TEDCity2.0
Toni Griffin: A new vision for rebuilding Detroit
Toni Griffin: Una nova visió per a recostruir Detroit.
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Una vegada la central d'energia del poder industrial americà, ara Detroit es més conegut per l'imaginació popular com una ruïna fabulosa, esfondrada i arruinada. Però l'urbanista Toni Griffin ens demana que la mirem un altre cop -- i ens imaginem el futur emprenedor pels 700,000 habitants de la ciutat.
Toni Griffin - Place maker
Toni Griffin is an urban planner working to make cities more just and resilient. Full bio
Toni Griffin is an urban planner working to make cities more just and resilient. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
By 2010, Detroit had become the poster child
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Al 2010, Detroit ja s'havia convertit en l'exemple per defecte
00:15
for an American city in crisis.
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d'una ciutat americana en crisi.
00:17
There was a housing collapse,
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Hi havia un col·lapse de l'indústria immobiliària,
00:19
an auto industry collapse,
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un col·lapse de l'indústria automobilística,
00:21
and the population had plummeted by 25 percent
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i la població s'havia desplomat fins al 25 per cent
00:24
between 2000 and 2010,
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entre el 2000 i el 2010,
00:26
and many people were beginning to write it off,
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i molta gent la considerava un cas perdut
00:28
as it had topped the list of American shrinking cities.
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ja que es va situar al cim de les ciutats americanes en decaiguda.
00:32
By 2010, I had also been asked by
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Al 2010, la fundació Kresge i la ciutat de Detroit
00:34
the Kresge Foundation and the city of Detroit
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també m'havien demanat
00:37
to join them in leading a citywide planning process
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que m'unís a ells per dirigir un procés d'organització urbana
00:40
for the city to create a shared vision for its future.
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per a que la ciutat creés una visió comunitària per al seu futur.
00:43
I come to this work
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Vinc a aquesta feina
00:45
as an architect and an urban planner,
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com a arquitecte i com a urbanista,
00:47
and I've spent my career working
in other contested cities,
in other contested cities,
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i he dedicat la meva carrera a treballar en altres ciutats disputades,
00:49
like Chicago, my hometown;
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com Chicago, la meva ciutat natal;
00:51
Harlem, which is my current home;
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Harlem, on visc actualment;
00:53
Washington, D.C.; and Newark, New Jersey.
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Washington, D.C.; i Newark, a Nova Jersey
00:56
All of these cities, to me, still had a number
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Totes aquestes ciutats, per a mi, encara tenien una quantitat
00:58
of unresolved issues related to urban justice,
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de problemes sense resoldre de justícia urbana,
01:01
issues of equity, inclusion and access.
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problemes d'igualtat, d'inclusió i accés.
01:06
Now by 2010, as well,
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Ara al 2010, també,
01:08
popular design magazines were also beginning
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revistes populars de disseny començaven a
01:10
to take a closer look at cities like Detroit,
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mirar de més a prop ciutats com Detroit,
01:12
and devoting whole issues to "fixing the city."
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i a dedicar edicions senceres a "arreglar la ciutat."
01:16
I was asked by a good friend, Fred Bernstein,
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Un bon amic meu, Fred Bernstein, em va demanar
01:18
to do an interview for the October issue
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que fes una entrevista per a l'edició d'octubre
01:20
of Architect magazine,
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de la revista Architect,
01:22
and he and I kind of had a good chuckle
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i els dos ens vam riure molt
01:24
when we saw the magazine released with the title,
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quan vam veure l'edició publicada amb el titol,
01:27
"Can This Planner Save Detroit?"
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"Pot aquesta urbanista salvar Detroit?"
01:30
So I'm smiling with a little bit
of embarrassment right now,
of embarrassment right now,
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I m'estava rient una mica avergonyida,
01:33
because obviously, it's completely absurd
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perquè obviament és completament absurd
01:35
that a single person, let alone a planner,
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que una sola persona, i menys un urbanista,
01:37
could save a city.
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pogués salvar una ciutat.
01:39
But I'm also smiling because I thought it represented
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Però també somreia perquè creia que aquell titol representava
01:41
a sense of hopefulness that our profession
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un sentit d'esperança vers la nostra professió,
01:44
could play a role in helping the city to think about
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de que pogués prendre part en ajudar a la ciutat a pensar
01:47
how it would recover from its severe crisis.
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com podia recuperar-se de la seva severa crisi.
