TEDxCrenshaw
Niki Okuk: When workers own companies, the economy is more resilient
妮琦歐庫克: 當勞動者擁有公司，經濟會更有回復力
Filmed:
Readability: 4.2
1,262,890 views
另一種經濟實境是有可能的：一種重視社區、永續性，及恢復力的經濟實境，而非無所不用其極追求利潤的現代經濟。妮琦歐庫克分享她自己的合作型經濟實例，並向我們擘劃了一個遠景，說明工薪階級要如何能組織起來並擁有自己工作的企業，為自己做決策，享受自己勞力成果的遠景。
Niki Okuk - Entrepreneur
Niki Okuk is working to create social and economic justice and worker dignity. Full bio
Niki Okuk is working to create social and economic justice and worker dignity. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Are you tired of your boss?
0
869
1511
你對你的老闆厭倦了嗎？
00:15
(Laughter)
1
3073
1356
（笑聲）
00:16
Are you tired of going to work
2
4453
1841
你對於去上班，
00:18
and making money for other people?
3
6318
2433
並為其他人賺錢感到厭倦了嗎？
00:21
And who are those people anyways?
4
9965
1576
那些人到底是誰？
00:23
Those people that make
money from your work.
money from your work.
5
11565
2079
從你的工作賺錢的那些人。
00:26
Well, they're capitalists.
6
14378
1898
他們是資本家。
00:28
They have capital,
7
16300
1276
他們有資本，
00:29
and they use your labor
to make more capital.
to make more capital.
8
17600
2667
他們用你的勞力來賺更多的資本。
00:32
So if you're tired of going to work
9
20973
2074
所以如果你厭倦了上班
00:35
and making money for other people,
10
23071
2205
並為其他人賺錢，
00:37
then you're probably like me --
11
25300
1668
那麼你可能就跟我很像
00:38
just tired of capitalism.
12
26992
1767
就是厭倦了資本家。
00:41
Which is ironic, because I'm a capitalist.
13
29801
3022
這很諷刺，因為我本身就是資本家。
00:44
(Laughter)
14
32847
1418
（笑聲）
00:46
I own a small business --
15
34289
1723
我擁有一間小型企業
00:48
Rco Tires in Compton.
16
36036
2524
位於康普頓的 Rco Tires（輪胎行）。
00:50
A few years ago, when I read Van Jones,
17
38584
1963
幾年前，當我在閱讀
范瓊斯的作品時，
范瓊斯的作品時，
00:52
and he wrote, "Let's make
green collar jobs in the hood,"
green collar jobs in the hood,"
18
40571
2918
他寫到：「讓我們在鄰里間
創造綠領工作。」
創造綠領工作。」
00:55
I took him really seriously.
19
43513
2044
我很認真看待他說的話。
00:58
So I cofounded, own and operate
a tire recycling company,
a tire recycling company,
20
46088
3700
所以我與人合夥，擁有並
經營一間輪胎回收公司，
經營一間輪胎回收公司，
01:01
and I'm really proud of what we've done.
21
49812
1962
我對於我們所做的，感到十分驕傲。
01:03
So far, we've recycled
a hundred million pounds of rubber.
a hundred million pounds of rubber.
22
51798
3373
目前為止，我們已經
回收了一億磅的橡膠。
回收了一億磅的橡膠。
01:07
That's 21 million gallons of oil
diverted from landfills
diverted from landfills
23
55582
4025
等同是將 2100 萬加侖的石油
從垃圾掩埋場轉移出來，
從垃圾掩埋場轉移出來，
01:11
into new products.
24
59631
1164
做成新產品。
01:13
(Cheers)
25
61235
1150
（歡呼）
01:14
We also employ about 15 guys --
26
62409
1649
我們也僱用了約十五個人…
01:16
mostly people of color,
27
64648
1549
大部份是有色人種，
01:18
most of whom are felons,
28
66221
1370
他們大部份是重罪犯，
01:19
and we pay above the minimum wage,
29
67615
1875
我們給他們的薪資高於最低薪資，
01:21
and we are now proud members
of the United Steelworkers Union.
of the United Steelworkers Union.
30
69514
2942
而且我們現在自豪
是鋼鐵工人聯合會的成員。
是鋼鐵工人聯合會的成員。
01:24
(Applause)
31
72948
5559
（掌聲）
01:30
Now, Rco is not a cooperative now.
32
78531
2539
Rco 不是一間合作社。
01:33
It's a privately held company
with community-minded ownership,
with community-minded ownership,
33
81094
3667
它是間私人控股公司，
其擁有者有著社區思維，
其擁有者有著社區思維，
01:36
but I would like it to become one.
