ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Titley - Meteorologist
Scientist and retired Navy officer Dr. David Titley asks a big question: Could the US military play a role in combating climate change?

Why you should listen

David Titley is a Professor of Practice in Meteorology and a Professor of International Affairs at the Pennsylvania State University. He is the founding director of Penn State’s Center for Solutions to Weather and Climate Risk. He served as a naval officer for 32 years and rose to the rank of Rear Admiral. Titley’s career included duties as commander of the Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command; oceanographer and navigator of the Navy; and deputy assistant chief of naval operations for information dominance. He also served as senior military assistant for the director, Office of Net Assessment in the Office of the Secretary of Defense.

While serving in the Pentagon, Titley initiated and led the U.S. Navy’s Task Force on Climate Change. After retiring from the Navy, Titley served as the Deputy Undersecretary of Commerce for Operations, the chief operating officer position at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Titley serves on numerous advisory boards and National Academies of Science committees, including the CNA Military Advisory Board, the Center for Climate and Security and the Science and Security Board of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Titley is a fellow of the American Meteorological Society. He was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Alaska, Fairbanks.

More profile about the speaker
David Titley | Speaker | TED.com
TED2017

David Titley: How the military fights climate change

Filmed:
1,016,753 views

Military leaders have known for millennia that the time to prepare for a challenge is before it hits you, says scientist and retired US Navy officer David Titley. He takes us from the humanitarian catastrophe in Syria to the icy shores of Svalbard to show how the military approaches the threat of climate change, in a refreshingly practical, nonpartisan take on climate preparedness. "The ice doesn't care who's in the White House. It doesn't care which party controls your congress. It doesn't care which party controls your parliament," Titley says. "It just melts."
- Meteorologist
Scientist and retired Navy officer Dr. David Titley asks a big question: Could the US military play a role in combating climate change? Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
So I'd like to tell you a story
about climate and change,
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but it's really a story about people
and not polar bears.
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So this is our house
that we lived in in the mid-2000s.
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I was the chief operating officer
for the Navy's weather and ocean service.
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It happened to be down at a place
called Stennis Space Center
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right on the Gulf Coast,
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so we lived in a little town
called Waveland, Mississippi,
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nice modest house, and as you can see,
it's up against a storm surge.
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Now, if you ever wonder
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what a 30-foot or nine-meter
storm surge does
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coming up your street,
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let me show you.
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Same house.
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That's me, kind of wondering what's next.
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But when we say we lost our house --
this is, like, right after Katrina --
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so the house is either all the way
up there in the railway tracks,
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or it's somewhere down there
in the Gulf of Mexico,
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and to this day,
we really, we lost our house.
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We don't know where it is.
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01:07
(Laughter)
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You know, it's gone.
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So I don't show this for pity,
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because in many ways, we were
the luckiest people on the Gulf Coast.
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01:20
One of the things is, we had insurance,
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and that idea of insurance
is probably pretty important there.
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But does this scale up,
you know, what happened here?
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01:30
And I think it kind of does,
because as you've heard,
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as the sea levels come up,
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it takes weaker and weaker storms
to do something like this.
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So let's just step back for a second
and kind of look at this.
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01:43
And, you know,
climate's really complicated,
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a lot of moving parts in this,
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but I kind of put it about
it's all about the water.
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See, see those three blue dots
there down on the lower part?
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The one you can easily see,
that's all the water in the world.
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Those two smaller dots,
those are the fresh water.
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02:02
And it turns out
that as the climate changes,
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the distribution of that water
is changing very fundamentally.
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So now we have too much, too little,
wrong place, wrong time.
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It's salty where it should be fresh;
it's liquid where it should be frozen;
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it's wet where it should be dry;
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and in fact, the very chemistry
of the ocean itself is changing.
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And what that does
from a security or a military part
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is it does three things:
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it changes the very operating
environment that we're working in,
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it threatens our bases,
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and then it has geostrategic risks,
which sounds kind of fancy
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and I'll explain what I mean
by that in a second.
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So let's go to just
a couple examples here.
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And we'll start off with what we all know
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is of course a political
and humanitarian catastrophe
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that is Syria.
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And it turns out that climate
was one of the causes
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in a long chain of events.
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It actually started back in the 1970s.
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03:02
When Assad took control over Syria,
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he decided he wanted to be self-sufficient
in things like wheat and barley.
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Now, you would like to think
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that there was somebody
in Assad's office that said,
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"Hey boss, you know,
we're in the eastern Mediterranean,
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kind of dry here,
maybe not the best idea."
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But I think what happened was,
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"Boss, you are a smart, powerful
and handsome man. We'll get right on it."
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And they did.
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So by the '90s, believe it or not,
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they were actually
self-sufficient in food,
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but they did it at a great cost.
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They did it at a cost of their aquifers,
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they did it at a cost
of their surface water.
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And of course, there are
many nonclimate issues
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that also contributed to Syria.
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There was the Iraq War,
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and as you can see
by that lower blue line there,