01:51
So I'd like to spend a little bit of time this afternoon
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Així que m'agradaria dedicar una mica de temps aquesta tarda
01:53
and tell you a little bit about our process
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a explicar-vos una mica el nostre procés
01:55
for fixing the city, a little bit about Detroit,
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per recuperar la ciutat, una mica sobre Detroit,
01:57
and I want to do that through
the voices of Detroiters.
the voices of Detroiters.
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i vull fer-ho a través de les veus de la gent de Detroit.
02:00
So we began our process in September of 2010.
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Vam començar el nostre procés al setembre del 2010.
02:03
It's just after a special mayoral election,
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És just després d'unes eleccions especials a l'alcaldia,
02:06
and word has gotten out that there is going to be
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i s'ha corregut la veu de que hi haurà
02:08
this citywide planning process,
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aquest procés d'organització urbanística,
02:10
which brings a lot of anxiety and fears
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que aporta molta ansietat i por
02:12
among Detroiters.
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a la gent de Detroit.
02:14
We had planned to hold a number
of community meetings in rooms like this
of community meetings in rooms like this
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Havíem planejat tenir unes quantes reunions en habitacions com aquesta
02:18
to introduce the planning process,
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per a introduir el procés d'organització,
02:21
and people came out from all over the city,
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i la gent va venir de tots els racons de la ciutat,
02:23
including areas that were stable neighborhoods,
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incloent àrees que eren barris estables,
02:26
as well as areas that were beginning to see
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i àrees que començaven a tenir
02:27
a lot of vacancy.
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moltes vacants.
02:29
And most of our audience was representative
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I la majoria de la nostra audiència representava
02:31
of the 82 percent African-American population
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el 82 per cent de la població afro-americana
02:34
in the city at that time.
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a la ciutat en aquell moment.
02:36
So obviously, we have a Q&A portion of our program,
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Així que obviament, tenim un espai de preguntes i respostes en el nostre programa,
02:40
and people line up to mics to ask questions.
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i la gent feia cua als micròfons per fer preguntes.
02:43
Many of them step very firmly to the mic,
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Molts d'ells s'acostàven als micròfons molt segurs,
02:45
put their hands across their chest, and go,
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es creuaven de braços, i deien,
02:48
"I know you people are trying to
move me out of my house, right?"
move me out of my house, right?"
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"Sé que vosaltres esteu intentant fer-me fora de casa meva, oi?"
02:52
So that question is really powerful,
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Aquella pregunta tenia molta força,
02:54
and it was certainly powerful to us in the moment,
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i tenia molta força per a nosaltres en aquell moment,
02:57
when you connect it to the stories
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quan ho uneixes a les històries
02:59
that some Detroiters had,
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que alguns habitants de Detroit tenien,
03:01
and actually a lot of African-Americans'
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i també les havien tingut
03:03
families have had
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moltes famílies afro-americanes
03:04
that are living in Midwestern cities like Detroit.
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que vivien en ciutats del centre-oest com Detroit.
03:08
Many of them told us the stories about
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Molts d'ells ens van explicar histories sobre
03:10
how they came to own their home
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com van adquirir casa seva
03:12
through their grandparents or great-grandparents,
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a través dels seus avis o besavis,
03:14
who were one of 1.6 million people who migrated
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que eren una de les 1.6 milions de persones que havien migrat
03:17
from the rural South to the industrial North,
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del sud rural al nord industrial,
03:20
as depicted in this painting by Jacob Lawrence,
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com es veu en aquest quadre de Jacob Lawrence,
03:22
"The Great Migration."
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"La gran migració."
03:24
They came to Detroit for a better way of life.
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Van venir a Detroit per a buscar una vida millor.
03:27
Many found work in the automobile industry,
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Molts van trobar feina a l'indústria automobilística,
03:29
the Ford Motor Company, as depicted in this mural
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la companyia Ford Motor, com es veu en aquest mural
03:32
by Diego Rivera in the Detroit Institute of Art.
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de Diego Rivera a l'institut d'art de Detroit.
03:36
The fruits of their labors would afford them a home,
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Van poder comprarse una casa amb el fruit del seu esforç,
03:39
for many the first piece of property
that they would ever know,
that they would ever know,
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per a molts la primera propietat que mai tindrien,
03:42
and a community with other first-time
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i una comunitat amb altres primers
03:44
African-American home buyers.
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afro-americans que compraven cases.
