TEDGlobal 2009
Karen Armstrong: Let's revive the Golden Rule
Äratame kuldreegli uuesti ellu
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Mõni nädal pärast kaastunde harta alustamist uurib Karen Armstrong religiooni rolli 21. sajandil: kas selle dogmad lahutavad meid? Või ühendab see meid ühise heaolu nimel? Armstrong teeb ülevaate katalüsaatoreist, mis võivad juhtida maailma usundid taasavastama eetika kuldreeglit.
Karen Armstrong - Religious scholar
Karen Armstrong -- winner of the 2008 TED Prize -- is a provocative, original thinker on the role of religion in the modern world. Full bio
Karen Armstrong -- winner of the 2008 TED Prize -- is a provocative, original thinker on the role of religion in the modern world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
For years I've been feeling frustrated,
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Olen aastaid tundnud frustratsiooni,
00:16
because as a religious historian,
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sest religiooniajaloolasena
00:19
I've become acutely aware
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olen saanud teravalt teadlikuks sellest,
00:21
of the centrality of compassion
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kui keskne on kaastunne
00:24
in all the major world faiths.
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kõikides suuremates usundites.
00:27
Every single one of them
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Iga viimane kui üks neist
00:29
has evolved their own version
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on välja arendanud oma versiooni sellest,
00:31
of what's been called the Golden Rule.
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mida nimetatakse eetika kuldreegliks.
00:34
Sometimes it comes in a positive version --
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Mõnikord on see sõnastatud positiivsena:
00:37
"Always treat all others as you'd like to be treated yourself."
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"Kohtle alati kõiki niimoodi, nagu sa tahad, et sind koheldaks."
00:41
And equally important
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Ja samavõrd tähtis
00:43
is the negative version --
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on ka negatiivne sõnastus:
00:46
"Don't do to others what you would not like them to do to you."
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"Ära tee teisele seda, mida sa ei taha, et sulle tehtaks."
00:51
Look into your own heart,
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Vaata omaenda südamesse.
00:53
discover what it is that gives you pain
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Avasta see, mis sulle valu teeb
00:56
and then refuse, under any circumstance whatsoever,
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ja siis keeldu, ükskõik mis tingimustel,
01:00
to inflict that pain on anybody else.
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põhjustamast sama valu ükskõik kellele teisele.
01:04
And people have emphasized the importance of compassion,
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Inimesed on rõhutanud kaastunde tähtsust
01:09
not just because it sounds good,
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mitte üksnes sellepärast, et see kõlab hästi,
01:11
but because it works.
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vaid sellepärast, et see toimib.
01:14
People have found that when they have
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Inimesed on avastanud, et kui nad
01:17
implemented the Golden Rule
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rakendavad kuldreeglit
01:19
as Confucius said, "all day and every day,"
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Konfutsiuse sõnade järgi "terve päeva ja iga päev" -
01:23
not just a question of doing your good deed for the day
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tähtis pole mitte teha oma üks heategu päevas
01:25
and then returning to a life of greed
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ja siis naasta ellu, mis on täis
01:28
and egotism,
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ahnust ja isekust,
01:30
but to do it all day and every day,
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vaid teha seda kogu päeva ja iga päev -
01:33
you dethrone yourself from the center of your world,
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sest siis sa loobud olemast oma maailma keskpunkt,
01:37
put another there, and you transcend yourself.
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asetad sinna teise inimese ja ületad iseenda piirid
01:40
And it brings you into the presence
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ning seeläbi satud selle juurde,
01:43
of what's been called God, Nirvana, Rama, Tao.
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mida nimetatakse Jumalaks, nirvaanaks, Ramaks, taoks.
01:47
Something that goes beyond
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Selle juurde, mis jääb väljapoole
01:49
what we know in our ego-bound existence.
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meie egokeskse eksistentsi teadmisi.
01:54
But you know you'd never know it a lot of the time,
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Aga sageli ei oskaks kõrvalt vaadates arvatagi,
01:56
that this was so central to the religious life.
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et see on religioosses elus nii oluline olnud.
01:59
Because with a few wonderful exceptions,
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Sest kui mõni imeline erand välja arvata
02:02
very often when religious people come together,
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juhtub sageli nii, et kui usuinimesed kokku tulevad,
02:05
religious leaders come together, they're arguing about abstruse doctrines
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kui usujuhid kokku tulevad, siis vaieldakse keeruliste doktriinide üle
02:11
or uttering a council of hatred
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või levitatakse vihkamise sõnumit
02:15
or inveighing against homosexuality or something of that sort.
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või sõditakse homoseksuaalsuse või muu sarnase vastu.
02:20
Often people don't really want to be compassionate.
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Inimesed ei taha sageli päriselt kaastundlikud olla.
