TEDGlobal 2009
Misha Glenny: The real story of McMafia -- how global crime networks work
Misha Glenny 的全球犯罪網路調查報告
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新聞從業人員 Misha Glenny 花了好幾年的時間，展開一場危險重重的訪查。而他所調查的組織犯罪網路，估計金額佔了全球經濟的百分之十五。從俄國的黑手黨，到巨大的販毒集團，他的新聞來源不只是治安人員或情報人員，更有訪談自犯罪集團內部人員。
Misha Glenny - Underworld investigator
Journalist Misha Glenny leaves no stone unturned (and no failed state unexamined) in his excavation of criminal globalization. Full bio
Journalist Misha Glenny leaves no stone unturned (and no failed state unexamined) in his excavation of criminal globalization. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
These are grim economic times,
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現在是嚴峻的經濟時期
00:15
fellow TEDsters, grim economic times indeed.
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各位TED的朋友，十分嚴峻的經濟時期
00:18
And so, I would like to cheer you up
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所以，我想鼓舞大家一下
00:21
with one of the great, albeit largely unknown,
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用一個不為眾人所熟知的
00:24
commercial success stories
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成功的商業故事
00:26
of the past 20 years.
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故事發生在20年前
00:28
Comparable, in its own very peculiar way,
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與微軟與Google的成就相比
00:31
to the achievements of Microsoft or Google.
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它另有一番特殊的成就
00:34
And it's an industry which has bucked the current recession
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而且，它正默默地振興當前的
00:37
with equanimity.
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經濟危機
00:39
I refer to organized crime.
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我指的是「組織犯罪」
00:42
Now organized crime has been around
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組織犯罪已經發生在我們周遭很久了，
00:44
for a very long time, I hear you say,
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就像你知道的那樣
00:47
and these would be wise words, indeed.
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這麼說真的一點都沒錯
00:49
But in the last two decades,
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不過，過去二十年間
00:52
it has experienced an unprecedented expansion,
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它以不可預料的程度擴張著
00:55
now accounting for roughly 15 percent
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現今佔了將近百分之十五
00:59
of the world's GDP.
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全世界的國民生產毛額
01:01
I like to call it the Global Shadow Economy,
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我想把它改稱為「全球黑經濟」
01:04
or McMafia, for short.
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或簡稱為 McMafia 麥克黑手黨（擬：全球都有的麥當勞）
01:07
So what triggered this extraordinary growth
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倒底是什麼引起這個跨國性犯罪組織
01:10
in cross-border crime?
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驚人的成長？
01:12
Well, of course, there is globalization,
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當然，要提到全球化、
01:14
technology, communications, all that stuff,
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科技進步、通訊發達等種種因素
01:17
which we'll talk about a little bit later.
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待會，我們再回來談這些
01:20
But first, I would like to take you back
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首先，我想讓你們回顧
01:23
to this event:
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這個事件
01:25
the collapse of communism.
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東歐共產主義解體
01:27
All across Eastern Europe, a most momentous episode
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是二次大戰後，整個東歐
01:31
in our post-war history.
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最重要的事件
01:33
Now it's time for full disclosure.
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現在是時候來好好檢視
01:36
This event meant a great deal to me personally.
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這件事對我來說非常重要
01:39
I had started smuggling books across the Iron Curtain
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我曾經走私書籍進入鐵幕
01:43
to Democratic opposition groups in Eastern Europe,
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給東歐的民主反對黨
01:45
like Solidarity in Poland,
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像是波蘭的團結工會
01:47
when I was in my teens.
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當我還是青少年的時候
01:49
I then started writing about Eastern Europe,
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然後我開始以東歐為主題開始寫作
01:53
and eventually I became the BBC's chief correspondent for the region,
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最後也順理成章的成為BBC該地區特派員的主管
01:57
which is what I was doing in 1989.
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這些是我在1989年的事情
02:01
And so when 425 million people
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所以，當四億兩千五百萬人民
02:05
finally won the right
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終於掙到了選擇
02:07
to choose their own governments,
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自己要的政府的權力
02:09
I was ecstatic,
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我欣喜若狂
02:12
but I was also a touch worried
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但又感到擔憂
02:14
about some of the nastier things
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一些更醜陋的事情
02:16
lurking behind the wall.