03:46
The first couple of decades of their life in the North
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Les primeres dues dècades de la seva vida al nord
03:48
is quite well, up until about 1950,
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van anar força bé, fins al voltant del 1950,
03:51
which coincides with the city's peak population
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que coincideix amb el màxim de població de la ciutat
03:54
at 1.8 million people.
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de 1.8 milions de persones.
03:56
Now it's at this time that Detroit begins to see
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És ara que la ciutat de Detroit comença a veure
03:59
a second kind of migration,
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un segon tipus de migració,
04:01
a migration to the suburbs.
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una migració de suburbis.
04:03
Between 1950 and 2000,
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Entre el 1950 i el 2000,
04:06
the region grows by 30 percent.
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la regió creix un 30 per cent.
04:09
But this time, the migration leaves
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Però aquesta vegada, la migració deixa
04:11
African-Americans in place,
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els afro-americans al seu lloc,
04:13
as families and businesses flee the city,
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mentre famílies i negocis marxen de la ciutat,
04:16
leaving the city pretty desolate of people
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deixant la ciutat bastant desolada de gent
04:18
as well as jobs.
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i de feina.
04:20
During that same period, between
1950 and 2000, 2010,
1950 and 2000, 2010,
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Durant aquest mateix període, entre el 1950 i el 2000, el 2010,
04:25
the city loses 60 percent of its population,
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la ciutat perd un 60 per cent de la seva població,
04:28
and today it hovers at above 700,000.
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i avui ronda per sobre dels 700,000.
04:31
The audience members who come
and talk to us that night
and talk to us that night
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Els membres del públic que van venir a parlar amb nosaltres aquella nit
04:34
tell us the stories of what it's like to live in a city
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ens explicaven històries de com és viure en una ciutat
04:37
with such depleted population.
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amb una població tan minvant.
04:39
Many tell us that they're one of only a few homes
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Molts ens diuen que ells son una de les poques cases
04:42
on their block that are occupied,
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en el seu barri que estaven ocupades,
04:44
and that they can see several abandoned homes
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que poden veure moltes cases abandonades,
04:47
from where they sit on their porches.
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asseguts al seu porxo.
04:49
Citywide, there are 80,000 vacant homes.
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En tota la ciutat hi ha 80,000 cases buides.
04:54
They can also see vacant property.
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També poden veure propietats buides.
04:57
They're beginning to see illegal activities
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Estan començant a veure activitats il·legals
04:58
on these properties, like illegal dumping,
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en aquestes propietats, com deixalles il·legals,
05:01
and they know that because the city
has lost so much population,
has lost so much population,
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i ho saben perquè la ciutat ha perdut tanta població,
05:05
their costs for water, electricity, gas are rising,
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que el preu de l'aigua, l'electricitat i el gas està pujant,
05:10
because there are not enough people
to pay property taxes
to pay property taxes
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perquè no hi ha prou gent per pagar els impostos
05:13
to help support the services that they need.
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i ajudar a mantenir els serveis que necessiten.
05:16
Citywide, there are about 100,000 vacant parcels.
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En tota la ciutat, hi ha unes 100,000 parcel·les buides.
05:21
Now, to quickly give you all a sense of a scale,
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Ara, per donar-vos una idea de l'escala,
05:23
because I know that sounds like a big number,
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perquè sé que sona com a un nombre molt gran,
05:24
but I don't think you quite understand
until you look at the city map.
until you look at the city map.
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però no crec que ho entengueu del tot fins que veieu el mapa de la ciutat.
05:26
So the city is 139 square miles.
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La ciutat fa 139 milles quadrades.
05:29
You can fit Boston, San Francisco,
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Pots posar-hi Boston, San Francisco,
05:31
and the island of Manhattan
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i l'illa de Manhattan
05:33
within its footprint.
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dins la seva superfície.
05:34
So if we take all of that vacant
and abandoned property
and abandoned property
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Així que si agafem tota la propietat abandonada
05:37
and we smush it together,
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i l'ajuntem,
05:39
it looks like about 20 square miles,
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fan com unes 20 milles quadrades,
05:41
and that's roughly equivalent to the size
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i això és aproximadament l'equivalent a la mida
05:43
of the island we're sitting on today, Manhattan,
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de l'illa en la que estem avui, Manhattan,
05:45
at 22 square miles.
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d'unes 22 milles quadrades.
05:46
So it's a lot of vacancy.
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Així que és molt espai vacant.