02:22
I sometimes see
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Mõnikord, kui ma kõnelen usklikega,
02:24
when I'm speaking to a congregation of religious people
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näen inimeste nägudel
02:27
a sort of mutinous expression crossing their faces
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mässumeelset ilmet,
02:30
because people often want to be right instead.
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sest sageli tahavad nad hoopis, et neil oleks õigus.
02:34
And that of course defeats the object of the exercise.
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Ja see muidugi nurjab kohe ettevõtmise eesmärgi.
02:38
Now why was I so grateful to TED?
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Miks ma olin TEDile nii tänulik?
02:42
Because they took me very gently
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Sest nad juhatasid mu väga hellalt
02:48
from my book-lined study
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mu raamatute ja uurimuste juurest
02:51
and brought me into the 21st century,
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kahekümne esimesse sajandisse,
02:53
enabling me to speak to a much, much wider audience
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võimaldades mul kõneleda palju laiema publikuga
02:57
than I could have ever conceived.
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kui ma iial oleksin ette kujutanud.
02:59
Because I feel an urgency about this.
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Ma tunnen, et selleks on pakiline vajadus.
03:02
If we don't manage to implement
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Kui me ei suuda kuldreeglit
03:05
the Golden Rule globally,
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rakendada globaalselt, nii et me
03:09
so that we treat all peoples, wherever and whoever they may be,
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kohtleksime kõiki rahvaid, kus iganes ja kes iganes nad ka oleksid,
03:13
as though they were as important as ourselves,
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nii, nagu nad oleksid sama tähtsad kui me ise,
03:16
I doubt that we'll have
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siis ma kahtlen, kas me suudame säilitada
03:18
a viable world to hand on to the next generation.
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elujõulist maailma, mida järgmisele põlvkonnale pärandada.
03:21
The task of our time,
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Meie aja ülesanne,
03:23
one of the great tasks of our time,
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üks suurtest ülesannetest meie ajal,
03:26
is to build a global society, as I said,
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on ehitada ülemaailmne ühiskond,
03:28
where people can live together in peace.
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milles inimesed saaksid koos rahus elada.
03:31
And the religions that should be making a major contribution
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Religioonid, mis peaksid sellesse panustama,
03:35
are instead seen as part of the problem.
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hoopis põhjustavad mitmeid probleeme.
03:39
And of course it's not just religious people who believe in the Golden Rule.
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Kuldreeglisse usuvad muidugi ka teised peale usklike.
03:45
This is the source of all morality,
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See on kogu moraalsuse allikas.
03:48
this imaginative act of empathy,
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See sisemine empaatiaväljendus,
03:51
putting yourself in the place of another.
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osata kujutleda iseend teise inimese asemel.
03:54
And so we have a choice, it seems to me.
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Nii et minu arvates on meil võimalus valida.
03:58
We can either go on bringing out or emphasizing
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Kas jätkata oma usundi dogmaatiliste ja sallimatute aspektide
04:03
the dogmatic and intolerant aspects of our faith,
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esiletoomist ja rõhutamist,
04:07
or we can go back to
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või minna tagasi rabide juurde,
04:11
the rabbis. Rabbi Hillel, the older contemporary of Jesus,
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Rabi Hilleli, Jeesuse vanema kaasaegse juurde,
04:16
who, when asked by a pagan
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kes, kui üks pagan palus tal
04:19
to sum up the whole of Jewish teaching while he stood on one leg,
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kogu juudi õpetuse kokku võtta ühel jalal seistes,
04:24
said, "That which is hateful to you, do not do to your neighbor.
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ütles: "Seda, mis on sulle vihkamisväärne, ära tee oma naabrile.
04:28
That is the Torah and everything else is only commentary."
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See ongi Toora, kõik ülejäänu on kommentaar."
04:33
And the rabbis and the early fathers of the church who said that
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Rabide ja varajaste kirikuisade juurde, kes ütlesid, et
04:37
any interpretation of scripture
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iga pühakirja tõlgendus,
04:40
that bred hatred and disdain was illegitimate.
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mis õhutab vihkamist ja põlgust, on omavoliline ja kehtetu.
04:44
And we need to revive that spirit.
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Me peame selle vaimsuse taaselustama.
04:47
And it's not just going to happen
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Ja see ei juhtu niisama lihtsalt, et
04:49
because a spirit of love wafts us down.
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meid tabab armastusepuhang.
04:52
We have to make this happen,
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Me peame panema selle juhtuma,
04:54
and we can do it
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ja me suudame seda,
04:56
with the modern communications
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kasutades tänapäevaseid kommunikatsioonivahendeid,
04:58
that TED has introduced.
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mida TED on välja pakkunud.
05:00
Already I've been tremendously heartened
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Juba praegu on mulle tohutult palju julgust andnud
05:03
at the response of all our partners.
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kõigi meie partnerite vastukaja.
