ever been discovered?
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quem pode dizer se essa fraude
teria sido descoberta?
teria sido descoberta?
07:51
So, remember that "Forbes" article
I was talking about,
I was talking about,
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Lembram-se do artigo
da "Forbes" que falei,
da "Forbes" que falei,
com o qual trabalhei
antes da minha palestra?
antes da minha palestra?
07:53
that I was working on before my lecture?
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07:55
Well, I posted it and something
really fantastic happened.
really fantastic happened.
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Bem, eu o publiquei e algo
realmente fantástico aconteceu.
realmente fantástico aconteceu.
07:59
I started receiving emails
from whistle-blowers all over the world.
from whistle-blowers all over the world.
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Comecei a receber e-mails
de delatores do mundo todo.
de delatores do mundo todo.
08:04
And as I was receiving these emails
and responding back to them,
and responding back to them,
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Enquanto recebia
e respondia esses e-mails,
e respondia esses e-mails,
08:07
there was a common theme
in the message that I received,
in the message that I received,
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havia um tema comum nas mensagens,
08:10
and this is what it was:
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que era:
08:11
they all said this, "I blew the whistle,
people really hate me now.
people really hate me now.
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"Eu denunciei, as pessoas
realmente me odeiam agora.
realmente me odeiam agora.
08:15
I got fired, but guess what?
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Fui demitido, mas adivinhe?
08:18
I would do it all over again if I could."
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Faria tudo de novo se pudesse".
08:21
And so as I kept reading this message,
all these messages,
all these messages,
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E conforme continuei lendo
todas essas mensagens,
todas essas mensagens,
08:24
I wanted to think,
what could I share with my students?
what could I share with my students?
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pensava: "O que eu poderia
compartilhar com meus alunos?"
compartilhar com meus alunos?"
08:27
And so, I pulled it all together
and this is what I learned.
and this is what I learned.
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E assim, juntei tudo e eis o que aprendi.
08:31
It's important for us to cultivate hope.
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É importante cultivar esperança.
08:34
Whistle-blowers are hopeful.
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Delatores são esperançosos.
08:36
Despite popular belief,
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Apesar da crença popular,
08:37
they're not all disgruntled employees
that have a beef with the company.
that have a beef with the company.
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não são funcionários descontentes
que têm queixas contra a empresa.
que têm queixas contra a empresa.
08:42
Their hopefulness really is
what drives them to come forward.
what drives them to come forward.
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A esperança deles é realmente
o que os leva a se apresentar.
o que os leva a se apresentar.
08:46
We also have to cultivate commitment.
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Também devemos cultivar o comprometimento.
08:48
Whistle-blowers are committed.
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Delatores são comprometidos.
08:50
And it's that passion
to their organization
to their organization
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E é essa dedicação à organização deles
08:53
that makes them want to come forward.
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que os faz quererem se apresentar.
08:55
Whistle-blowers are humble.
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Delatores são humildes.
08:57
Again, they're not seeking fame,
but they are seeking fairness.
but they are seeking fairness.
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Mais uma vez, eles não estão
buscando fama, e sim justiça.
buscando fama, e sim justiça.
09:01
And we need to continue
to cultivate bravery.
to cultivate bravery.
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Precisamos continuar cultivando a coragem.
09:04
Whistle-blowers are brave.
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Delatores são corajosos.
09:05
Often, they underestimated
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Muitas vezes, eles subestimaram
09:09
the impact whistle-blowing
had on their family,
had on their family,
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o impacto da denúncia na família deles,
09:12
but what they continue to comment on
is how hard it is to withhold the truth.
is how hard it is to withhold the truth.
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mas continuaram dizendo o quanto
é difícil esconder a verdade.
é difícil esconder a verdade.
09:17
With that, I want to leave you
with one additional name:
with one additional name:
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Com isso, quero deixar vocês
com mais um nome:
com mais um nome:
09:20
Peter Buxtun.
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Peter Buxtun.
09:23
Peter Buxtun was a 27-year-old
employee for the US Public Health Service.
employee for the US Public Health Service.
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Peter Buxtun era um empregado de 27 anos
do Serviço de Saúde Pública dos EUA.
do Serviço de Saúde Pública dos EUA.
09:29
And he was hired to interview people
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Foi contratado para entrevistar pessoas
09:33
that had sexually transmitted diseases.
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com doenças sexualmente transmissíveis.
09:35
And through the course of his work,
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No curso do trabalho dele,
09:37
he noticed a clinical study
that was going on within the organization.
that was going on within the organization.
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notou um estudo clínico que estava
acontecendo dentro da organização.
acontecendo dentro da organização.
09:41
And it was a study that was looking
at the progression of untreated syphilis.
at the progression of untreated syphilis.
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Era um estudo que analisava
a progressão da sífilis não tratada.
a progressão da sífilis não tratada.
09:45
And so, there were
600 African American males
600 African American males
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Havia 600 homens afro-americanos
09:48
that were in this study.
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que estavam neste estudo.
09:49
They were enticed into the study
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Eles foram atraídos para o estudo
09:51
through being given
free medical exams, burial insurance.
free medical exams, burial insurance.
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ao receber exames médicos
gratuitos e seguro funeral.
gratuitos e seguro funeral.
09:55
And so, what happened
through the course of this study,
through the course of this study,
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E assim, no decorrer deste estudo,
09:59
is penicillin was discovered
to help treat syphilis.
to help treat syphilis.
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descobriram que a penicilina
ajudava a tratar a sífilis.
ajudava a tratar a sífilis.
10:04
And what Peter noticed was,
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E Peter notou que os participantes
deste estudo não receberam a penicilina
deste estudo não receberam a penicilina
10:06
the participants in this study
were not given the penicillin
were not given the penicillin
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10:10
to treat their syphilis.
