TED2014
David Brooks: Should you live for your résumé ... or your eulogy?
David Brooks: Skal du leve for dit CV ... eller dit mindeord?
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Inden i os er der to selv, foreslår David Brooks i denne korte meditative tale: Det selv som efterstræber succes, som bygger et CV og det selv der søger forbindelse, samhørighed, kærlighed -- de værdier som skabe et stort mindeord. (Joseph Soloveitchik har kaldt disse selv for "Adam 1" og "Adam 2" Brooks spørger: kan vi balancere disse to selv?
David Brooks - Op-ed columnist
Writer and thinker David Brooks has covered business, crime and politics over a long career in journalism. Full bio
Writer and thinker David Brooks has covered business, crime and politics over a long career in journalism. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
So I've been thinking about the difference between
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Så jeg har tænkt over forskellen mellem
00:14
the résumé virtues and
the eulogy virtues.
the eulogy virtues.
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dyderne på et CV og dyderne i en mindetale.
00:17
The résumé virtues are the
ones you put on your résumé,
ones you put on your résumé,
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CV-dyderne er dem du putter i dit CV,
00:20
which are the skills
you bring to the marketplace.
you bring to the marketplace.
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som er de færdigheder hvorved du sælger dig på markedet.
00:23
The eulogy virtues are the ones
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Dyderne i en mindetale, er dem
00:25
that get mentioned in the eulogy,
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som vil blive sagt i en mindetale,
00:27
which are deeper: who are you,
in your depth,
in your depth,
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som er dybere: Hvem du dybest set er,
00:30
what is the nature of your relationships,
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hvad er naturen af dine relationer
00:31
are you bold, loving, dependable, consistency?
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er du modig, elskelig, troværdig, sammenhængende?
00:35
And most of us, including
me, would say
me, would say
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Og de fleste af os, inklusiv mig selv, vil sige
00:36
that the eulogy virtues are the
more important of the virtues.
more important of the virtues.
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at dyderne i en mindetale er de vigtigste af dyderne.
00:40
But at least in my case,
are they the ones that
are they the ones that
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Men, i det mindste i mit tilfælde, er de såT dem
00:42
I think about the most?
And the answer is no.
And the answer is no.
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jeg tænker mest på?
Og svaret er nej.
Og svaret er nej.
00:45
So I've been thinking about that problem,
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Jeg har tænkt over det problem,
00:47
and a thinker who has
helped me think about it
helped me think about it
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og en tænker som har hjulpet mig med at tænke over det
00:48
is a guy named Joseph Soloveitchik, who was a rabbi
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er en fyr kaldet Joseph Soloveitchik, som var en rabbiner
00:50
who wrote a book called "The
Lonely Man Of Faith" in 1965.
Lonely Man Of Faith" in 1965.
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der skrev en bog kaldet: "Den ensomme troens mand" i 1965
00:53
Soloveitchik said there are two sides of our natures,
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Soloveitchik sagde at der er to sider af vores natur,
00:56
which he called Adam I
and Adam II.
and Adam II.
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som han kaldte Adam 1 og Adam 2.
00:59
Adam I is the worldly, ambitious,
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Adam 1 er den verdslige, ambitiøse,
01:00
external side of our nature.
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udadvendte side af vores natur.
01:03
He wants to build, create,
create companies,
create companies,
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Ham der vil bygge, skabe, danne virksomheder,
01:05
create innovation.
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skabe innovation.
01:06
Adam II is the humble
side of our nature.
side of our nature.
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Adam 2 er den ydmyge side af vores natur.
01:09
Adam II wants not only
to do good but to be good,
to do good but to be good,
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Adam 2 vil ikke bare gøre det godt, men vil være god,
01:12
to live in a way internally
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vil leve et sådant indre liv
01:14
that honors God, creation and our possibilities.
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som ærer gud, skabelsen og vores muligheder.
01:18
Adam I wants to conquer the world.
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Adam 1 ønsker at erobre verdenen.
01:19
Adam II wants to hear
a calling and obey the world.
a calling and obey the world.
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Adam 2 ønsker at høre et kald og adlyde verdenen.
01:22
Adam I savors accomplishment.
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Adam 1 nyder bedrifter.
01:25
Adam II savors inner
consistency and strength.
consistency and strength.
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Adam 2 nyder indre sammenhæng og styrke.
01:27
Adam I asks how things work.
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Adam 1 spørger hvordan tingene fungerer.
01:30
Adam II asks why we're here.
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Adam 2 spørger hvorfor vi er her.
01:32
Adam I's motto is "success."
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Adam 1's motto er "succes".
01:35
Adam II's motto is "love, redemption and return."
