TEDGlobal 2009
Misha Glenny: The real story of McMafia -- how global crime networks work
Misha Glenny: Hvordan globale kriminelle netværk fungerer
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Journalisten Misha Glenny har brugt adskillelige år på en modig efterforskning af organiserede kriminelle netværk i hele verden, hvilket har vokset til en antaget andel på 15% af den globale økonomi. Fra den russiske mafia til kæmpe narkokarteller, tæller hans kilder ikke kun efterretnings- og politiembedsmænd, men også kriminelle bagmænd.
Misha Glenny - Underworld investigator
Journalist Misha Glenny leaves no stone unturned (and no failed state unexamined) in his excavation of criminal globalization. Full bio
Journalist Misha Glenny leaves no stone unturned (and no failed state unexamined) in his excavation of criminal globalization. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
These are grim economic times,
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Dette er dystre økonomiske tider
00:15
fellow TEDsters, grim economic times indeed.
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med-TEDsters, virkelig dystre økonomiske tider.
00:18
And so, I would like to cheer you up
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Og derfor, vil jeg gerne muntre jer lidt op
00:21
with one of the great, albeit largely unknown,
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med en af de store, dog stort set ukendte,
00:24
commercial success stories
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kommercielle succeshistorier
00:26
of the past 20 years.
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fra de sidste 20 år.
00:28
Comparable, in its own very peculiar way,
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Sammenlignelig, på sin helt egen måde,
00:31
to the achievements of Microsoft or Google.
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til Microsofts eller Googles præstationer.
00:34
And it's an industry which has bucked the current recession
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Og det er en industri der overvundet
den nuværende lavkonjunktur
den nuværende lavkonjunktur
00:37
with equanimity.
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med ro i sindet.
00:39
I refer to organized crime.
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Jeg taler her om organiseret kriminalitet.
00:42
Now organized crime has been around
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Organiseret kriminalitet har eksisteret
00:44
for a very long time, I hear you say,
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meget længe, kan jeg høre jer sige.
00:47
and these would be wise words, indeed.
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Og det ville, i sandhed, være helt korrekt.
00:49
But in the last two decades,
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Men i de seneste to årtier
00:52
it has experienced an unprecedented expansion,
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har den oplevet en udvidelse,
ikke tidligere set.
ikke tidligere set.
00:55
now accounting for roughly 15 percent
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Nu dækker den, groft set, 15 procent
00:59
of the world's GDP.
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af hele verdens BNP (bruttonationalprodukt).
01:01
I like to call it the Global Shadow Economy,
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Jeg plejer at kalde det Global Skygge Økonomi,
01:04
or McMafia, for short.
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eller McMafia, i kort form.
01:07
So what triggered this extraordinary growth
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Så hvad startede denne ekstraordinære vækst
01:10
in cross-border crime?
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i kriminalitet på tværs af landegrænserne?
01:12
Well, of course, there is globalization,
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Der er, selvfølgelig, globaliseringen,
01:14
technology, communications, all that stuff,
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teknologien, kommunikationen og alt det,
01:17
which we'll talk about a little bit later.
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hvilket vi vil snakke om lidt senere.
01:20
But first, I would like to take you back
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Men først, vil jeg gerne hive jer tilbage
01:23
to this event:
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til denne begivenhed.
01:25
the collapse of communism.
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Kommunismens fald.
01:27
All across Eastern Europe, a most momentous episode
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Et af Østeuropas mest
betydningsfulde øjeblikke
betydningsfulde øjeblikke
01:31
in our post-war history.
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i efterkrigstiden
01:33
Now it's time for full disclosure.
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Nu er det tid til en offentliggørelse.
01:36
This event meant a great deal to me personally.
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Denne begivenhed betød en
hel del for mig personligt.
hel del for mig personligt.
01:39
I had started smuggling books across the Iron Curtain
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Jeg var begyndt at smugle
bøger igennem jerntæppet
bøger igennem jerntæppet
01:43
to Democratic opposition groups in Eastern Europe,
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til demokratiske modstandsgrupper
i Østeuropa,
i Østeuropa,
01:45
like Solidarity in Poland,
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f.eks. "Solidaritet" i Polen,
01:47
when I was in my teens.
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i mine teenageår.
01:49
I then started writing about Eastern Europe,
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Derefter begyndte jeg at skrive om Østeuropa,
01:53
and eventually I became the BBC's chief correspondent for the region,
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og endte med at blive BBCs
chefkorrespondent i regionen.
chefkorrespondent i regionen.
01:57
which is what I was doing in 1989.
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Dette var hvad jeg lavede i 1989.
02:01
And so when 425 million people
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Og da 425 millioner mennesker
02:05
finally won the right
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endelig vandt retten
02:07
to choose their own governments,
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til at vælge deres egen regering
02:09
I was ecstatic,
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var jeg ekstatisk.
02:12
but I was also a touch worried
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Men jeg var også lidt bekymret
02:14
about some of the nastier things
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omkring nogle af de mere skumle ting
02:16
lurking behind the wall.
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der gemte sig bag muren.
02:18
It wasn't long, for example,
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Der gik ikke lang tid, for eksempel,
02:20
before ethnic nationalism
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før etnisk nationalisme
02:22
reared its bloody head
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stak sit blodige hoved frem
02:24
in Yugoslavia.