05:06
In Singapore, we have a group
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Singapuris on rühm inimesi,
05:10
going to use the Charter to heal divisions
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kes plaanivad kasutada meie hartat leevendamaks lõhesid,
05:14
recently that have sprung up in Singaporean society,
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mis viimasel ajal on singapuri ühiskonnas esile kerkinud,
05:18
and some members of the parliament want
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ja mõned parlamendiliikmed tahavad
05:21
to implement it politically.
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rakendada seda poliitilisel tasandil.
05:24
In Malaysia, there is going to be an art exhibition
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Malaisias tuleb kunstinäitus,
05:28
in which leading artists are going to be
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millesse juhtivad kunstnikud kaasavad
05:31
taking people, young people,
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inimesi, eriti noori,
05:35
and showing them that compassion also lies
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ning näitavad neile, et kaastunne on ühtlasi
05:37
at the root of all art.
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igasuguse kunsti alus.
05:40
Throughout Europe, the Muslim communities
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Moslemi kogukonnad üle kogu Euroopa
05:44
are holding events and discussions,
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korraldavad üritusi ja arutelusid,
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are discussing the centrality of compassion
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et arutleda kaastunde olulisuse üle
05:50
in Islam and in all faiths.
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islamis ning kõikides usundites.
05:52
But it can't stop there. It can't stop with the launch.
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Aga asi ei saa sellega lõppeda. See ei saa lõppeda algatusega.
05:55
Religious teaching, this is where we've gone so wrong,
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Usundiõpetus on omadega rappa läinud, sest see
05:58
concentrating solely on believing abstruse doctrines.
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keskendub üksnes keeruliste doktriinide uskumisele.
06:02
Religious teaching must always lead to action.
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Usundiõpetus peab alati viima tegudeni.
06:07
And I intend to work on this till my dying day.
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Kavatsen selle nimel töötada kuni oma surmapäevani
06:11
And I want to continue with our partners
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ja tahan jätkata meie partneritega
06:16
to do two things --
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kaht asja -
06:18
educate and stimulate compassionate thinking.
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harida inimesi ning ergutada neid kaastundlikult mõtlema.
06:25
Education because we've so
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Harida sellepärast, et me oleme
06:28
dropped out of compassion.
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kaastunde nii unarusse jätnud.
06:30
People often think it simply means
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Inimesed arvavad sageli, et see tähendab üksnes
06:32
feeling sorry for somebody.
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kellegi haletsemist.
06:34
But of course you don't understand compassion
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Kaastunnet pole võimalik mõista,
06:37
if you're just going to think about it.
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kui te sellele ainult mõtlete.
06:39
You also have to do it.
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Seda tuleb ka ellu rakendada.
06:41
I want them to get the media involved
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Ma tahan kaasata ka meediat,
06:44
because the media are crucial
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sest meedia on ülioluline
06:46
in helping to dissolve some of the stereotypical views
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et tühistada mitmeid stereotüüpseid vaateid,
06:49
we have of other people,
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mis meil teistest inimestest on
06:51
which are dividing us from one another.
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ja mis meid üksteisest eraldavad.
06:53
The same applies to educators.
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See käib ka õpetajate kohta.
06:56
I'd like youth to get a sense of
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Ma tahan, et noored tajuksid
07:00
the dynamism, the dynamic and challenge
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dünaamilisust ja väljakutset,
07:04
of a compassionate lifestyle.
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mida pakub kaastundlik elu,
07:06
And also see that it demands acute intelligence,
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ja ühtlasi, et see nõuab teravat intelligentsi,
07:09
not just a gooey feeling.
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mitte üksnes lääget sentimentaalsust.
07:12
I'd like to call upon scholars to explore
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Tahaksin õhutada teadlasi uurima
07:15
the compassionate theme
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kaastunde teemat
07:17
in their own and in other people's traditions.
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nende endi ja teiste rahvaste pärimuses.
07:21
And perhaps above all,
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Ja võib-olla kõige enam tahaksin ma
07:23
to encourage a sensitivity about
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julgustada tundlikkust
07:27
uncompassionate speaking,
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kaastundetu kõne suhtes,
07:29
so that because people have this Charter,
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nii et kuna inimestel on see harta,
07:32
whatever their beliefs or lack of them,
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ükskõik millesse nad siis usuvad või mitte,
07:36
they feel empowered
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tunneksid nad endas jõudu
07:38
to challenge uncompassionate speech,
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vaidlustada kaastundetut kõnet,
07:42
disdainful remarks
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põlglikke märkusi
07:44
from their religious leaders, their political leaders,
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oma usujuhtidelt, poliitilistelt juhtidelt,
07:47
from the captains of industry.
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mis tahes ala lipukandjatelt.
07:49
Because we can change the world,
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Sest me saame maailma muuta,
07:51
we have the ability.