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Adam 2's motto er "kærlighed, forløsning og hjemkomst".
01:39
And Soloveitchik argued
that these two sides
that these two sides
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Og Soloveitchik argumenterede for, at disse to sider
01:41
of our nature are
at war with each other.
at war with each other.
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af vores natur er i krig med hinanden.
01:43
We live in perpetual self-confrontation
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Vi lever i en evig selv-konfrontation
01:45
between the external success and the internal value.
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mellem den eksterne succes og de indre værdier.
01:49
And the tricky thing,
I'd say, about these
I'd say, about these
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Og den besværlige side, vil jeg mene, af disse
01:51
two sides of our nature is they work
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to sider af vores natur er at de arbejder
01:53
by different logics.
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efter forskellig logikker.
01:55
The external logic is
an economic logic:
an economic logic:
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Den eksterne logik er en økonomisk logik:
01:57
input leads to output,
risk leads to reward.
risk leads to reward.
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Input leder til output, risiko leder til gevinst.
02:01
The internal side of our nature
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Den interne side af vores natur
02:03
is a moral logic and
often an inverse logic.
often an inverse logic.
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er en moralsk logik og ofte en omvendt logik.
02:06
You have to give to receive.
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Du må give for at modtage.
02:08
You have to surrender
to something outside yourself
to something outside yourself
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Du må overgive dig til noget udenfor dig selv
02:10
to gain strength within yourself.
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for at opnå indre styrke.
02:12
You have to conquer the
desire to get what you want.
desire to get what you want.
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Du må erobre begæret for at få hvad du vil have.
02:14
In order to fulfill yourself,
you have to forget yourself.
you have to forget yourself.
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For at indfri dig selv, må du glemme dig selv.
02:17
In order to find yourself,
you have to lose yourself.
you have to lose yourself.
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For at finde dig selv, må du tabe dig selv.
02:21
We happen to live in a society
that favors Adam I,
that favors Adam I,
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Vi lever i et samfund som belønner Adam 1,
02:24
and often neglects Adam II.
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og ofte negligerer Adam 2.
02:27
And the problem is, that turns
you into a shrewd animal
you into a shrewd animal
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Og problemet er at det gør dig til et udspekuleret dyr
02:30
who treats life as a game,
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som betragter livet som et spil,
02:31
and you become a cold,
calculating creature
calculating creature
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og du bliver et koldt kalkulerende bæst,
02:34
who slips into a sort of mediocrity
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som glider ned i en slags middelmådighed
02:37
where you realize there's a difference
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hvor du opdager at der er en forskel
02:38
between your desired
self and your actual self.
self and your actual self.
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mellem dit ønskede selv og dit faktiske selv.
02:41
You're not earning the sort of eulogy you want,
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Du fortjener ikke den form for mindetale du ønsker,
02:45
you hope someone will give to you.
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som du håber at nogen vil give dig.
02:46
You don't have the
depth of conviction.
depth of conviction.
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Du har ikke den dybe overbevisning.
02:48
You don't have an emotional sonorousness.
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Du har ikke den følelsesmæssige dybde.
02:51
You don't have
commitment to tasks
commitment to tasks
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Du føler ikke forpligtelse til opgaver
02:52
that would take more than a lifetime to commit.
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som det vil tage mere end et menneskeliv at udføre.
02:56
I was reminded of a common
response through history
response through history
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Jeg blev mindet om et almindeligt svar gennem historien på
02:59
of how you build a solid Adam II,
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hvordan du bygger en solid Adam 2,
03:02
how you build a depth of character.
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hvordan du bygger en dyb karakter.
03:04
Through history, people
have gone back
have gone back
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Igennem historien, er folk gået tilbage
03:07
into their own pasts,
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til deres egen fortid,
03:09
sometimes to a precious
time in their life,
time in their life,
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nogen gange til en dyrebar tid i deres liv,
03:11
to their childhood,
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til deres barndom,
03:12
and often, the mind
gravitates in the past
gravitates in the past
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og ofte vil tankerne i fortiden drages mod
03:16
to a moment of shame,
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til et øjeblik med skam,
03:18
some sin committed,
some act of selfishness,
some act of selfishness,
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en begået synd, en selvisk handling,
03:21
an act of omission, of shallowness,
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en udeladt eller overfladisk handling,
03:23
the sin of anger, the sin of self-pity,
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vredens synd, selvmedlidenheds synd
03:26
trying to be a people-pleaser,
a lack of courage.
a lack of courage.
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forsøg på at være en spytslikker, mangel på mod.
03:29
Adam I is built by
building on your strengths.
building on your strengths.
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Adam 1 er bygget på en opbygning af dine styrker.