34
84785
1754
但我想要變成一間合作社。
01:38
I would like for them to fire the boss --
35
86563
2295
我希望他們能開除老闆
01:40
that's me.
36
88882
1339
也就是我。
01:42
(Laughter)
37
90245
1048
（笑聲）
01:43
And I'm going to tell you why,
38
91317
1446
我等等會告訴你們為什麼，
01:44
but first, let me tell you
how we got started.
how we got started.
39
92787
2322
但先讓我先談談我們是如何開始的。
01:47
So a lot of people ask,
40
95863
1150
很多人問：
01:49
"How did Rco come to be?"
41
97037
1434
「Rco 是怎麼誕生的？」
01:50
And I have to be really honest.
42
98495
1538
我要很老實說，
01:52
I leveraged my white privilege.
43
100419
2005
我善用了我的白人特權。
01:54
So, here's how white privilege
worked for me and Rco.
worked for me and Rco.
44
102764
3653
以下是白人特權如何幫助我與 Rco。
01:59
My white grandmother
was born on her family's plantation
was born on her family's plantation
45
107448
3845
我的白人奶奶在
她家族的大農園出生，
她家族的大農園出生，
02:03
in Arkansas in 1918.
46
111317
2654
地點在阿肯色州，時間是 1918 年。
02:05
She traveled with her white father west,
47
113995
2930
她與她的白人父親向西行，
02:08
following the oil boom.
48
116949
1569
追隨石油開發的熱潮。
02:10
And he held various union oil jobs --
49
118542
3180
他做過各種石油公會的相關工作，
02:13
jobs which would have never been given
to my black great-grandfather,
to my black great-grandfather,
50
121746
3461
這些工作是我黑人曾祖父
永遠不可能得到的工作，
永遠不可能得到的工作，
02:17
had he lived here at the time.
51
125231
1530
如果他那時還在世的話。
02:19
Granny became a hairdresser
52
127742
1929
奶奶成了理髮師，
02:21
and then got a loan with her husband
53
129695
3905
接著與爺爺取得了貸款，
02:25
who built their home
in West Los Angeles --
in West Los Angeles --
54
133624
2070
在西洛杉磯建造了他們的家。
02:27
a loan which would never have been
given to a black family at the time.
given to a black family at the time.
55
135718
3478
當時黑人家庭是不可能取得貸款的。
02:32
And after my grandfather passed away,
56
140421
1836
在我爺爺過世後，
02:34
my granny was able to keep that house
57
142281
1779
我奶奶得以留住那間房子，
02:36
because she had his pension
and his health care
and his health care
58
144084
2677
因為她有他的退休金
和他的健康照護，
和他的健康照護，
02:38
from a state job which he held,
59
146785
1768
這些是來自於他在州政府的工作，
02:40
which again, would have never been
given to a black man
given to a black man
60
148577
2622
同樣的，在 60 年代
反歧視法案之前，
反歧視法案之前，
02:43
before the anti-discrimination
act of the 1960s.
act of the 1960s.
61
151223
2386
黑人也是不可能得到這種工作的。
02:46
So, you fast-forward 30 years,
62
154048
1858
所以，快轉三十年後，
02:47
and I graduate,
63
155930
1388
我畢業了，
02:49
and I want to start my own business
64
157342
1702
我想開創自己的事業，
02:51
with a pile of debt and a credit card,
65
159068
1877
但卻背著一堆負債和一張信用卡，
02:52
and no experience in the tire industry.
66
160969
2343
完全沒有輪胎產業的經驗。
02:55
But I had what most people didn't have.
67
163336
2237
但我擁有的，大部份人都沒有。
02:57
I had a clean, safe, free place to live.
68
165597
4479
我有一個乾淨、安全、
免費的地方可以住。
免費的地方可以住。
03:03
I moved in with my grandmother,
69
171036
1748
我搬去和奶奶住，
03:04
and I was able to rent
our first warehouse,
our first warehouse,
70
172808
2325
我想辦法租了我們的第一間倉庫，
03:07
buy our first truck,
71
175157
1176
買了第一台卡車，
03:08
pay our first employees,
72
176357
1560
支薪給我們的第一批員工，
03:09
because I didn't have to worry
about paying myself,
about paying myself,
73
177941
2414
因為我不用擔心支薪給我自己，
03:12
because I didn't need to feed myself,
74
180379
1783
因為我不需要養我自己，
03:14
because I am the direct beneficiary
of generations of white privilege.
of generations of white privilege.