05:50
Now some of our audience members
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Alguns dels nostres membres del públic
05:52
also tell us about some of the positive things
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també ens van explicar algunes coses positives
05:54
that are happening in their communities,
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que estan passant a les seves comunitats,
05:56
and many of them are banding together
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i moltes d'elles s'estan associant
05:58
to take control of some of the vacant lots,
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per conseguir el control d'algunes parcel·les buides,
06:00
and they're starting community gardens,
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i estan començant a fer jardins comunitaris,
06:01
which are creating a great sense
of community stewardship,
of community stewardship,
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que estan creant un gran sentit d'administració comunitària,
06:04
but they're very, very clear to tell us
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però ens van deixar molt, molt clar
06:06
that this is not enough,
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que no és suficient,
06:08
that they want to see their neighborhoods
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que volen veure els seus veïnats
06:09
return to the way that their
grandparents had found them.
grandparents had found them.
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tornar a estar com els seus avis els van trobar.
06:13
Now there's been a lot of speculation since 2010
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Hi ha hagut molta especulació des del 2010
06:15
about what to do with the vacant property,
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sobre què fer amb la propietat buida,
06:18
and a lot of that speculation has
been around community gardening,
been around community gardening,
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i molta d'aquesta especulació ha sigut sobre la jardineria comunitària,
06:21
or what we call urban agriculture.
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o el que anomenem agricultura urbana.
06:23
So many people would say to us,
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Molta gent ens deia,
06:24
"What if you just take all that vacant land
and you could make it farmland?
and you could make it farmland?
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"I si agafeu tota aquesta terra buida i la transforméssiu en terra per llaurar?
06:27
It can provide fresh foods,
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Pot produir menjar fresc,
06:29
and it can put Detroiters back to work too."
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i pot donar feina als habitants de Detroit també."
06:32
When I hear that story,
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Quan sento aquesta història,
06:33
I always imagine the folks from the Great Migration
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sempre m'imagino la gent de la Gran Migració
06:36
rolling over in their graves,
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retorçant-se a les seves tombes,
06:38
because you can imagine that they didn't sacrifice
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perquè us podeu imaginar que no es van sacrificar
06:42
moving from the South to the North
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mudant-se del sud al nord
06:44
to create a better life for their families,
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per crear una millor vida per a les seves famílies,
06:46
only to see their great-grandchildren
return to an agrarian lifestyle,
return to an agrarian lifestyle,
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només per veure els seus besnéts tornar a l'estil de vida agràri,
06:50
especially in a city where they came
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especialment a la ciutat on ells van anar
06:52
with little less than a high school education
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amb poc més que un graduat escolar
06:54
or even a grammar school education
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o fins i tot amb educació primària
06:56
and were able to afford the basic elements
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i podien permetre's les coses bàsiques
06:58
of the American dream:
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del somni americà:
07:00
steady work and a home that they owned.
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feina estable i una casa que era seva.
07:04
Now, there's a third wave of migration
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Ara hi ha una tercera ona de migració
07:06
happening in Detroit:
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a Detroit:
07:07
a new ascendant of cultural entrepreneurs.
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un nou ascendent d'emprenedors culturals.
07:11
These folks see that same vacant land
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Aquesta gent veuen la mateixa terra buida
07:13
and those same abandoned homes
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i les mateixes cases buides
07:14
as opportunity for new,
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com una oportunitat per a idees noves
07:16
entrepreneurial ideas and profit,
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i emprenedores i beneficis,
07:19
so much so that former models
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fins tal punt que nous models
07:21
can move to Detroit,
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poden mudar-se a Detroit,
07:22
buy property, start successful
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comprar propietats, començar negocis
07:24
businesses and restaurants,
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pròspers i restaurants,
07:26
and become successful community
activists in their neighborhood,
activists in their neighborhood,
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i tornar-se activistes comunitàris profitosos al seu barri,
07:29
bringing about very positive change.
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portant un canvi molt positiu.
07:32
Similarly, we have small manufacturing companies
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De la mateixa manera, tenim petites companyies de producció
07:35
making conscious decisions to relocate to the city.
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prenent decisions deliberades per resituar-se a la ciutat.
07:38
This company, Shinola, which is a luxury watch
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Aquesta companyia, Shinola, que és una companyia de
07:41
and bicycle company,
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rellotges i bicicletes de luxe,
07:43
deliberately chose to relocate to Detroit,
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ha triat deliberadament resituar-se a Detroit,
07:45
and they quote themselves by saying
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i es citen a ells mateixos dient
07:47
they were drawn to the global brand
of Detroit's innovation.
of Detroit's innovation.
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que van ser atrets per la marca global de la innovació de Detroit.