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潛藏在鐵幕後
02:18
It wasn't long, for example,
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舉例來說
02:20
before ethnic nationalism
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南斯拉夫的民族主義份子
02:22
reared its bloody head
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在他們血腥上台之前並沒有
02:24
in Yugoslavia.
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經歷很長的時間
02:26
And amongst the chaos,
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在一團混亂當中
02:28
amidst the euphoria,
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瀰漫著一種興奮
02:30
it took me a little while to understand
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我花了些時間才了解
02:32
that some of the people who had wielded power
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那些在1989年前的東歐
02:35
before 1989, in Eastern Europe,
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已經掌握特權的人
02:39
continued to do so after the revolutions there.
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在革命之後持續掌權
02:43
Obviously there were characters like this.
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顯然有些是有頭有臉的人物，像是...
02:47
But there were also some more unexpected people
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不過也有一些我們想不到的人物
02:51
who played a critical role in what was going on in Eastern Europe.
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正影響著當時東歐的改變
02:55
Like this character. Remember these guys?
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像這位先生，大家還記得他嗎？
02:58
They used to win the gold medals in weightlifting
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他們曾經贏得舉重的金牌
03:00
and wrestling, every four years in the Olympics,
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還有角力，每四年一次的奧運
03:03
and they were the great celebrities of communism,
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在共產國家，他們是社會名流
03:06
with a fabulous lifestyle to go with it.
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擁有奢華的生活
03:09
They used to get great apartments in the center of town,
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在市中心擁有高檔的公寓
03:11
casual sex on tap,
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酩酒美人
03:13
and they could travel to the West very freely,
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可以自由的到西方國家旅行
03:16
which was a great luxury at the time.
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在當時簡直是奢華到了極點
03:19
It may come as a surprise, but they played a critical role
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這事情也許令人驚訝，他們扮演一個重要的角色
03:23
in the emergence of the market economy
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市場經濟慢慢浮現
03:25
in Eastern Europe.
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在東歐
03:27
Or as I like to call them, they are
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或者換成我自己的說法：他們是
03:29
the midwives of capitalism.
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資本主義的助產士
03:31
Here are some of those same weightlifters
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這是那些舉重選手
03:34
after their 1989 makeover.
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在1989年的變化之後
03:37
Now in Bulgaria --
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現今在保加利亞
03:40
this photograph was taken in Bulgaria --
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這些照片是在保加利亞拍的
03:42
when communism collapsed all over Eastern Europe,
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當東歐共產國家一一垮台
03:45
it wasn't just communism;
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垮的不只是共產主義
03:47
it was the state that collapsed as well.
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政府的機制也垮了
03:49
That means your police force wasn't working.
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意味著你的警察治安沒了
03:51
The court system wasn't functioning properly.
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法院的系統無法正常運作
03:54
So what was a business man in the brave new world
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一個勇敢的生意人面對這新世界
03:59
of East European capitalism going to do
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在東歐的資本主義市場該做什麼
04:01
to make sure that his contracts would be honored?
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確定自己的合約還是有效？
04:05
Well, he would turn to people who were called, rather prosaically
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這樣會被人家稱之為毫無創意
04:08
by sociologists, privatized law enforcement agencies.
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尤其是在民營化法治單位社會學家眼裏
04:12
We prefer to know them as the mafia.
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後來我們知道這些人成了黑道
04:16
And in Bulgaria, the mafia was soon joined
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在保加利亞黑道人數激增
04:19
with 14,000 people
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到了一萬四千人之多
04:21
who were sacked from their jobs in the security services
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很多是在法治單位丟了工作的人
04:25
between 1989 and 1991.
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在1989到1991年間
04:27
Now, when your state is collapsing,
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當你的國家制度瓦解
04:31
your economy is heading south at a rate of knots,
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你們的經濟往南邊發展而且打了結
04:34
the last people you want coming on to the labor market
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你最不該求職的工作就是勞工市場
04:37
are 14,000 men and women whose chief skills
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一萬四千名具有主管資格的男女
04:40
are surveillance,
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被留置
04:42
are smuggling, building underground networks
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做起走私、建立地下經濟的骨幹
04:45
and killing people.
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而且還涉及謀殺
04:48
But that's what happened all over Eastern Europe.
