ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Saul Griffith - Inventor
Inventor Saul Griffith looks for elegant ways to make real things, from low-cost eyeglasses to a kite that tows boats. His latest projects include open-source inventions and elegant new ways to generate power.

Why you should listen

Innovator and inventor Saul Griffith has a uniquely open approach to problem solving. Whether he's devising a way to slash the cost of prescription eyeglasses or teaching science through cartoons, Griffith makes things and then shares his ideas with the world.

A proponent of open-source information, he established Instructables , an open website showing how to make an array of incredible objects. He is the co-founder of numerous companies including Squid Labs, Low Cost Eyeglasses, Potenco and Makani Power, where he is President and Chief Scientist. His companies have invented a myriad of new devices and materials, such as a "smart" rope that senses its load, or a machine for making low-cost eyeglass lenses through a process inspired by a water droplet. He is a columnist at Make magazine and co-writes How Toons! He's fascinated with materials that assemble themselves, and with taking advantage of those properties to make things quickly and cheaply.

More profile about the speaker
Saul Griffith | Speaker | TED.com
TED2009

Saul Griffith: High-altitude wind energy from kites!

Saul Griffith fala de pipas sendo o futuro da energia renovável

Filmed:
724,502 views

Em sua breve fala, Saul Griffith revela a invenção que sua nova companhia Makani Power está desenvolvendo: turbinas-pipa gigantes que criam surpreendente quantidade de energia limpa e renovável.
- Inventor
Inventor Saul Griffith looks for elegant ways to make real things, from low-cost eyeglasses to a kite that tows boats. His latest projects include open-source inventions and elegant new ways to generate power. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:22
If you're at all like me,
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Se forem como eu,
00:23
this is what you do with the sunny summer weekends in San Francisco:
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Isto é o que fazem com seus finais de semana no verão em São Francisco:
00:26
you build experimental kite-powered hydrofoils
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Constroem hidrofólios experimentais movidos a pipa
00:29
capable of more than 30 knots.
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capazes de mais de 30 nós.
00:31
And you realize that there is incredible power in the wind,
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E você percebe que existe um força incrivível no vento,
00:34
and it can do amazing things.
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que pode fazer coisas surpreendentes.
00:36
And one day, a vessel not unlike this
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E um dia, um barco assim como esse
00:38
will probably break the world speed record.
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vai provavelmente quebrar o recorde de velocidade mundial.
00:40
But kites aren't just toys like this.
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Mas pipas não são somente brinquedos como esse.
00:43
Kites: I'm going to give you a brief history,
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Pipas. Vou lhes contar uma breve história,
00:45
and tell you about the magnificent future
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e contar sobre o futuro magnífico
00:47
of every child's favorite plaything.
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do brinquedo favorito de toda criança.
00:50
So, kites are more than a thousand years old,
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Então, pipas têm mais de 1000 anos de idade
00:52
and the Chinese used them for military applications,
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e os chineses as usavam para uso militar,
00:55
and even for lifting men.
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e até para levantar homens.
00:56
So they knew at that stage they could carry large weights.
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Eles já sabiam naquela época que podiam carregar muito peso.
00:59
I'm not sure why there is a hole in this particular man.
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Não tenho certeza porque esse homem tem um buraco.
01:01
(Laughter)
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(risos)
01:03
In 1827, a fellow called George Pocock
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Em 1827, um camarada chamado George Pocock
01:06
actually pioneered the use of kites for towing buggies
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que foi o pioneiro em usar pipas para puxar carroças
01:09
in races against horse carriages across the English countryside.
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em corridas contra carroças puxadas por cavalos no interior da Englaterra.
01:14
Then of course, at the dawn of aviation,
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Mais tarde é claro, no início da aviação,
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all of the great inventors of the time --
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todos os grandes inventores na época--
01:18
like Hargreaves, like Langley,
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como Hargreaves, como Langley,
01:20
even Alexander Graham Bell, inventor of the telephone, who was flying this kite --
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até Alexander Graham Bell, inventor do telefone, que estava empinando essa pipa--
01:23
were doing so in the pursuit of aviation.
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estavam fazendo isso pela a aviaçao.
01:26
Then these two fellows came along,
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Até que esses dois camaradas chegaram,
01:28
and they were flying kites to develop the control systems
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e estavam voando em pipas para desenvolver o sistema de controles
01:31
that would ultimately enable powered human flight.
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que iriam permitir o vôo humano motorizado.
01:34
So this is of course Orville and Wilbur Wright,
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Esse são obviamente Orville e Wilburg Wright,
01:37
and the Wright Flyer.
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e os voadores Wright.
01:39
And their experiments with kites led to this