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i Jugoslavien.
02:26
And amongst the chaos,
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Og midt i kaoset,
02:28
amidst the euphoria,
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omgivet af glæde,
02:30
it took me a little while to understand
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tog det mig et stykke tid at forstå
02:32
that some of the people who had wielded power
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at nogle af de mennesker som havde magten
02:35
before 1989, in Eastern Europe,
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før 1989 i Østeuropa,
02:39
continued to do so after the revolutions there.
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fortsatte med at have magten
efter revolutionerne.
efter revolutionerne.
02:43
Obviously there were characters like this.
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Selvfølgelig var der personer som disse.
02:47
But there were also some more unexpected people
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Men der var også mere uventede personer
02:51
who played a critical role in what was going on in Eastern Europe.
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der spillede en afgørende rolle
i hvad der foregik i Østeuropa.
i hvad der foregik i Østeuropa.
02:55
Like this character. Remember these guys?
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Som disse personer. Kan I huske disse fyre?
02:58
They used to win the gold medals in weightlifting
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De plejede at vinde guldmedaljer i vægtløftning
03:00
and wrestling, every four years in the Olympics,
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og brydning, hver fjerde år
til de Olympiske Lege.
til de Olympiske Lege.
03:03
and they were the great celebrities of communism,
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Og de var kommunismens store kendisser.
03:06
with a fabulous lifestyle to go with it.
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Med en fantastisk tilhørende livsstil.
03:09
They used to get great apartments in the center of town,
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De plejede at få lækre
lejligheder i midten af byen.
lejligheder i midten af byen.
03:11
casual sex on tap,
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En lind strøm af sex.
03:13
and they could travel to the West very freely,
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Og de kunne frit rejse til vesten,
03:16
which was a great luxury at the time.
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hvilket på dette tidspunkt var en stor luksus.
03:19
It may come as a surprise, but they played a critical role
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Det kan måske komme som en overraskelse,
men de spillede en kritisk rolle
men de spillede en kritisk rolle
03:23
in the emergence of the market economy
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i starten af markedsøkonomien
03:25
in Eastern Europe.
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i Østeuropa.
03:27
Or as I like to call them, they are
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Eller som jeg ynder at kalder dem,
03:29
the midwives of capitalism.
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kapitalismens jordemødre.
03:31
Here are some of those same weightlifters
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Her ser vi de samme vægtløftere
03:34
after their 1989 makeover.
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efter deres 1989-transformation.
03:37
Now in Bulgaria --
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I Bulgarien,
03:40
this photograph was taken in Bulgaria --
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dette fotografi blev taget i Bulgarien,
03:42
when communism collapsed all over Eastern Europe,
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da kommunismen kollapsede i hele Østeuropa
03:45
it wasn't just communism;
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var det ikke kun kommunismen der kollapsede,
03:47
it was the state that collapsed as well.
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det var i samme grad statsmagten
der kollapsede.
der kollapsede.
03:49
That means your police force wasn't working.
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Det betyder din politistyrke ikke fungere.
03:51
The court system wasn't functioning properly.
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Domstolene fungerede ikke ordenligt.
03:54
So what was a business man in the brave new world
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Så hvad skulle en forretningsmand,
i denne favre nye verden
i denne favre nye verden
03:59
of East European capitalism going to do
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af østeuropæisk kapitalisme gøre,
04:01
to make sure that his contracts would be honored?
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for at sikre sig at hans aftaler
ville blive respekteret?
ville blive respekteret?
04:05
Well, he would turn to people who were called, rather prosaically
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Tja, han ville henvende sig til folk man,
ganske nøgternt af sociologer, kaldte for
ganske nøgternt af sociologer, kaldte for
04:08
by sociologists, privatized law enforcement agencies.
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privatiserede organisationer
af retshåndhævelse.
af retshåndhævelse.
04:12
We prefer to know them as the mafia.
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Vi foretrækker at kalde dem mafiaen.
04:16
And in Bulgaria, the mafia was soon joined
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Og i Bulgarien blev mafiaen hurtigt forenet
04:19
with 14,000 people
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med 14 tusind mennesker
04:21
who were sacked from their jobs in the security services
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der var blevet fyret fra deres
job i sikkerhedsvæsenet
job i sikkerhedsvæsenet
04:25
between 1989 and 1991.
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mellem 1989 og 1991.
04:27
Now, when your state is collapsing,
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Når nu ens stat kollapser,
04:31
your economy is heading south at a rate of knots,
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og ens økonomi forsvinder som dug for solen,
04:34
the last people you want coming on to the labor market
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er de sidste du ønsker på arbejdsmarkedet
04:37
are 14,000 men and women whose chief skills
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de 14 tusind mænd og kvinder,
hvis spidskompetence
hvis spidskompetence
04:40
are surveillance,
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er overvågning,
04:42
are smuggling, building underground networks
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smugleri, opbygning af undergrundsnetværk,
04:45
and killing people.
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og lejemord.
04:48
But that's what happened all over Eastern Europe.
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Men det var hvad der foregik i hele Østeuropa.
04:51
Now, when I was working in the 1990s,
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Da jeg arbejdede i 1990erne
04:56
I spent most of the time covering
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brugte jeg det meste af min tid på at dække
04:59
the appalling conflict in Yugoslavia.