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me oleme selleks võimelised.
07:54
I would never have thought of putting the Charter online.
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Ma poleks kunagi panna hartat internetti üles.
07:57
I was still stuck in the old world
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Olin kinni vanas maailmas
07:59
of a whole bunch of boffins sitting together in a room
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kus terve hulk spetse istus koos ühes toas
08:02
and issuing yet another arcane statement.
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ja produtseeris üha uusi müstilisi avaldusi.
08:05
And TED introduced me to a whole new way
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TED näitas mulle täiesti uut viisi,
08:08
of thinking and presenting ideas.
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kuidas mõelda ja ideid jagada.
08:10
Because that is what is so wonderful about TED.
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See ongi TEDi puhul nii imeline.
08:13
In this room, all this expertise,
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Siinsamas ruumis, kõik need kogemused -
08:18
if we joined it all together,
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kui me need liidaksime,
08:20
we could change the world.
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siis saaksime maailma muuta.
08:22
And of course the problems sometimes seem insuperable.
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Muidugi tunduvad need probleemid mõnikord ületamatud,
08:27
But I'd just like to quote, finish at the end
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aga ma tahaksin lõpetuseks tsiteerida
08:30
with a reference to a British author, an Oxford author
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üht briti autorit, Oxfordi autorit,
08:34
whom I don't quote very often,
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keda ma kuigi tihti ei tsiteeri.
08:36
C.S. Lewis.
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See on C.S. Lewis.
08:38
But he wrote one thing that stuck in my mind
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Miski, mis ta kirjutas, on jäänud mulle meelde
08:40
ever since I read it when I was a schoolgirl.
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sellest ajast, kui ma seda koolitüdrukuna lugesin.
08:43
It's in his book "The Four Loves."
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See on tema raamatust "Neli armastust".
08:46
He said that he distinguished between erotic love,
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Ta tegi selget vahet erootilisel armastusel,
08:50
when two people gaze, spellbound, into each other's eyes.
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kus kaks inimest võlutuna üksteise silmadesse upuvad,
08:56
And then he compared that to friendship,
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ning sõprusel,
08:59
when two people stand side by side, as it were, shoulder to shoulder,
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kus kaks inimest seisavad kõrvuti, õlg õla kõrval,
09:03
with their eyes fixed on a common goal.
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pilk ühisel eesmärgil.
09:07
We don't have to fall in love with each other,
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Me ei pea üksteisesse armuma,
09:12
but we can become friends.
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aga me võime saada sõpradeks.
09:15
And I am convinced.
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Ja ma olen veendunud -
09:17
I felt it very strongly
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tundsin seda väga tugevalt
09:20
during our little deliberations at Vevey,
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meie väikestel aruteludel Vevey's,
09:24
that when people of all different persuasions
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et kui väga erinevate tõekspidamistega inimesed
09:28
come together, working side by side
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tulevad kokku ja töötavad kõrvuti
09:32
for a common goal,
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ühise eesmärgi nimel,
09:34
differences melt away.
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muutuvad erinevused ebaoluliseks.
09:36
And we learn amity.
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Me õpime sõbralikult suhtuma,
09:38
And we learn to live together and to get to know one another.
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õpime koos elama ning üksteist tundma.
09:43
Thank you very much.
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Aitäh.
09:45
(Applause)
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(Aplaus)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Karen Armstrong - Religious scholarKaren Armstrong -- winner of the 2008 TED Prize -- is a provocative, original thinker on the role of religion in the modern world.
Why you should listen
Religious thinker Karen Armstrong has written more than 20 books on faith and the major religions, studying what Islam, Judaism and Christianity have in common, and how our faiths shaped world history and drive current events.
A former nun, Armstrong has written two books about this experience: Through the Narrow Gate, about her seven years in the convent, and The Spiral Staircase, about her subsequent spiritual awakening, when she developed her iconoclastic take on the major monotheistic religions -- and on the strains of fundamentalism common to all. She is a powerful voice for ecumenical understanding.
Armstrong's 2008 TED Prize wish asked the world to help her create the Charter for Compassion, a document based on the Golden Rule: that we should treat others how we would want to be treated. In fall 2008, the first draft of the charter was written by the world, via a multilingual website that allowed all to comment. In February 2009, the words were given to the Council of Conscience, a gathering of religious leaders and thinkers, who crafted the final document based on global input. The Charter was officially launched in November 2009. It has been signed by notable world leaders including Pope Benedict XVI, the Dalai Lama, Desmond Tutu, Deepak Chopra and Muhammad Ali. The Charter has led to the creation of the Charter for Compassion International (CCI) organization, the Compassionate Communities campaign, and Global Compassion Council -- a group of leaders continuing the movement around the the world.
Karen Armstrong | Speaker | TED.com