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para tratar a sífilis deles.
10:11
And the participants didn't know.
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E os participantes não sabiam.
10:13
So similar to Mary, Peter tried to report
and talk to his internal supervisors,
and talk to his internal supervisors,
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Assim como Mary, Peter tentou denunciar
e conversar com os supervisores internos,
e conversar com os supervisores internos,
10:18
but no one listened.
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mas ninguém o escutou.
10:20
And so Peter thought
this was completely unfair
this was completely unfair
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Peter achou completamente injusto,
10:22
and he tried to report again,
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tentou denunciar novamente
10:24
and finally talked to a reporter --
very similar to Mary.
very similar to Mary.
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e finalmente conversou com um repórter,
parecido com o que houve com Mary.
parecido com o que houve com Mary.
10:28
And in 1972, this was the front page
of the "New York Times":
of the "New York Times":
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E em 1972, esta foi a primeira página
do "The New York Times":
do "The New York Times":
10:32
"Syphilis Victims in US Study
Went Untreated for 40 Years."
Went Untreated for 40 Years."
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"Vítimas de sífilis em estudo nos EUA
não foram tratadas por 40 anos".
não foram tratadas por 40 anos".
10:37
This is known to us today
as the Tuskegee syphilis experiment.
as the Tuskegee syphilis experiment.
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É conhecido hoje como o experimento
da sífilis de Tuskegee.
da sífilis de Tuskegee.
10:42
And Peter was the whistle-blower.
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E Peter foi o delator.
10:44
What happened to the 600 men,
you may wonder, the 600 original men?
you may wonder, the 600 original men?
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Podem perguntar: "O que aconteceu
com aqueles 600 homens?"
com aqueles 600 homens?"
10:48
Twenty eight men died from syphilis.
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Vinte e oito deles morreram de sífilis.
10:51
One hundred died
from syphilis complications,
from syphilis complications,
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Cem morreram de complicações da sífilis.
10:54
forty wives were infected
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Quarenta esposas foram infectadas
10:56
and 10 children were born
with congenital syphilis.
with congenital syphilis.
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e dez crianças nasceram
com sífilis congênita.
com sífilis congênita.
10:59
Who's to say what these numbers would be
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Quem pode dizer quais seriam esses números
11:01
if it wasn't for the brave,
courageous act of Peter?
courageous act of Peter?
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se não fosse pelo corajoso ato de Peter?
11:05
We're all connected to Peter, actually.
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Estamos todos ligados a Peter.
11:08
If you know anybody
that's in a clinical trial,
that's in a clinical trial,
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Se vocês conhecem alguém
que está num ensaio clínico,
que está num ensaio clínico,
11:10
the reason why we have
informed consent today
informed consent today
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nós temos consentimento informado hoje
11:14
is because of Peter's courageous act.
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graças ao ato corajoso de Peter.
11:17
So let me ask you a question.
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Deixem-me fazer uma pergunta.
11:18
That original question,
a variation of the original question.
a variation of the original question.
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Uma variação da pergunta original.
11:21
How many of us have ever used the term
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Quantos de nós já utilizaram os termos:
11:24
snitch, rat
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informante, rato,
linguarudo,
11:27
tattletale,
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11:29
snake,
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cobra,
dedo-duro,
11:31
weasel,
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cagoeta?
11:32
leak?
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11:34
Anybody?
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Alguém?
Antes que façam isso de novo,
11:39
Before you get the urge to do that again,
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quero que vocês pensem um pouco.
11:42
I want you to think a little bit.
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Podia ser a Mary, o Peter,
as Kathes do mundo.
as Kathes do mundo.
11:44
It might be the Mary,
the Peter, the Kathes of the world.
the Peter, the Kathes of the world.
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11:49
You might be the person
that could shape history,
that could shape history,
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Vocês podem ser a pessoa
que poderia moldar a história
que poderia moldar a história
ou eles podem ser
a pessoa que molda a sua.
a pessoa que molda a sua.
11:52
or they could be the person
that shapes yours.
that shapes yours.
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11:55
Thank you.
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Obrigada.
11:56
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kelly Richmond Pope - Fraud researcher, documentary filmmakerKelly Richmond Pope researches organizational misconduct, ethics and fraud.
Why you should listen
Kelly Richmond Pope is an Associate Professor in the School of Accountancy and MIS at DePaul University where her research focuses on how organizations design cultures and compliance systems to confront the challenges of organizational misconduct, ethics and fraud. She also teaches in executive education programs at the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University and the Quilan School of Business at Loyola University.
Pope's research on organizational misconduct culminated into directing and producing the award-winning documentary, All the Queen's Horses in 2017. Renowned Chicago Sun-Times film critic Richard Roeper cites "kudos to director Kelly Richmond Pope for applying just the right mix of 'What the heck?' whimsy and respectful, serious reporting to this incredible tale." All the Queen's Horses explores the largest municipal fraud in United States history and premiered as the #1 documentary on iTunes, Amazon Prime Video, Google Play and Direct TV during its debut week on the video on demand platforms in April 2018.
At the organizational level, Pope examines factors that encourage employees to whistle-blow as well as the ethical decision-making process. This research has been published in leading accounting and business ethics journals and resulted in being selected to develop a TED-Ed lesson entitled "How people rationalize fraud."
Pope is a popular keynote speaker and frequently advises firms about their compliance programs and training. She is regularly invited to speak to regulators, including the Department of Justice, Securities and Exchange Commission, PCAOB, Internal Revenue Service-Criminal Investigations and the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
Prior to joining the faculty at DePaul University, Pope worked in the forensic accounting practice at KPMG. She received her doctorate in accounting from Virginia Tech and is a licensed certified public accountant.
Kelly Richmond Pope | Speaker | TED.com