07:51
And they also knew that
they can tap into a workforce
they can tap into a workforce
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I també sabien que podien accedir a una mà d'obra
07:54
that was still very skilled in how to make things.
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que encara poseia gran habilitat per a fer coses.
07:57
Now we have community stewardship
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Tenim una comunitat administrativa
08:00
happening in neighborhoods,
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succeïnt als barris,
08:02
we have cultural entrepreneurs making decisions
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tenim emprenedors culturals prenent decisions
08:04
to move to the city and create enterprises,
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per moure la ciutat i crear empreses,
08:07
and we have businesses relocating,
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i tenim empreses resituant-se,
08:09
and this is all in the context
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i tot això en el context
08:11
of what is no secret to us all,
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del que no és cap secret per nosaltres,
08:13
a city that's under the control
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una ciutat que està sota el control
08:15
of an emergency manager,
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d'un gestor d'emergència,
08:16
and just this July filed for Chapter 9 bankruptcy.
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i justament aquest juliol va solicitar el capítol 9 de fallida.
08:21
So 2010, we started this process, and by 2013,
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Al 2010 vam començar aquest procés, i al 2013,
08:24
we released Detroit Future City,
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vam emetre Detroit Future City,
08:26
which was our strategic plan to guide the city
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que era el nostre pla estratègic per a guiar la ciutat
08:29
into a better and more prosperous
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a una existència millor, més pròspera
08:31
and more sustainable existence --
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i més sostenible--
08:33
not what it was, but what it could be,
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no el que era, però el que podia ser,
08:36
looking at new ways of economic growth,
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mirant cap a noves maneres de creixement econòmic,
08:40
new forms of land use,
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noves formes d'utilitzar la terra,
08:42
more sustainable and denser neighborhoods,
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més sostenibles i veïnats més densos,
08:45
a reconfigured infrastructure
and city service system,
and city service system,
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una infraestructura reconvertida i un sistema de serveis ciutadans,
08:48
and a heightened capacity for civic leaders
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i intensificar la capacitat dels líders civils
08:51
to take action and implement change.
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per actuar i implementar el canvi.
08:54
Three key imperatives were really important
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Hi havia tres claus imprescindibles molt importants
08:57
to our work.
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per a la nostra feina.
08:58
One was that the city itself
wasn't necessarily too large,
wasn't necessarily too large,
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Una era que la ciutat en sí no era massa gran,
09:02
but the economy was too small.
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però l'economia era massa petita.
09:04
There are only 27 jobs per 100 people in Detroit,
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Hi ha només 27 llocs de treball per cada 100 persones a Detroit,
09:07
very different from a Denver
or an Atlanta or a Philadelphia
or an Atlanta or a Philadelphia
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molt diferent de Denver, Atlanta o Philadelphia
09:11
that are anywhere between
35 to 70 jobs per 100 people.
35 to 70 jobs per 100 people.
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que tenen entre 35 i 70 llocs de treball per cada 100 persones.
09:15
Secondly, there had to be an acceptance
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En segon lloc, havíem d'acceptar
09:18
that we were not going to be able to use
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que no podríem fer servir
09:20
all of this vacant land in the way that we had before
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tota aquesta terra buida de la mateixa manera que abans
09:23
and maybe for some time to come.
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i potser no podríem en una llarga temporada.
09:25
It wasn't going to be our traditional
residential neighborhoods
residential neighborhoods
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No serien els nostres tradicionals barris residencials
09:27
as we had before,
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com els que teníem abans,
09:29
and urban agriculture, while a very productive
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i una agricultura urbana no era l'única resposta,
09:32
and successful intervention happening in Detroit,
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mentre una intervenció molt producitva i competent
09:34
was not the only answer,
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estava succeïnt a Detroit,
09:36
that what we had to do is look at these areas
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el que havíem de fer era mirar aquestes àrees
09:39
where we had significant vacancy
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on teníem un buit important
09:41
but still had a significant number of population
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però que encara teníen un nombre de població important,
09:44
of what could be new, productive, innovative,
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el que podia tenir usos nous, productius, innovadors
09:47
and entrepreneurial uses
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i emprenedors
09:48
that could stabilize those communities,
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que podia establitizar aquestes comunitats,
09:50
where still nearly 300,000 residents lived.
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a on encara vivien al voltant de 300,000 persones.