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den forfærdelige konflikt i Jugoslavien.
05:02
And I couldn't help notice
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Jeg kunne ikke lade være med at bemærke
05:04
that the people who were perpetrating the appalling atrocities,
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at de mennesker som udførte
de forfærdelige grusomheder,
de forfærdelige grusomheder,
05:08
the paramilitary organizations,
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de paramilitære organisationer,
05:11
were actually the same people running
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faktisk var de samme personer som styrede
05:13
the organized criminal syndicates.
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de organiserede kriminalle organisationer
05:16
And I came to think that behind the violence
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Og jeg kom til at tænke på, at bag ved volden
05:20
lay a sinister criminal enterprise.
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lå et koldt kriminelt foretagende.
05:23
And so I resolved to travel around the world
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Og så besluttede jeg mig for
at rejse rundt i verden,
at rejse rundt i verden,
05:27
examining this global criminal underworld
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for at undersøge denne globale
kriminelle underverden
kriminelle underverden
05:30
by talking to policemen,
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ved at snakke med politibetjente,
05:32
by talking to victims, by talking to consumers
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ved at snakke med ofre,
ved at snakke med forbrugerne
ved at snakke med forbrugerne
05:35
of illicit goods and services.
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af illegale varer og tjenester.
05:37
But above all else, by talking to the gangsters themselves.
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Men frem for alt, ved at snakke
med gangsterne selv.
med gangsterne selv.
05:42
And the Balkans was a fabulous place to start.
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Og Balkan-landene var et
fabelagtigt sted at starte.
fabelagtigt sted at starte.
05:45
Why? Well of course
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Hvorfor? Selvfølgelig fordi
05:47
there was the issue of law and order collapsing,
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der var problemerne med
kollapset af lov og orden.
kollapset af lov og orden.
05:49
but also, as they say in the retail trade,
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Men også, som de siger i detailhandlen,
05:51
it's location, location, location.
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handler det om placering,
placering, placering.
placering, placering.
05:55
And what I noticed at the beginning of my research
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Og hvad jeg bemærkede i begyndelsen
af min efterforskning,
af min efterforskning,
05:57
that the Balkans had turned into a vast transit zone
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var at Balkan-landene var blevet til
et kæmpe transitområde
et kæmpe transitområde
06:02
for illicit goods and services coming from all over the world.
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for illegale varer og tjenester
fra alverdens lande.
fra alverdens lande.
06:05
Heroin, cocaine,
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Heroin, kokain,
06:07
women being trafficked into prostitution
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kvinder der bliver solgt videre til prostitution
06:10
and precious minerals.
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og værdifulde mineraler.
06:12
And where were they heading?
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Og hvor var de på vej hen?
06:14
The European Union, which by now
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EU, der på dette tidspunkt
06:16
was beginning to reap the benefits of globalization,
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var begyndt at høste fordelene
ved globaliseringen.
ved globaliseringen.
06:20
transforming it into
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Forvandlet til
06:22
the most affluent consumer market in history,
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det mest velhavende forbrugermarked i historien.
06:25
eventually comprising some 500 million people.
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Endeligt bestående af omkring
500 millioner mennesker.
500 millioner mennesker.
06:28
And a significant minority
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Og et betydeligt mindretal
06:31
of those 500 million people
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af disse 500 millioner mennesker
06:33
like to spend some of their leisure time and spare cash
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ynder at bruge deres fritid og sparepenge på at
06:36
sleeping with prostitutes,
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have sex med prostituerede,
06:38
sticking 50 Euro notes up their nose
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stikke 50€-sedler op i næsen
06:41
and employing illegal migrant laborers.
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og ansætte illegale indvandrere.
06:44
Now, organized crime in a globalizing world
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Organiseret kriminalitet i
en globaliseret verden
en globaliseret verden
06:48
operates in the same way as any other business.
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opererer op samme måde som
enhver anden forretning.
enhver anden forretning.
06:50
It has zones of production,
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Det har produktionsområder,
06:53
like Afghanistan and Columbia.
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såsom Afghanistan og Columbia.
06:56
It has zones of distribution,
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Det har distributionsområder,
06:58
like Mexico and the Balkans.
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såsom Mexico og Balkan.
07:01
And then, of course, it has zones of consumption,
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Og, selvfølgelig, forbrugerområder,
07:05
like the European Union, Japan
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som for eksempel EU, Japan
07:07
and of course, the United States.
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og selvfølgelig de Forende Stater.
07:10
The zones of production and distribution
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Produktions- og distributionsområderne
07:13
tend to lie in the developing world,
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har en tendens til at ligge i udviklingslande.
07:16
and they are often threatened by appalling violence
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Og de er ofte truet af en forfærdelig vold
07:20
and bloodshed.
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og blodsudgydelse.
07:22
Take Mexico, for example.
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Kig for eksempel på Mexico.
07:24
Six thousand people killed there in the last 18 months
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Her blev seks tusind mennesker dræbt
i de seneste 18 måneder
i de seneste 18 måneder
07:28
as a direct consequence of the cocaine trade.
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som en direkte konsekvens af kokainhandlen.
07:32
But what about the Democratic Republic of Congo?