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E seus experimentos com pipas nós levaram a essa
01:41
momentous occasion, where we powered up and took off for the
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ocasião monumental, quando nós aceleramos e decolamos para
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first-ever 12-second human flight.
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o primeiro vôo humano de 12 segundos.
01:48
And that was fantastic for the future of commercial aviation.
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E isso foi fantástico para o futuro da aviação comercial.
01:52
But unfortunately, it relegated kites once again to be considered children's toys.
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Mas infelizmente, deixaram as pipas somente como brinquedo de crianças.
01:56
That was until the 1970s, where we had the last energy crisis.
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Até na decada de 1970, quando tivemos a última crise de energia.
02:00
And a fabulous man called Miles Loyd
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E um homem fabuloso chamado de Miles Loyd
02:02
who lives on the outskirts of San Francisco,
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que vive no subúrbio de São Francisco,
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wrote this seminal paper that was completely ignored
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escreveu esse artigo seminal que foi completamente ignorado,
02:07
in the Journal of Energy
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no Journal of Energy
02:08
about how to use basically an airplane on a piece of string
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sobre como usar um avião preso a um fio
02:12
to generate enormous amounts of electricity.
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para gerar enorme quantidade de eletricidade.
02:15
The real key observation he made is that
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A observação mais importante que ele fez foi
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a free-flying wing can sweep through more sky and generate more power
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que uma asa livre voadora pode varrer através de mais céu e gerar mais energia
02:21
in a unit of time than a fixed-wing turbine.
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em uma unidade de tempo do que uma asa fixa de turbina.
02:25
So turbines grew. And they can now span up to three hundred feet at the hub height,
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Então as turbinas cresceram. E elas podem girar até 90 metros de altura do eixo,
02:29
but they can't really go a lot higher,
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mas elas não podem ir muito mais alto,
02:31
and more height is where the more wind is, and more power --
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e mais alto é onde tem mais vento, e mais força--
02:34
as much as twice as much.
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até duas vezes mais.
02:36
So cut to now. We still have an energy crisis,
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E analisando o momento. Nós ainda temos uma crise de energia,
02:39
and now we have a climate crisis as well. You know,
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e agora temos uma crise climática também. Você sabe,
02:42
so humans generate about 12 trillion watts,
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humanos geram aproximadamente 12 trilhões de watts,
02:45
or 12 terawatts, from fossil fuels.
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ou 12 terawatts, de combustível fóssil.
02:47
And Al Gore has spoken to why we need to hit one of these targets,
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E Al Gore já falou porque temos de alcançar uma dessas metas,
02:51
and in reality what that means is in the next 30 to 40 years,
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e na realidade o que isso significa é que nos proxímos 30 a 40 anos,
02:55
we have to make 10 trillion watts or more of new clean energy somehow.
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temos de fazer 10 trilhões de watts ou mais de energia limpa, de alguma forma.
03:01
Wind is the second-largest renewable resource after solar:
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Vento é a segunda maior fonte de energia renovável após a solar:
03:05
3600 terawatts, more than enough to supply humanity 200 times over.
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3600 terawatts,mais que suficiente para abastecer a humanidade por mais de 200 vezes.
03:09
The majority of it is in the higher altitudes, above 300 feet,
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A maioria está nas grandes altitudes, acima de 90 metros,
03:13
where we don't have a technology as yet to get there.
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Onde não temos tecnologia ainda para chegar lá
03:17
So this is the dawn of the new age of kites.
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Então é a nova era das pipas.
03:19
This is our test site on Maui, flying across the sky.
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Esse é nosso sítio de testes em Maui, voando pelos céus.
03:23
I'm now going to show you
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Vou te mostrar agora
03:25
the first autonomous generation of power
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a primeira geração autónoma de força
03:28
by every child's favorite plaything.
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de todo brinquedo favorito de tod criança.
03:31
As you can tell, you need to be a robot to fly this thing for thousands of hours.
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Como vocês podem ver, é preciso ser um robô para voar essa coisa por milhares de horas.
03:35
It makes you a little nauseous.
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Te deixa um pouco enjôado.
03:37
And here we're actually generating about 10 kilowatts --
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E aqui estamos na verdade gerando aproximadamente 10 kilowatts--
03:39
so, enough to power probably five United States households --
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então, suficiente para fornecer energia provavelmente para 5 lares norte americanos--
03:42
with a kite not much larger than this piano.
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Com uma pipa não muito maior que esse piano.
03:45