75
182186
3541
因為我是世世代代
白人特權的直接受益人。
白人特權的直接受益人。
03:18
Now, telling the story
of white privilege is important
of white privilege is important
76
186703
4064
明白白人特權的故事很重要，
03:22
because very often people say,
77
190791
1429
因為人們常會說：
03:24
"Oh, we want more companies like yours.
78
192244
1858
「我們想要更多像你這樣的公司。
03:26
We want more Rco's,
79
194126
1158
我們想要更多 Rco，
03:27
we want more black-owned businesses,
80
195308
1849
我們想要更多企業是由黑人所擁有、
03:29
female-led, triple bottom line,
81
197181
2664
女性來領導、三重底線的公司架構、
03:31
Ban the Box,
82
199869
1172
不詢問犯罪記錄
03:33
green manufacturing companies," right?
83
201065
1962
的綠色製造商。」對吧？
03:35
But the question we have to ask is,
where is the wealth?
where is the wealth?
84
203739
2643
但我們該問的問題是，
財富資源在哪裡？
財富資源在哪裡？
03:38
Where is the money?
85
206406
1151
錢在哪裡？
03:39
Where's the capital in our communities
86
207581
1866
社群中，用來建立
我們所想要的這種企業的資本在哪裡？
03:41
to build the types
of businesses that we want?
of businesses that we want?
87
209471
2159
03:43
And in telling a story
of the white side of my family,
of the white side of my family,
88
211654
2548
在訴說我白人家庭這一邊的故事時，
03:46
I needed a dozen ways
89
214226
1151
我有很多故事可以說明，
03:47
where blacks were excluded
from the economy,
from the economy,
90
215401
2061
為什麼故事中的黑人
被排除在經濟體之外，
被排除在經濟體之外，
03:49
whereas the white side of my family
was able to gain access and traction,
was able to gain access and traction,
91
217486
3548
而我家庭的白人這一邊
卻能獲得進入與引介的門檻，
卻能獲得進入與引介的門檻，
03:53
and build wealth ...
92
221058
1396
並建立起財富的故事。
03:55
Primarily because racism
and capitalism are best homies, but --
and capitalism are best homies, but --
93
223224
4610
主因是種族主義與資本主義是好朋友，
03:59
(Laughter)
94
227858
1802
（笑聲）
04:01
but what that means
is that when we ask ourselves,
is that when we ask ourselves,
95
229684
2453
但那意味著，當我們自問：
04:04
"Why are our communities broke?" --
96
232161
2461
「為什麼我們的社群會缺乏資金？」
04:06
Like, we're not just broke
because we're broke;
because we're broke;
97
234646
2206
我們並不只是缺乏資金而缺錢，
04:08
we're broke for a reason.
98
236876
1335
我們沒錢是有原因的。
04:10
Historical context really does matter.
99
238235
2116
這當中歷史背景
扮演了重要的角色。
扮演了重要的角色。
04:13
But our history
tells another story as well.
tells another story as well.
100
241710
2151
但我們的歷史也說了另一個故事。
04:15
There's this incredible book
called "Collective Courage,"
called "Collective Courage,"
101
243885
2688
有一本很棒的書叫「集體勇氣」，
04:18
which is the story of how
thousands of African Americans
thousands of African Americans
102
246597
3216
內容是關於數千名非裔美國人
04:21
have been able to build
businesses and schools,
businesses and schools,
103
249837
2520
如何能夠建立起事業、學校、
04:24
hospitals, farming cooperatives,
104
252381
2243
醫院、農業合作社、
04:26
banks, financial institutions --
105
254648
1717
銀行、金融機構，
04:28
entire communities
and sovereign economies,
and sovereign economies,
106
256389
2612
整個社區以及獨立自主的經濟，
04:31
without a lot of capital.
107
259025
1422
而且是從小資本開始建立起來的。
04:33
And they did it by working together
108
261037
1917
他們能辦到，是因為能同心協力，
04:34
and leveraging their community assets
109
262978
2407
利用社群的資產槓桿，
04:37
and trusting each other
110
265409
1452
並相信彼此，
04:38
and putting solidarity first --
111
266885
1700
將團結擺在第一，
04:40
not just profits by any means necessary.
112
268609
2799
而不是不計一切只追求利潤。
04:44
And they didn't have to wait around
for celebrities and athletes
for celebrities and athletes
113
272381
3312
他們不需要等待名人或運動員
04:47
to bring their money back to the hood.