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Og hvad med den Demokratiske Republik Congo?
07:36
Since 1998, five million people have died there.
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Siden 1998 er fem millioner mennesker dræbt her.
07:42
It's not a conflict you read about much in the newspapers,
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Det er ikke en konflikt man
læser så meget om i aviserne.
læser så meget om i aviserne.
07:44
but it's the biggest conflict on this planet
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Men det er den største konflikt på denne planet
07:47
since the Second World War.
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siden Anden Verdenskrig.
07:49
And why is it? Because mafias from all around the world
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Og hvorfor er det så? Fordi alverdens mafiaer
07:52
cooperate with local paramilitaries
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samarbejder med lokale paramilitære grupper
07:55
in order to seize the supplies
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for at kunne beslaglægge forsyningerne
07:58
of the rich mineral resources
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af de kostbare mineraler
08:00
of the region.
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i regionen.
08:02
In the year 2000, 80 percent of the world's coltan
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I år 2000 var 80 procent af verdens coltan
08:06
was sourced to the killing fields
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forbundet med slagmarkerne
08:08
of the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo.
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i den østlige del af den
Demokratiske Republik Congo.
Demokratiske Republik Congo.
08:12
Now, coltan you will find in almost every mobile phone,
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Coltan man nu finder i næsten
hver eneste mobiltelefon,
hver eneste mobiltelefon,
08:16
in almost every laptop
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i næsten hver eneste bærbare
08:18
and games console.
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og spillekonsol.
08:20
The Congolese war lords were selling this stuff to the mafia
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De congolanske krigsherrer solgte
disse mineraler til mafiaen
disse mineraler til mafiaen
08:23
in exchange for weapons,
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i bytte med våben.
08:25
and the mafia would then sell it on to Western markets.
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Og mafiaen solgte det videre
til de vestlige markeder.
til de vestlige markeder.
08:29
And it is this Western desire
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Og det er dette vestlige begær
08:31
to consume
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efter at forbruge
08:33
that is the primary driver
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det er den primære drivkraft
08:36
of international organized crime.
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bag international organiseret kriminalitet.
08:39
Now, let me show you some of my friends in action,
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Nu vil jeg gerne vise nogle
af mine venner i aktion,
af mine venner i aktion,
08:43
caught conveniently on film by the Italian police,
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belejligt nok fanget på video
af det italienske politi,
af det italienske politi,
08:46
and smuggling duty-not-paid cigarettes.
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i færd med at smugle
banderolefri cigaretter.
banderolefri cigaretter.
08:49
Now, cigarettes out the factory gate are very cheap.
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Cigaretter købt direkte fra
fabrikken er meget billige.
fabrikken er meget billige.
08:52
The European Union then imposes the highest taxes on them in the world.
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EU pålægger dem herefter nogle
af de højeste skatter i verden.
af de højeste skatter i verden.
08:56
So if you can smuggle them into the E.U.,
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Hvis du kan smugle dem in i EU
08:59
there are very handsome profits to be made,
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kan der vindes et meget store profiter.
09:02
and I want to show you this to demonstrate
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Og jeg vil gerne vise jer
dette for at demonstrere
dette for at demonstrere
09:04
the type of resources available to these groups.
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de ressourcer der er tilgængelige
for disse grupper.
for disse grupper.
09:07
This boat is worth one million Euros when it's new.
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Denne båd er en million euro værd fra ny.
09:11
And it's the fastest thing on European waters.
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Og det er den hurtigste i
de europæiske farvande.
de europæiske farvande.
09:15
From 1994, for seven years,
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Fra 1994, dvs. i syv år,
09:18
20 of these boats
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har 20 af disse både
09:20
made the trip across the Adriatic,
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klaret turen på tværs af Adriaterhavet,
09:23
from Montenegro to Italy, every single night.
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fra Montenegro til Italien, hver eneste nat.
09:26
And as a consequence of this trade,
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Og som konsekvens af denne handel,
09:28
Britain alone lost eight billion dollars in revenue.
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mistede Storbritannien alene 8
milliarder dollars i indtægter.
milliarder dollars i indtægter.
09:33
And instead that money went to underwrite the wars in Yugoslavia
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Og i stedet for er de penge brugt
til at sponsorere krigene i Jugoslavien
til at sponsorere krigene i Jugoslavien
09:37
and line the pockets of unscrupulous individuals.
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og fyldt lommerne hos skruppelløse individer.
09:41
Now Italian police, when this trade started,
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Det italienske politi, da denne trafik startede,
09:44
had just two boats which could go at the same speed.
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havde kun to både, som kunne
sejle med samme hastighed.
sejle med samme hastighed.
09:48
And this is very important, because the only way you can catch these guys
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Og det er meget vigtigt, fordi den eneste
måde du kan fange disse folk
måde du kan fange disse folk
09:50
is if they run out of gas.
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er hvis de løber tør for benzin.
09:53
Sometimes the gangsters would bring with them
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Nogen gange medbragte disse gangstere
09:55
women being trafficked into prostitution,
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kvinder som blev trafficked til prostitution,
09:58
and if the police intervened, they would hurl
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og hvis politiet blander sig, vil de smide
10:00
the women into the sea
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kvinderne i havet
10:03
so that the police had to go and save them from drowning,
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så politiet må redde dem fra at drukne,
10:05
rather than chasing the bad guys.