03:34
Adam II is built by fighting
your weaknesses.
your weaknesses.
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Adam 2 er bygget på at kæmpe mod dine svagheder.
03:38
You go into yourself,
you find the sin
you find the sin
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Du går ind i dig selv, du finder synden
03:41
which you've committed over
and again through your life,
and again through your life,
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som du har begået igen og igen igennem livet,
03:42
your signature sin
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din signatursynd
03:44
out of which the others emerge,
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fra hvilken de andre udspringer,
03:47
and you fight that sin and you wrestle with that sin,
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og du kæmper mod den synd og du brydes med den,
03:50
and out of that wrestling,
that suffering,
that suffering,
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og ud af den brydning, den lidelse
03:53
then a depth of character is constructed.
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bliver karakterens dybde formet.
03:57
And we're often not
taught to recognize
taught to recognize
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Og vi er ofte ikke oplært i at genkende
03:58
the sin in ourselves,
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synden i os selv,
04:00
in that we're not taught in this culture
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og vi er ikke oplært i denne kultur
04:01
how to wrestle with it,
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i hvordan vi skal brydes med den,
04:03
how to confront it,
and how to combat it.
and how to combat it.
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hvordan vi konfronterer den og
hvordan vi bekæmper den.
hvordan vi bekæmper den.
04:06
We live in a culture
with an Adam I mentality
with an Adam I mentality
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Vi lever i en kultur med en Adam 1 mentalitet
04:09
where we're inarticulate
about Adam II.
about Adam II.
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og vi er stumme omkring Adam 2.
04:13
Finally, Reinhold Niebuhr
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Til sidst, Reinhold Niebuhr
04:14
summed up the confrontation, the fully lived
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opsummerede konfrontationen mellem det fuldt levede
04:16
Adam I and Adam II life, this way:
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Adam 1 liv og Adam 2 liv, på denne måde:
04:20
"Nothing that is worth doing
can be achieved in our lifetime;
can be achieved in our lifetime;
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"Intet der er værd at gøre kan opnås i vores levetid,
04:23
therefore we must
be saved by hope.
be saved by hope.
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derfor må vi blive frelst af håb.
04:26
Nothing which is true or
beautiful or good makes
beautiful or good makes
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Intet der er sandt eller smukt eller godt giver
04:29
complete sense in any immediate context of history;
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komplet mening i en umiddelbar
historisk sammenhæng.
historisk sammenhæng.
04:32
therefore we must be saved by faith.
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Derfor må vi blive frelst igennem tro.
04:34
Nothing we do, however virtuous,
can be accomplished alone;
can be accomplished alone;
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Intet vi kan gøre, uanset hvor dydigt,
kan blive fuldført alene.
kan blive fuldført alene.
04:38
therefore we must
be saved by love.
be saved by love.
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Derfor må vi frelses gennem kærlighed.
04:41
No virtuous act is quite as virtuous
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Ingen dydig handling er helt så dydig
04:44
from the standpoint of our friend
or foe as from our own standpoint.
or foe as from our own standpoint.
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set fra vor ven eller fjendes synspunkt,
som fra vores eget
som fra vores eget
04:48
Therefore we must be saved
by that final form of love,
by that final form of love,
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Derfor må vi frelses af den endelige form for kærlighed,
04:50
which is forgiveness.”
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som er tilgivelse."
04:52
Thanks.
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Mange tak.
04:54
(Applause)
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(Bifald)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Brooks - Op-ed columnistWriter and thinker David Brooks has covered business, crime and politics over a long career in journalism.
Why you should listen
David Brooks became an Op-Ed columnist for The New York Times in September 2003. He is currently a commentator on "The PBS Newshour," NPR’s "All Things Considered" and NBC's "Meet the Press."
He is the author of Bobos in Paradise and The Social Animal. In April 2015, he released with his fourth book, The Road to Character, which was a #1 New York Times bestseller.
Brooks also teaches at Yale University, and is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences.
Born on August 11, 1961 in Toronto, Canada, Brooks graduated a bachelor of history from the University of Chicago in 1983. He became a police reporter for the City News Bureau, a wire service owned jointly by the Chicago Tribune and Sun-Times.
He worked at The Washington Times and then The Wall Street Journal for nine years. His last post at the Journal was as Op-ed Editor. Prior to that, he was posted in Brussels, covering Russia, the Middle East, South Africa and European affairs. His first post at the Journal was as editor of the book review section, and he filled in as the Journal's movie critic.
He also served as a senior editor at The Weekly Standard for 9 years, as well as contributing editor for The Atlantic and Newsweek.
David Brooks | Speaker | TED.com