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這不只發生在一地，而是全東歐
04:51
Now, when I was working in the 1990s,
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1990年代我的工作
04:56
I spent most of the time covering
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花了很多時間揭發
04:59
the appalling conflict in Yugoslavia.
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南斯拉夫的衝突
05:02
And I couldn't help notice
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我不得不注意
05:04
that the people who were perpetrating the appalling atrocities,
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那些犯下殘暴犯罪的人們
05:08
the paramilitary organizations,
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的準軍事機構（軍閥）
05:11
were actually the same people running
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就是那同一組人
05:13
the organized criminal syndicates.
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也正運作著犯罪組織
05:16
And I came to think that behind the violence
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我思考到這些暴力的背後
05:20
lay a sinister criminal enterprise.
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有著這邪惡的犯罪企業集團
05:23
And so I resolved to travel around the world
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因此我開始在世界各地旅行
05:27
examining this global criminal underworld
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檢視這個世界的地下犯罪
05:30
by talking to policemen,
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跟警察探尋資訊
05:32
by talking to victims, by talking to consumers
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跟受害者交談，跟消費者交談
05:35
of illicit goods and services.
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了解非法的物資與勞務
05:37
But above all else, by talking to the gangsters themselves.
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除此之外，我還直接跟歹徒對談
05:42
And the Balkans was a fabulous place to start.
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巴爾幹半島是最佳的起點
05:45
Why? Well of course
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為什麼？
05:47
there was the issue of law and order collapsing,
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這裡的法治蕩然無存
05:49
but also, as they say in the retail trade,
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此外，就像零售業所說的
05:51
it's location, location, location.
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最重要的就是店面、店面、店面
05:55
And what I noticed at the beginning of my research
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一開始我注意的是
05:57
that the Balkans had turned into a vast transit zone
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巴爾幹已經轉型成為一個大型的轉運區
06:02
for illicit goods and services coming from all over the world.
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非法的貨物與勞務從世界各地而來
06:05
Heroin, cocaine,
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海洛因、古柯鹼
06:07
women being trafficked into prostitution
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女人被人蛇賣到賣淫集團
06:10
and precious minerals.
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稀有的貴金屬
06:12
And where were they heading?
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那麼他們去了哪裡？
06:14
The European Union, which by now
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現在的目的地是歐盟
06:16
was beginning to reap the benefits of globalization,
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也開始因為全球化而開始獲利
06:20
transforming it into
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犯罪轉型成為
06:22
the most affluent consumer market in history,
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歷史上最具影響力的消費者市場
06:25
eventually comprising some 500 million people.
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最後組成了一個接近五億人口
06:28
And a significant minority
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關鍵的少數
06:31
of those 500 million people
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這五億人口
06:33
like to spend some of their leisure time and spare cash
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喜歡渡假、花錢
06:36
sleeping with prostitutes,
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找妓女
06:38
sticking 50 Euro notes up their nose
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把五十歐元捲起塞在鼻孔裏（吸毒）
06:41
and employing illegal migrant laborers.
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雇用非法的勞工
06:44
Now, organized crime in a globalizing world
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現在組織犯罪已經是個全球化的事件
06:48
operates in the same way as any other business.
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跟大企業經營一般的運作
06:50
It has zones of production,
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他們有生產的區塊
06:53
like Afghanistan and Columbia.
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像是阿富汗（海洛因）和哥倫比亞（古柯鹼）
06:56
It has zones of distribution,
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有配銷的區塊
06:58
like Mexico and the Balkans.
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像是墨西哥和巴爾幹半島
07:01
And then, of course, it has zones of consumption,
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當然，也有消費的區塊
07:05
like the European Union, Japan
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像是歐盟、日本
07:07
and of course, the United States.
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當然，還有美國
07:10
The zones of production and distribution
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生產的區塊和配銷的區塊
07:13
tend to lie in the developing world,
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通常都分佈在開發中國家
07:16
and they are often threatened by appalling violence
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而且大多受到暴力恐怖的威脅
07:20
and bloodshed.
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經常發生流血事件
07:22
Take Mexico, for example.
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以墨西哥為例
07:24
Six thousand people killed there in the last 18 months
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過去的十八個月，共有六千人被殺
07:28
as a direct consequence of the cocaine trade.