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i stedet for at forfølge de slemme drenge.
10:09
So I have shown you this to demonstrate
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Jeg har vist jer dette for at demonstrere
10:12
how many boats, how many vessels it takes
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hvor mange både, hvor mange fartøjer,
der skal til for
der skal til for
10:14
to catch one of these guys.
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for at fange bare en af disse både.
10:16
And the answer is six vessels.
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Og svaret er seks fartøjer.
10:18
And remember, 20 of these speed boats
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Og husk, 20 af disse speedbåde
10:21
were coming across the Adriatic
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sejler over Adriaterhavet
10:23
every single night.
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hver eneste nat.
10:25
So what were these guys doing with all the money they were making?
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Så hvad går disse fyre med de penge de tjener?
10:29
Well, this is where we come to globalization,
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Well, det er her vi kommer til globalisering,
10:33
because that was not just the deregulation of global trade.
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fordi det var ikke kun deregulering af global handel.
10:36
It was the liberalization of international financial markets.
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De var liberalisering af de
internationale finansielle markeder
internationale finansielle markeder
10:39
And boy, did that make it easy
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Hold kæft - gjorde det det nemt
10:42
for the money launderers.
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for pengevaskerne.
10:44
The last two decades have been the champagne era
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De sidste to årtier har været Champagneårene
10:47
for dirty lucre.
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for beskidte handler.
10:49
In the 1990s, we saw financial centers around the world
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I 1990'erne, så vi de finansielle centre i verden
10:53
competing for their business,
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konkurrere om deres forretninger,
10:56
and there was simply no effective mechanism
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og der var simpelthen ingen
effektive mekanismer
effektive mekanismer
10:58
to prevent money laundering.
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til at forhindre pengevask.
11:00
And a lot of licit banks were also happy
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Og mange legale banker var
også mere end glade
også mere end glade
11:03
to accept deposits
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for at acceptere indskud
11:06
from very dubious sources
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fra mere tvivlsomme kilder
11:08
without questions being asked.
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uden at stille spørgsmål.
11:11
But at the heart of this, is the offshore banking network.
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Men i hjertet af det hele,
er offshore banknetværk.
er offshore banknetværk.
11:15
Now these things
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Disse ting
11:18
are an essential part of the money laundering parade,
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er en essentiel del af pengevaskning,
11:21
and if you want to do something about illegal tax evasion
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og hvis man ønsker at gøre noget
med illegal skatteunddragelse
med illegal skatteunddragelse
11:25
and transnational organized crime, money laundering,
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og transnational organiseret
kriminalitet, pengevask,
kriminalitet, pengevask,
11:29
you have to get rid of them.
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må man gøre det af med dem.
11:31
On a positive note, we at last have someone in the White House
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På den positive side,
vi har i det mindste en i det Hvide Hus
vi har i det mindste en i det Hvide Hus
11:34
who has consistently spoken out
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som konsekvent har talt imod
11:37
against these corrosive entities.
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disse nedbrydende elementer.
11:40
And if anyone is concerned about what I believe
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Og hvis nogen bekymrer sig om hvad jeg tror
11:44
is the necessity for
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er nødvendigt for
11:47
new legislation, regulation, effective regulation,
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ny lovgivning, regulering, effektiv regulering,
11:50
I say, let's take a look at Bernie Madoff,
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Jeg siger, lad os kaste et blik på Bernie Madoff,
11:54
who is now going to be spending the rest of his life in jail.
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som kommer til at tilbringe
resten af sine dage i fængsel.
resten af sine dage i fængsel.
11:58
Bernie Madoff stole 65 billion dollars.
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Bernie Madoff stjal 65 milliarder dollars.
12:04
That puts him up there on the Olympus of gangsters
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Hvilket placerer ham oppe på
Olympen af gangstere
Olympen af gangstere
12:07
with the Colombian cartels
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sammen med de Colombianske karteller
12:09
and the major Russian crime syndicates,
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and de største russiske mafia karteller,
12:12
but he did this for decades
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men han gjorde dette igennem årtier
12:14
in the very heart of Wall Street,
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lige i hjertet af Wall Street,
12:16
and no regulator picked up on it.
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724000
3000
og ingen myndighed fattede mistanke om det.
12:19
So how many other Madoffs are there on Wall Street
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Så hvor mange Madoff'er er der ude i Wall Street
12:22
or in the city of London,
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eller i City of London,
12:24
fleecing ordinary folk
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plyndrer almindelige mennesker
12:26
and money laundering?
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og vasker penge?
12:28
Well I can tell you, it's quite a few of them.
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Jeg kan fortælle jer,
der er faktisk en hel del af dem.
der er faktisk en hel del af dem.
12:32
Let me go on to the 101 of international organized crime now.
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Jeg vil nu skifte til nr 1. indenfor international
organiseret kriminalitet lige nu.
organiseret kriminalitet lige nu.
12:36
And that is narcotics. Our second marijuana farm photograph for the morning.
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Og det er narkotika. Her er vores andet fotografi
af en marihuana farm denne morgen.
af en marihuana farm denne morgen.
12:40
This one, however, is in central British Columbia
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Denne, er fra det centrale
British Columbia [Canada]
British Columbia [Canada]
12:43
where I photographed it.