114
275717
2286
把錢帶回到他們的街坊。
04:50
However, if you are
a celebrity or an athlete,
a celebrity or an athlete,
115
278027
2155
然而，如果你是名人或運動員，
04:52
and you're listening to this,
116
280206
1393
且你正在聽這場演講，
04:53
please feel free to bring your money.
117
281623
1786
請別客氣，把你的錢
帶進來一起投資。
帶進來一起投資。
04:55
(Laughter)
118
283433
1642
（笑聲）
04:58
But they did it
through cooperative economics,
through cooperative economics,
119
286031
2236
但他們是透過「合作型經濟」辦到的，
05:00
because they knew
120
288291
1151
因為他們知道，
05:01
that capitalism was never
going to finance black liberation.
going to finance black liberation.
121
289466
3108
資本從未資助過解放後的黑人。
05:04
So, there are so many great
examples in this book,
examples in this book,
122
292943
4027
在這本書中有許多很棒的例子，
05:08
and I suggest that everybody just read it
123
296994
2099
我建議大家都去找這本書來看，
05:11
because it answers
the question I asked earlier,
the question I asked earlier,
124
299117
2243
因為它回答了我先前問的問題，
05:13
which was where are we going
to get the wealth
to get the wealth
125
301384
2304
也就是：我們要從哪裡得到財富資源
05:15
to build the types
of business that we want.
of business that we want.
126
303712
2076
來建立起我們想要的企業類型？
05:17
And the answer is going to have
to be cooperative economics.
to be cooperative economics.
127
305812
2848
而答案就是合作型經濟。
05:20
There's a lot of different
versions of cooperativism.
versions of cooperativism.
128
308684
2960
合作的方式有很多種不同的版本。
05:23
What I'm talking about today
is worker ownership.
is worker ownership.
129
311668
2420
我今天要談的是勞動者所有權。
05:26
You may not have heard
of worker ownership,
of worker ownership,
130
314684
2009
你可能沒聽過勞動者所有權，
05:28
but it's been an incredible tool
131
316717
1610
但它是近一個世紀中
05:30
for black economic liberation
for a century,
for a century,
132
318351
2081
黑人經濟自由的極佳工具，
05:32
and it's also working
all over the world right now.
all over the world right now.
133
320456
2409
且全世界都在用它。
05:35
You may have heard of Black Wall Street
134
323528
1918
你們可能有聽過黑色華爾街，
05:37
or maybe the Zapatistas,
135
325470
1191
或薩帕塔民族解放軍，
05:38
but I'll give you an example
that's a little bit closer to home.
that's a little bit closer to home.
136
326685
3046
但我要舉個
離我家鄉更近的例子。
離我家鄉更近的例子。
05:41
Right now, today, in South Bronx,
137
329755
2517
目前，在南布隆克斯區，
05:44
is the country's largest
worker-owned company.
worker-owned company.
138
332296
3197
有一間全國最大的
勞動者所有權的公司。
勞動者所有權的公司。
05:47
It's called Cooperative
Home Care Associates,
Home Care Associates,
139
335517
2669
它叫「合作家庭護理聯營公司」，
05:50
and it was founded by black
and Latinx home care workers
and Latinx home care workers
140
338210
2960
它是由黑人及拉丁裔的
家庭護理工作者所成立的，
家庭護理工作者所成立的，
05:53
who are now able
to pay themselves living wages,
to pay themselves living wages,
141
341194
3073
他們現在有能力可支付自己
足以維生的薪水，
足以維生的薪水，
05:56
they have full-time hours,
142
344291
1255
他們做全職工作，
05:57
they have benefits and a pension,
143
345570
1628
他們也有津貼和退休金，
05:59
through their membership
as a unit of SEIU.
as a unit of SEIU.
144
347222
2578
因為他們也是 SEIU
（服務業雇員國際聯合會 ）的會員。
（服務業雇員國際聯合會 ）的會員。
06:02
And these women owners now receive
a dividend back on their ownership
a dividend back on their ownership
145
350778
3848
現在這些女性所有權人
可以透過她們自己的股份
可以透過她們自己的股份
06:06
every year that the company
has been profitable,
has been profitable,
146
354650
2293
每年從公司獲利中獲得股息，
06:08
which has been most years.
147
356967
1380
而公司也幾乎都年年獲利。
06:10
So they're able to really enjoy
the fruits of their labor
the fruits of their labor
148
358989
3921
所以她們得以享受
她們付出勞力的成果，
她們付出勞力的成果，
06:14
because they fired the boss.
149
362934
1658
因為她們開除了老闆。
06:17
They don't have any big investors.