And the real significant thing here
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E a coisa mais significante aqui é
03:47
is we're developing the control systems,
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estamos desenvolvendo o sistema de controles,
03:49
as did the Wright brothers, that would enable sustained, long-duration flight.
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como fizeram os irmãos Wright, isso deverá manter um longo vôo sustentável.
03:54
And it doesn't hurt to do it in a location like this either.
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E não é nada mal testar em um local assim também.
03:59
So this is the equivalent for a kite flier of peeing in the snow --
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Isso é o equivalente a uma pipa fazendo xixi na neve.
04:02
that's tracing your name in the sky.
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Ela está traçando seu nome no céu.
04:04
And this is where we're actually going.
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E é justamente aqui que estamos indo no momento.
04:06
So we're beyond the 12-second steps.
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Estamos além dos passos dos 12-segundos.
04:08
And we're working towards megawatt-scale machines
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E estamos indo na direção das máquinas de megawatts
04:10
that fly at 2000 feet and generate tons of clean electricity.
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que voam a 2000 pés e geram toneladas de eletricidade limpa.
04:14
So you ask, how big are those machines?
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E aí você me pergunta, qual o tamanho dessa máquinas?
04:16
Well, this paper plane would be maybe a -- oop!
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Bem, este avião de papel seria suficiente-- oops!
04:19
That would be enough to power your cell phone.
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Seria suficiente para carregar seu celular.
04:22
Your Cessna would be 230 killowatts.
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Seu Cessna seria capaz de produzir 230 kilowatts.
04:25
If you'd loan me your Gulfstream, I'll rip its wings off and generate you a megawatt.
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Se me emprestasse seu Gulfstream, iria arrancar suas asas e geraria um megawatt.
04:29
If you give me a 747, I'll make six megawatts,
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Se me der um 747, irei produzir 6 megawatts,
04:32
which is more than the largest wind turbines today.
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O que é mais que a maior turbina eólica produz hoje.
04:35
And the Spruce Goose would be a 15-megawatt wing.
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E o Spruce Goose seria 15-megawatt por asa.
04:38
So that is audacious, you say. I agree.
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Então isso é audacioso, voce pode dizer. Eu concordo.
04:41
But audacious is what has happened many times before in history.
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Mas audácia é o que aconteceu muitas vezes antes na história.
04:44
This is a refrigerator factory,
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Esta é uma fábrica de geladeiras,
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churning out airplanes for World War II.
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produzindo aviões em alta escala para a segunda guerra mundial.
04:49
Prior to World War II, they were making 1000 planes a year.
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Antes da Segunda Guerra, estavam produzindo 1000 aviões por ano.
04:52
By 1945, they were making 100,000.
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Em 1945, estavam produzindo 100,000.
04:55
With this factory and 100,000 planes a year,
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Com essa fábrica e 100,00 aviões por ano,
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we could make all of America's electricity in about 10 years.
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Poderíamos gerar toda a energia para a América em aproximadamente 10 anos.
05:01
So really this is a story about the audacious plans of young people
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Isso realmente é uma estória audaciosa de gente jovem
05:04
with these dreams. There are many of us.
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com esses sonhos. Há muitos de nós.
05:06
I am lucky enough to work with 30 of them.
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Tenho muita sorte de trabalhar com 30 deles.
05:08
And I think we need to support all of the dreams
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E acho que temos de apoiar todos os sonhos
05:10
of the kids out there doing these crazy things.
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das crianças lá fora fazendo essas coisas malucas.
05:13
Thank you.
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Muito obrigado.
05:14
(Applause)
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(aplausos)
Translated by Belucio Haibara
Reviewed by Gustavo Pulcherio

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Saul Griffith - Inventor
Inventor Saul Griffith looks for elegant ways to make real things, from low-cost eyeglasses to a kite that tows boats. His latest projects include open-source inventions and elegant new ways to generate power.

Why you should listen

Innovator and inventor Saul Griffith has a uniquely open approach to problem solving. Whether he's devising a way to slash the cost of prescription eyeglasses or teaching science through cartoons, Griffith makes things and then shares his ideas with the world.

A proponent of open-source information, he established Instructables , an open website showing how to make an array of incredible objects. He is the co-founder of numerous companies including Squid Labs, Low Cost Eyeglasses, Potenco and Makani Power, where he is President and Chief Scientist. His companies have invented a myriad of new devices and materials, such as a "smart" rope that senses its load, or a machine for making low-cost eyeglass lenses through a process inspired by a water droplet. He is a columnist at Make magazine and co-writes How Toons! He's fascinated with materials that assemble themselves, and with taking advantage of those properties to make things quickly and cheaply.

More profile about the speaker
Saul Griffith | Speaker | TED.com

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