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hvor jeg fotograferede den.
12:45
It's one of the tens of thousands
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2000
Den er en af titusinde
12:47
of mom-and-pop grow-ops in B.C.
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familiebrug i B.C.
12:50
which ensure that over five percent
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3000
som sikrer at over fem procent
12:53
of the province's GDP is accounted for by this trade.
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af den delstats BNP kommer fra denne handel.
12:57
Now, I was taken by inspector Brian Cantera,
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Jeg fulgtes med kommissær Brian Canera
13:02
of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police,
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fra det kongelige canadiske beredne politi,
13:04
to a cavernous warehouse east of Vancouver
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til et huleagtigt lagersted øst for Vancouver
13:06
to see some of the goods which are regularly confiscated
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4000
for at se nogle af de varer
som jævnligt konfiskeres
som jævnligt konfiskeres
13:10
by the RCMP
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2000
af politiet
13:12
from the smugglers who are sending it,
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2000
fra de smuglere som sender det,
13:14
of course, down south to the United States
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3000
selvfølgeligt, sydpå til USA
13:17
where there is an insatiable market
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hvor der er et umætteligt marked
13:19
for B.C. Bud, as it's called,
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3000
for B.C. pot, som det er kaldet
13:22
in part because it's marketed as organic,
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2000
delvist fordi det markedsføres som økologisk,
13:24
which of course goes down very well in California.
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4000
hvilket selvfølgeligt sælger
godt i Californien.
godt i Californien.
13:28
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
13:30
(Applause)
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1000
(Bifald)
13:31
Now, even by the police's admission,
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3000
Nå, selv efter politiets mening,
13:34
this makes not a dent in the profits, really,
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5000
tager dette ikke en brøkdel
af profitten, faktisk,
af profitten, faktisk,
13:39
of the major exporters.
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2000
fra de store eksportører.
13:41
Since the beginning of globalization,
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2000
Siden begyndelsen af globaliseringen
13:43
the global narcotics market has expanded enormously.
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4000
har det globale narkomarked
ekspanderet enormt.
ekspanderet enormt.
13:47
There has, however, been no concomitant increase
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Men der har ikke været nogen
tilsvarende forøgelse
tilsvarende forøgelse
13:50
in the resources available
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3000
af de ressourcer som er tilgængelige
13:53
to police forces.
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2000
for politiet.
13:55
This, however, may all be about to change,
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5000
Dette, måske, vil måske ændrer sig,
14:00
because something very strange is going on.
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2000
fordi noget mærkeligt er i gang.
14:02
The United Nations recognized
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De Forende Nationer anerkender
14:04
earlier this -- it was last month actually --
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3000
- tidligere - det var sidste måned faktisk -
14:07
that Canada has become a key area of distribution and production
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835000
6000
at Canada er blevet et af hovedområderne
for distribution og produktion
for distribution og produktion
14:13
of ecstasy and other synthetic drugs.
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4000
af ecstasy og anden syntetisk narkotika.
14:17
Interestingly, the market share
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2000
Interessant nok, så er markedsandelen
14:19
of heroin and cocaine is going down,
292
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3000
for heroin og kokain på vej ned,
14:22
because the pills are getting ever better at reproducing their highs.
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5000
fordi syntetiske piller er blevet
bedre til genskabe deres rus.
bedre til genskabe deres rus.
14:27
Now that is a game changer,
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Dette er lidt af en game-changer,
14:31
because it shifts production away from the developing world
295
859000
4000
fordi det skifter produktionen
væk fra udviklingslandene
væk fra udviklingslandene
14:35
and into the Western world.
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4000
ind i den vestlige verden.
14:39
When that happens, it is a trend
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2000
Når dette sker er det en trend
14:41
which is set to overwhelm our policing capacity in the West.
298
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4000
som vil overrumple vores kapacitet
for at håndhæve loven i vesten.
for at håndhæve loven i vesten.
14:45
The drugs policy which we've had in place for 40 years
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Narkopolitikken som vi har haft de sidste 40 år,
14:49
is long overdue for a very serious rethink,
300
877000
5000
har længe trængt til et seriøst serviceeftersyn.
14:54
in my opinion.
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Efter min mening.
14:56
Now, the recession.
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2000
Tilbage til recessionen.
14:58
Well, organized crime has already adapted
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2000
Den organiserede kriminalitet
har allerede tilpasset
har allerede tilpasset
15:00
very well to the recession.
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2000
sig virkeligt godt til recessionen.
15:02
Not surprising, the most opportunistic industry
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2000
Ikke overraskende,
den mest opportunistiske industri
den mest opportunistiske industri
15:04
in the whole world.
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2000
i hele verden.
15:06
And it has no rules to its regulatory system.
307
894000
4000
Og den har ingen regler for dens funktion.
15:10
Except, of course, it has two business risks:
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4000
Bortset, selvfølgeligt, den har to risici:
15:14
arrest by law enforcement,
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2000
Arrestation af politiet,
15:16
which is, frankly, the least of their worries,
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904000
2000
hvilket ærligt, er den mindste
af deres bekymringer,
af deres bekymringer,
15:18
and competition from other groups,
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3000
og konkurrence fra andre grupper,
15:21
i.e. a bullet in the back of the head.