09:54
So we came up with one neighborhood typology --
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Així que se'ns va ocórrer un model de barri --
09:56
there are several --
called a live-make neighborhood,
called a live-make neighborhood,
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n'hi ha varis -- anomenat un barri creador-de-vida
09:59
where folks could reappropriate
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1959
on la gent es pogués tornar a apoderar
10:01
abandoned structures
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de les estructures abandonades
10:03
and turn them into entrepreneurial enterprises,
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i convertir-es en empreses emprenedores,
10:05
with a specific emphasis on looking at the, again,
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amb un èmfasi específic en mirar a, un altre cop,
10:09
majority 82 percent African-American population.
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la majoria del 82 per cent de la població afro-americana.
10:12
So they, too, could take businesses
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De manera que ells, també, poguéssin tenir negocis
10:14
that they maybe were doing out of their home
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que potser estiguéssin fent fora de casa seva
10:16
and grow them to more prosperous industries
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2711
i fer-los créixer en indústries més pròsperes
10:19
and actually acquire property so they were actually
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2710
i adquirir propietats per a que poguéssin ser
10:22
property owners as well as business owners
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propietàris de casa seva al mateix temps que propietàris del seu negoci
10:24
in the communities with which they resided.
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a les comunitats en les que vivien.
10:27
Then we also wanted to look at other ways
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També voliem mirar altres maneres
10:29
of using land in addition to growing food
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d'utilitzar la terra a més a més de per a cultivar aliment
10:32
and transforming landscape into
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1824
i transformar el paissatge en
10:34
much more productive uses,
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usos molt més productius,
10:36
so that it could be used for storm
water management, for example,
water management, for example,
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per a que pogués ser utilitzada per a l'administració d'aigües pluvials, com per exemple,
10:39
by using surface lakes and retention ponds,
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utilitzant llacs superficials i estanys de retenció,
10:42
that created neighborhood amenities,
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que creessin serveis pels barris,
10:44
places of recreation,
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llocs recreatius,
10:45
and actually helped to elevate
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1817
i que ajudéssin de veritat a elevar
10:47
adjacent property levels.
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els nivells de propietat adjacent.
10:49
Or we could use it as research plots,
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O podríem fer-la servir com a terrenys de recerca,
10:51
where we can use it to remediate contaminated soils,
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on podem utilitzar-los per a solucionar els terrenys contaminats,
10:54
or we could use it to generate energy.
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o per a generar energia.
10:58
So the descendants of the Great Migration
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Així que els descendents de la Gran Migració
11:01
could either become precision
watchmakers at Shinola,
watchmakers at Shinola,
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podríen convertir-se en rellotgers de precisió a Shinola,
11:05
like Willie H., who was featured
in one of their ads last year,
in one of their ads last year,
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com en Willie H., que va sortir en un dels seus anúncis l'any passat,
11:08
or they can actually grow a business
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o poden crear un negoci
11:10
that would service companies like Shinola.
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que podria servir a companyies com Shinola.
11:13
The good news is, there is a future
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Les bones notícies son que hi ha un futur
11:15
for the next generation of Detroiters,
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per a la següent generació dels habitants de Detroit,
11:18
both those there now and those that want to come.
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les dues, els que són allà ara i els que volen venir.
11:21
So no thank you, Mayor Menino,
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Així que "no, gràcies", alcalde Menino,
11:23
who recently was quoted as saying,
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que va dir recentment,
11:24
"I'd blow up the place and start over."
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"Jo ho volaria tot pels aires i començaria de nou."
11:27
There are very important people,
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Hi ha gent molt important,
11:29
business and land assets in Detroit,
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negocis i territoris a Detroit,
11:32
and there are real opportunities there.
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i hi ha oportunitats de veritat allà.
11:34
So while Detroit might not be what it was,
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Així que tot i que Detroit no és el que era,
11:36
Detroit will not die.
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Detroit no morirà.
11:38
Thank you.
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Gràcies.
11:40
(Applause)
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(Aplaudiments)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Toni Griffin - Place makerToni Griffin is an urban planner working to make cities more just and resilient.
Why you should listen
Toni Griffin is the Founding Director of the J. Max Bond Center on Design for the Just City at the City College of New York. In addition to her academic involvement, Griffin maintains an active private practice based in New York. Prior to returning to private practice, Griffin created a centralized division of planning and urban design for the City of Newark, New Jersey, and before that, worked on waterfront and neighborhood revitalization in Washington, D.C.
Griffin recently served as director of the Detroit Works Project, and in 2012 completed and released Detroit Future City, a comprehensive citywide framework plan for urban transformation.
Toni Griffin | Speaker | TED.com