150
365299
1669
她們沒有任何大型投資者。
06:18
They don't have fat-cat CEOs
151
366992
1608
她們沒有肥貓型的執行長，
06:20
or absentee owners taking
the profit out of the company.
the profit out of the company.
152
368624
3056
或總是缺席卻能從公司
拿走獲利的所有權人。
拿走獲利的所有權人。
06:24
They each pay in
about 1,000 dollars over time
about 1,000 dollars over time
153
372137
3893
她們每個人隨著時間存入一千美元，
06:28
in order to gain ownership,
154
376054
1916
以取得所有權，
06:29
and now they own their job.
155
377994
1349
而現在她們擁有她們的工作。
06:32
Now, there's hundreds of more examples
of companies like this
of companies like this
156
380598
2985
像這樣的公司，還有數百個例子，
06:35
springing up all across the country.
157
383607
1834
在全國各地出現。
06:37
And I'm so inspired by what they're doing,
158
385465
3249
我被他們的所做所為給激勵到，
06:40
because it really represents
an alternative
an alternative
159
388738
2485
因為這確實代表著，
我們除了目前這種剝削
我們除了目前這種剝削
06:43
to the type of economy we have now,
160
391247
2031
所有人的經濟類型之外，
06:45
which exploits all of us.
161
393302
1362
我們還有另一種
替代方案可以選擇。
替代方案可以選擇。
06:47
It also represents an alternative
162
395319
1651
也就是說，我們除了等大型投資者
06:48
to waiting around for big investors
to bring chain stores,
to bring chain stores,
163
396994
3960
把連鎖商店或倉儲式商店
帶進我們社區之外，
帶進我們社區之外，
06:52
or big-box stores to our communities,
164
400978
1772
我們還有另一個替代方案，
06:54
because honestly,
those types of developments,
those types of developments,
165
402774
2276
因為，老實說，這類大型企業的發展，
06:57
they steal resources from our communities.
166
405074
2324
都是在偷走我們社區的資源。
06:59
They put our mom-and-pop shops
out of business,
out of business,
167
407422
2837
它們讓夫妻經營的小店關門大吉，
07:02
they make our entrepreneurs
into wage workers,
into wage workers,
168
410283
3096
它們讓我們的企業家
變成領薪水的勞工，
變成領薪水的勞工，
07:05
and they take money out of our pocket
169
413403
1806
它們從我們的口袋把錢拿走，
07:07
and send it to their shareholders.
170
415233
1741
分給他們的股東。
07:10
So, I was so inspired by all these stories
of resistance and resilience
of resistance and resilience
171
418031
3400
所以，我受到這些抵抗大型企業
且韌性堅強的故事所激勵，
且韌性堅強的故事所激勵，
07:13
that I got together with a few people
here in Los Angeles,
here in Los Angeles,
172
421455
2768
所以我在洛杉磯這裡
招集了幾個人，
招集了幾個人，
07:16
and we created LUCI.
173
424247
1380
我們一起創立了 LUCI。
07:17
LUCI stands for the Los Angeles
Union Cooperative Initiative,
Union Cooperative Initiative,
174
425995
4175
LUCI 是洛杉磯
聯合合作創始會的縮寫，
聯合合作創始會的縮寫，
07:22
and our objective is to create
more worker-owned businesses
more worker-owned businesses
175
430194
3096
我們的方針是要在洛杉磯創立更多
07:25
here in Los Angeles.
176
433314
1666
由勞動者擁有的企業。
07:27
So far, in the last year,
we've created two:
we've created two:
177
435004
2358
目前為止，在去年我們創立了兩家：
07:29
Pacific Electric, an electrical company,
178
437386
1993
一間叫「太平洋電氣」的電氣公司、
07:31
and Vermont Gage Carwash,
179
439403
1555
以及「Vermont Gage 洗車場」，
07:32
which is right here in South-Central,
180
440982
1763
它就在中南區這裡，
07:34
some of you guys
might be familiar with it.
might be familiar with it.
181
442769
2032
你們當中有些人可能很熟悉。
07:36
This long-time carwash is now owned
and operated by its 20 workers,
and operated by its 20 workers,
182
444825
4671
這個歷史悠久的洗車場現在是由
20 個勞動者所擁有和經營，
20 個勞動者所擁有和經營，
07:41
all of whom are union members as well.