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909000
2000
dvs. en kugle i baghovedet.
15:23
What they've done is they've shifted their operations.
313
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3000
Hvad de har gjort er at de har
skiftet deres operationer.
skiftet deres operationer.
15:26
People don't smoke as much dope, or visit prostitutes quite so frequently
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914000
4000
Folk ryger mindre pot ,
besøger sjældnere prostituerede
besøger sjældnere prostituerede
15:30
during a recession.
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2000
i krisetider.
15:32
And so instead, they have invaded financial
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2000
Så i stedet for har de invaderet finansiel
15:34
and corporate crime in a big way,
317
922000
2000
og forretningsmæssig kriminalitet
i den store stil,
i den store stil,
15:36
but above all, two sectors,
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2000
men over alt, to sektorer,
15:38
and that is counterfeit goods
319
926000
3000
og det er smuglervarer
15:41
and cybercrime.
320
929000
2000
og cyberkriminalitet.
15:43
And it's been terribly successful.
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931000
2000
Og de har været forfærdeligt succesfulde.
15:45
I would like to introduce you to Mr. Pringle.
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933000
3000
Jeg vil introducerer jer for Mr. Pringle.
15:48
Or perhaps I should say, more accurately, Señor Pringle.
323
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4000
Eller må jeg sige for at være mere præcis,
Señor Pringle.
Señor Pringle.
15:52
I was introduced to this bit of kit by a Brazilian cybercriminal.
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Jeg var introduceret til dette stykke værktøj
af en brasiliansk cyberkriminel.
af en brasiliansk cyberkriminel.
15:56
We sat in a car on the Avenue Paulista
325
944000
2000
Vi sad i en bil på Avenue Paulista
15:58
in São Paulo, together.
326
946000
2000
i São Paulo, sammen.
16:00
Hooked it up to my laptop,
327
948000
2000
Forbandt den til min laptop,
16:02
and within about five minutes he had penetrated
328
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3000
og indenfor fem minutter havde han trængt
16:05
the computer security system
329
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2000
ind i computer sikkerhedssystemet
16:07
of a major Brazilian bank.
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3000
i en større brasiliansk bank.
16:10
It's really not that difficult.
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958000
2000
Det er faktisk ikke så svært.
16:12
And it's actually much easier because
332
960000
3000
Og det er faktisk meget lettere fordi
16:15
the fascinating thing about cybercrime
333
963000
2000
det fascinerende ved cyberkriminalitet
16:17
is that it's not so much the technology.
334
965000
4000
er at det ikke så meget handler om teknologi.
16:21
The key to cybercrime is what we call social engineering.
335
969000
4000
Nøglen til cyberkriminalitet er
hvad vi kalder social engineering.
hvad vi kalder social engineering.
16:25
Or to use the technical term for it,
336
973000
2000
Eller for at bruge den
tekniske betegnelse for det
tekniske betegnelse for det
16:27
there's one born every minute.
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975000
3000
der fødes et fjols hvert minut.
16:30
You would not believe how easy it is
338
978000
3000
I vil ikke tro på hvor let det er
16:33
to persuade people to do things with their computers
339
981000
3000
at overtale folk til at gøre ting
med deres computere
med deres computere
16:36
which are objectively not in their interest.
340
984000
3000
som objektivt ikke er i deres interesse.
16:39
And it was very soon
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2000
Og det skete meget hurtigt
16:41
when the cybercriminals learned that the quickest way to do this,
342
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2000
da de cyberkriminelle lærte at den
hurtigste måde at gøre det på,
hurtigste måde at gøre det på,
16:43
of course, the quickest way to a person's wallet
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991000
4000
selvfølgeligt, den hurtigste vej
til en persons tegnebog,
til en persons tegnebog,
16:47
is through the promise of sex and love.
344
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3000
er gennem løftet om sex og kærlighed.
16:50
I expect some of you remember the ILOVEYOU virus,
345
998000
3000
Jeg regner med at I husker ILOVEYOU virusen,
16:53
one of the very great worldwide viruses that came.
346
1001000
4000
en af den verdensomspændende virusangreb.
16:57
I was very fortunate when the ILOVEYOU virus came out,
347
1005000
3000
Jeg var så heldig at da ILOVEYOU
virusen bredte sig,
virusen bredte sig,
17:00
because the first person I received it from
348
1008000
3000
fordi den første person jeg modtog den fra
17:03
was an ex-girlfriend of mine.
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1011000
2000
var en af mine ekskærester.
17:05
Now, she harbored all sorts of sentiments and emotions towards me at the time,
350
1013000
5000
Hun havde alle slags følelser og
meninger om mig på det tidspunkt,
meninger om mig på det tidspunkt,
17:10
but love was not amongst them.
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2000
men kærlighed var ikke en af dem.
17:12
(Laughter)
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2000
(Latter)
17:14
And so as soon as I saw this drop into my inbox,
353
1022000
4000
Og ligeså snart jeg så den i min inbox,
17:18
I dispatched it hastily to the recycle bin
354
1026000
3000
flyttede jeg den til min affaldsspand
17:21
and spared myself a very nasty infection.
355
1029000
5000
og sparede mig selv for en grim infektion.
17:26
So, cybercrime, do watch out for it.