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死亡的背後多半跟古柯鹼的買賣有關
07:32
But what about the Democratic Republic of Congo?
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那我們來看看剛果共和國
07:36
Since 1998, five million people have died there.
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1998年到現在一共死了五百萬人
07:42
It's not a conflict you read about much in the newspapers,
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這樣的衝突事件可能不會出現在你的報紙上
07:44
but it's the biggest conflict on this planet
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不過卻是目前地球上最大的衝突
07:47
since the Second World War.
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在二次大戰之後
07:49
And why is it? Because mafias from all around the world
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為什麼？因為來自世界各地的黑道
07:52
cooperate with local paramilitaries
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跟當地的軍閥合作
07:55
in order to seize the supplies
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取得貨物的持續供應
07:58
of the rich mineral resources
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就是剛果豐富的礦產
08:00
of the region.
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以當地而言
08:02
In the year 2000, 80 percent of the world's coltan
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2000年全世界80％的鈳鉭鐵礦出自這裡
08:06
was sourced to the killing fields
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也是這場殺戮戰場的原因
08:08
of the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo.
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戰場就在剛果共和國的東部
08:12
Now, coltan you will find in almost every mobile phone,
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現在鈳鉭鐵礦幾乎可以在任何一支手機上
08:16
in almost every laptop
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任何一台筆電上
08:18
and games console.
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還有遊戲機上被看到
08:20
The Congolese war lords were selling this stuff to the mafia
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剛果的軍閥將這金屬賣給黑道
08:23
in exchange for weapons,
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來換得武器
08:25
and the mafia would then sell it on to Western markets.
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黑道卻把貴金屬賣給了西方的市場
08:29
And it is this Western desire
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這貴金屬是西方物質慾望
08:31
to consume
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消費
08:33
that is the primary driver
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這就是最原始的驅動力
08:36
of international organized crime.
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導致國際化的組織犯罪行為
08:39
Now, let me show you some of my friends in action,
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現在，讓大家看一下我的朋友在追緝行動中的畫面
08:43
caught conveniently on film by the Italian police,
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義大利警方記錄下的影片
08:46
and smuggling duty-not-paid cigarettes.
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走私未稅的香煙
08:49
Now, cigarettes out the factory gate are very cheap.
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香煙出廠的時候是非常便宜的
08:52
The European Union then imposes the highest taxes on them in the world.
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歐盟國家在香煙上打了世界上最昂貴的稅金
08:56
So if you can smuggle them into the E.U.,
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所以你要是走私香煙進歐盟
08:59
there are very handsome profits to be made,
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就會賺取極高的利潤
09:02
and I want to show you this to demonstrate
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我現在要展示給各位看的
09:04
the type of resources available to these groups.
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走私集團有什麼樣的工具
09:07
This boat is worth one million Euros when it's new.
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這艘船的造價是一百萬歐元
09:11
And it's the fastest thing on European waters.
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在歐洲沒有船跑得比他快
09:15
From 1994, for seven years,
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從1994年算起七年
09:18
20 of these boats
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20艘這樣的船
09:20
made the trip across the Adriatic,
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通過亞德里亞海
09:23
from Montenegro to Italy, every single night.
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每天晚上從蒙特內哥羅共和國到義大利
09:26
And as a consequence of this trade,
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這樣的非法走私交易
09:28
Britain alone lost eight billion dollars in revenue.
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每年英國損失八十億美金
09:33
And instead that money went to underwrite the wars in Yugoslavia
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而這些沒有記錄的錢後來卻跑到了南斯拉夫的戰爭去了
09:37
and line the pockets of unscrupulous individuals.
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還有一群無恥的商人口袋裡面
09:41
Now Italian police, when this trade started,
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這種交易剛剛開始的時候義大利的警方
09:44
had just two boats which could go at the same speed.
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只有兩艘警艇可以跟他們跑得一樣快
09:48
And this is very important, because the only way you can catch these guys
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這非常重要，因為唯一逮到這些傢伙的方法
09:50
is if they run out of gas.