183
449520
2024
他們也都是工會的成員。
07:43
(Applause)
184
451568
5236
（掌聲）
07:48
So you might be wondering
why the focus on union-worker ownership,
why the focus on union-worker ownership,
185
456828
3898
你們可能會好奇，為什麼我們會著重
工會勞工所有權式的聯合公司？
工會勞工所有權式的聯合公司？
07:52
but there's a lot of good reasons
186
460750
1627
有很多很好的理由可說明
07:54
why the labor movement is a natural ally
to the worker-ownership movement.
to the worker-ownership movement.
187
462401
3750
為什麼勞工運動很自然會
和勞動者所有權運動有所關聯。
和勞動者所有權運動有所關聯。
07:58
To build these companies
that we want in our community,
that we want in our community,
188
466175
2596
為了要在社區
建立起我們希望的公司，
建立起我們希望的公司，
08:00
we need a few things.
189
468795
1151
我們需要幾樣東西。
08:01
We're going to need money,
people and training.
people and training.
190
469970
2598
我們需要錢、人及訓練。
08:05
Unions have all of those things.
191
473000
1779
這些都是工會可以提供的。
08:07
America's working class has been
paying union dues for decades,
paying union dues for decades,
192
475880
2967
美國的勞工階級數十年來，
一直都在支付工會的會費，
一直都在支付工會的會費，
08:10
and with it, our unions have been building
193
478871
2048
工會運用些會費
08:12
dignified, decent,
and democratic workplaces for us.
and democratic workplaces for us.
194
480943
2834
為我們建立有尊嚴的、
體面的、民主的工作環境。
體面的、民主的工作環境。
08:15
However, union jobs
are on the steep decline,
are on the steep decline,
195
483801
2425
然而屬於工會的工作正快速減少，
08:18
and it's time for us to start
calling on our unions
calling on our unions
196
486250
2406
該是我們呼籲工會，
08:20
to really bring all of their financial
and political capital
and political capital
197
488680
3665
請他們確實把他們的
財務及政治資本
財務及政治資本
08:24
to bear in the creation of new,
union, living-wage jobs
union, living-wage jobs
198
492369
3683
帶來協助我們的社區，
創建新的、工會的，
且足以維生的薪水工作。
且足以維生的薪水工作。
08:28
in our communities.
199
496076
1213
08:29
Also, union halls
are full of union members
are full of union members
200
497873
3231
此外，工會裡有很多工會成員，
08:33
who understand
the importance of solidarity
the importance of solidarity
201
501128
3143
他們都了解團結的重要性，
08:36
and the power of collective action.
202
504295
2121
以及集體行動的影響力。
08:39
These are the types of folks that want
more union businesses to exist,
more union businesses to exist,
203
507328
4429
這群人也希望有更多
工會性質的企業能生存下來，
工會性質的企業能生存下來，
08:43
so let's build them with them.
204
511781
2210
所以大家要一起與工會
建立起這樣的企業。
建立起這樣的企業。
08:47
Learning from our unions,
205
515247
1263
向我們的工會學習，
08:48
learning from our past,
206
516534
1151
向我們的過去學習，
08:49
learning from our peers,
207
517709
1173
向我們的同儕學習，
08:50
are all going to be very
important to our success,
important to our success,
208
518906
2644
這些都對我們的成功都非常重要，
08:53
which is why I'd like to leave you
with one last example
with one last example
209
521574
2904
這就是為什麼我要
再給各位最後一個例子，
再給各位最後一個例子，
08:56
and a vision for the future ...
210
524502
2024
以及對未來的願景。
08:59
and that vision is Mondragon, Spain.
211
527153
2828
那個願景就是西班牙的蒙德拉貢公司。
09:02
Mondragon, Spain is a community
built entirely around worker cooperatives.
built entirely around worker cooperatives.
212
530485
4706
蒙德拉貢公司完全是由
勞動者所建立的聯合社群。
勞動者所建立的聯合社群。
09:07
There's 260-plus businesses here,
213
535701
2961
裡面有 260 間以上的企業，
09:10
manufacturing everything from bicycles
to washing machines to transformers.
to washing machines to transformers.
214
538686
4777
製造各種東西，從腳踏車、
洗衣機，到變壓器都有。
洗衣機，到變壓器都有。
09:16
And this group of businesses
now employs 80,000 people
now employs 80,000 people
215
544046
3516
整個企業集團現在
共僱用了八萬名員工，
共僱用了八萬名員工，
09:19
and earns more than 12 billion euros
in revenue every year.
in revenue every year.
216
547586
3104
年收益超過 120 億歐元。
09:23
And all of the companies there
are owned by the people that work in them.
are owned by the people that work in them.
