TED2013
Richard Turere: My invention that made peace with lions
Ричард Турере: Моето изобретение. което доведе до примирие с лъвовете
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В племето масаи, където 13-годишният Ричрд Турере живее, добитъка е най-важното нещо. Но нападенията от лъвове зачестяват. В тази кратка, вдъховяваща лекция, младия откривател споделя за решението, задвижвано от слънчеви батерии, с което спасява кравите си и гони лъвовете.
Richard Turere - Inventor
Young inventor Richard Turere invented "lion lights," an elegant way to protect his family's cattle from lion attacks. Full bio
Young inventor Richard Turere invented "lion lights," an elegant way to protect his family's cattle from lion attacks. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
This is where I live. I live in Kenya,
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Живея тук - в Кения,
00:15
at the south parts of the Nairobi National Park.
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в южната част на Националния парк Найроби.
00:18
Those are my dad's cows at the back,
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Това са кравите на татко
00:20
and behind the cows,
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и зад кравите е парка
00:22
that's the Nairobi National Park.
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Националния парк Найроби.
00:25
Nairobi National Park is not fenced in the south widely,
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Национален парк Найроби няма огради на юг,
00:28
which means wild animals like zebras
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т.е. диви животни като зебрите
00:32
migrate out of the park freely.
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мигрират в парка свободно.
00:35
So predators like lions follow them,
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И хищници като лъвовете ги следват
00:39
and this is what they do.
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и правят това.
00:42
They kill our livestock.
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Убиват добитъка ни.
00:45
This is one of the cows which was killed at night,
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Тази крава бе убита през нощта,
00:48
and I just woke up in the morning and I found it dead,
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тъкмо се събудих и я намерих мъртва,
00:52
and I felt so bad,
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беше ужасно,
00:54
because it was the only bull we had.
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това бе единствения бик, който имахме
00:59
My community, the Maasai, we believe that
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Ние, масаите, вярваме, че
01:01
we came from heaven with all our animals and all the land
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сме дошли от небето с всичките ни животни и земята
01:08
for herding them, and that's why we value them so much.
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за да ги пасем. И за това ги уважаваме.
01:11
So I grew up hating lions so much.
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Израстнах с омраза към лъвовете.
01:15
The morans are the warriors
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Мораните са войници, които
01:18
who protect our community and the livestock,
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защитават нас и добитъка,
01:21
and they're also upset about this problem.
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и също са недоволни от този проблем.
01:25
So they kill the lions.
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Затова убиват лъвовете.
01:28
It's one of the six lions which were killed in Nairobi.
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Това е един от шестте лъва, убити в Найроби.
01:31
And I think this is why the Nairobi National Park lions are few.
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Заради това няма много лъвове в Парка.
01:36
So a boy, from six to nine years old, in my community
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Всяко момче между 6 и 9 г. при нас
01:41
is responsible for his dad's cows,
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е отговорно за кравите на баща си
01:44
and that's the same thing which happened to me.
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и така се случи и с мен.
01:47
So I had to find a way of solving this problem.
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Трябваше да намеря решение на проблема.
01:50
And the first idea I got was to use fire,
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Първо ми хрумна да ползвам огън,
01:55
because I thought lions were scared of fire.
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защото мислех, че лъвовете ги е страх.
01:59
But I came to realize that that didn't really help,
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Обаче бързо осъзнаха, че това не помага,
02:04
because it was even helping the lions
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всъщност помагах на лъвовете
02:06
to see through the cowshed.
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да виждат по-добре.
02:10
So I didn't give up. I continued.
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Но не се отказах. Продължих.
02:13
And a second idea I got was
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Втората идея бе
02:16
to use a scarecrow.
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да ползвам плашила.
02:18
I was trying to trick the lions
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Трябваше да подмамя лъвовете
02:19
[into thinking] that I was standing near the cowshed.
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да мислят, че съм около кравите.
02:22
But lions are very clever. (Laughter)
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Но лъва е умно животно.