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就是讓他們跑到沒汽油了
09:53
Sometimes the gangsters would bring with them
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有時候歹徒還會另外偷運其他物品
09:55
women being trafficked into prostitution,
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女人也用這個方式運送賣淫
09:58
and if the police intervened, they would hurl
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如果發現警方追緝他們就
10:00
the women into the sea
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把女人拋入海中
10:03
so that the police had to go and save them from drowning,
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警察忙著救人免於溺斃
10:05
rather than chasing the bad guys.
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歹徒就趁機逃逸
10:09
So I have shown you this to demonstrate
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我給各位看這段影片
10:12
how many boats, how many vessels it takes
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多少船、多少警艇
10:14
to catch one of these guys.
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來追緝一艘歹徒所開的船
10:16
And the answer is six vessels.
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答案是六艘
10:18
And remember, 20 of these speed boats
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請各位記住有20艘這樣的快船
10:21
were coming across the Adriatic
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來回通過亞德里亞海
10:23
every single night.
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在每一個晚上
10:25
So what were these guys doing with all the money they were making?
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這些歹徒到底怎麼花他們賺來的這一堆錢？
10:29
Well, this is where we come to globalization,
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這裡就要帶大家進入全球化議題
10:33
because that was not just the deregulation of global trade.
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因為這不但將全球國際貿易規範摧毀
10:36
It was the liberalization of international financial markets.
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同時他將全球金融市場自由化了
10:39
And boy, did that make it easy
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我的天啊！怎麼如此容易
10:42
for the money launderers.
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對於洗錢的人來說
10:44
The last two decades have been the champagne era
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過去的20年簡直就是天堂
10:47
for dirty lucre.
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漂白了髒錢
10:49
In the 1990s, we saw financial centers around the world
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1990我們看到全世界的金融中心
10:53
competing for their business,
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爭奪他們的生意
10:56
and there was simply no effective mechanism
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而當時完全沒有任何方法
10:58
to prevent money laundering.
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來防治洗錢
11:00
And a lot of licit banks were also happy
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而且很多合法的銀行也樂於
11:03
to accept deposits
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接受存款
11:06
from very dubious sources
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甚至十分可以的金錢來源
11:08
without questions being asked.
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根本不問任何問題
11:11
But at the heart of this, is the offshore banking network.
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這個問題的核心是海外的銀行網路
11:15
Now these things
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現在這些問題
11:18
are an essential part of the money laundering parade,
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成為國際洗錢的最重要的部份
11:21
and if you want to do something about illegal tax evasion
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如果要矯正規避合法的稅金
11:25
and transnational organized crime, money laundering,
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國際犯罪組織、洗錢
11:29
you have to get rid of them.
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一定要去除這些問題
11:31
On a positive note, we at last have someone in the White House
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一個正面的消息，我們有一位人士在美國白宮
11:34
who has consistently spoken out
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經常的大聲疾呼
11:37
against these corrosive entities.
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反對這些腐化的實體
11:40
And if anyone is concerned about what I believe
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如果有任何人跟我一樣關心這樣的問題
11:44
is the necessity for
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最重要的事情是
11:47
new legislation, regulation, effective regulation,
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新的立法、法規，有效的法規
11:50
I say, let's take a look at Bernie Madoff,
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我們就來看看 Bernie Madoff （柏尼馬多夫）
11:54
who is now going to be spending the rest of his life in jail.
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他將要關在監獄裡面一輩子
11:58
Bernie Madoff stole 65 billion dollars.
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Bernie Madoff 偷走了六百五十億美金
12:04
That puts him up there on the Olympus of gangsters
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這讓他跟那些歹徒可以一起開個「壞人奧林匹克」
12:07
with the Colombian cartels
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參加的有哥倫比亞的毒販
12:09
and the major Russian crime syndicates,
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還有主要的俄國犯罪集團
12:12
but he did this for decades
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不過，他這樣偷了幾十年
12:14
in the very heart of Wall Street,
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就在華爾街的核心
12:16
and no regulator picked up on it.
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沒有任何規範可以將他找出來
12:19
So how many other Madoffs are there on Wall Street
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所以我們猜測，還有多少 Madoff 在華爾街？
12:22
or in the city of London,
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或者是倫敦
12:24
fleecing ordinary folk
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欺騙一般百姓
12:26
and money laundering?
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洗錢
12:28
Well I can tell you, it's quite a few of them.