217
551421
4025
那裡所有的公司都由
在公司裡工作的人所擁有。
在公司裡工作的人所擁有。
09:27
They've also built universities
and hospitals and financial institutions.
and hospitals and financial institutions.
218
555896
4716
他們也建造了大學、醫院、金融機構。
09:32
I mean, imagine if we could build
something like this in South-Central.
something like this in South-Central.
219
560636
3869
想像一下，如果我們在中南區
也能建立這樣的社區，會如何。
也能建立這樣的社區，會如何。
09:37
The late mayor of Jackson
had a similar idea.
had a similar idea.
220
565839
3275
已逝的前市長傑克森有過類似的點子，
09:41
He wanted to turn his entire city
into a Mondragon-like cooperative economy,
into a Mondragon-like cooperative economy,
221
569565
5428
他想要把整個城市轉變成
類似蒙德拉貢的合作經濟體，
類似蒙德拉貢的合作經濟體，
09:47
calling his ambitious plan
"Jackson Rising."
"Jackson Rising."
222
575017
2909
他把這個很有野心的計畫
稱為「傑克森起義」。
稱為「傑克森起義」。
09:50
And when I look at Mondragon,
223
578940
1426
當我在看蒙德拉貢時，
09:52
I see really what working-class people
can do for ourselves
can do for ourselves
224
580390
2810
我真的看到工薪階級
能為自己做些什麼，
能為自己做些什麼，
09:55
when we work together
225
583224
1151
當我們團結在一起時，
09:56
and make decisions
for ourselves and each other
for ourselves and each other
226
584399
2556
真的能為自己、彼此，及社區
09:58
and our communities.
227
586979
1308
做出決策。
10:03
And what's really incredible
about Mondragon
about Mondragon
228
591516
2979
關於蒙德拉貢公司，還有很妙的一點，
10:06
is that while we are dreaming about them,
229
594519
2467
就是當我們夢想成為他們時，
10:09
they are dreaming about us.
230
597010
1921
他們卻在夢想成為我們。
10:11
This community in Spain has decided
to launch an international initiative
to launch an international initiative
231
599465
4860
這個西班牙社群決定要推出
全球性的創始會員活動，
全球性的創始會員活動，
10:16
to create more communities
like it all over the world,
like it all over the world,
232
604349
3002
以在全世界創造出更多
像它這樣的社區，
像它這樣的社區，
10:19
by linking up with unions,
233
607375
1607
做法包括與聯合會做連結、
10:21
by supporting organizations like LUCI,
234
609006
1913
支持像 LUCI 這類的組織、
10:22
and by educating folks
about the worker-ownership model.
about the worker-ownership model.
235
610943
2898
以及教導人們認識
「勞動者所有權」的公司模式。
「勞動者所有權」的公司模式。
10:27
Now, here's what you can do
to be a part of it.
to be a part of it.
236
615357
2515
如果你想成為一員，你可以做的是：
10:29
If you're a union member,
go to your union meetings,
go to your union meetings,
237
617896
2580
如果你是工會成員，
請去參加你的工會會議，
請去參加你的工會會議，
10:32
and make sure that your union
has a worker-ownership initiative,
has a worker-ownership initiative,
238
620500
3190
並確保你的工會有
勞動者所有權的創始機制，
勞動者所有權的創始機制，
10:35
and become a part of it.
239
623714
1150
並加入成為它的一部份。
10:37
If you're an entrepreneur,
240
625357
1274
如果你是企業家，
10:38
if you have a small business,
241
626655
1420
如果你有一間小型企業，
10:40
or you're interested in starting one,
242
628099
1819
或是你有興趣要成立一間，
10:41
then link up with LUCI
or another organization like us
or another organization like us
243
629942
2667
那麼就去與 LUCI 或
其它類似我們的組織做連結，
其它類似我們的組織做連結，
10:44
to help you get started
on the cooperative model.
on the cooperative model.
244
632633
2294
來協助你開始採用
合作型經濟的模式。
合作型經濟的模式。
10:47
If you're a politician,
245
635258
1152
如果你是政治家，
10:48
or you work for one,
246
636434
1392
或是你為政治家工作，
10:49
or you just like talking to them,
247
637850
1667
或是你就是喜歡和政治家說話，
10:51
please get the city, state, federal
and county legislation passed
and county legislation passed
248
639541
4237
請協助讓市、州、聯邦
和郡能通過法令，
和郡能通過法令，
10:55
that we need in order to fund
and support worker-owned businesses.
and support worker-owned businesses.