356
1034000
4000
Så cyberkriminalitet, værd
på vagt over for det.
på vagt over for det.
17:30
One thing that we do know that the Internet is doing
357
1038000
2000
En af de ting vi ved Internettet gør,
17:32
is the Internet is assisting these guys.
358
1040000
3000
er at Internettet hjælper disse fyrer.
17:35
These are mosquitos who carry the malarial parasite
359
1043000
3000
Dette er myg som bærer på malariaparasitten,
17:38
which infests our blood when the mosy has had a free meal
360
1046000
4000
som inficerer vores blod
mens den får et gratis måltid
mens den får et gratis måltid
17:42
at our expense.
361
1050000
2000
på vores bekostning.
17:44
Now, Artesunate is a very effective drug
362
1052000
3000
Nu, Artesunate er et meget
effektivt lægemiddel
effektivt lægemiddel
17:47
at destroying the parasite in the early days
363
1055000
3000
og ødelægger parasitten i den tidlige stadier
17:50
of infection.
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1058000
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af infektionen.
17:52
But over the past year or so,
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Men i løbet af de sidste år eller der omkring
17:54
researchers in Cambodia have discovered
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1062000
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har forskere i Cambodia opdaget
17:57
that what's happening is
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1065000
3000
at hvad der sker er
18:00
the malarial parasite is developing a resistance.
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3000
at malaria parasitten udvikler resistens.
18:03
And they fear that the reason why it's developing a resistance
369
1071000
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Og det frygter at grunden til
at den udvikler resistens er
at den udvikler resistens er
18:06
is because Cambodians can't afford the drugs on the commercial market,
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1074000
4000
fordi cambodianerne ikke har råd til
medicinen på det kommercielle marked,
medicinen på det kommercielle marked,
18:10
and so they buy it from the Internet.
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3000
så de køber det på internettet.
18:13
And these pills contain only low doses
372
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Og disse piler indeholder kun lave doser
18:15
of the active ingredient.
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af det aktive stof.
18:17
Which is why
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Hvilket er grunden til
18:19
the parasite is beginning to develop a resistance.
375
1087000
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at parasitten er begyndt at udvikle resistens.
18:23
The reason I say this
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Grunden til jeg siger dette
18:25
is because we have to know
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er fordi vi skal vide at
18:27
that organized crime
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organiseret kriminalitet
18:29
impacts all sorts of areas of our lives.
379
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3000
påvirker alle områder af vores liv.
18:32
You don't have to sleep with prostitutes
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Du behøver ikke at ligge i med prostituerede
18:35
or take drugs
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2000
eller tage narkotika
18:37
in order to have a relationship with organized crime.
382
1105000
2000
for at have forbindelse til den
organiserede kriminalitet.
organiserede kriminalitet.
18:39
They affect our bank accounts.
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De påvirker vores bankkontoer.
18:41
They affect our communications, our pension funds.
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De påvirker vores kommunikation,
vores pensionsopsparinger.
vores pensionsopsparinger.
18:43
They even affect the food that we eat
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1111000
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De påvirker selv den mad vi spiser
18:47
and our governments.
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og vores regeringer.
18:49
This is no longer an issue
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Det er ikke længere et problem med
18:52
of Sicilians from Palermo and New York.
388
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sicilianere fra Palermo eller New York.
18:55
There is no romance involved with gangsters
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Der er ingen romantik forbundet med gangstere
18:58
in the 21st Century.
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i det 21 århundrede.
19:00
This is a mighty industry,
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1128000
3000
Det er en mægtig industri,
19:03
and it creates instability and violence
392
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3000
som skaber ustabilitet og vold
19:06
wherever it goes.
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alle steder den er.
19:08
It is a major economic force
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Der er en stor økonomisk faktor
19:10
and we need to take it very, very seriously.
395
1138000
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som vi er nødt til at tage meget,
meget seriøst.
meget seriøst.
19:14
It's been a privilege talking to you.
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Det har været et privilegie at tale med jer.
19:16
Thank you very much.
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Mange tak.
19:18
(Applause)
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(Bifald)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Misha Glenny - Underworld investigatorJournalist Misha Glenny leaves no stone unturned (and no failed state unexamined) in his excavation of criminal globalization.
Why you should listen
In minute detail, Misha Glenny's 2008 book McMafia illuminates the byzantine outlines of global organized crime. Whether it's pot smugglers in British Columbia, oil/weapons/people traffickers in Eastern Europe, Japanese yakuza or Nigerian scammers, to research this magisterial work Glenny penetrated the convoluted, globalized and franchised modern underworld -- often at considerable personal risk.
The book that resulted is an exhaustive look at an unseen industry that Glenny believes may account for 15% of the world's GDP.
Legal society ignores this world at its peril, but Glenny suggests that conventional law enforcement might not be able to combat a problem whose roots lie in global instability.
While covering the Central Europe beat for the Guardian and the BBC, Glenny wrote several acclaimed books on the fall of Yugoslavia and the rise of the Balkan nations. He's researching a new book on cybercrime, of which he says: "The key to cybercrime is what we call social engineering. Or to use the technical term for it, there's one born every minute."
Watch TED's exclusive video Q&A with Glenny: "Behind the Scenes of McMafia" >>
Misha Glenny | Speaker | TED.com