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我可以告訴各位，還真的不少
12:32
Let me go on to the 101 of international organized crime now.
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讓我進入到國際組織犯罪的基本常識
12:36
And that is narcotics. Our second marijuana farm photograph for the morning.
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毒品，這是我們今天早上展示的第二張照片--大麻工廠
12:40
This one, however, is in central British Columbia
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這一個工廠在英屬哥倫比亞 （加拿大 卑詩省）
12:43
where I photographed it.
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我拍到這照片
12:45
It's one of the tens of thousands
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這只是上萬個
12:47
of mom-and-pop grow-ops in B.C.
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英屬哥倫比亞的家庭種植場之一
12:50
which ensure that over five percent
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大概佔了當地5％
12:53
of the province's GDP is accounted for by this trade.
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省的交易類國民生產毛額
12:57
Now, I was taken by inspector Brian Cantera,
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Brian Cantera 督察帶著我去
13:02
of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police,
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他任職於加拿大皇家警騎
13:04
to a cavernous warehouse east of Vancouver
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去這個位於溫哥華的倉庫
13:06
to see some of the goods which are regularly confiscated
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去看看這些被沒收的貨品
13:10
by the RCMP
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加拿大皇家警騎
13:12
from the smugglers who are sending it,
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從走私者身上所扣押的物件
13:14
of course, down south to the United States
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當然，走私的目標是南方的美國
13:17
where there is an insatiable market
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那兒有個永遠無法滿足的市場
13:19
for B.C. Bud, as it's called,
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他們稱之為英屬哥倫比亞的花蕾
13:22
in part because it's marketed as organic,
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因為歸類這個市場為 「有機」 的
13:24
which of course goes down very well in California.
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當然這個在加州就賣得特別好
13:28
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
13:30
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
13:31
Now, even by the police's admission,
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甚至於警方都承認
13:34
this makes not a dent in the profits, really,
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這種地下經濟不過是小咖
13:39
of the major exporters.
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對於主要的輸出者而言
13:41
Since the beginning of globalization,
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在全球化開始之際
13:43
the global narcotics market has expanded enormously.
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全球的毒品市場就急速擴充得非常龐大
13:47
There has, however, been no concomitant increase
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不過在警方則沒有相對的增加
13:50
in the resources available
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作為對抗犯罪的資源
13:53
to police forces.
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對於警方來說
13:55
This, however, may all be about to change,
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不過，這一切即將有所改變
14:00
because something very strange is going on.
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因為有些非常奇怪的事情正在發生
14:02
The United Nations recognized
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聯合國開始認知
14:04
earlier this -- it was last month actually --
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其實是上個月發生的事情
14:07
that Canada has become a key area of distribution and production
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加拿大已經成為了主要的生產與配銷的地區
14:13
of ecstasy and other synthetic drugs.
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販售搖頭丸和其他的合成毒品
14:17
Interestingly, the market share
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很有趣的市場的分佈
14:19
of heroin and cocaine is going down,
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海洛因和古柯鹼比例下降了
14:22
because the pills are getting ever better at reproducing their highs.
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因為這些和成藥物更能讓吸毒者開心
14:27
Now that is a game changer,
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現在遊戲規則改變了
14:31
because it shifts production away from the developing world
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因為製造的區塊已經從開發中國家轉移
14:35
and into the Western world.
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而進入了西方國家
14:39
When that happens, it is a trend
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當這樣的狀況發生成回趨勢
14:41
which is set to overwhelm our policing capacity in the West.
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西方國家的警察無法負荷這樣的工作量
14:45
The drugs policy which we've had in place for 40 years
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現有的緝毒警察已經設立近40年
14:49
is long overdue for a very serious rethink,
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已經非常過時了，需要認真的重新規劃
14:54
in my opinion.
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這是我個人觀點
14:56
Now, the recession.
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現在來談談經濟衰退
14:58
Well, organized crime has already adapted
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組織犯罪早就已經適應了
15:00
very well to the recession.
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適應得非常好
15:02
Not surprising, the most opportunistic industry
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說他們是全世界最投機的生意人
15:04
in the whole world.
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一點也不意外
15:06
And it has no rules to its regulatory system.