02:26
They will come the first day and they see the scarecrow, and they go back,
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Първия ден бягат от плашилото,
02:31
but the second day, they'll come and they say,
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но втория идват и си казват
02:34
this thing is not moving here, it's always here. (Laughter)
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"това нещо не се движи - не е човек".
02:37
So he jumps in and kills the animals.
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И убиват кравите.
02:41
So one night, I was walking around the cowshed with a torch,
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Една вечер обикалях с фенер,
02:44
and that day, the lions didn't come.
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и тогава лъвовете не дойдоха.
02:48
And I discovered that lions are afraid of a moving light.
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Разбрах, че се страхуват от движеща се светлина.
02:53
So I had an idea.
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И тогава ми хрумна следното.
02:55
Since I was a small boy,
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Откакто бях малък,
02:58
I used to work in my room for the whole day,
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работех по цял ден вкъщи,
03:01
and I even took apart my mom's new radio,
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и дори разглобих новото радио на майка ми,
03:04
and that day she almost killed me,
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и тя щеше за малко да ме убие,
03:06
but I learned a lot about electronics. (Laughter)
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но научих много за електрониката.
03:12
So I got an old car battery,
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Взех стар акумулатор от кола,
03:16
an indicator box. It's a small device found in a motorcycle,
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и индикаторна кутия от един мотоциклет,
03:19
and it helps motorists when they want to turn right or left. It blinks.
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С това работи мигачът на моторите.
03:24
And I got a switch where I can switch on the lights, on and off.
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Намерих и прекъсвач, с който да пускам и спирам светлините,
03:29
And that's a small torch from a broken flashlight.
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както и малко фенерче.
03:34
So I set up everything.
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Ето така подредих всичко
03:37
As you can see, the solar panel charges the battery,
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Виждате, че соларния панел зарежда акумулатора,
03:40
and the battery supplies the power
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и той доставя енергия
03:42
to the small indicator box. I call it a transformer.
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на малкия, нека го наречем, трансформатор.
03:45
And the indicator box makes the lights flash.
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И така лапмичките светкат.
03:50
As you can see, the bulbs face outside,
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Самите лампи са навън,
03:54
because that's where the lions come from.
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защото оттам идват лъвовете.
03:56
And that's how it looks to lions when they come at night.
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Така изглежда на лъвовете, когато идват нощем.
04:00
The lights flash and trick
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Светлините мигат и създават
04:03
the lions into thinking I was walking around the cowshed,
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илюзия, че дежуря,
04:05
but I was sleeping in my bed.
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докато си спя в леглото.
04:07
(Laughter)
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(смях)
04:09
(Applause)
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(аплодисменти)
04:11
Thanks.
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Благодаря.
04:17
So I set it up in my home two years ago,
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Преди две години го направих.
04:21
and since then, we have never experienced any problem with lions.
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От тогава нямаме проблеми с лъвовете.
04:24
And my neighboring homes heard about this idea.
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Съседите чуха за изобретението.
04:28
One of them was this grandmother.
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Включително и тази баба.
04:31
She had a lot of her animals being killed by lions,
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Много от нейните животни бяха убити от лъвове
04:35
and she asked me if I could put the lights for her.
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и ме помоли да й направя такава система.
04:37
And I said, "Yes."
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Съгласих се.
04:38
So I put the lights. You can see at the back, those are the lion lights.
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Сложих лампите, виждате отзад са.
04:43
Since now, I've set up seven homes around my community,
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До сега съм сложил на седем съседи.
04:46
and they're really working.
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Навсякъде работи.
04:49
And my idea is also being used now all over Kenya
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И моята идея сега се използва из цяла Кения
04:54
for scaring other predators like hyenas, leopards,
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за плашене на хиени, леопарди и други хищници.
04:59
and it's also being used
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Също се ползва
05:01
to scare elephants away from people's farms.
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да плаши слоновете от фермите на хората.
05:05
Because of this invention, I was lucky to get a scholarship
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Заради изобретението получих стипендия
05:08
in one of the best schools in Kenya,
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в едно от най-добрите училища в Кения,
05:11
Brookhouse International School,
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международното училище Брукхаус,
05:13
and I'm really excited about this.
