TED2009
Saul Griffith: High-altitude wind energy from kites!
Saul Griffith om drager som fremtidens vedvarende energi
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I denne korte tale afslører Saul Griffith opfindelsen som hans nye firma Makani Power har arbejdet på: kæmpe drageturbiner der skaber overraskende mængder af ren, vedvarende energi.
Saul Griffith - Inventor
Inventor Saul Griffith looks for elegant ways to make real things, from low-cost eyeglasses to a kite that tows boats. His latest projects include open-source inventions and elegant new ways to generate power. Full bio
Inventor Saul Griffith looks for elegant ways to make real things, from low-cost eyeglasses to a kite that tows boats. His latest projects include open-source inventions and elegant new ways to generate power. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:22
If you're at all like me,
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Hvis du på nogen måde ligner mig,
00:23
this is what you do with the sunny summer weekends in San Francisco:
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er det her, hvad du laver i de solrige sommerweekender i San Francisco:
00:26
you build experimental kite-powered hydrofoils
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du bygger eksperimentelle dragedrevne flyvebåde
00:29
capable of more than 30 knots.
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som kan sejle mere end 30 knob.
00:31
And you realize that there is incredible power in the wind,
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Og du indser at der er en utrolig kraft i vinden,
00:34
and it can do amazing things.
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og den kan gøre forbløffende ting.
00:36
And one day, a vessel not unlike this
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Og en dag, vil et fartøj der ligner dette
00:38
will probably break the world speed record.
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sandsynligvis slå verdens hastighedsrekord.
00:40
But kites aren't just toys like this.
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Men drager er ikke kun legetøj som dette.
00:43
Kites: I'm going to give you a brief history,
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Drager. Jeg vil give jer en kort historie,
00:45
and tell you about the magnificent future
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og fortælle jer om den storslåede fremtid
00:47
of every child's favorite plaything.
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for ethvert barns favoritlegetøj.
00:50
So, kites are more than a thousand years old,
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Drager er mere end tusind år gamle,
00:52
and the Chinese used them for military applications,
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og kineserne brugte dem til militære formål,
00:55
and even for lifting men.
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endda til at løfte mennesker,
00:56
So they knew at that stage they could carry large weights.
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Så de vidste på det tidspunkt at den kunne bære en stor vægt.
00:59
I'm not sure why there is a hole in this particular man.
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Jeg er ikke sikker på hvorfor der er et hul i denne mand.
01:01
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
01:03
In 1827, a fellow called George Pocock
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I 1827, var der en gut kaldet George Pocock
01:06
actually pioneered the use of kites for towing buggies
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der faktisk pionerede brugen af drager til at trække vogne
01:09
in races against horse carriages across the English countryside.
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i løb imod vogne trukket af heste over hele England.
01:14
Then of course, at the dawn of aviation,
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Så selvfølgelig, ved luftfartens begyndelse,
01:16
all of the great inventors of the time --
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pionerede alle de store opfindere på den tid --
01:18
like Hargreaves, like Langley,
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som Hargreaves, som Langley,
01:20
even Alexander Graham Bell, inventor of the telephone, who was flying this kite --
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endda Alexander Graham Bell, opfinderen af telefonen, som fløj denne drage --
01:23
were doing so in the pursuit of aviation.
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i jagten på luftfart.
01:26
Then these two fellows came along,
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Så kom de her to gutter,
01:28
and they were flying kites to develop the control systems
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og de fløj drager for at udvikle kontrolsystemerne
01:31
that would ultimately enable powered human flight.
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som i sidste ende ville muliggøre motordreven luftfart for mennesker.
01:34
So this is of course Orville and Wilbur Wright,
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Det er selvfølgelig Orville og Wilbur Wright,
01:37
and the Wright Flyer.
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og Wright Flyer(Wright flyvemaskinen).
01:39
And their experiments with kites led to this
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Og deres eksperimenter med drager ledte til denne
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momentous occasion, where we powered up and took off for the
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betydningsfulde begivenhed, hvor vi ladede op og lettede for den
01:44
first-ever 12-second human flight.
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første 12 sekunders flyvetur med mennesker nogensinde.
01:48
And that was fantastic for the future of commercial aviation.
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Og det var fantastisk for fremtidens kommercielle luftfart.
01:52
But unfortunately, it relegated kites once again to be considered children's toys.