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他們管理這個組織卻沒有規則
15:10
Except, of course, it has two business risks:
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但是，他們也有兩個經營上的風險
15:14
arrest by law enforcement,
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被警方逮捕
15:16
which is, frankly, the least of their worries,
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這可能是他們最不擔心的事情
15:18
and competition from other groups,
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遭受到其他集團的競爭
15:21
i.e. a bullet in the back of the head.
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像是，腦門後抵著一把槍
15:23
What they've done is they've shifted their operations.
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一受到威脅他們會馬上轉移生意的運作
15:26
People don't smoke as much dope, or visit prostitutes quite so frequently
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人們會減少接觸毒品，或找妓女
15:30
during a recession.
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當經濟的衰退時期
15:32
And so instead, they have invaded financial
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因此犯罪集團轉而開始入侵金融業
15:34
and corporate crime in a big way,
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而且犯罪組織擴大
15:36
but above all, two sectors,
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整體而言有兩個部分
15:38
and that is counterfeit goods
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一個是仿冒商品
15:41
and cybercrime.
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網路犯罪
15:43
And it's been terribly successful.
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而他們獲得巨大成功
15:45
I would like to introduce you to Mr. Pringle.
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我現在介紹給各位 Mr. Pringle （品客洋芋片）
15:48
Or perhaps I should say, more accurately, Señor Pringle.
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或者我應該更精確的介紹 Señor Pringle
15:52
I was introduced to this bit of kit by a Brazilian cybercriminal.
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這是一位巴西的網路犯罪者介紹給我認識的
15:56
We sat in a car on the Avenue Paulista
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我們一起坐在車子裏，停在 Paulista 街道
15:58
in São Paulo, together.
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在聖保羅（巴西）
16:00
Hooked it up to my laptop,
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把這個裝置接上我的電腦
16:02
and within about five minutes he had penetrated
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五分鐘之後，他入侵了
16:05
the computer security system
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電腦的安全系統
16:07
of a major Brazilian bank.
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系統歸屬於巴西某重要銀行
16:10
It's really not that difficult.
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真的沒有這麼困難
16:12
And it's actually much easier because
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事實上非常容易
16:15
the fascinating thing about cybercrime
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因為相關的網路犯罪很吸引人
16:17
is that it's not so much the technology.
334
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而所需要的技術卻很低
16:21
The key to cybercrime is what we call social engineering.
335
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網路犯罪最重要的一塊是我們所謂的社群工程
16:25
Or to use the technical term for it,
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這是我們換成技術名詞來說
16:27
there's one born every minute.
337
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每一分鐘都有新的誕生
16:30
You would not believe how easy it is
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他簡單到你無法想像
16:33
to persuade people to do things with their computers
339
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要人們去使用他們的電腦
16:36
which are objectively not in their interest.
340
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多數人都不會感到興趣
16:39
And it was very soon
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但是，很快的
16:41
when the cybercriminals learned that the quickest way to do this,
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當網路犯罪者發現最快速的一條通道
16:43
of course, the quickest way to a person's wallet
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當然最快速的是直接掏空某人的口袋
16:47
is through the promise of sex and love.
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用虛無的性愛承諾和愛情的盟約
16:50
I expect some of you remember the ILOVEYOU virus,
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我相信在座應該還有人記得「我愛你」病毒
16:53
one of the very great worldwide viruses that came.
346
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它是全世界最成功的病毒之一
16:57
I was very fortunate when the ILOVEYOU virus came out,
347
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當這個病毒出現的時候我很幸運
17:00
because the first person I received it from
348
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因為我第一次收到的是
17:03
was an ex-girlfriend of mine.
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從我前女友寄來
17:05
Now, she harbored all sorts of sentiments and emotions towards me at the time,
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她當時對我有很多的情緒以及感受
17:10
but love was not amongst them.
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不過「愛」絕對不在其中
17:12
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
17:14
And so as soon as I saw this drop into my inbox,
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當我一發現這封信在我的收件匣
17:18
I dispatched it hastily to the recycle bin
354
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所以我馬上就把這封信刪除了
17:21
and spared myself a very nasty infection.
355
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讓我省了不少的麻煩
17:26
So, cybercrime, do watch out for it.
356
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所以大家真的要注意網路犯罪
17:30
One thing that we do know that the Internet is doing
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我們知道網際網路對於犯罪者而言
17:32
is the Internet is assisting these guys.