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и съм страшно доволен.
05:16
My new school now is coming in and helping
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Училището помага като
05:20
by fundraising and creating an awareness.
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набира средства и разпространява идеята.
05:24
I even took my friends back to my community,
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Дори няколко приятели дойдоха в моя край
05:29
and we're installing the lights to the homes
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и заедно поставихме лампички на къщи,
05:33
which don't have [any], and I'm teaching them how to put them.
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където нямаше. Уча ги как се прави.
05:37
So one year ago, I was just a boy in the savanna grassland
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И така преди година бях момче от саваната
05:41
herding my father's cows,
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и пасях кравите на татко,
05:43
and I used to see planes flying over,
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зяпайки минаващите самолети
05:46
and I told myself that one day, I'll be there inside.
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и си казвах, че един ден ще летя и аз със самолет.
05:50
And here I am today.
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И ето ме днес.
05:53
I got a chance to come by plane for my first time for TED.
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Дойдох със самолет за първи път на TED.
05:59
So my big dream is to become an aircraft engineer and pilot when I grow up.
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Голямата ми мечта е да стана самолетен инженер и пилот.
06:04
I used to hate lions, but now because my invention
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Мразех лъвовете, но заради изобретението ми
06:08
is saving my father's cows and the lions,
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което спасява кравите и лъвовете,
06:11
we are able to stay with the lions without any conflict.
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можем да живеем без конфликт с хищниците.
06:15
Ashê olên. It means in my language, thank you very much.
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Аше олен. На моя език значи "благодаря много".
06:18
(Applause)
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(аплодисменти)
06:33
Chris Anderson: You have no idea how exciting it is
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Крис Андерсън: Нямаш представа колко е вълнуващо
06:35
to hear a story like yours.
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да чуя история като твоята.
06:37
So you got this scholarship.Richard Turere: Yep.
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Значи взе стипендия! Ричард Турере: Да.
06:39
CA: You're working on other electrical inventions.
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Крис: работиш над други електрически изобретения.
06:42
What's the next one on your list?
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Какво е следващото?
06:44
RT: My next invention is,
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Ричард: Следващото е,
06:46
I want to make an electric fence.CA: Electric fence?
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електрическа ограда. Крис: Ограда?
06:49
RT: But I know electric fences are already invented,
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Ричард: Знам, че вече са измислени,
06:51
but I want to make mine.
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ама искам да си направя моя.
06:53
(Laughter)
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(смях)
06:56
CA: You already tried it once, right, and you --RT: I tried it before,
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Крис: Вече си опитвал, нали... Ричард: Да,
06:59
but I stopped because it gave me a shock. (Laughter)
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но спрях, защото ме удари тока. (Смях)
07:05
CA: In the trenches. Richard Turere, you are something else.
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Крис: Поздравления, Ричард,
07:09
We're going to cheer you on every step of the way, my friend.
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ще те подкрепяме във всяка твоя стъпка, приятелю.
07:12
Thank you so much.RT: Thank you. (Applause)
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Ричард: Благодаря (аплодисменти)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Richard Turere - InventorYoung inventor Richard Turere invented "lion lights," an elegant way to protect his family's cattle from lion attacks.
Why you should listen
Richard Turere is a young Maasai man who lives in the wilderness of the Kenya savanna, on the edge of a national park full of rhino, giraffe, buffalo and lions. Since he was 9, Richard has held the honored chore of tending his father's cattle; in his free time, he tinkered with electrical gadgets. After dismantling the few household appliances, Richard taught himself how to fix them, and then he started inventing. He fit his parents' home with fans made from car parts and other junkyard components harvested from junkyards, then built other inventions for his neighbors.
Now 13, he is renowned for inventing "lion lights," a fence made of basic pieces (solar charging cells, flashlight parts), which quickly and effectively scares lions away from his father's cattle. Richard's dream is to be an aircraft engineer.
Read more about Richard Turere on CNN.com >>
Richard Turere | Speaker | TED.com