249
643802
3492
因為我們需要這些法令去資助和
支持那些勞動者擁有的企業。
支持那些勞動者擁有的企業。
10:59
And for everybody else,
250
647987
1233
至於其他人，
11:01
learn about our history,
learn about our models,
learn about our models,
251
649244
2239
多了解我們的歷史、我們的模式，
11:03
and seek us out so can support us,
252
651507
1626
來找我們，來支援我們，
11:05
you can buy from us, invest in us,
lend to us and join us,
lend to us and join us,
253
653157
3207
你們可以向我們購買東西、
投資我們、借款給我們、加入我們，
投資我們、借款給我們、加入我們，
11:08
because it's really
going to take all of us
going to take all of us
254
656388
2066
因為真的需要我們所有人齊心，
11:10
in order to build the more just
and sustainable and resilient economy
and sustainable and resilient economy
255
658478
3620
才能建立起更公正、永續、
回復力強的經濟體，
回復力強的經濟體，
11:14
that we want for ourselves
and our children.
and our children.
256
662122
2931
而這也是我們及後代子孫們的希望。
11:17
And with that,
257
665859
1229
有鑑於此，
11:19
I would like to leave you
with a quote from Arundhati Roy,
with a quote from Arundhati Roy,
258
667112
3191
我要留給各位一句名言，
這名言來自阿蘭達蒂羅伊，
這名言來自阿蘭達蒂羅伊，
11:22
and she writes ...
259
670327
1150
她這麼寫：
11:24
"Our strategy should not be only
to confront Empire,
to confront Empire,
260
672547
4151
「我們的策略不該只是對抗帝國，
11:28
but to lay siege to it.
261
676722
1618
也要圍攻它，
11:31
To deprive it of oxygen.
262
679196
1595
奪走它的氧氣，
11:33
To mock it.
263
681729
1366
嘲笑它、
11:35
To shame it.
264
683119
1150
羞辱它。
11:36
With our art,
265
684881
1215
用我們的藝術、
11:38
our literature,
266
686120
1174
我們的文學作品、
11:39
our music,
267
687318
1264
我們的音樂、
11:40
our brilliance,
268
688606
1150
我們的才華、
11:42
our joy,
269
690311
1150
我們的喜悅、
11:44
our sheer relentlessness --
270
692153
1746
我們不屈不饒的精神，
11:46
and our ability to tell our own stories.
271
694574
2134
以及我們訴說自己故事的能力。
11:49
Not the stories that we're being
brainwashed to believe.
brainwashed to believe.
272
697206
2730
不要再去相信它們的洗腦故事。
11:53
The corporate revolution will collapse
273
701729
2069
我們的企業革命將會使它們崩壞，
11:55
if we refuse to buy
what they're selling --
what they're selling --
274
703822
2230
如果我們拒絕企業販賣的產品，
11:59
their ideas,
275
707236
1150
他們的點子、
12:00
their version of history,
276
708719
1608
他們版本的歷史、
12:02
their wars,
277
710351
1151
他們的戰爭、
12:03
their weapons,
278
711526
1169
他們的武器、
12:05
their sense of inevitability.
279
713324
1434
他們所謂的必要性。
12:07
Because know this:
280
715956
1150
因為，要知道，
12:09
They be few and we be many.
281
717804
1878
他們是少數，我們是多數。
12:12
They need us more than we need them.
282
720233
1886
他們需要我們，多於我們需要他們。
12:15
Another world is not only possible,
283
723136
2166
另一個世界並非不可能，
12:17
she's on her way.
284
725722
1150
她已經在路上了。
12:19
And on a quiet day,
285
727657
1192
在平靜的日子，
12:21
I can hear her breathing."
286
729452
1341
我能聽見她的呼吸。」
12:23
Thank you.
287
731328
1151
謝謝。
12:24
(Applause)
288
732503
1901
（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Niki Okuk - EntrepreneurNiki Okuk is working to create social and economic justice and worker dignity.
Why you should listen
Niki Okuk founded Rco Tires in 2012. They've since recycled more than 300 million pounds of rubber, diverting 70 million gallons of oil from landfills with 16 employees, making it one of southern California's largest sustainability plants. Rco creates alternative uses for trash tires, turning them into new products. Because of Okuk's progressive hiring and management practices, it provides stable jobs for local black and Latino residents who struggle to find employment because of past criminal convictions or legal status.
Okuk grew up in Los Angeles and majored in economics at Columbia University. After working in development with the office of Joseph Stiglitz and working in finance in Korea and Singapore, Okuk completed her MBA with Nanyang University in Singapore, including a sustainability certificate at Sloan School of Business at MIT.
Niki Okuk | Speaker | TED.com