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Men uheldigvis, nedsatte det drager til igen at blive anset for at være børnelegetøj.
01:56
That was until the 1970s, where we had the last energy crisis.
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Det var indtil 1970'erne, hvor vi havde vores sidste energikrise.
02:00
And a fabulous man called Miles Loyd
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Og en fabelagtig mand kaldet Miles Loyd
02:02
who lives on the outskirts of San Francisco,
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som lever i udkanten af San Francisco,
02:04
wrote this seminal paper that was completely ignored
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der skrev dette skelsættende indlæg der var totalt ignoreret,
02:07
in the Journal of Energy
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i Journal of Energy(Energi Journalen),
02:08
about how to use basically an airplane on a piece of string
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om hvordan man, dybest set, får en flyvemaskine i en snor
02:12
to generate enormous amounts of electricity.
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til at generere enorme mængder af elektricitet.
02:15
The real key observation he made is that
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Den virkelige nøgleobservation han gjorde, var at
02:17
a free-flying wing can sweep through more sky and generate more power
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en fritflyvende vinge kan fare gennem mere himmel og generere mere energi
02:21
in a unit of time than a fixed-wing turbine.
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på en tidsenhed end en fikseret vingeturbine.
02:25
So turbines grew. And they can now span up to three hundred feet at the hub height,
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Så turbinerne voksede. Og de kan nu spænde op til trehundrede fod fra centrum,
02:29
but they can't really go a lot higher,
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men de kan ikke rigtig gå ret meget højere op,
02:31
and more height is where the more wind is, and more power --
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og mere højde er hvor der er mere vind, og mere energi --
02:34
as much as twice as much.
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op til dobbelt så meget.
02:36
So cut to now. We still have an energy crisis,
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Så gå frem til nu. Vi har stadig en energikrise,
02:39
and now we have a climate crisis as well. You know,
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og nu har vi også en klimakrise.
02:42
so humans generate about 12 trillion watts,
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Mennesker generer omkring 12 trillioner watt,
02:45
or 12 terawatts, from fossil fuels.
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eller 12 terawatt, fra fossile brændstoffer.
02:47
And Al Gore has spoken to why we need to hit one of these targets,
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Og Al Gore har talt om hvorfor vi er nødt til at ramme et af disse mål,
02:51
and in reality what that means is in the next 30 to 40 years,
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og i virkeligheden betyder det i løbet af de næste 30 til 40 år,
02:55
we have to make 10 trillion watts or more of new clean energy somehow.
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at vi er nødt til at lave 10 trillioner watt eller mere af ny ren energi, på en måde.
03:01
Wind is the second-largest renewable resource after solar:
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Vind er den næststørste vedvarende ressource efter solen:
03:05
3600 terawatts, more than enough to supply humanity 200 times over.
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3600 terawatt, mere end nok til at forsyne menneskeheden over 200 gange.
03:09
The majority of it is in the higher altitudes, above 300 feet,
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Majoriteten af det er i de højere luftlag, over 300 fod,
03:13
where we don't have a technology as yet to get there.
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hvor vi ikke har teknologien endnu til at komme op.
03:17
So this is the dawn of the new age of kites.
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Så det er begyndelsen på den nye alder for drager.
03:19
This is our test site on Maui, flying across the sky.
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Dette er vores test sted på Maui, flyvende igennem skyerne.
03:23
I'm now going to show you
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Jeg vil nu vise jer
03:25
the first autonomous generation of power
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den første autonome generering af energi
03:28
by every child's favorite plaything.
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af alle børns favoritlegetøj.
03:31
As you can tell, you need to be a robot to fly this thing for thousands of hours.
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Som I kan se, er man nødt til at være en robot for at flyve den i tusindvis af timer.
03:35
It makes you a little nauseous.
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Den giver lidt kvalme.
03:37
And here we're actually generating about 10 kilowatts --
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Og her generer vi faktisk omkring 10 kilowatt --
03:39
so, enough to power probably five United States households --
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altså nok el til omkring fem amerikanske husholdninger --
03:42
with a kite not much larger than this piano.
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med en drage der ikke er meget større end dette klaver.
03:45
And the real significant thing here
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Og den virkelig signifikante ting her
03:47
is we're developing the control systems,
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er at vi har udviklet kontrolsystemerne,
03:49
as did the Wright brothers, that would enable sustained, long-duration flight.
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præcis som Wright brødrene, der ville muliggøre en vedholdende flyvetur over lang tid.