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over a million refugees
come into the cities.
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And then about a decade ago,
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there's this tremendous
heat wave and drought --
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fingerprints all over that show,
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yes, this is in fact related
to the changing climate --
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04:02
has put another three quarters
of a million farmers
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into those same cities.
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04:07
Why? Because they had nothing.
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They had dust. They had dirt.
They had nothing.
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04:13
So now they're in the cities,
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the Iraqis are in the cities,
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it's Assad, it's not like
he's taking care of his people,
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and all of a sudden
we have just this huge issue here
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of massive instability
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and a breeding ground for extremism.
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04:28
And this is why in the security community
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we call climate change
a risk to instability.
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04:34
It accelerates instability here.
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In plain English,
it makes bad places worse.
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04:40
So let's go to another place here.
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Now we're going to go 2,000 kilometers,
or about 1,200 miles, north of Oslo,
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only 600 miles from the Pole,
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and this is arguably
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the most strategic island
you've never heard of.
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It's a place called Svalbard.
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04:55
It sits astride the sea lanes
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that the Russian Northern Fleet needs
to get out and go into warmer waters.
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05:03
It is also, by virtue of its geography,
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05:06
a place where you can control
every single polar orbiting satellite
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on every orbit.
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It is the strategic high ground of space.
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05:13
Climate change has greatly reduced
the sea ice around here,
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greatly increasing human activity,
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05:19
and it's becoming a flashpoint,
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05:21
and in fact the NATO
Parliamentary Assembly
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is going to meet here
on Svalbard next month.
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The Russians are very,
very unhappy about that.
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05:29
So if you want to find
a flashpoint in the Arctic,
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look at Svalbard there.
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Now, in the military,
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we have known for decades,
if not centuries,
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that the time to prepare,
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whether it's for a hurricane,
a typhoon or strategic changes,
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is before they hit you,
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and Admiral Nimitz was right there.
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That is the time to prepare.
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Fortunately, our Secretary of Defense,
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Secretary Mattis,
he understands that as well,
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and what he understands
is that climate is a risk.
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He has said so in his written
responses to Congress,
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and he says, "As Secretary of Defense,
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it's my job to manage such risks."
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It's not only the US military
that understands this.
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Many of our friends and allies
in other navies and other militaries
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have very clear-eyed views
about the climate risk.
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And in fact, in 2014, I was honored
to speak for a half-a-day seminar
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at the International Seapower Symposium
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to 70 heads of navies about this issue.
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So Winston Churchill
is alleged to have said,
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I'm not sure if he said anything,
but he's alleged to have said
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that Americans can always
be counted upon to do the right thing
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after exhausting every other possibility.
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(Laughter)
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So I would argue
we're still in the process
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of exhausting every other possibility,
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but I do think we will prevail.
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But I need your help.
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This is my ask.
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I ask not that you take
your recycling out on Wednesday,
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but that you engage
with every business leader,
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every technology leader,
every government leader,
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and ask them, "Ma'am, sir,
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what are you doing
to stabilize the climate?"
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It's just that simple.
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Because when enough people care enough,
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the politicians, most of whom
won't lead on this issue --
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but they will be led --
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that will change this.
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Because I can tell you,
the ice doesn't care.
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The ice doesn't care
who's in the White House.
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It doesn't care which party
controls your congress.
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It doesn't care which party
controls your parliament.
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It just melts.
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Thank you very much.
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(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Titley - Meteorologist
Scientist and retired Navy officer Dr. David Titley asks a big question: Could the US military play a role in combating climate change?

Why you should listen

David Titley is a Professor of Practice in Meteorology and a Professor of International Affairs at the Pennsylvania State University. He is the founding director of Penn State’s Center for Solutions to Weather and Climate Risk. He served as a naval officer for 32 years and rose to the rank of Rear Admiral. Titley’s career included duties as commander of the Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command; oceanographer and navigator of the Navy; and deputy assistant chief of naval operations for information dominance. He also served as senior military assistant for the director, Office of Net Assessment in the Office of the Secretary of Defense.

While serving in the Pentagon, Titley initiated and led the U.S. Navy’s Task Force on Climate Change. After retiring from the Navy, Titley served as the Deputy Undersecretary of Commerce for Operations, the chief operating officer position at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Titley serves on numerous advisory boards and National Academies of Science committees, including the CNA Military Advisory Board, the Center for Climate and Security and the Science and Security Board of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Titley is a fellow of the American Meteorological Society. He was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Alaska, Fairbanks.

More profile about the speaker
David Titley | Speaker | TED.com

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