358
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是幫助他們的工具
17:35
These are mosquitos who carry the malarial parasite
359
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好像是蚊子帶著瘧疾的病菌
17:38
which infests our blood when the mosy has had a free meal
360
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當蚊子享受晚餐的時候感染了我們
17:42
at our expense.
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對我們來說
17:44
Now, Artesunate is a very effective drug
362
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青蒿素是非常有效的藥物
17:47
at destroying the parasite in the early days
363
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可以在感染的初期殺死
17:50
of infection.
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寄生蟲
17:52
But over the past year or so,
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但是過去幾年
17:54
researchers in Cambodia have discovered
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在柬埔寨的研究發現
17:57
that what's happening is
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發生了些變化
18:00
the malarial parasite is developing a resistance.
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這些寄生蟲產生抗藥性
18:03
And they fear that the reason why it's developing a resistance
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研究人員擔心抗藥性的產生
18:06
is because Cambodians can't afford the drugs on the commercial market,
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是由於柬埔寨人無法負擔一般市場的藥品
18:10
and so they buy it from the Internet.
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所以他們在網路上購買
18:13
And these pills contain only low doses
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然而這些藥品內含的
18:15
of the active ingredient.
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劑量不足
18:17
Which is why
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導致事情的發生
18:19
the parasite is beginning to develop a resistance.
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這些病菌沒被殺死反而產生了抗藥性
18:23
The reason I say this
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我說這件事情的原因
18:25
is because we have to know
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因為我們必須知道
18:27
that organized crime
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組織犯罪
18:29
impacts all sorts of areas of our lives.
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正影響著我們所有的生活層面
18:32
You don't have to sleep with prostitutes
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你不必去找妓女
18:35
or take drugs
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或吸毒
18:37
in order to have a relationship with organized crime.
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就會跟組織犯罪者發生關係
18:39
They affect our bank accounts.
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他們影響著我們的銀行存款
18:41
They affect our communications, our pension funds.
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他們影響著我們的通訊、我們的退休金
18:43
They even affect the food that we eat
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他們甚至影響著我們吃的食物
18:47
and our governments.
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和我們的政府
18:49
This is no longer an issue
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這不再是一個犯罪議題
18:52
of Sicilians from Palermo and New York.
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從西西里黑手黨到紐約
18:55
There is no romance involved with gangsters
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這個犯罪組織一點也沒有浪漫情結
18:58
in the 21st Century.
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在21世紀的今天
19:00
This is a mighty industry,
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他們是一個強大的工業
19:03
and it creates instability and violence
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他們創造不穩定的局勢和暴力
19:06
wherever it goes.
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不管去到哪裡
19:08
It is a major economic force
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都會成為當地主要的經濟力量
19:10
and we need to take it very, very seriously.
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我們應該要非常、非常的重視這個問題
19:14
It's been a privilege talking to you.
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跟各位分享是我的榮幸
19:16
Thank you very much.
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謝謝大家
19:18
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Misha Glenny - Underworld investigatorJournalist Misha Glenny leaves no stone unturned (and no failed state unexamined) in his excavation of criminal globalization.
Why you should listen
In minute detail, Misha Glenny's 2008 book McMafia illuminates the byzantine outlines of global organized crime. Whether it's pot smugglers in British Columbia, oil/weapons/people traffickers in Eastern Europe, Japanese yakuza or Nigerian scammers, to research this magisterial work Glenny penetrated the convoluted, globalized and franchised modern underworld -- often at considerable personal risk.
The book that resulted is an exhaustive look at an unseen industry that Glenny believes may account for 15% of the world's GDP.
Legal society ignores this world at its peril, but Glenny suggests that conventional law enforcement might not be able to combat a problem whose roots lie in global instability.
While covering the Central Europe beat for the Guardian and the BBC, Glenny wrote several acclaimed books on the fall of Yugoslavia and the rise of the Balkan nations. He's researching a new book on cybercrime, of which he says: "The key to cybercrime is what we call social engineering. Or to use the technical term for it, there's one born every minute."
Watch TED's exclusive video Q&A with Glenny: "Behind the Scenes of McMafia" >>
Misha Glenny | Speaker | TED.com