03:54
And it doesn't hurt to do it in a location like this either.
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Og det skader ikke at gøre det et sted som dette.
03:59
So this is the equivalent for a kite flier of peeing in the snow --
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Så dette er for en drage tilsvarende det at tisse i sneen.
04:02
that's tracing your name in the sky.
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Det er at tegne dit navn i skyerne.
04:04
And this is where we're actually going.
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Og det er faktisk hvor vi er på vej hen.
04:06
So we're beyond the 12-second steps.
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Så vi er længere end 12 sekunders-skridtene.
04:08
And we're working towards megawatt-scale machines
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Og vi arbejder os hen imod megawatt-maskiner
04:10
that fly at 2000 feet and generate tons of clean electricity.
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der flyver ved 200 fod og generer tonsvis af ren elektricitet.
04:14
So you ask, how big are those machines?
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Du spørger måske, hvor store er de maskiner?
04:16
Well, this paper plane would be maybe a -- oop!
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Den her papirsflyver ville måske være en -- oop!
04:19
That would be enough to power your cell phone.
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Den ville være nok til at forsyne din mobiltelefon.
04:22
Your Cessna would be 230 killowatts.
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Dit Cessna ville være en 230 kilowatt.
04:25
If you'd loan me your Gulfstream, I'll rip its wings off and generate you a megawatt.
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Hvis du lånte mig din Gulfstream, så ville jeg rive dens vinger af og genere dig en megawatt.
04:29
If you give me a 747, I'll make six megawatts,
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Hvis du gav mig en 747, ville jeg lave seks megawatt,
04:32
which is more than the largest wind turbines today.
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hvilket er mere end den største vindturbine i dag.
04:35
And the Spruce Goose would be a 15-megawatt wing.
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Og en Spruce Goose ville være en 15 megawatt vinge.
04:38
So that is audacious, you say. I agree.
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Så det er dristigt siger du. Jeg er enig.
04:41
But audacious is what has happened many times before in history.
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Men dristig er hvad der er sket mange gange før i historien.
04:44
This is a refrigerator factory,
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Det her er en køleskabsfabrik,
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churning out airplanes for World War II.
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der lavede flyvemaskiner under 2. Verdenskrig.
04:49
Prior to World War II, they were making 1000 planes a year.
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Før 2. Verdenskrig, lavede de 1000 flyvemaskiner om året.
04:52
By 1945, they were making 100,000.
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I 1945, lavede de 100.000.
04:55
With this factory and 100,000 planes a year,
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Med denne fabrik og 100.000 flyvemaskiner om året,
04:57
we could make all of America's electricity in about 10 years.
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kunne vi lave al Amerikas elektricitet på omkring 10 år.
05:01
So really this is a story about the audacious plans of young people
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Så det er virkelig en historie om de dristige planer af unge mennesker
05:04
with these dreams. There are many of us.
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med de her drømme. Der er mange af os.
05:06
I am lucky enough to work with 30 of them.
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Jeg er heldig nok til at arbejde med 30 af dem.
05:08
And I think we need to support all of the dreams
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Og jeg tror vi er nød til at støtte alle de drømme
05:10
of the kids out there doing these crazy things.
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af de unge mennesker derude der laver de her skøre ting.
05:13
Thank you.
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Tak.
05:14
(Applause)
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(Klapsalver)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Saul Griffith - InventorInventor Saul Griffith looks for elegant ways to make real things, from low-cost eyeglasses to a kite that tows boats. His latest projects include open-source inventions and elegant new ways to generate power.
Why you should listen
Innovator and inventor Saul Griffith has a uniquely open approach to problem solving. Whether he's devising a way to slash the cost of prescription eyeglasses or teaching science through cartoons, Griffith makes things and then shares his ideas with the world.
A proponent of open-source information, he established Instructables , an open website showing how to make an array of incredible objects. He is the co-founder of numerous companies including Squid Labs, Low Cost Eyeglasses, Potenco and Makani Power, where he is President and Chief Scientist. His companies have invented a myriad of new devices and materials, such as a "smart" rope that senses its load, or a machine for making low-cost eyeglass lenses through a process inspired by a water droplet. He is a columnist at Make magazine and co-writes How Toons! He's fascinated with materials that assemble themselves, and with taking advantage of those properties to make things quickly and cheaply.
Saul Griffith | Speaker | TED.com